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Cook, Robert A. "Dogs of War: Potential Social Institutions of Conflict, Healing, and Death in a Fort Ancient Village." American Antiquity 77, no. 3 (July 2012): 498–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.3.498.
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AbstractInterpreting ritual activity at ancient sites, such as Sun Watch Village in the Middle Ohio Valley, can be difficult without clear and specific historical connections to later groups. This Fort Ancient site yielded evidence of ritual use of dogs and wolves that resemble those documented for several Central Algonquian and Siouan/Plains tribes. Although these ethnographic groups have not been conclusively linked as direct descendants of Middle Ohio valley populations, this information can be used as multiple specific analogies for understanding such “culturally unaffiliated” cases. At Sun Watch Village, local customs of dog and wolf ritualism became established at a time of increasing warfare and the appearance of Mississippians in the Fort Ancient region. Mississippians may have contributed to developing authority positions in individual villages that were coping with local population growth and in-migration of peoples within an increasingly hostile social landscape.
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Ojha, Aazad P., Gautam Sharma, and L. S. Rajpurohit. "Ecology and conservation of golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1559.
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At north-west of India there is dry, semi arid region called as The Great Indian Thar desert. It lies between 24o and 35o 5’ N latitude and 70o 7’ and 76o 2’ E. Mammals of Thar desert includes the wolf (Canis lupus), the stripped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), golden Jackal (Canis aureus), the Indian desert fox (Vulpes v. pusilla), wild bore (Susscrofaspc.), black buck (Antilo pecervicapra), blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), chinkara (Gazella benneti), Hanuman langur (Semenopithecus entellus) etc. Golden Jackal is unique in distribution, occurrence, and survives at different environmental conditions in India including the hot desert. Present study has been carried out at Phitkasni village, situated south-east of Jodhpur city. Large population of golden Jackal has observed and data of their homerange, territory, inter-specific relation, conflict with human and mortality has been studied. It is concluded that regular monitoring and proper conservation management is needed in this area so Jackal and other carnivore like wolf, desert fox and hyena can also be conserved.
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Hargrave, Claire Patricia. "Domestic dogs: the behavioural implications of social living. Part 2." Companion Animal 24, no. 10 (November 2, 2019): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0049.
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This article forms the second of a two-part series that considers how well the term ‘domestic dog’ can act as a predictor that the dog should experience no problems in co-existing with humans in domestic, family homes. The previous article took a brief look at the likely domestication process for the dog and suggested that free-roaming dogs (village, street or dump dogs) are better models for ‘natural’ canine behaviour, than that of the wolf. This article considers how well the dog's innate capacity for social flexibility with other dogs equips it for coping with social encounters with both dogs and humans in a complex human environment, and limitations in coping.
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Toth, Cory A., and Jesse R. Barber. "Lights, bats, and buildings: investigating the factors influencing roosting sites and habitat use by bats in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 41 (December 15, 2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5659.
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Bats are often useful bioindicators for ecosystem health and are disproportionately affected by sources of night light. Changes in bat behavior may manifest in two different ways: 1) some bats are light-exploiting and therefore attracted to areas with light sources, and 2) some are light-shy, traveling far out of their way to avoid lit areas. Grand Teton National Park provides an excellent natural system to study the effects of lights on bat behavior, as the park supports a large community of over a dozen species, as well as sizeable human infrastructure that generates night light. From June to August 2018 we used passive acoustic monitoring and radiotelemetry to study the activity and space use of bats in Colter Bay Village, specifically in the large parking lot at the center of the village and the adjacent naturally dark areas. We recorded 98,238 echolocation call sequences from 11 species, with the vast majority (~69,000) occurring in lit areas. Further, we recorded 4,665 location fixes from 32 tagged individuals from three species and, similarly, most location fixes (2,970) were in lit areas. All day roosts were found within buildings. We discuss the importance of these results and our work moving forward.
Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
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N., Konstantinov. "The Finds from the Destroyed Burial of the Pazyryk Culture in the Baragash Village (the Altai Republic)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 32, no. 4 (December 2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2020)4(32).-04.
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The paper presents the results of the study of finds originating from the destroyed burial in the village of Baragash (the Shebalino district, the Altai Republic), located in the upper reaches of the Peschanaya river. The burial was destroyed in 2015 during the digging of a trench for the water supply, which passed approximately through the center of the burial mound. During the inspection of the mound, the employees of the Agency for Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Altai Republic collected details of horse equipment, jewelry, household items and weapons. The burial contained bone arrowheads, a bead, plaques made of gold foil, bronze clips, a painted ceramic vessel, a whetstone, and a horn cheekpiece. Fragmentary information about the structural features of the destroyed object, as well as the analysis of items allows us to establish that the complex belongs to the Pazyryk culture of the Scythian time of Altai. The horn cheekpiece found in the burial, decorated with the heads of a wolf and a bird of prey, as well as bronze clips, make it possible to establish the attributing of the object to an early group of Pazyryk sites. The absolute dating of the complex can be tentatively established by the end of the 6th – 5th centuries BC.
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Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Babar Khan, Muhammad Saeed Awan, and Farida Begum. "Livestock depredation by large predators and its implications for conservation and livelihoods in the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan." Oryx 52, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001095.
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AbstractLivestock depredation has particular significance in pastoral societies across the Himalayas. The dynamics of depredation by the snow leopard Panthera uncia and wolf Canis lupus were investigated by means of household surveys in the Hushey Valley, in the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan. During 2008–2012 90% of the households in the valley lost livestock to snow leopards and wolves, accounting for 0.8 animals per household per year. The cost of depredation per household was equivalent to PKR 9,853 (USD 101), or 10% of the mean annual cash income. The majority (41%) of predation incidents occurred in summer pastures, predominantly at night in open spaces. Of the total number of predation incidents, 60% were attributed to snow leopards and 37% to wolves; in 3% of cases the predator was unknown. As an immediate response to predation the majority of the local people (64%, n = 99) opted to report the case to their Village Conservation Committee for compensation and only 1% preferred to kill the predator; 32% did not respond to predation incidents. The perceived causes of predation were poor guarding (77%), reduction in wild prey (13%), and livestock being the favourite food of predators (10%). The most preferred strategies for predator management, according to the respondents, were enhanced guarding of livestock (72%), followed by increasing the availability of wild prey (18%), and lethal control (10%). Livestock depredation causing economic loss may lead to retaliatory killing of threatened predators. For carnivore conservation and livestock security in this area we recommend improved livestock guarding through collective hiring of skilled shepherds and the use of guard dogs.
