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Diallo, Ibrahima. "Language Planning, Language-In-Education Policy, and Attitudes Towards Languages in Senegal." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366175.
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This thesis describes language policy practices in Senegal, identifies the languages used by Senegalese people in various social, public, and institutional settings, and details the attitudes of Senegalese people towards their own mother tongues, Wolof, French, and English and these speech communities. It examines also the importance, place, and future of local languages and European languages in Senegal and analyses the issue of language(s) of education in Senegal. To conduct this research, a variety of sampling techniques were used to collect data from a wide range of population-categories including respondents from the general population, public administration, students, and the business sector. Throughout the period of this study, Senegal was undergoing a phenomenal linguistic experience characterised by the sudden arrival and strengthening of English in the country, increasing interest by Senegalese people in local languages, and a gradual decline of the domains of French language use in the country. Against this linguistic backdrop, a number of major findings have resulted from the research including the finding that home languages (in particular, the mother tongues) are dominant in most family and social settings while French is dominant only in public settings. However, the data show that both mother tongues and Wolof are being used increasingly in public institutions; domains that hitherto belonged to French. The language use with people indicates a similar pattern, i.e. local languages are mostly used with close family members and with people in the extended family circle while French is dominant only with people in public institutions. The home languages (mother tongues and Wolof) and, to a lesser extent English, are more popular in public settings, thus reducing the hegemony of the use of French with people in public institutions. The study based on the data collected from the overall sample found also that the attitudes of the Senegalese people towards French, English, and their mother tongues are high and positive but the attitudes towards Wolof show both positive and negative ratings. The results show that, according to Senegalese people, the local languages are not given due importance in the education system. Similarly, they believe that English is not regarded as important in the education system either. Therefore, they request more importance to be given to both languages in the education system. As for French, it is considered very important in the education system and therefore, there were no particular requests to increase its relative importance in education. Further, French is believed to have negative influences in Senegal while this is not the case for English. Regarding the language(s) of instruction, local languages are described as the most appropriate languages for education. However, when languages are analysed in parallel, French maintains its leadership. In general, the Senegalese people have positive attitudes towards the speech communities. However, the attitudes towards the Wolof and French speech communities are both positive and negative. Similarly, the intensity of the desire to learn languages is generally positive but is characterised by the presence of a mix of positive and negative ratings for French and Wolof. However, a cross-sectional analysis shows quite interesting variations across the four population-categories mentioned earlier, mainly regarding language use, the issue of the language(s) of instruction in Senegal, the attitudes of Senegalese people towards languages and towards speech communities, and the intensity of their desire to learn languages - to name but a few areas of variation. The study has resulted in major findings regarding language use in Senegal. One of these is the loyalty of Senegal people towards their languages, that is, first, to their own mother tongue and then to Wolof - as a second language; second the Senegalese people remain attached to the French language, and finally they have a great admiration for English. According to the study, Senegalese people are attached to their language because of the more effective communication opportunities the local languages offer and also because of the positive benefits associated with (early) education in one's own mother tongue. In addition, the respondents believe that local languages help them assert their identity and maintain their cultures. The study found that Senegalese people are attached to the French language because it is an important national language (the official language of the country) and international language (for communication in the Francophone world). As for English, they admire the language because of its prestige and its status as a 'universal' language for communication and its dominance in science, technology, education, and business. The study concludes with a number of recommendations for the improvement of language planning and language-in-education policy in Senegal. The recommendations focus mainly on enhancing considerably the place and role of local languages in the education system, initiating systematic language policy prestige activities, and developing a rigorous policy that fosters positive attitudes towards local languages in general and the Wolof language and the Wolof speech community in particular. As regards the English language, the study recommends offering greater opportunities to learn the language by widespread reinforcement of its teaching in the education system.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Languages and Linguistics<br>Full Text
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Faal, Salifu. "The dominance of Wolof as a lingua franca in urban Senegal : a threat to minority languages and language communities." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654574.
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Current levels of language loss around the globe are unprecedented. With more than half of the world's languages thought to be endangered to the extent that there will be no speakers of these languages within the near future, the study of language threat and endangerment is more essential than ever (Krauss, 2000). The reason for such unprecedented language endangerment has come as a direct result of increased globalization, where people and the languages they speak have the ability to move throughout the world and communicate with literally anyone, anywhere, at any time. Furthermore, an ever-globalizing economy has created a space whereby a few languages have garnered extreme power and prestige, which inspires the envy of speakers of minority languages as they see the economic benefits of being able to speak a language of wider communication. The global dominance and influence of English and the implications for other languages throughout the world are well-documented (See Crystal, 2005; Phillipson, 1992; Dalby, 2003). However, the ever-growing 'prestige' and dominance of African languages of wider communication (e.g. Swahili, Hausa, Wolof), and the threat they pose to minority languages, has not been as adequately documented. Thus, while these powerful and dominant languages are spreading rapidly, hundreds of minority languages in Africa are disappearing at an alarming rate, taking with them important cultural heritage (e.g., history, folklore, literature, and music) and a unique ,. understanding of the local flora, fauna, and ecosystem. The trend is overwhelming, and almost certainly unstoppable, and it is becoming a worrying development for minority communities, linguists and advocates for the linguistic rights of minorities. Although researchers in African linguistics have made great progress in the description of minority languages at all levels, there has been little work done that addressed the sociolinguistics of minority language communities in urban Africa. This study sets out to investigate the implications of the dominance of Wolof for minority languages in urban Senegal. The study adopts a multidimensional approach in response to the kinds of data required, the participants involved and the social and cultural context. This entails adopting several different specific methodological approaches of data collection and analysis in order to capture the changing pattern of language use and language attitudes. The analysis of language use data shows that many of the minority languages are losing their grip in the home domain due to a breakdown of intergenerational transmission. This has resulted in the younger generation increasingly shifting to Wolof and no longer learning their language of heritage. Although none of the respondents in our study had Wolof as a mother tongue by origin, the majority of the younger respondents identified with Wolof as their mother tongue by competence (the language they know best) and function (the language they use most). The sociolinguistic analysis outlined in this study, though not exhaustive, reveals a very precarious situation for minority languages and their speakers in urban Senegal. The predominance of Wolof in urban Senegal is beginning to change the linguistic landscape of urban centres, and there is nothing, that guarantees minority communities in towns and cities, that there will be continuity of their languages beyond the present generation.
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Dione, Amadou. "Contacts et valorisation du sérère et du wolof, langues nationales du Sénégal : Pratiques langagières et usages en ligne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL023.
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Ce travail de thèse se situe dans la continuité des recherches sur les contacts de langues au Sénégal, pays multilingue. Le Sénégal à l’image des autres pays africains francophones présente un espace sociolinguistique caractérisé par des contacts entre les langues nationales et la langue officielle, le français donnant naissance à une forme de parler urbain appelé « wolof urbain » ou « franwolof ».Cette étude porte sur le wolof et le sérère, langues nationales du Sénégal, en contact avec le français, dans le cadre des usages qui en sont faits dans les Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication encore (NTIC). Les analyses seront menées en regard des pratiques orales et à partir de messages collectés sur Facebook et sur des forums de discussion.Comment les langues nationales que sont le wolof et le sérère sont valorisées dans les pratiques langagières et sur internet ? Cette principale interrogation sera associée aux différentes questions de recherche suivantes : Quels rapports les langues nationales (wolof et sérère) entretiennent-elles à l’oral et avec le français dans les échanges en ligne ? / Quelles différences avec les pratiques orales ? Le wolof et le sérère sont-ils valorisés dans les pratiques langagières et dans les échanges électroniques ? Comment les participants et internautes manifestent leurs identités dans leurs échanges ? Comment se matérialisent les représentations des locuteurs par rapport aux langues qu’ils parlent ? Quelle est la place des deux langues nationales au début du 21e siècle dans une société sénégalaise marquée par le multilinguisme ?Quelle est la place des langues dans la définition des identités de locuteurs multilingues ? / Quels intérêts (au point de vue matériel et symbolique) sont faits de l’usage de ces langues par les locuteurs ? Quels rôles pour leur valorisation ?Pour apporter des réponses à ces questions, l’analyse portera sur les notions d’identité, de représentations, de diglossie, sur les statuts de ces trois langues qui coexistent au sein du territoire sénégalais, sur l’aménagement, la politique linguistique menée au Sénégal etc.Ce travail s’appuiera sur une analyse d’entretiens réalisés auprès de participants wolophones et sérérophones scolarisés ou non, de données collectées sur Facebook et sur des forums de discussion. Cette approche permettra d’aborder les façons dont les participants recourent aux deux langues nationales en contact avec le français dans les entretiens et dans les écrits électroniquesMots clés : sociolinguistique, multilinguisme, alternances codiques, nouvelles technologies, wolof, sérère, valorisation<br>This work of thesis is situated in the continuity of the searches on the contacts of languages in Senegal, multilingual country. Senegal just like the other French-speaking African countries presents a sociolinguistic space characterized by contacts between national languages and the official language, French giving birth to a form to speak urban called "urban Wolof" or "franwolof".This study concerns the Wolof and the sérère, the national languages of Senegal, in touch with French, within the framework of uses which are made in the New information technologies and of the Communication still (NTIC). Analyses will be led compared to the oral practices and from the messages collected on Facebook and on discussion forums.How the national languages that are the Wolof and the sérère are valued in the linguistic practices and on the Internet ? This main interrogation will be associated with the following various questions of research : what relationships national languages (Wolof and sérère) they do maintain in the oral and with French in the on-line exchanges? / What differences with the oral practices? The Wolof and the sérère are they valued in the linguistic practices and in the electronic exchanges ? How the participants and the Internet users show their identities in their exchanges? How materialize the representations of the speakers with regard to (compared with) the languages which they speak ? What is the place of both national languages at the beginning of the 21th century in a Senegalese society marked by the multilingualism? What is the place of the languages in the definition of the identities of multilingual speakers? / What interests (in the material and symbolic point of view) are made by the use of these languages by the speakers? What roles for their valuation?To bring answers to these questions, the analysis will concern the notions of identity, representations, diglossia, the statutes of these three languages which coexist within the Senegalese territory, on the arrangement, the linguistic politics led to Senegal etc.This work will lean on an analysis of conversations realized with participants wolophones and schooled sérérophones or not and of data collected on Facebook and on discussion forums. This approach will allow to approach the manners the participants of which resort to both national languages in touch with French in the conversations and in the electronic papersKey words: sociolinguistics, multilingualism, New technologies of information and the communication, Codeswitching, Wolof language, serere language, valorization
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Mitsch, Jane F. "Bordering on National Language Varieties: Political and linguistic borders in the Wolof of Senegal and The Gambia." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451114927.
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Coulibaly, Youssoupha. "A descriptive study of errors in Senegalese students' composition writing." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/776725.
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This exploratory study describes microlinguistic errors in composition written by a population of forty adult students enrolled in advanced English classes in three English language teaching institutions in Dakar, Senegal. The subjects had Wolof as their L1, French as their L2 and English as their L3.The study indicates that EFL learners in this context made intralingual and transfer errors; however the latter type was predominant. Most of the borrowing was from French, very little from Wolof. Researchers have suggested as the reason for extensive negative transfer the similarity of the L2 and L3 and the necessity to get one's meaning across. This study concludes that there may be other causes of borrowing: prestige associated with tolerance of breaches and societal predilections for borrowing. Arguments for this claim are found in the native language and the culture of the population involved; it is argued that in the Senegalese situation one needs cultural, sociological and historical information to account for transfer from French as a linguistic behavior.Pedagogical implications are drawn from the findings of the study, suggestions concerning the teaching of English in contexts similar to that of Senegal are made, and avenues are suggested for future research in the area.<br>Department of English
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Nunez, Jospeh Jean François. "L'alternance entre créole afro-portugais de Casamance, français et wolof au Sénégal : une contribution trilingue à l'étude du contact de langues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0016/document.
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Le créole afro-portugais de Casamance reste encore méconnu. La présente étude constitue la première description des pratiques langagières des créolophones casamançais. Elle est fondée sur un corpus de première main recueilli lors de discussions spontanées entre des locuteurs créolophones dans des villes multilingues : Dakar, Thiès et Ziguinchor. Dans ce corpus, les principales langues en contact sont essentiellement le créole casamançais, le français et le wolof. Cette thèse décrit les changements induits par ce contact dans le corpus, notamment le repérage temporel et les phénomènes touchant spécifiquement les groupes nominaux (déterminants et génitifs). L’étude de ces champs m’a permis de constater que des éléments grammaticaux et lexicaux sont fournis à la fois par l’ensemble de ces langues. Ce cas de figure n'est pas souvent pris en compte dans les approches théoriques du contact de langues, lesquelles proposent souvent une séparation fonctionnelle des langues fondée sur une dichotomie entre langue matrice et langue insérée, et tendent à ignorer les situations de contact impliquant plus de deux langues. Cette thèse constitue une contribution à l’étude du contact de langues et permet en particulier de porter un regard neuf sur une situation de contact trilingue, impliquant une langue créole et deux autres langues qui en sont typologiquement éloignées. La prise en compte d’une telle configuration revêt un caractère particulièrement novateur dans le domaine des études créoles, où les chercheurs intéressés par le contact de langues se concentrent surtout sur des situations de contact entre les créoles et leurs langues lexificatrices respectives<br>Casamancese Afro-Portuguese Creole is still largely unknown. The present study is the first description of the language practices of Casamance Creole speakers. The study is based on a first-hand corpus collected during spontaneous discussions among Creole speakers in multilingual cities: Dakar, Thies and Ziguinchor. In this corpus, the main languages in contact are the Casamancese Creole, French and Wolof.This dissertation describes the changes induced by this contact in the corpus, especially the temporal deixis and phenomena specifically affecting noun groups (such as determiners and genitives). The study of these domains has led me to realize that all three languages involved both grammatical and lexical elements are provided by all these languages.Such a scenario is generally not taken into consideration in the theoretical approaches to language contact, which often posit a functional separation of the languages involved based on a dichotomy between matrix language and embedded language, and tend to ignore contact situations involving more than two languages.This dissertation is therefore a contribution to the study of language contact; more specifically, it allows for the possibility to take a fresh look at a trilingual contact situation involving a Creole language and two other languages typologically distant from the former. The inclusion of such a configuration is particularly innovative in the domain of Creole studies, where researchers interested in contact languages focus mainly on situations of contact between Creoles and their respective lexifier languages
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Nouguier, Voisin Sylvie Creissels Denis. "Relations entre fonctions syntaxiques et fonctions sémantiques en wolof." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/nouguier_s.
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Donovan, Anna Gay. "Virginia Woolf : a language of looking." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324071.
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The aim of this thesis is to trace a 'language of looking' in some of Virginia Woolfs texts. I have taken Woolfs short story entitled 'The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection' as a point of departure and principle theme. This story provides models for a serious questioning of the ways we look at women and how that looking deten»ines their representation. In turn that representation is shown to structure and inform our ways of looking. Each paragraph of the story is taken as a starting point for a chapter of the thesis. Thus, each of the ten paragraphs of the story becomes, as it were, the epigraph of the chapter that follows. Each chapter moves out from the specific problematics offered by 'The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection' to other works by Woolf, and beyond. My readings of 'The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection' show Woolf to be exploring different ways of getting to 'know' the Lady, to ascertain her 'truth'. The aptness and inadequacy of description, the giving of facts and the detail of imaginings, the insights of perception and the blindness of rhetoric, are all revealed as the story and the thesis unfold. The ways in which a woman can be regarded, spoken of, but never 'truly' represented, is examined. Each chapter focuses upon how, in consecutive paragraphs, Woolf attempts to create a convincing character that can be caught and turned to words. The very difficulties of representation are seen to be written into Woolfs text as the narrative moves from one speculative moment to another. In order to explore the issues raised in the short story I engage with other of Woolfs writings. Using close readings of her work, psychoanalytic concepts, critical writings, Surrealist thought and photographic model, I work to show just how vital are the 'signs' of looking in Woolf's texts.Finally the failures of language are realised as I look at how Woolfs awareness of the complexities and nuances of the visual demonstrates a negative, self-destructive impulse as well as a positive, life-enhancing moment of becoming. Woolfs search for the best words with which to portray the Lady of her story is echoed by my own struggle to find the right words with which to reveal the intricate network of 'looks' that adds yet another dimension to the enigmatic and challenging works of the Lady we know as Virginia Woolf.