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Gulati, Sumeet, Krithi K. Karanth, Nguyet Anh Le, and Frederik Noack. "Human casualties are the dominant cost of human–wildlife conflict in India." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (February 16, 2021): e1921338118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921338118.
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Reducing the costs from human–wildlife conflict, mostly borne by marginal rural households, is a priority for conservation. We estimate the mean species-specific cost for households suffering damages from one of 15 major species of wildlife in India. Our data are from a survey of 5,196 households living near 11 wildlife reserves in India, and self-reported annual costs include crop and livestock losses and human casualties (injuries and death). By employing conservative estimates from the literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL), we find that costs from human casualties overwhelm crop and livestock damages for all species associated with fatalities. Farmers experiencing a negative interaction with an elephant over the last year incur damages on average that are 600 and 900 times those incurred by farmers with negative interactions with the next most costly herbivores: the pig and the nilgai. Similarly, farmers experiencing a negative interaction with a tiger over the last year incur damage that is on average 3 times that inflicted by a leopard and 100 times that from a wolf. These cost differences are largely driven by differences in the incidence of human death and casualties. Our estimate of costs fluctuates across reserves, mostly due to a variation of human casualties. Understanding the drivers of human casualties and reducing their incidence are crucial to reducing the costs from human–wildlife conflict.Most of the tales were about animals, for the Jungle was always at their door. The deer and the pig grubbed up their crops, and now and again the tiger carried off a man at twilight, within sight of the village gates. “Tiger! Tiger!” (Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, Collins Classics, 2010)
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MISHRA, CHARUDUTT. "Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: conflict perceptions and conservation prospects." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000441.
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Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.
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Pettet, Madeline, and Elizabeth Ellison. "The post-villain: Ambiguous villain meets comic relief in Teen Wolf." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc.8.1.41_1.
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Khan, Xiaofeng, Ahmad, Mannan, Khan, Khan, Khan, et al. "Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100787.
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Pastoralist–wolf conflict over livestock depredation is the main factor affecting conservation of grey wolf worldwide. Very limited research has been carried out to evaluate the pattern and nature of livestock depredation by wolf. This study aims to determine the status and nature of human–wolf conflict across different villages in the Hind Kush region of Pakistan during the period January 2016–December 2016. For this purpose, a total of 110 local male respondents from all walks of life were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The grey wolf was declared as a common species in the area by 51.3% of the locals with an annual sighting rate of 0.46 each. During the year (2016), a total of 358 livestock were lost to grey wolf predation and disease. Of the total livestock loss, grey wolf was held responsible for a total 101 livestock losses. Goat and sheep were the most vulnerable prey species as they accounted for 80 (79.2%) of the total reported depredations. Out of the total economic loss (USD 46,736, USD 424.87/household), grey wolf was accountable for USD 11,910 (USD 108.27 per household), while disease contributed 34,826 (USD 316.6 per household). High depredation was observed during the summer season 58.42% (n = 59) followed by spring and autumn. Unattended livestock were more prone to grey wolf attack during free grazing in forests. Most of the respondents (75.45%) showed aggressive and negative attitudes towards grey wolf. The herders shared more negative attitude (z = −3.21, p = 0.001) than businessman towards the species. Herders having larger herd size displayed more deleterious behavior towards wolves than those having smaller herd size. Active herding techniques, vaccinating livestock, educating locals about wildlife importance, and initiating compensating schemes for affected families could be helpful to decrease negative perceptions.
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Laze, Kuenda. "Identifying habitat use of Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx martinoi and Canis lupus lupus in Albanian forests using occupancy modelling." Hacquetia 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2020-0007.
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AbstractForests are the principal terrestrial ecosystem for protected and endangered large carnivores, providing the main habitat for species maintenance and survival. Changes in forest cover influence species distribution. The aim was (1) to test hypotheses on the natural environmental (abiotic) and biological (biotic) factors and human disturbances that determine the colonization and local extinction of three large carnivore species in relation to forest cover, (2) to infer the biotic interactions between these three large carnivore species occupying the same forested areas in Albania. Colonization is estimated to be positively affected by forest cover for brown bear, Balkan lynx and grey wolf. Brown bear and grey wolf tend to compete for the same forested areas. Local extinction increased with decreasing forest cover for brown bear and increased with decreasing mixed broadleaved forests for Balkan lynx. Anthropological variables (proximity to villages and to neighbourhood roads) increased local extinction for brown bear, grey wolf and Balkan lynx. Further studies are recommended for better understanding biotic interactions of large carnivore species in forest habitats in Albania and its neighbouring countries, which could contribute to conservation of large carnivore species on a large scale.
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Strathern, Marilyn. "Gendered Fields: Women, Men and Ethnography. Diane Bell , Pat Caplan , Wazir Jahan KarimBetween Culture and Fantasy: A New Guinea Highlands Mythology. Gillian GillisonWhat This Awl Means: Feminist Archaeology at a Wahpeton Dakota Village. Janet D. SpectorA Thrice Told Tale: Feminism, Postmodernism and Ethnographic Responsibility. Margery Wolf." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 21, no. 1 (October 1995): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495046.
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SEARING, JAMES F. "‘NO KINGS, NO LORDS, NO SLAVES’: ETHNICITY AND RELIGION AMONG THE SEREER-SAFÈN OF WESTERN BAWOL, 1700–1914." Journal of African History 43, no. 3 (November 2002): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008162.
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The Sereer-Safèn occupied a defensible refuge zone in Western Bawol, where forests and sandstone ridges provided protection against Wolof monarchy. The Safèn were part of a larger ‘Sereer’ world that defined itself by opposition to Islam in the period from 1700 to 1914. This religious divide made the Sereer targets for enslavement by the Wolof, but Sereer religion was also linked to Safèn resistance to Islam, slavery and monarchy. Religion was interwoven with an ethnic boundary, which emphasized the incompatibility of Wolof and Sereer society. Safèn religion was centered on the village ‘shrine’ or xérém, which served as the focal point of ritual, justice, communication with the other world and defense.
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SEARING, JAMES F. "CONVERSION TO ISLAM: MILITARY RECRUITMENT AND GENERATIONAL CONFLICT IN A SEREER-SAFÈN VILLAGE (BANDIA), 1920–38." Journal of African History 44, no. 1 (March 2003): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008174.