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Nouguier, Voisin Sylvie. "Relations entre fonctions syntaxiques et fonctions sémantiques en wolof." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/nouguier_s.
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Dans cette étude nous décrivons les modifications des relations grammaticales entre le verbe et ses arguments entraînées par dérivations verbales en wolof, langue ouest-atlantique. Notre dessein relève plus d’un apport descriptif que d’une nouvelle théorie sur la voix. Nous nous sommes donc basée sur des théories récentes des relations grammaticales et sur différentes descriptions de ces phénomènes dans d’autres langues, pour insérer notre analyse dans un cadre typologique. Les résultats montrent que le wolof présente des voix traditionnelles telles que la voix moyenne, la voix causative, la voix applicative, mais également des voix qui sont ordinairement reconnues dans les langues ergatives (voix antipassive) et des dérivations moins décrites telles que la co-participation. Les formes et les fonctions de certaines dérivations ont conduit à poser des hypothèses diachroniques qui ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour les langues ouest-atlantiques et la reconstruction de cette famille<br>This dissertation describes the modifications of grammatical relations between the verb and its arguments market by verbal derivations in Wolof (West-Atlantic). We aim more at a thorough description of Wolof than at establishing a new theory of voice, since we work in a typological framework. This study is based on different theories on grammatical relations and various language descriptions. The results show that Wolof presents traditional voices such as middle, causative, applicative, but also derivations which are usually described for ergative languages (antipassive) and derivations less described such as co-participation. Several diachronic hypothesis have been proposed on the ground of the forms and functions of some derivations. This dissertation open new perspectives for Atlantic languages and for the reconstruction of this family
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Diop, Amadou Moustapha. "Les Classificateurs et quelques opérateurs du groupe nominal en Wolof étude métaopérationnelle contrastive : wolof, anglais, français /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613230s.
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Deme, Abdoulaye. "Les emprunts linguistiques du wolof à l'arabe (contribution à la lexicologie du wolof)." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H007.
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Ce travail, consacre aux emprunts linguistiques du wolof a l'arabe, a pour objectif de mettre en relief l'origine et l'interet des emprunts. Pour ce faire, nous avons analyse, a partir d'une presentation historique, les phenomenes qui ont permis l'emprunt, en particulier celui des contacts de populations de langues differentes. Ces contacts avec les arabes ont permis aux wolofs de se confronter a une culture a tradition ecrite. Du contact entre langue orale et langue ecrite est nee une conception et une elaboration du wolof ecrit (le wolofal). Nous avons effectue une analyse linguistique des emprunts sur le plan phonetique pour voir comment le locuteur wolof prononce un phenomene arabe inexistant en wolof. Sur le plan morphologique, nous avons analyse comment ces mots sont integres dans la langue et comment ils se combinent avec d'autres morphemes propres au wolof. Nous avons egalement inclus une etude semantique des emprunts qui nous eclaire sur leur sens primitif<br>The present work, concerning linguistic borrowings from arabic to wolof, aims at bringing forward the origin as well as the significance of borrowings. With this object, beginning with a historical presentation, we proceeded towards an analysis of the phenomena which have given way to borrowings, more specifically the phenomenon of interaction between people of different language groups. Interaction with arab allowed wolofs to encounter a culture with a literary tradition. The contact between the oral and the written language led to the conception and elaboration of written wolof (wolofal). We have undertaken a linguistic analysis of borrowings on the phonetical level to observe how a wolof speaker would pronounce an arabic phoneme non-existant in his own language. On the morphological level we have examined how these loanwords have been assimilated in the language and how they combine with morphemes specific to wolof. We have included a semantic study of borrowings as well, which throws light on their original meaning
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Diagne, Abibatou. "La terminologie wolof dans une perspective de traduction et de combinatoire lexicale restreinte." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2034/document.
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La présente étude s’intéresse à la terminologie médicale wolof, envisagée dans le cadre de la sémantique lexicale. Nous y abordons des unités terminologiques de type collocation. Ce choix a un lien direct avec notre cadre théorique d’analyse, la Théorie Sens-Texte (TST), qui, à l’heure actuelle, propose l’un des meilleurs outils de description de la collocation avec les Fonctions Lexicales (FL). Les collocations constituent des indices de spécialisation en plus d’avoir un comportement lexicosyntaxique singulier. Nous les analysons, sur la base d’un corpus scientifique compilé, afin d’avoir une perception holistique de la cooccurrence lexicale. Les langues, en Afrique, sont souvent peu dotées du point de vue terminologique. Il s’agit dans cette recherche de s’appuyer sur le modèle d’analyse du lexique qui prend en compte trois paramètres clés : le sens, la forme et la combinatoire, afin de faire une description du lexique wolof qui, à terme, permet d’établir des principes de terminologisation. La portée traductive du travail réside dans l’approche interlinguistique que nous adoptons pour élaborer notre liste de termes. Le versant opératoire de l’étude est la constitution d’un début de corpus médical trilingue (anglais-français-wolof). Le caractère multilingue n’est pas une fin en soi, mais au vu de la richesse terminologique de l’anglais et du français, il nous a paru opportun de partir des travaux en ces langues. La perspective traductive de la terminologie a permis de relever différents procédés de création et de restitutions de termes médicaux (anglais et français) en wolof. Elle n’a par ailleurs pas manqué de poser en filigrane une problématique d’ordre socioterminologique pour laquelle nous donnons des éléments de réponses<br>This study focuses on Wolof medical terminology under the lexical semantics context. We talk about terminology units, particularly collocations. This choice has a direct link with our theoretical framework of analysis, the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), which currently offers one of the best tools for describing collocation through Lexical Functions. Collocations constitute indices of specialization and have a singular lexico-syntactic functioning. We analyze them, on the basis of compiled scientific corpus, in order to have a holistic perception of lexical co-occurrence. Languages in Africa are often poorly endowed from a terminology view. This research is based on the lexical analysis model which takes into account three key parameters : meaning, form and combinatorics, to make a description of the Wolof lexicon which, in the long run, gives principles of terminology. The translational scope of the work lies in the interlinguistic approach we adopt to develop our list of terms. The operative side of the study is the constitution of a beginning of trilingual medical corpus (English-French-Wolof). The multilingual character is not an end in itself, but considering the richness of English and French terminology studies, it seemed appropriate to start work in these languages. The translation perspective of the terminology has revealed different processes to create and restitute medical terms (English and French) into Wolof. Moreover, it focuses on a socioterminological problem for which we give some answers
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Case, Marlene Katherine. "The Carnivalesque and Grotesque Realism in Modernist Literature| The Final Novels of Ronald Firbank and Virginia Woolf." Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10096025.
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<p> <i>Concerning the Eccentricities of Cardinal Pirelli </i> by Ronald Firbank and <i>Between the Acts</i> by Virginia Woolf both liberate the text from the expected form to engage emotional awareness and instigate reform of societal standards. Employing Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the carnivalesque and grotesque realism as a means to create this perspective is unconventional; nevertheless, Firbank, predominantly misunderstood, and Woolf, more regarded but largely misinterpreted, both address sexuality and religion to parody what they believe to be the retrogression of civilization by narrating christenings, pageants, and other forms of carnival. Both novels forefront nonconformity, and the conspicuous influence of debasement is identified as a form of salient renewal. Christopher Ames, Melba-Cuddy Keane, and Alice Fox have already expressed remarkable insight into Woolf; unfortunately not a single scholar has approached Firbank’s text in this manner, and this essay discusses the value of both authors in the aspect of Bakhtin’s theories.</p>
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Guérin, Maximilien. "Les constructions verbales en wolof : vers une typologie de la prédication, de l'auxiliation et des périphrases." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA057/document.
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Le principal objectif de cette étude est de situer les constructions verbales du wolof dans une perspective typologique. Il s'agit tout d'abord de proposer une description synthétique du système de prédication verbale du wolof dans une perspective typologique, en nous appuyant sur les travaux de référence concernant la conjugaison du wolof. Contrairement à ce que l'on observe dans un très grand nombre de langues, en wolof la majeure partie des catégories grammaticales liées au verbe est exprimée par des constructions périphrastiques. L'analyse typologique de ces constructions périphrastiques nous sert de base empirique pour proposer une nouvelle approche de la notion d'auxiliaire. Nous considérons que, dans une perspective typologique, l'auxiliaire ne doit pas être défini comme une catégorie lexicale spécifique, ni comme une étape dans un chemin de grammaticalisation, mais plutôt comme un élément prédicatif autonome ayant une fonction spécifique. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une analyse constructionnelle de l'organisation du système de prédication verbale du wolof. Nous considérons que les constructions verbales du wolof ne forment pas un ensemble non structuré d'entités indépendantes, mais plutôt un système extrêmement structuré (un réseau de constructions). En outre, nous montrons que certaines idiosyncrasies apparentes dans le paradigme de conjugaison du wolof peuvent s'expliquer à la lumière de la diachronie. Enfin, nous proposons une analyse comparative des constructions verbales des langues atlantiques afin de déterminer ce qui, dans la conjugaison du wolof, est issu du proto-atlantique<br>This thesis is a study of Wolof verbal constructions in a typological perspective. Based on available descriptions of Wolof verbal conjugation, I first provide a summary of the system of verbal predication in the light of the typological literature. Contrary to what is observed in many languages, most Wolof verbal categories are expressed periphrastically. The typological analysis of these periphrastic constructions provides us with the empirical basis to propose a new approach to the notion of “auxiliary”. I argue that auxiliaries should not be cross-linguistically defined as items belonging to a specific lexical class or as items on a grammaticalisation path but rather as autonomous predicative elements with a specific function. In addition, I propose a constructional analysis of the organisation of the verbal predication system of Wolof. The entirety of Wolof verbal constructions is not assumed to form an unstructured set of independent entities, but it is instead taken to constitute a highly structured system (a network of constructions). Furthermore, some apparent idiosyncrasies in the conjugation paradigm of Wolof can be explained from a diachronic point of view. Finally, I provide a comparative analysis of verbal constructions in Atlantic languages in order to determine which elements of the Wolof conjugation are inherited from Proto-Atlantic
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Veyna, Alejandra. "Virginia Woolf and Literary Impressionism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/440.
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Robert, Stéphane. "Système verbal et énonciation en wolof." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070075.
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Partant du triple probleme pose par la caracterisation de certaines conjugaisons, par la polysemie de la plupart d'entre elles et par l'organisation generale du systeme verbal, cette etude du wolof (langue du groupe ouest-atlantique parlee au senegal), s'appuyant sur la theorie de l'enonciation, tente d'apprehender la valeur des conjugaisons de cette langue au travers d'une etude systematique de leurs contextes d'emploi. Apres avoir repertorie et caracterise les differents emplois des paradigmes, on pose une definition unitaire de chacun d'entre eux pour ensuite tenter de retrouver la diversite des emplois sous la forme de conditionnements divers d'un signifie unique; sont ainsi apparus comme facteurs conditionnants dont on propose une typologie: le semantisme des verbes, le mode d'articulation au con-texte et la determination des complements. Ces analyses amenent alors a renverser la conception de l'aspect en wolof et a reorganiser l'ensemble du systeme verbal. Plus generalement, elles permettent de definir trois modes de construction de l'accompli, de mettre en lumiere des liens entre aspect, temps et modalite, de proposer une definition generale de l'injonction, de l'emphase, de la predication et de la completude d'un enonce<br>This dissertation aims to characterize from a semantic - pragmatic view-point the verb paradigms of wolof, a language of the west-atlan- -tic group spoken in senegal, within the framework of "theorie de l'enonciation" (utterance theorie) propounded by a. Culioli. The various paradigms are systematically explored and contrasted in a number of genuine contexts of utterance. Despite the variety of con- -textual values, the utter specificity of each set of forms is pin- -pointed. Clues are offered to the puzzling problems raised by the apparent synonymy and semantic ambiguity that have so far obscured the interpretation of wolof verb paradigms. New light is shed both on the typology of verbs and the basic oppostion of complete vs incomplete processes. The verbal system as a whole is thus recons- -tructed with a shift of emphasis from the description of an apparently symmetrical set of paradigms to an analysis of the subtle interaction of tense, aspect and modality that underlies the actual use of these forms
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Dia, Papa Amadou. "Elaboration d'une terminologie grammaticale en wolof, métalangage en langue maternelle : manuel de grammaire pour les lycées." Grenoble 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE39010.
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Ce travail releve principalement du metalangage en langue maternelle, le wolof du senegal en l'occurrence. En effet, la these commence par une grammaire expliquee du wolof, en wolof. Le public-cible est celui des classes de seconde, premiere et terminale des lycees. En cela, le travail est quasiment inedit et aboutit a l'elaboration d'une terminologie grammaticale. On y aborde : 10) la construction du signe en general, et du signe linguistique en particulier ; 20) la morphophonologie, la formation des mots wolof. . . ; 30) la syntaxe ; 40) la manipulation du sens linguistique. Une traduction francaise du manuel wolof permet par ailleurs un enseignement en francais de la langue africaine. Le troisieme volume, constitue de commentaires, est consacre a la justification des choix linguistiques et terminologiques. Il pourra servir de livret-guide aux enseignants<br>The subject of this thesis concerns, particularly, metalanguage, as a mother tongue: wolof such it is used in senegal, the west african country. Indeed, the thesis begins by an explanation of the wolof. The students concerned are in their final years at grammar school. This study is almost completely new and, at the end, a grammatical terminology is established. There are several parts: i) the construction of signs, in general, and linguistic signs, in particular; ii) morphophonology and the structure of wolof words. . . Iii) syntax ; iv) the manipulation of linguistic meaning. The french translation of the wolof school-book enables wolof to be taught in french. The third book concerns the justification of the pedagogical and terminological choices. It could be used as a guidebook for teachers
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Pech, David. "“An Unfinished Phrase”: Philosophy of life and language in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27494.
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Virginia Woolf’s novel, The Waves, is an expression and exploration of an authorial and philosophical crisis. The crisis is authorial, in that Woolf expresses deep uncertainty about the relation of the act and product of writing to life, and the crisis is philosophical, in that Woolf grapples with problems that are epistemological, ontological, aesthetic, and linguistic. Woolf’s authorial and philosophical crisis can be understood as part of the broader crisis of modernity. I argue that the crisis of modernity can be read as a crisis of “imaginaries,” and that the project of Woolf and the Modernists was to imaginatively develop new vocabularies with which to express, understand, and make, modern life. I suggest that the character Bernard pursues the central imaginative project of The Waves – to find the set of “perfect” phrases with which to tell the “true” story of life. I examine his attempts to find a semantically meaningful vocabulary by moving away from prose towards poetry. Correspondingly, I examine Bernard’s dissatisfactions with “telling” life through narratives, and consider whether the characters’ lives are better understood as episodes, or through Woolf’s profound “moments of being.” I explore the characters’ attempts to form a fulfilling vocabulary shared amongst a narrowing circle – as friends, as a couple, or as individuals. I also discuss the important role of silence in The Waves. I conclude by analysing Bernard’s final soliloquy, which closes the novel. I argue that his soliloquy presents a complex and philosophically compelling vision of life as vacillation, as evidenced by the “wave” motif, which runs through The Waves.