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The Sereer-Safèn are a minority population in a predominantly Wolof and Muslim region. During the colonial period the Safèn were ruled by Wolof chiefs, who treated them as a conquered population. Until the First World War, Safèn resistance was based on preserving a separate religious and ethnic identity, symbolized by the village shrine and matrilineal descent. Conversion to Islam had its roots in the crisis created by military recruitment. When the Safèn were forced to give soldiers to the French, ‘maternal uncles’ used their authority over their ‘nephews’ to recruit soldiers. Today this act is remembered as a ‘betrayal’ that called into question the legitimacy of the matrilineal system of labor and inheritance. Conversion to Islam has been studied by focusing on long-term Islamization rather than the moment of conversion. Oral testimony from converts emphasizes changes in behavior, funeral rites, inheritance and patterns of labor and power in the village community.
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Theuerkauf, Jörn, Sophie Rouys, and Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski. "Selection of den, rendezvous, and resting sites by wolves in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-190.
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We studied wolf (Canis lupus) selection of 19 den, 10 rendezvous, and 31 resting sites found between 1986 and 2000 in the Bialowieza Forest (Poland). Our objective was to determine whether wolves selected sites far from villages, forest edges, and roads, and whether these sites had dense ground cover for concealment. We also tested whether wolves selected a particular forest type for their den sites. Den and rendezvous sites were located at greater distances from villages, forest edges, and intensively used roads than random points. Locations of resting sites were not affected by these manmade structures. Wolves selected dry coniferous forests for den sites but also used other forest types. We concluded that the suitability of an area for pup raising depended mainly on the spatial distribution of forest, human settlements, and public roads, and to a lesser extent on habitat characteristics.
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RAUSCH, R. L. "Cystic echinococcosis in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic." Parasitology 127, S1 (October 2003): S73—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003003664.
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The northern biotype of Echinococcus granulosus occurs throughout the holarctic zones of tundra and taiga, from eastern Fennoscandia to the Bering Strait in Eurasia and in North America from arctic Alaska approximately to the northern border of the United States. The cycle of the cestode is complex in taiga at lower latitudes, because of the greater diversity of potential hosts. In the Arctic and Subarctic, however, four patterns of predator/prey relationships may be discerned. Two natural cycles involve the wolf and wild reindeer and the wolf and elk (moose), respectively. Where deer of the two species coexist, both are prey of the wolf; the interactions of the wolf and elk are here described on the basis of long-term observations made on Isle Royale (in Lake Superior near the southern limit of taiga), where only the wolf and elk serve as hosts for E. granulosus. A synanthropic cycle involving herding-dogs and domesticated reindeer caused hyperendemicity of cystic echinococcosis in arctic Eurasia, mainly in northeastern Siberia. The 4th pattern, a semi-synanthropic cycle, formerly existed in Alaska, wherein sled-dogs of the indigenous hunters became infected by consuming the lungs of wild reindeer. The sequence of changes in life-style inherent in the process of acculturation affected the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis among nomadic Iñupiat in arctic Alaska. When those people became sedentary, the environs of their early villages soon became severely contaminated by faeces of dogs, and cases of cystic echinococcosis occurred. Compared to cystic echinococcosis caused by E. granulosus adapted to synanthropic hosts (dog and domestic ungulates), the infection produced by the northern biotype is relatively benign. Nearly all diagnosed cases of cystic echinococcosis (>300) in Alaska have occurred in indigenous people; only one fatality has been recorded (in a non-indigenous person). After sled-dogs were replaced by machines, cases have become rare in Alaska. A similar effect has been observed in Fennoscandia, in the Saami and domesticated reindeer. Recent records indicate that the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis is increasing in Russia, suggesting that dogs are used there in herding.
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Habibzadeh, Nader. "Key determinants of human-wolf conflict in Shabestar county’s villages of East Azerbaijan province, Iran." European Journal of Wildlife Research 62, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-016-0993-1.
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Xun, Zhipeng, Gang Tang, Kui Han, Hui Xia, Dapeng Hao, Xiquan Yang, and Wei Zhou. "Extensive numerical study of the anomalous dynamic scaling of the Wolf–Villain model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 389, no. 11 (June 2010): 2189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2010.01.051.
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Chen, Yuling, Gang Tang, Kui Han, Hui Xia, Dapeng Hao, Zhipeng Xun, and Rongji Wen. "Conformal Invariance of Isoheight Lines of the (2+1)-Dimensional Wolf-Villain Surfaces." Journal of Statistical Physics 143, no. 3 (April 2, 2011): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-011-0187-x.
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Afrougheh, Shahram, and Atefeh Lieaghat. "The Adaption of Grice’s Maxims in Wole Soyinka’s Discourse in The Strong Breed." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 20, no. 4 (December 2017): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2017.20.4.47.
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This study tries to find the adoption of Grice’s Maxims in Soyinka's discourse in The Strong Breed (1962). In addition to, it seeks to find in which mutual conversations of all parts of drama the writer obeys Grice’s principles. Soyinka in this drama depicts how ritual and superstitious beliefs cover the social life.In Yoruba the village where the events occur; the villagers believe that before each New Year one strong and strange person should sacrify to purify the society for arriving in New Year.This idea conveys among the characters by reciprocal conversation. Since this play focuses on the real social issue,this paper attempts to concentrate on the conversations in order to find in which dialogues the writer adapted discourses of his characters by Grice’s Maxims (Quality, Quantity, Relation, Manner). Regarding theses principles,centre on discourses's principles this research tries to find the characteristics of these Maxims. As a matter of fact, Maxim of Quantity centres on an equal amount of words which convey the idea in aproper way. In Maxim of Quality Grice concentrates on thetruth that the dialoguess hould be taken correctly and truly.To Grice another principle is Maxim of Relation with regard to the relationship between the subject and content. Besides, Maxim of Manner converges on four avoidances; to mention a few, obscurity, ambiguity, briefly and orderly. With reference to these principles this research attempts to apply these Maxims on The Strong Breed in order to find adoption of reciprocal conversations by Soyinka. Regarding it tries to look for the dialogues which obey Grice’s Maxims.
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HASELWANDTER, CHRISTOPH A., and DIMITRI D. VVEDENSKY. "MULTISCALE THEORY OF FLUCTUATING INTERFACES: RENORMALIZATION AND SELF-ORGANIZATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 23n24 (September 30, 2007): 4151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207045335.