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Luban, Rachel. "The Luminous Halo: The Place of Language in The Waves and The Years." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1273546229.
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Bondéelle, Olivier. "Polysémie et structuration du lexique : le cas du Wolof." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100058/document.
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Ce travail porte sur le rôle de la polysémie dans la structuration du lexique. La thèse propose de faire une évaluation qualitative de la polysémie, en la comparant aux autres relations qui structurent le lexique. Cette entreprise doit permettre de vérifier que les liens de polysémie ne doivent pas être modélisés indépendamment des liens de dérivation ou de conversion. Les résultats de l'évaluation montrent que la frontière entre polysémie et conversion est poreuse.Les comparaisons entre relations utilisent les propriétés de l'analogie, bien adaptée pour caractériser les rapports entre relations. Ce sont les liens qui connectent les lexies qui font l'objet d'une comparaison. Un lien de polysémie est ce qui connecte deux lexies en relation de polysémie. Ce lien peut être comparé à un lien qui connecte deux autres lexies en relation de conversion.La langue d'étude est le wolof, langue atlantique d'Afrique de l'ouest. Cette langue est un terrain propice à une telle recherche. Un large éventail de procédés morphologiques structurent le lexique (dérivation par suffixation, dérivation par alternance consonantique, conversion par changement du morphème de classe nominale).L'apport descriptif de ce travail est d'explorer les champs des artefacts et des émotions du wolof, champs jamais décrits auparavant du point de vue de la structuration du lexique pour une langue africaine. La méthodologie consiste à décrire les sens des unités lexicales et les liens sémantiques qui les connectent par un métalangage unique, celui de la métalangue sémantique naturelle (NSM), introduit ici pour le wolof<br>Emphasizing on the key role of polysemy in forming the lexicon is the main goal to be achieved in this dissertation paper. The paper suggests a qualitative evaluation of polysemy in comparing it with other relations that form the lexicon. The research confirms that the polysemic links must not be modeled independently from derivative links or conversational links. This evaluation leads us to reveal that the boundary between polysemy and conversation is porous. The properties of analogy has been used to compare the relations, which is well adapted in characterizing the links between the relations. They are the links that connect lexis which form the objects of a comparison. A polysemic link is a link by which two lexis are connected to each other in a polysemic relation. This link can be compared to a link that connects two other lexis in a conversional relation. In this paper, Wolof, an Atlantic language in West-Africa, is studied. This language provides a fertile breeding ground for our explorations. A large scale of different morphological processes form the lexicon (like suffix derivation, derivations from consonant alternation and conversion by changes in nominal class morphemes).The descriptive contribution of this research is to explore the semantic fields of artifacts and emotions in Wolof lexicon. These fields have never been described in an African language taking the lexicon formation into consideration.The methodology applied here is to describe both the meanings of the lexical units and the semantic links by which they are connected by a unique metalanguage. That unique metalanguage is called the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM), which is applied here to Wolof
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O'Melia, Kelly. "Truth and the Language of War." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1526395899187538.
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Deefholts, Glenn. "Ritual and technology experience through language in Nietzsche, Heidegger, Proust, and Woolf /." Link to electronic resource, 1998. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq37508.pdf.
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Deefholts, Glenn Murray. "Ritual and technology, experience through language in Nietzsche, Heidegger, Proust, and Woolf." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq37508.pdf.
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Perrin, Loïc-Michel. "Des représentations du temps en wolof." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725093.
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Cette thèse porte sur les représentations du temps en wolof (langue africaine ouest-atlantique parlée au Sénégal). Elle a pour objet l'étude des différents procédés linguistiques utilisés pour exprimer le temps en wolof, selon une approche sémantico-cognitive. Il s'agit donc de rendre compte des différents processus linguistiques et cognitifs engagés dans l'expression des diverses relations temporelles. A partir des données collectées et d'une analyse des mécanismes linguistiques de construction du sens (tant lexical que grammatical) impliquant la notion de schématisme, ce travail s'interroge également sur les relations entre espace et temps afin de réfléchir sur la nature épistémologique des représentations (abstraites versus spatiales et iconiques) des termes référant au temps. Les chapitres concernent principalement : 1. Le système verbal (temps et aspect) ainsi que les éléments lexicaux et syntagmes à valeur aspectuelle, 2. Les circonstanciels (lexèmes, syntagmes nominaux adverbiaux et subordonnées) et connecteurs temporels, 3. Les subordonnées temporelles et hypothétiques, 4. La polysémie de quelques termes exprimant une valeur temporelle.
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Templin, Torsten [Verfasser], Kurt [Gutachter] Helmes, and Nikolaus [Gutachter] Wolf. "Four Essays on Language Competition and Dynamic Language Policy Evaluation / Torsten Templin ; Gutachter: Kurt Helmes, Nikolaus Wolf." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196086788/34.
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Mbengue, Daouda. "Modernisation du wolof : traitement de l'information dans les domaines de la santé, pêche et décentralisation." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1545.
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Cette thèse en sciences du langage est une présentation et un examen d'un travail d'ingénierie linguistique et documentaire en langue wolof. Elle comporte deux parties et repose principalement sur une démarche structuraliste, sur la linguistique cognitive, sur la sociolinguistique, sur la philosophie du langage, sur la lexicologie et la terminologie. La première partie de la thèse porte sur une étude des variantes dialectales, suivie de celle des contacts du wolof avec la langue française dans les domaines de la santé, de la pêche et de la décentralisation. La deuxième partie traite quant à elle du rôle de l'information linguistique dans la création d'une synthèse vocale Kali en wolof et dans les opérations désignation concept, concept désignation pour le traitement de l'information documentaire
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Keïta, Abdoulaye. "La Poésie orale d'exhortation : l'exemple des Bakku des lutteurs Wolof (Sénégal)." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0011.
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Dans la lutte sénégalaise, sport national, un aspect est souvent occulté : la production d'une riche poésie par les lutteurs : le bàkku, "autolouange, auto-glorification, auto-panégyrique". La déclamation de cette poésie est précédée de celle de la devise, le bàkk, qui est un appel à l'action ; et un autre genre se greffe à ce bàkku et vient le légitimer, le tagg "la génélogie-panégyrique". Les textes étudiés sont des chants d'exhortation de la société Wolof : ils sont dits dans des circonstances particulières avec un même but : exalter quelqu'un pour l'amener à se dépasser en lui disant qui il est. Ces textes sont étudiés de manière diachronique. Le principal texte, le bàkku est exclusivement dit par un lutteur tandis que les deux autres sont généralement dits par des griots. Les textes ont été reccueillis dans l'aire culturelle wolof, au Sénégal, essentiellement dans les régions de Dakar, Thies et Louga. Le wolof est une langue atlantique. Le recueil de ces textes pourrait permettre de définir idéologiquement le discours littéraire par rapport aux autres types de discours et développer une pédagogie populaire<br>In Senegalese wrestling, the national sport, there is often a hidden aspect : the production of a rich poetry by the fighters : the bàkku, "self-praise, self-glorification, self-panegyric". The declamation of this poetry is preceded by that of the slogan, the bàkk, which is a call for action ; and another kind of of poetry is transplanted in this bàkku which legitimizes it, the tag, "the genealogy-panegyric". The studied texts are songs of exhortation of Wolof community : they are said in particular circumstances with the same purpose : to stir somebody and make him surpass himself, by telling him who he is. These texts are studied with a diachronic method. The main text, the bàkku, is exclusively said by a fighter whereas the two others are generally said by griots. These texts were collected in the wolof cultural area, in Senegal, particulary in the regions of Dakar, Thies and Louga. Wolof is an atlantic language. The collection of these texts would allow to define ideologically the literary speech with regard to the other types of speech and to develop a popular pedagogy
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Nugent, Lynne S. "Mixed company: genre crossings in Rossetti, Eliot, Schreiner, and Woolf." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3505.