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A general procedure is presented for the multiscale analysis of atomistic models of fluctuating interfaces driven by the deposition of new material. Beginning with a lattice Langevin formulation of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we derive stochastic partial differential equations by regularizing the atomistic transition rules. Subsequent coarse-graining is accomplished by calculating renormalization-group trajectories from initial conditions determined by the regularized equations. We apply this methodology to the Wolf–Villain model of relaxation upon deposition and to a model for the self-organization of heteroepitaxial nanostructures.
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Ulfiasari, S., and S. D. Ratri. "LiDAR application of intertidal coastal zoning for aquaculture in Wolo Village, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 500 (July 4, 2020): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/500/1/012030.
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Przegon, Wojciech, Roman Rybicki, Radomir Obroślak, Justyna Gabryszuk, and Żanna Król. "THE CONCEPT OF PHYTOMELIORATION OF OPEN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE ON EXAMPLE OF WOLA IDZIKOWSKA VILLAGE." Journal of Ecological Engineering 17, no. 2 (2016): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/62314.
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Lease, Bryce. "Ethnic Identity and Anti-Semitism: Tadeusz Słobodzianek Stages the Polish Taboo." TDR/The Drama Review 56, no. 2 (June 2012): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00168.
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Tadeusz Słobodzianek's play, Our Class, addresses the 1941 massacre in the village of Jedwabne, Poland, where an estimated 1,600 local Jews were rounded up by their neighbors, locked inside a barn, and burned to death. First staged in London at the Royal National Theatre in 2009, and later remounted at Teatr na Woli in Warsaw, the play investigates the relationship between anti-Semitism and Polish national identity, exploring how theatre can shape our understanding of history.
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Park, K., B. Kahng, and S. S. Kim. "Surface dynamics of the Wolf-Villain model for epitaxial growth in 1 + 1 dimensions." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 210, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(94)00094-8.
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Reverberi, A. P., and E. Scalas. "Surface Selective Deconstruction." Fractals 05, no. 03 (September 1997): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x97000322.
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Two toy models for surface and interface disaggregation are introduced and some considerations on their relevance for real physico-chemical processes are presented. The models are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations in 1+1 dimensions and the scaling laws of the interface width w(L, t) are determined. In both cases, the scaling is in agreement with that obtained from the fourth order linear Langevin equations. The result is discussed in relation to another microscopic disaggregation model and to the microscopic growth model of Wolf and Villain.
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Getman, V. "NATIONAL PARK “VERKHOVYNSKYI”: THE NATURAL AND HISTORIC VALUES CULTURED." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 73 (2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.73.9.
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The basis for preserving ecological balance and rational use of natural landscapes is the formation of a system of protected areas and objects. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, on the large areas naturally develop radical forests (virgin forests), the habitats of the bear, wolf, and many rare species of plants are preserved. Thus, the natural ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine are the most represented. The consequence of increasingly global anthropogenic influence became a global phenomenon of fragmentation (decomposition) of the natural landscapes. One of relatively preserved natural variety is the areas of the national park “Verkhovynskyi”. The National Park “Verkhovynskyi” is a very important centre of the natural and cultural diversity of Ukraine. The main representative of the flora in the region is spruce common. Shrubberies on the territory of the Chyvchyn Mountains are represented by thickets of mountain pine. The biological value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is largely determined by the uniqueness of the high-altitude spruce forests. In the park, the animal world is rich and varied. Its biological uniqueness of its territory is largely determined by local landscape diversity. The landscape structure of the park area is the result of long-term interaction of the main landscape-factor factors: geological-geomorphological, hydro-climatic and biotic. The leading role belongs to the geological and geomorphological properties of the territory, which determine the climatic characteristics, the regime of humidification, distribution of biota and soil cover. The dominant position in the structure of landscapes is the high-altitude terrain of the steep-sloping erosion-denudation forest middle mountains. In contact with the Peneplainized highlands, the area has an island distribution in the form of mid-mountain spurs of the main ridge. Characteristic are tracts of convex crests of spurs, saddles and steep slopes. The historical and cultural value of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” district is based on the rich events of the history of the region. The territory of Verkhovyna district is the heart of Hutsulshchyna, and its centre is the village Verkhovyna. The successful operation of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” will be a major impetus for the tourist development of the Verkhovyna district. The orientation of the national natural park for the development of recreational activities will increase the number of tourists, will create additional demand for accommodation and food services that will be provided by the local population. Development of the tourism infrastructure of the park will give an impetus to the restoration and full functioning of the former and the creation of new settlements. Particular attention should be paid to laying the network of roads and tourist routes and their improvement. The scientific value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is high, which lies in the unique ability to study local natural ecosystems that are very close to natural or reference. The article analyzes in detail the natural peculiarity of the national park, and, to the extent possible volume of the article – unusually rich landscape and recreational resources (in particular, humanistic, historical, cultural, etc.) of its territory.
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Anugrah, Tanti, Musadia Afa, and Yolanda Fitria Syahri. "The Effect of NPK-Zeo Fertilizer on Growth and Production of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Iwoimopuro Village, Kolaka District." Agrotech Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/atj.v2i1.937.
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The Effect of NPK-Zeo Fertilizer on Growth and Production of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Iwoimopuro Village, Kolaka District. This research aimed to determine the effect of liquid fertilizer NPK-ZEO growth and result of cucumbers. This research has taken place in the village Iwoimopuro, District Wolo, Kolaka District. This research is compiled using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Obser rations were made on plant height, leaf number, age of the plant begins to flower, age of the plant begins to bear fruit, fruit number and fruit weight. The data were processed using the Finger Print Car List (Anova) followed by Least Significant Difference Test (LSD). The results showed that administration of NPK-ZEO significant effect on plant height, leaf number, age of the plant begins to flower, age of the plant begins to bear fruit, fruit number and fruit weight
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Bernat, Magdalena. "Three Lives of a Cemetery: the History of a Military Cemetery in the Village of Marcinowa Wola in Masuria." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica, no. 34 (December 30, 2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6034.34.06.
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Marcinowa Wola is a typical locality in Masuria (northern Poland), where a nearly total exchange of citizens took place after WW2. Polish and Ukrainian people coming here after the war had to deal with the sense of strangeness connected with the German presence in the near past. One of the ways of overcoming that impression was appropriation of their surroundings – an act of adapting the cultural landscape to their needs. A very vivid example of this process is the cemetery from the Great War located in Marcinowa Wola. The perception of this place among the local inhabitants changed dramatically over the years. Although it is located in the centre of the village, the cemetery was out of the social life during the first years after the war. As it was not treated as a sacred place any more, it was eroding and overgrowing for years. Everything changed in the 1970s, when the next generation became adolescent. Young people started to use the cemetery as their meeting place and in this way they adapted it to a new, completely different role. However, when the youth grew up, the place was once again forgotten for some time, and only recently did the inhabitants see its value as a cemetery, however, not in sacred but historical terms. It can be assumed that it was assimilated as an element of their own heritage, which means that the process of appropriation has been completed.
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Chen, Yili, Gang Tang, Zhipeng Xun, Lei Zhu, and Zhe Zhang. "Schramm–Loewner evolution theory of the asymptotic behaviors of (2+1)-dimensional Wolf–Villain model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 465 (January 2017): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.08.057.
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Huang, Zhi-Feng, and Bing-Lin Gu. "Growth equations for the Wolf-Villain and Das Sarma-Tamborenea models of molecular-beam epitaxy." Physical Review E 54, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 5935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.54.5935.
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SÁNCHEZ, J. R., D. A. MIRABELLA, and C. M. ALDAO. "GROWTH EQUATIONS, DISCRETE MODELS AND MBE EXPERIMENTS." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 05n06 (October 2002): 1803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02004530.
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The question of the validity of the scaling ansatz in discrete deposition models and their connection with the scaling exponents of continuum differential equations is addressed. We specifically focus on the scaling properties of the Wolf–Villain type models and, as an extension of this model, on the influence of attractive and repulsive interactions up to second neighbors on the scaling relation. As an example of technological relevance, we present the evolution of steps in the vicinal (100) surface of Si during deposition at relatively low temperatures. We have found that, in general, one should not expect that discrete models, as well as real crystals, exhibit scaling.
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Costa, B. S., J. A. R. Euzébio, and F. D. A. Aarão Reis. "Finite-size effects on the growth models of Das Sarma and Tamborenea and Wolf and Villain." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 328, no. 1-2 (October 2003): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00581-8.
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Dangol, Rita. "Contribution of Gender on Academic Self-Concept among Adolescents of Children Villages, Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v6i2.22803.
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Academic self-concept is the crucial part of the educational adjustments of adolescents. Thus this paper aims to assess the academic self-concept via gender of adolescents. For this purpose, researcher employed the post positivist philosophy with cross sectional survey design. The data was gathered through self-administered questionnaire from the 74 adolescents. This numbers of adolescent were randomly assigned from 95 adolescents according to the Wolff and Pant’s guidelines. After this, the researcher adopted both descriptive and Chi square test to analyze the results. This study revealed that the adolescents’ exhibit the elevated level of academic self-concept where their peer groups, teachers, school and families also make contribution. Likewise, gender makes significant effects in academic self-concept and exam results among adolescent. Finally, the academic self-concept makes sure about the well educational adjustment among adolescents and further promotes their successful career in near future.
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Rangdee, Rachan, and Patcha Chatraphorn. "Effects of the Ehrlich–Schwoebel potential barrier on the Wolf–Villain model simulations for thin film growth." Surface Science 600, no. 4 (February 2006): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2005.12.021.
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Xun, Zhipeng, Gang Tang, Kui Han, Hui Xia, Dapeng Hao, Yuling Chen, and Rongji Wen. "Mound morphology of the 2+1 -dimensional Wolf–Villain model caused by the step-edge diffusion effect." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 389, no. 24 (December 2010): 5635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2010.08.047.
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Šmilauer, Pavel, and Miroslav Kotrla. "Crossover effects in the Wolf-Villain model of epitaxial growth in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions." Physical Review B 49, no. 8 (February 15, 1994): 5769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.5769.
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Amiruddin, Iswadi, Hasniati Hasniati, and Muhammad Yunus. "Evaluasi Konteks Dalam Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pt. Ceria Nugraha Indotama Di Kecamatan Wolo Kabupaten Kolaka." Kolaborasi : Jurnal Administrasi Publik 6, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/kjap.v6i3.4299.
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The research objective was to determine the context evaluation in the community empowerment program of PT. Ceria Nugraha Indotama In Wolo District, Kolaka Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The research was conducted at the PT. Cheers Nugraha Indotama. The research informants were the CSR / PPM Manager, CSR / PPM Consultants, the person in charge of each CSR / PPM field of PT. Cheers Nugraha Indotama. The results showed that the evaluation of the context in the community empowerment program of PT. Ceria Nugraha Indotama In Wolo District, Kolaka Regency on the aspect of the organization of the PT. Ceria Nugraha Indotama has committed both to the provincial government, district government, sub-district government and village heads to carry out the company's obligations, namely the CSR / PPM program to the community, but in the aspect of social mapping / social mapping, the company has identified the needs of the community but it has not been maximized because it seems lack of programs that touch and empower people to improve their lives so that more attention and programs are needed. The suggestion in this research is the need for in-depth social mapping from the team in charge of the company so that the community is able to feel the benefits of its presence.Keywords: Evaluation, context, community empowerment program
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Flachs, Andrew. "Redefining success: the political ecology of genetically modified and organic cotton as solutions to agrarian crisis." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20179.
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The transnational spread of law and technology in Indian agricultural development has passed through three distinct phases since the mid-19th century. In each case, a narrative of agrarian crisis allowed for new state and corporate interventions, conceived by American and British agribusiness, within the existing logics of Indian smallholder agriculture. These begun with colonial British industrial cotton projects in the 1840s, continuing with Green Revolution agriculture, and on contemporary GM and organic cotton farms. In each case, farmers developed strategies through a frictive, contentious adoption of new technologies and built new avenues to success that worked for some farmers and failed for others. In this article I draw on ethnographic fieldwork and household surveys conducted in nine villages from 2012-2014 in Telangana, India. As with previous development initiatives, the US-born legal structures that defined high-tech GM and low-tech organic agriculture were adopted in India without major changes. I argue, however that their actual implementation by farmers has required a significant shift in the ways that people manage the agricultural economy.Keywords: Genetically Modified crops, organic agriculture, development, South India This paper was winner of the Eric Wolf Prize, Political Ecology Society, 2015.
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WEBER, Ann M., Virginia A. MARCHMAN, Yatma DIOP, and Anne FERNALD. "Validity of caregiver-report measures of language skill for Wolof-learning infants and toddlers living in rural African villages." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 4 (March 9, 2018): 939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000605.