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This dissertation analyzes interruptions of realist narrative in the work of four women writers from the mid-nineteenth through mid-twentieth centuries: Christina Rossetti, George Eliot, Olive Schreiner, and Virginia Woolf. I argue that these writers use such interruptions—which take the form of alternate genres such as lyric poetry and the expository essay—to subvert the authority of the third-person novelistic narrator and thus question the dominant structure of the realist novel. By employing these asides, they provide opportunities for first-person and present-tense discourse within a third-person, past-tense narrative, which in turn leads to productive contrasts between subjectivity and objectivity, emotion and thought, public and private spheres, inner and outer lives of characters, and the novel and other genres. These cross-genre interruptions destabilize the overall works in ways that reveal both the contradictions in female characters’ lives and the anxieties surrounding being a female author. The practice also exposes limitations of the novel as a form by raising in the reader an awareness of genre conventions. The result is an anti-realist tendency, inspired and fueled by gender concerns, in the midst of the age of greatest dominance of the realist novel.
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Dieng, Sady. "Etude contrastive des lexies du créole endogène "portugais" et du wolof." Lyon 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO2A002.
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Gassama, Mamadou. "Enquête sociolinguistique sur les comportements et les attitudes linguistiques dans des lieux de Ziguinchor : processus de l'expansion du wolof au Sénégal." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H021.
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Le présent travail est une approche sociolinguistique qui a pour but de dégager les facteurs de l'expansion du wolof au Sénégal. Ce travail aborde trois sujets : (a) la situation linguistique du Sénégal dans laquelle on traite trois problèmes : (1) la classification des langues sénégalaises en deux groupes : (a) les langues du Sénégal septentrional et occidental (b) les langues du Sénégal méridional et oriental (2) le processus de l'expansion du wolof pendant trois périodes précoloniale, coloniale et postcoloniale (3) la politique pratiquée par le gouvernement et par les établissements scolaires (b) les comportements linguistiques nous permettent d'étudier : (1) l'emploi des langues en milieu familial ou l'interaction verbale se déroule entre l'enquête et les différents membres de s la famille (2) l'emploi des langues en milieu extra-familial ou se fait l'interaction verbale entre l'enquête et de nombreuses personnes qu'il rencontre a des lieux différents. (c) les attitudes linguistiques nous permettent également d'étudier de différentes questions posées aux enquêtes pour obtenir d'eux des réponses sur des sujets divers. Enfin, ce travail révèle que (1) le wolof, le français et le mandingue étaient les langues les plus employées à Ziguinchor (2) le wolof est la langue la plus parlée au Sénégal<br>The present thesis is a sociolinguistic approach, which aims to explain the factors for the Wolof expansion in Senegal. This work addresses three problems have been treated: (1) the classification of the Senegalese languages into two groups: (a) the languages from northern and western Senegal (b) the languages from southern and eastern Senegal. (2) The Wolof expansion process during three periods: precolonial, colonial and postcolonial. (3) The linguistic politics practiced by the Senegalese government and by the educational establishments. (b) The linguistic behavior in which have been studied two topics: (1) the use of languages in the family environment. (2) The use of languages outside the family environment (c) the linguistic attitudes have enabled the study of different questions which have been put to the interviewees to obtain the answers to a certain number or subjects. This thesis has established that: (1) Wolof, French and Mandingues are the most fraquently used languages in Siguinchor. (2) Wolof is the most widely used language in Senegal
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Seck, Aliou Ngoné. "Recherches comparatives sur les déterminants morphématiques du wolof et du français : étude syntactique et référentielle." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2022.
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Nous nous sommes interessé essentiellement aux déterminants morphématiques du wolof. Ceux du francais, étudiés par référence à ceux du wolof, élargissent notre champ d'investigation. Le déterminant morphématique du wolof est nécessairement affixé à un indice nominal representé par 10 consonnes dont 8 marquent le singulier et 2 le pluriel. Les déterminants morphématiques des deux langues se distinguent en défini et indéfini. Le défini se subdivise en minimal, démonstratif, anaphorique et possessif. L'indefini se subdivise en minimal, quantitatif, interrogatif et zéro. L'opposition générique spécifique définie à partir de l'extension extensite et de l'univers de discours se fonde sur cinq opérateurs : le déterminant morphématique et l'incisé propositionnelle appartiennent au syntagme nominal ; le tiroir de conjugaison, le prédicat et l'aspect font partie du syntagme verbal. Dans le cadre des descriptions définies, nous avons analysé : l'anaphore lexicalement identique non-identique ; la deixis appropriative, spatiale et temporelle ; et la notion d'ensemble partagé. L'extration est étudiée dans le cadre des descriptions indéfinies. Les ambiguités que nous avons analysées concernent les oppositions usages attributif-non-attributif, transparence-opacité, et spécifique-non-specifique
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Levine, Lisa Karin. "A Voice of One's Own: Virginia Woolf, the Problem of Language, and Feminist Aesthetics." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625831.
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Haust, Delia. "Codeswitching in Gambia : eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung von Mandinka, Wolof und English in Kontakt /." Köln : Rüdiger Köppe, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37625005q.
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Epprecht, Elizabeth F. "The Roles of Silence in Virginia Woolf's Between the Acts." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1191.
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In this thesis I explore the roles of silence in Virginia Woolf’s last novel, Between the Acts (1941). I focus on three readings of silence in the text. First, I consider her portrayal of malicious silences as unsaid judgments and aggressions and their impact on interpersonal relationships and interactions. Second, I look at detached, empty silence and its relation to the critical passivity Woolf noted in her audience in the early years of WWII. Finally, I consider silence as feminist resistance to traditional narratives through the intertwined experiences of Isa and Miss La Trobe.
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Ndiaye, Cheikh tidiane. "L’alternance codique wolof-arabe au Sénégal : approche sociolinguistique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20049.