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AbstractValid indigenous language assessments are needed to further our understanding of how children learn language around the world. We assessed the psychometric properties and performance of two caregiver-report measures of Wolof language skill (language milestones achieved and vocabulary knowledge) for 500 children (ages 0;4 to 2;6) living in rural Senegal. Item response models (IRM) evaluated instrument- and item-level performance and differential function by gender. Both caregiver-report measures had good psychometric properties and displayed expected age and socioeconomic effects. Modest concurrent validity was found by comparing the caregiver-report scores to transcribed child language samples from a naturalistic play session. The caregiver-report method offers a valid alternative to more costly tools, such as direct behavioral assessments or language sampling, for measuring early language development in non-literate, rural African communities. Recommendations are made to further improve the performance of caregiver-report measures of child language skill in these settings.
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Perry, Donna. "Rural weekly markets and the dynamics of time, space and community in Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 3 (September 2000): 461–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00003426.
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This article examines reciprocal relations among Wolof small farmers in Senegal after the emergence of rural weekly markets (loumas) and the implementation of neoliberal policies in the 1980s. Contrary to the notion that markets are a force of social dissolution, new trading practices and free market policies have not weakened community relations among small farmer neighbours and kin. Rather, the spatial and temporal patterning of loumas has served to strengthen intra-community bonds. Farmers have, since the formation of loumas, limited their travel beyond their home zones. While at loumas they interact avidly with extralocal merchants, they have not allowed outsiders to settle permanently in local villages. Furthermore, because loumas occur only once a week, farmers continue to benefit from daily, multiplex interactions with one another. After analysing the spatial and temporal organisation of loumas, this article looks at specific examples of small farmers augmenting their economic security during a period of economic restructuration by innovating new modes of reciprocal exchange with one another.
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Laudando, Carmela Maria. "The Risky In-betweenness of Performing Audiences." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 26 (November 15, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2013.26.04.
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The paper focuses on the powerful interrogation of the audience’s agency as staged in two very different works that, despite their distance in terms of genre and cultural milieu, both call into question essentially normative notions of gender and nation: Between the Acts (1941) by Virginia Woolf and England (2007) by Tim Crouch. In Woolf’s last novel, the process of writing and reading ambiguously frames the fragmentary staging of an eccentric village pageant on Englishness and its literary heritage. Indeed, the equivocal mise en scène of characters as readers/actors/spectators in the crucial ‘interval’ between the two world wars lends itself well to an inter-disciplinary investigation of the critical predicament underlying those slippery and delusive participatory claims. Crouch’s acclaimed piece England is instead strategically positioned at the intersection of multiple ‘ways of seeing’ and multiple ‘ways of doing things with words’ by conflating the ‘site specifics’ of visual arts with the ‘empty space’ of theatrical experience. As such it urges the audience to ‘see’ the dubious ties between local, ‘g/local’, and globalised spaces and thus to face the invisible national, sexual and socio-normative ‘scripts’ that condition their responses at large.
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Szybkowski, Sobiesław. "Genealogia pierwszych pokoleń Działyńskich." Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza, no. 23 (December 17, 2019): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sds.2019.23.13.
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In this paper, the author succeeded in correcting specific assertions of particular researchers of the genealogy of the first generations of the Działyński family of the Ogon coat of arms, which in the late Middle Ages became one of the magnate families and maintained its high position in the modern times as well (i.a., the issue of the alleged wife of Chamberlain Piotr of Działyń, the background of the wife of the Słońsk castellan Jan Działyński of Wola and Żałe). The most significant achievement, however, was the correction regarding the genealogy of Mikołaj Działyński, who died in 1491 – the first representative of the family who became a provincial governor and was the forefather of its main line. According to the conducted research, he was most likely not the son of the family’s progenitor, the Dobrzyń chamberlain Piotr (died in 1441–1441), but his grandson. as the father of the provincial governor Mikołaj we identify Mikołaj of Działyń, noted in source texts only once (1442), 22 years before his son’s activity was first recorded in any documents. The Marienburg treasurer (podskarbi) Krzysztof, who also used the Ogon coat of arms, was not, however, as was suggested before, part of the Działyński family; he probably came from an average noble family of the owners (tenutarius?) of the Celina village in the Dobrzyń land.
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Tarr, Clayton Carlyle. "ABNORMAL NARRATIVES: DISABILITY AND OMNISCIENCE IN THE VICTORIAN NOVEL." Victorian Literature and Culture 45, no. 3 (August 25, 2017): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150317000110.
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In Charlotte Brontë’sVillette (1853), Lucy Snowe is tasked to deliver a “little basket” to the mysterious shut-in Madame Walravens (396; ch. 34). After crossing an “inhospitable threshold” (398) that leads to an “inhospitable salon” (400), Lucy is told to wait for the lady of the house, who will serve as both grandmother and wolf in this Red Riding Hood revision. Caught in a dreamlike, “fairy tale” trance, Lucy focuses her attention on a curious picture, which “give[s] way” to expose an arched doorway and a winding staircase. The tapestry momentarily displaced, Lucy hears the taps of a walking-stick, and then spies a “substance” that eventually materializes into the distinct form of Madame Walravens: “She might be three feet high, but she had no shape. . .. Her face was large, set, not upon her shoulders, but before her breast; she seemed to have no neck.” Lucy proceeds to call her host “[h]unchbacked,” and “dwarfish” — a “barbarian queen,” an “uncouth thing,” and an “old witch of a grand-dame” (399–402; ch. 34), who is as “hideous as a Hindoo idol” (473; ch. 39). Most important, Lucy notes the “violence of a temper which deformity made sometimes demoniac” (403; ch. 34). Madame Walravens's physical abnormalities make her not just the villain of a fairy tale, but a supernatural terror. Lucy may only confront the reality of disability by transforming it into a “tale of magic” (399; ch. 34) — one that she escapes by re-crossing the “inhospitable threshold.”
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N.O., Likhomanova. "THE FAMILY NARRATIVE IN THE NOVEL “BUKOVA ZEMLYA” [BEECH LAND] BY MARIYA MATIOS." South archive (philological sciences), no. 84 (December 23, 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2020-84-6.
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The purpose of the research is to define “family narrative” term; to analyze its structure as well as typological features in “Bukova Zemlya” [Beech Land]. Panorama-novel covering 225 years” by M. Matios published in 2019.Methods have been designed in compliance with the key principles of narratology (particularly, works by Roland Barthes, Gérard Genette, Yury Lotman, Vladimir Propp, Wolf Schmid, etc), the inter-relation of narration types as well as the implemented forms of memory’s reproduction.Results. The author of the research has suggested a definition of “family narrative” term as a form of transformation of cultural, historical and communicative memory. The author has identified and analyzed its structure, key functions, typological and individual features using “Bukova Zemlya” novel by M. Matios. The text of the novel is built as a linear narrative of four families during 225 years in XVIII-XX centuries at the territory of Bukovyna (currently, in the South-West of Ukraine). According to G. Genette’s typology, the impartiality of the story is achieved via conducting a narration on behalf of a heterodiegetic narrator in an extradiegetic situation. Combination of a family and a historical narratives is typologically manifested through detailed descriptions of ancestry trees; family stories; ethnography-styled descriptions of customs and every-day living of Hutsuls [an ethnic group living in Caprathian mountains of Ukraine or nearby]. The author also mentions well-known historical figures, uses testimonies of the individuals who lived in those times found in archive sources on the First World War, protests, rallies and riots in 1918; describes the events of the Second World War, anti-Soviet Resistance in Bukovyna and finishes the novel with the events of the War in Donbas in 2014. Following the classification approach by G. Genette, M. Matios applies an internal focalization of a plural type. In particular, the views of the various characters are presented from the perspective of a heterodiegenetic narrator. For example, one of the novel’s chapters describes a cross-cutting theme of war simultaneously both as viewed by a peasant, Dariy Berehovchuk, and by an ambassador, Nikolay Vasylko. The family narrative includes specific typology features as “sine qua non” components of the plot: birth, marriage, re-location (home/village/city/home country), hardships (diseases, famines, the Holocaust, wars), death. The author’s specific elements of her view upon the family narrative include the themes of Land, the God and belief, Language, Ethnicity (including the topic of multiple ethnic groups living in Bukovyna). The novel also has such popular elements for a family narrative as images of twins (or twin strangers) and some borrowed traditional features of folk epic tales: cases of “magical recognition” and “magical prophecy” for a future of a kin.Conclusions. The family narrative of M. Matios’ novel includes both typology and individual features. It is built in compliance with the structure of the internal focalization of plural type. The narration is presented as conducted by a heterodiegentic narrator in a extradiegenetic situation. Hence, an impartiality of a narration and a subjectivity of a discourse in present time provides for realization of “I”-presence of a reader and avoiding idealization and mythologization of a family narrative, which are quite traditional for it.Key words: narration, heterodiegenetic narrator, historical narrative, cultural memory, communicative memory. Мета – визначити поняття «родинний наратив», проаналізувати його структуру та типологічні ознаки у творі М. Матіос «Букова земля. Роман-панорама завдовжки у 225 років» (2019).Методи дослідження формуються відповідно до основних положень наратології (праці Р. Барта, Ж. Женетта, Ю. Лотмана, В. Проппа, В. Шміда та ін.), взаємозв’язку типу нарації і втілених форм репродукції пам’яті.Результати. У процесі дослідження було запропоновано дефініцію поняття «родинний наратив» як форми трансформації культурної, історичної та комунікативної пам’яті. Визначено та проаналізовано його структуру, основні функції, типологічні та індивідуальні ознаки на прикладі роману М. Матіос «Букова земля». Зазначено, що текст побудований у формі лінійного наративу історії чотирьох родів протягом 225 років на території Буковини XVIII–XXI століть. Об’єктивність викладу досяга-ється, за типологією Ж. Женетта, завдяки нарації від імені гетеродієгетичного наратора в екстрадієгетичній ситуації. Типо-логічною ознакою є поєднання родинного та історичного наративів, що демонструється через детальний опис родоводів, сімейних історій, етнографічного опису побуту та звичаїв гуцулів, згадок про відомих осіб, використання свідчень сучасників з архівних джерел подій Першої світової війни, протестів, мітингів і заворушень 1918 р., подій Другої світової війни, істо-рії антирадянського опору на Буковині та завершення оповіді роману подіями війни на Донбасі у 2014 р. За класифікацією Ж. Женетта, в романі використано внутрішню фокалізацію множинного типу, а саме подаються погляди різних персонажів із точки зору гетеродієгетичного наратора. Наприклад, наскрізна тема війни в одному з епізодів роману одночасно описується з погляду селянина Дарія Береговчука і посла Николая Василька. Типологічними ознаками родинного наративу є і неодмінні складники сюжету: народження, одруження, зміна місця (дому/села/міста/батьківщини), випробування (хвороби, голод, голо-кост, війна), смерть. Виразними елементами авторського погляду на родинний наратив стали теми землі, Бога і віри, мови, національності (зокрема, і тема багатонаціональної буковинської землі). У романі присутні і такі поширені елементи родин-ного наративу, як образи близнюків (або двійників), а також запозичені усталені ознаки сюжетів народного епосу – епізоди чарівного упізнання і магічного передбачення майбутнього роду.Висновки. Родинний наратив роману М. Матіос містить типологічні та індивідуальні ознаки, формується відповідно до структури внутрішньої фокалізації множинного типу. Нарація подається у викладі гетеродієгетичного наратора в екстрадієге-тичній ситуації. Таким чином, об’єктивність оповіді та суб’єктивність дискурсу теперішнього часу дає змогу втілитися ефекту «я»-присутності читача та уникнути традиційної для родинного наративу ідеалізації та міфологізації.Ключові слова: нарація, гетеродієгетичний наратор, історичний наратив, культурна пам’ять, історична пам’ять, комуні-кативна пам’ять.
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Ahmad, O. "Assessment of human-carnivore conflict in Chitral, Pakistan." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (December 10, 2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_258.
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Human-carnivore conflict is considered to be a major conservation and livelihood issue (Dar et al., 2009). The present study was conducted to assessed human carnivores’ conflict, its causes, severity and recommending conflict mitigation suggestions. Conflict in the study area was assessed through interview questionnaire, focus group discussions, pasture’s visits and observations. Results showed that 19% respondents had experienced conflict with carnivores. Carnivores depredation on livestock and poultry was the main cause of conflict. Wolves and Foxes are among most blamed carnivores in the study area. Last seven years depredation cases indicated that wolfs are the most destructive and lethal predator of livestock among all. In the pastures wolfs contributed 90% of the total damage. While In the adjacent village’s foxes contributed 73% of the total poultry depredation cases. No records of snow leopard depredation cases were found in the last 7 years. Depredation cases of lynx and jackal were very few. Most of the livestock depredation reported during the summer months from May to September while most of poultry depredation w0ere reported during the winter months from September to March. Respondents revealed that no compensation had given to the affected households, not from the responsible authorities nor from NGOs, that’s why their perception towards carnivore is not good. Of the total 28% recommended killing of carnivores, 22% were in favor of paying compensation for losses to affect. While few recommended improving of sheds/corals, employee youth as a guard, understand carnivore’s habitat to reduce conflict. Results indicates that human carnivore conflict is intense in the area. However, it could be reduced by multi-prolonged conservation programs includes compensation, insurance programs, awareness creation and Improving the livestock and poultry Corals/Sheds. Introducing trophy hunting in the area can also play a vital role in mitigating conflict. The money generated from hunting can be utilized for losses compensation and developmental purposes in the area.