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L’objet de cette étude est de cerner l’ensemble des faits linguistiques et extralinguistiques qui favorisent l’alternance codique wolof-arabe au Sénégal. Étant à l’origine de l’emprunt et de l’alternance codique, le contact des langues a toujours favorisé le bilinguisme ou le plurilinguisme dans une zone géographique donnée. La rencontre de langues et de cultures différentes n’a jamais été le produit du hasard ; elle est le fruit de différents phénomènes historiques. Au Sénégal, le contact du wolof et de l’arabe découle de l’expansion de l’Islam. C’est l’historique que nous abordons avant le troisième chapitre de ce travail dont le but est de montrer, par la suite, qu’au Sénégal, il y a des locuteurs wolophones qui procèdent à l’alternance des codes linguistiques (wolof-arabe) dans leurs discours. Le souci de démontrer l’existence de ce phénomène sociolinguistique, nous a conduit à effectuer un travail de terrain à travers des enquêtes et des enregistrements de locuteurs sénégalais. L’ensemble des discours enregistrés nous a amené à découvrir que le plurilinguisme au Sénégal est un facteur qui permet à certains individus privilégiés, de procéder intelligemment à l’alternance codique wolof-arabe dont nous avons linguistiquement décrit les modes et analysé les procédés. Ils alternent le wolof et l’arabe dans un même énoncé pour plusieurs raisons que nous avons répertoriées; en fonction des interlocuteurs ou du public auquel leurs discours sont destinés<br>The purpose of this study is to identify all the linguistic and extralinguistic facts that favor the code-switching wolof-arabic in Senegal. Being at the origin of the borrowing and code-switching, the contact of languages has always favored bilingualism in a given geographical area. The encounter of different languages and cultures has never been the product of chance ; it is the result of different historical phenomenon. In Senegal, the contact of wolof and arabic stems from the expansion of Islam. This is the story that we have approched before the third chapter of this work, the purpose of which is to show that, in Senegal, there are speakers who proceed to the alternation of linguistic codes (wolof and arabic) in there speeches. The desire to demonstrate the existence of this sociolinguistic phenomenon led us to carry out fieldwork through surveys and recordings of Senegalese speakers. The set of recorded discourses has led us to discover that multilingualism in Senegal is a factor that allows certain privileged individuals to carry out intelligently the code-switching wolof-arabic whose modes we have linguistically described and analyzed the processes. They alternate wolof and arabic in the same enunciation for several reasons that we have listed; according to the interlocutors or the public to whom their speeches are intended
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Ndione, Augustin. "Contribution à une étude de la différence entre la réduplication et la répétition en Français et en Wolof." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2011/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective typologique et porte sur la réduplication et la répétition en français et en wolof (langue du Sénégal). Elle porte sur un procédé linguistique souvent considéré comme marginal pour une langue de grande diffusion comme le français du fait, entre autres, qu’il apparaît à l’oral. L’investigation menée a permis de montrer que ce procédé n’est pas plus employé en wolof, langue à tradition orale, qu’en français puisqu’on réduplique les termes issus des catégories similaires dans les deux langues ; en français par exemple on peut rédupliquer des prénoms (Dédé, Vava, etc.), des noms (salade-salade), des verbes (il pleut-pleut), des adjectifs (joli-joli) et des adverbes (loin-loin), et en wolof, on peut rédupliquer des patronymes (wade-wade), des toponymes (bawol-bawol), des bases lexicales (am-am « possession »), des adverbes (leeg-leeg « souvent ») et des noms (goor-goor-lu « débrouillard »).Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives initiée par Cucioli. Ainsi à la suite de Culioli (1990), Kabore (1998), Osu (2007, 2010), cette thèse montre que la réduplication est un procédé qui met en jeu une opération de détermination puisqu'il s'agit de déterminer une occurrence d'un domaine notionnel. Mais nous considérons la juxtaposition des deux composantes de la structure réduplicative comme un marqueur d'opérationlinguistique, au sens culiolien du terme, en essayant de cerner le rôle de chaque composante au sein de cette structure. Dès lors, nous montrons que la première composante de la structure représente une occurence quelconque alors que l deuxième représente l'occurrence représentative du domaine notionnel. Quant à la juxtaposition, son rôle se ramène à identifier l'occurrence représentative, réécrite comme ceci : .Cette hypothèse ébauchée lors de l'étude du français a été reprise et vérifiée à l'épreuve des faits issus du wolof.... Cette thèse a donc permis de poser clairement, que la réduplication fonctionne par un mécanisme invariant, et qu'elle est différente de la répétition même si ces deux procédés ont des points communs<br>This thesis deals with reduplication and repetition in French and Wolof (an unwritten language spoken in Senegal) in a typological perspective. Reduplication has often been considered to be marginal in a widely spoken language such as French and English. A major reason often given is that it mainly occurs in the spoken form of the language. Our analysis shows that it does not occur more in Wolof than in French, since similar reduplicated categories (nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.) can be found in both languages. In French, for example, one can reduplicate proper names (e.g. Dédé, Vava etc.), nouns (e.g. salade-salade), verbs (e.g. il pleut-pleut), adjectives (e.g. joli-joli) and adverbs (e.g. loin-loin); and in Wolof, one can reduplicate patronyms (e.g. wade-wade) toponyms (e.g. bawol-bawol), lexical tap roots (e.g. am-am ‘possession’), adverbs (e.g. leeg-leeg 'often') and nouns (e.g. goor-goor-lu 'resourceful'). This thesis is realized within the framework of the theory of predicative and enunciative operations (Fr. TOPE) initiated by Culioli. In line with Culioli (1990: 117), Kabore (1998), Osu (2007, 2010), this thesis argues that reduplication is a process that involves the operation of determination. Indeed, it implies that an occurrence of a given notional domain is determined with reference to another occurrence of the domain. in question. In this view, we have regarded the juxtaposition of the two components as a marker of a linguistic operation and outlined the role of each component of the reduplicative structure. Thus, we show that the first component of the structure represents an unspecified occurrence while the second stands for the representative occurrence ofa notional domain. As for the juxtaposition, its role consits of identifying the unspecified occurrence in relation to the representative occurrence, rewritten as follows: . This analysis which was first outlined while studying reduplication in French was then applied to Wolofin the light of facts from this language....This thesis clearly shows that reduplication has an invariant abstract generalizable working mechanism, and that it is quite different from repetition even though the two processes seem to have similar features
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Davis-Allen, Pamela Marie. "Gypsy Soul, Wolf Spirit." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1244129031.
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Waite, Rebecca S. L. "Katherine Anne Porter's "Old Mortality" and Virginia Woolf: A Study in Feminism." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626152.
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Penna-Diaw, Luciana Deborah. "La musique vocale de trois religions du pays wolof au Sénégal. Etude comparative." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0348.
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L'enjeu de ce travail est de déterminer s'il existe "une" musique wolof, ou bien plusieurs, qui correspondraient chacune à l'une des trois anciens royaumes Kajoor, Saalum et Waalo. La présente étude, à la fois synchronique et diachronique, s'appuie sur des enregistrements effectués sur des périodes distinctes: les plus récentes entre 2000 et 2006 ; les autres entre 1950 et 1970. Ce travail se base sur deux approches incontournables et complémentaires : la systématique musicale et la catégorisation vernaculaire. Il montre que sur le plan anthropoplogique, on ne constate pas de différences d'une région à une autre. En revanche, la musique comporte des variantes. La plupart des répertoires, dans les trois régions, sont partagés par l'ensemble des Wolofs, et procèdent d'"un seul et même" idiome musical. Enfin, si certains répertoires ont disparu, d'autres sont parvenus à survivre durant des siècles et ce jusqu'à nos jours, en se renouvelant<br>The aim of this work is to specify whether there is a Wolof music or several that would be from one of the three ancient kingdoms of Kajoor, Saalum and Walo. This study is both synchronic and diachronic. It relies on music records done at distinct periods. The latest are between 2000 and 2006 and the others between 1950 and 1970. This work is based on two complementary and essential approaches which are the musical systematic and the vernacular classification. It shows there is no difference to be noticed from one region to another anthropologically speaking. But there are disparities in the music. Most of the repertoire in the three regions are common to the Wolof and come from a sole and same musical idiom. Finally, if a few repertoire have sinked into oblivion, others survived through the centuries up to nowadays while renewing
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Beutel, Andrew Leo. "THE REVOLT AGAINST MOURNING: WOOLF, JOYCE, FAULKNER, AND BEYOND." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/95.
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The Revolt against Mourning calls into question the widespread critical alignment of literary modernism with Freudian melancholia. Focusing instead on “mourning,” through close readings of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, James Joyce’s Ulysses, and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, I demonstrate how their depictions of this notion overturn both its traditional and contemporary understandings. Whereas Freud conceives mourning as a psychic labor that the subject slowly and painfully carries out, Woolf, Joyce, and Faulkner convey it as a destabilizing, subversive, and transformative force to which the subject is radically passive. For Freud, mourning is a matter of severing one’s libidinal bond to the lost other and reinvesting the free libido in a new object. But these modernists show that this bond is not in fact something we have the power to sever. Rather, precisely because we must stay internally bound to the lost other, we are always exposed to being usurped and altered by its alterity. Indeed, what my readings disclose is that these novels end up being (dis)possessed by the spectral force unleashed in them. I argue, however, that each writer can be read as attempting a textual exorcism to free his or her novel from this force by invoking a vital, dynamic movement I call “life.” But although Woolf, Joyce, and Faulkner seek such liberation, their narrative experiments ultimately fail to achieve it. And yet, for that very reason, Mrs. Dalloway, Ulysses, and The Sound and the Fury further illuminate how mourning both precedes and exceeds our desire to master it and binds us to the others we lose, perhaps for the entirety of our lives.
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Taylor, Oliver. "An organism of words : body language in the letters, diaries, and novels of D.H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2252/.