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Fall, Ramatoulaye, Mady Cisse, Fallou Sarr, Catherine Brabet, and Eliasse Dieme. "Pratiques culturales et gestion post-récolte du sorgho au Sénégal." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 1001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.27.
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La non maîtrise ou l’ignorance des bonnes pratiques de stockage ou de conservation conduit souvent à des pertes des récoltes en Afrique. Ces dernières peuvent entrainer l’insécurité alimentaire qui est toujours une réalité en Afrique. Ceci illustre que les pratiques culturales et surtout la conservation post-récolte des céréales principaux aliments de base des populations, demeurent un problème majeur en Afrique. Une enquête a été réalisée au Sénégal dans les régions de Tambacounda et de Thiès pour étudier les pratiques culturales des producteurs de sorgho et caractériser la gestion post-récolte dans les zones de production. L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 384 producteurs de sorgho issus de 44 villages. Les zones ont été choisies suivant leur niveau de production et de pluviométrie. La taille de l’échantillon a été déterminée en utilisant l’approximation normale de la loi binomiale. Les résultats ont montré que dans chacune des régions, la proportion d’agriculteur masculin est de 97% et les ethnies dominantes sont les sérères (86%) à Thiès, les peuls et les wolofs (47% et 21%) à Tambacounda. Les semences provenaient principalement de la récolte précédente (10 à 76%) des cas et des distributeurs d’intrants agricoles (2 à 65%). Ces taux diffèrent suivant la région. Les variétés certifiées sont cultivées par 70% des producteurs à Thiès. Les variétés traditionnelles sont utilisées par 98% de ceux de Tambacounda. Cette étude a aussi révélé que les paysans utilisent différents types de séchage à la maison ou aux champs. Parmi eux 79% stockent leur récolte dans des cases, 14% dans des magasins communautaires ,7% dans des greniers sous forme de panicules ou de grains représentant respectivement 22 et 75%. Ces méthodes de prise en charge post-récolte du sorgho diffèrent selon la zone et sont dans certains cas inadéquates. Elles peuvent favoriser la déperdition post-récolte du sorgho et sa contamination par les moisissures, d’où l’intérêt de bien former les acteurs de cette filière.Mots clés : Culture, stockage, céréale, enquête, variété.
English Title: Cultural practices and post-harvest management of sorghum in Senegal
Failure to master or ignore good storage or conservation practices often leads to crop loss or spoilage of food in Africa. These can lead to food insecurity and threaten food safety. As a result, cultivation practices and especially the post-harvest conservation of cereals, the main staple food of the populations, remain a major problem in West Africa. A survey was carried out in Senegal in the regions of Tambacounda and Thies to study the cultural practices of sorghum producers and characterize post-harvest management in the production areas. The study was carried out with 384 sorghum producers from 44 villages. The zones were chosen according to their level of production and rainfall. The sample size was determined using the normal binomial approximation. The results showed that in each of the regions, the proportion of male farmers is 97%, and the dominant ethnic groups are the Serer (86%) in Thies, the Peul and the Wolof (47% and 21%) in Tambacounda. The seeds came mainly from the previous harvest (10 to 76%) of the cases, and from agricultural input distributors (2 to 65%). These rates differ by region. The certified varieties are cultivated by 70% of the producers in Thies. The traditional varieties are used by 98% of those of Tambacounda. This study also revealed that farmers use different types of drying at home or in the fields. Among them, 79% store their harvest in huts, 14% in community stores, 7% in granaries in the form of panicles or grains, representing 22 and 75% respectively. These post-harvest management methods for sorghum differ by area and are in some cases inadequate. They can encourage the post-harvest loss of sorghum and its contamination by molds, hence the importance of properly training the players in this sector.Keywords: Crop, storage, cereal, survey, variety.
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Capitani, Claudia, Mark Chynoweth, Josip Kusak, Emrah Çoban, and Çağan H. Şekercioğlu. "Wolf diet in an agricultural landscape of north-eastern Turkey." Mammalia 80, no. 3 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2014-0151.
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AbstractIn this study, we investigated wolf feeding ecology in Kars province, north-eastern Turkey, by analysing 72 scat samples collected in spring 2013. Ongoing camera trap surveys suggest that large wild ungulates are exceptionally rare in the region. On the contrary, livestock is abundant. Accordingly, scats analysis revealed that livestock constituted most of the biomass intake for wolves, although small mammals were the most frequent prey items. Wild ungulates were occasional prey, and although wolves make use of the main village garbage dump as a food source, garbage remains were scarce in scat samples. Wolf dependence on anthropogenic resources, primarily livestock, generates human-wildlife conflicts in the study area. Uncontrolled carcass disposal seems to boost this wolf behaviour. Synanthropy enhances the probability of wolf-human encounters and thus increases the risk of direct persecution, vehicle collisions, and hybridisation with dogs. When livestock is not available, small mammals are an important alternative prey for wolves. This may increase interspecific competition, particularly with lynx, which is also lacking natural prey in the area. Our preliminary results contribute to wolf ecology and conservation in the Anatolian-Caucasian range, where further studies are urgently needed to generate baseline data.
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Meller, Lauro. "The midwich cuckoos, de John Wyndham." Revista Darandina, September 13, 2019, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1983-8379.2019.v12.28044.
Full textAbstract:
O artigo analisa a novela de ficção científica The Midwich Cuckoos (JohnWyndham,1957), para então brevemente comentar suas duas versões cinematográficas (Village of the Damned, dirigida por Wolf Rilla, 1960,e Children of the Damned,dirigida por Anton Leader,1964),e uma canção inspirada nessas obras,“Children of the Damned”,lançada pelo Iron Maiden, em1982.
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Pendleton, Amanda L., Feichen Shen, Angela M. Taravella, Sarah Emery, Krishna R. Veeramah, Adam R. Boyko, and Jeffrey M. Kidd. "Comparison of village dog and wolf genomes highlights the role of the neural crest in dog domestication." BMC Biology 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-018-0535-2.
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