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This thesis investigates body language in the letters, diaries, and novels of D. H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf It engages with literary critical readings of their work, research from non-verbal communication studies, and philosophical accounts of the body in order to offer detailed readings of their presentation of non-verbal behaviour. Throughout the thesis, the term "body language" is used to describe the writing of the body and non-verbal communication within certain texts and the way in which the language of these texts is inflected by the body. One particular concern of the study is the importance of embodiment to the writing of perception in these works. The phenomenological writing of Maurice Merleau-Ponty is therefore a touchstone for readings which foreground the senses and a sensuous engagement with space. This strand of the thesis is informed by theories of space as well as situating itself amongst contemporary accounts of the Modern period that consider the influence of technology on these very senses. A further concern of the thesis, then, is to examine the vocabulary developed and employed by these Modern writers in order to write this new relationship of the human with technology and space. Their turn towards a posthuman poetics of perception gives voice to these new imbrications and to their appraisal, through the senses, of what it means to be human. This is in keeping with the general purpose of the thesis, namely, to evaluate the techniques and styles that these authors use in order to write the body and body language, ones in which they confront the paradox of writing non-verbal behaviour within their inherently verbal modes.
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Blomqvist, Kristina. "Walter Kempowskis Tadellöser & Wolff im Lichte narratologischer Theorien." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tyska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100897.
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Walter Kempowski (1929-2007) is one of the most important authors in post-war German literature. In 1971, he published his first novel, Tadellöser & Wolff. This historical novel takes its point of departure in the everyday life of the bourgeois Kempowski family in Rostock shortly before and during World War II until the surrender of the city to the Red Army. The novel was initially very well received by literary critics and was also a commercial success. After the adaptation of the novel for film in 1975, Kempowski became even more of a public figure and won popular acclaim. In the film, however, important aspects of the novel’s literary mediation were lost, and as a result, the attitude among critics towards Kempowski changed considerably. In some groups he was viewed with suspicion and seen as the uncritical representative of the bourgeoisie. It was not until the beginning of the 1990s that he received extensive praise and recognition, much due to the publication of his multi-volume historical documentary work, Echolot. The present study explores Kempowski’s mode of writing in Tadellöser & Wolff from a narratological perspective. The main theoretical points of departure for the analysis are Franz K. Stanzel, one of the leading scholars of classical narratology, and Monika Fludernik, his successor in postmodern narratology. The mediation in the novel is very intricate and carries its theme in a complex and significant way. Though the novel depicts the milieu and atmosphere of the time in a detailed and realistic manner and, through the narrator, the voices, thoughts and opinions of the period resonate in a rich polyphony, yet the predominant narrative perspective is exploited in such a marked way as to create distance to what is portrayed. The fictional first-person narrator proves to be not altogether reliable.
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Dragana, Šnjegota. "Genetička struktura i filogeografski položaj vuka (Canis lupus L. 1758) Bosne i Hercegovine." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110220&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Ovom tezom je obuhvaćena analiza genetičke strukture i filogeografskog položaja vuka (<em>Canis lupus L. </em>1758) na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine, na uzorku od ukupno 79 jedinki. Analize su sprovedene primjenom (i) 18 mikrosatelitskih lokusa nDNK pomoću kojih su detektovani: nivo genetičke varijabilnosti, populaciona struktura, prolazak populacije kroz genetičko usko grlo, te ukrštanje u srodstvu, i (ii) kontrolnog regiona (CR) regiona mtDNK pomoću kojih su sprovedene filogeografske analize. U radu je uočeno je grupisanje jedinki vuka Bosne i Hercegovine u dva genetička klastera što, s obzirom na slabu statističku podržanost, najvjerovatnije ukazuje na prisustvo strukture na većem nivou. Prethodno navedeno je detektovano analizama populacione strukture dijela dinarsko - balkanske populacije vuka,gdje je uočena distribucija vukova Bosne i Hercegovine i Srbije u odvojene genetičke klastere. Statistički značajni signali prolaska populacije vuka Bosne i Hercegovine kroz genetičko usko grlo u skorijoj prošlosti nisu detektovani. Sekvence kontrolnog regiona mtDNK vuka pokazale su se dovoljno informativnim za detekciju jedinstvenih haplotipova vuka Bosne i Hercegovine, za koje je uočena distribucija u dvije, prethodno u literaturi, detektovane haplogrupe bez jasnog alopatrijskog obrasca. Pored toga, analizama sekvenci dijela kontrolnog regiona mtDNK uzorka vuka Evrope, uočeno je da se demografska ekspanzija haplogrupe 2 desila mnogo ranije u prošlosti u odnosu na period ekspanzije haplogrupe 1, koji se poklapa sa periodom razdvajanja navedenih haplogrupa, prije oko 13000 godina, što ukazuje da je posljednji glacijalni maksimum imao uticaja u oblikovanju strukture genetičkih linija vuka u prošlosti. Rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju su veoma informativni u cilju uspostavljanja pravilnog menadžmenta vrste i kreiranja plana zaštite vuka na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine, odnosno, na nivou dinarsko - balkanske populacije vuka iz koje se vrše rekolonizacije jedinki u susjedne populacije.<br>In this thesis, the genetic structure and phylogeography of the wolf (Canis L. 1758) in the territory of Bosnia and Hercegovina were analysed, from a total sample of 79 individuals. Analyses were conducted by applying (i) 18 microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA, by which we estimated: the level of genetic variability, population structure, kinship, bottleneck and inbreeding, and (ii) control region of mtDNA by which we analysed phylogeography. Two genetic clusters were observed for the wolf population from Bosnia and Hercegovina, although with statistically low support, which may point to structuring at the higher level. Indeed, after analysing the population structure at the higher, Dinaric - Balkan level, the distribution of wolves from Bosnia and Hercegovina and Serbia was observed as falling into two distinct genetic clusters. Statistically significant signs of the recent bottleneck were not observed in the wolf population from Bosnia and Hercegovina. Analyses of control region mtDNA were conducted with the aim of detecting haplotypes in the Bosnia and Hercegovina population, as well as in the European samples. Distribution of haplotypes into two haplogroups, described in previous literature, was observed, without a clear alopatric phylogeny pattern. Furthermore, the analyses of the same molecular marker showed that demographic expansion of haplogroup 2 occurred significantly earlier when compared to the demographic explosion of haplogroup 1 . Results from this study are extremely important for the creation of a management plan for wolves from Bosnia and Hercegovina, and at the higher Dinaric - Balkan level.
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DeWald, Rebecca Maria. "Possible worlds : textual equality in Jorge Luis Borges's (pseudo-)translations of Virginia Woolf and Franz Kafka." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7183/.
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This thesis re-evaluates the relationship between original text and translation through an approach that assumes the equality of source and target texts. This is based on the translation strategy expressed in the work of the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges and theoretical approaches by Walter Benjamin and Michel Foucault, as well as exponents of Possible World Theory. Rather than considering what may be lost in translation, this thesis focuses on why we insist on maintaining a border between the textual phenomena ‘translation’ and ‘original’ and argues for a mutually enriching dialogue between a text and its translation. The opening chapter investigates marginal cases of translation and determines where one form (original) ends and the other (translation) begins. The case studies derive from the anthology Cuentos breves y extraordinarios (edited by Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares) and include ‘pseudotranslations’: texts presented as translations even though no linguistic transfer precedes them. Another example is Borges’s self-translation of his Spanish poem ‘Mañana’ into German as ‘Südlicher Morgen’ for the Expressionist poet Kurt Heynicke. Although an original text, the pseudotranslation is judged as a translation, problematizing the boundary between the two. Since its perception changes over time, it unsettles the idea of the stable text by positing a text in progress. The analysis of the effects of the translation is supported by a discussion of Michel Foucault’s categorization expressed in Les mots et les choses (1966). Translations are regarded as coins, which gain value through their ability to represent, and create heterotopias: potentially existing non-places, which escape logic and thereby create an ‘uneasy laughter.’ Heterotopias are based on anti-logical orders, exemplified in the organisation of Antología de la literatura fantástica, collaboratively edited by Borges, Bioy Casares and Silvina Ocampo in 1940. This organisation invites an interpretation based on resemblance rather than comparison, the latter of which always results in the production and reproduction of hierarchies. In Chapter Two, I uncover the fraudulent assumption that an original is a stable text. I make recourse to Walter Benjamin’s definition of origin in ‘Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers’ (1923) as ‘the eddy in the stream of becoming’, and André Lefevere’s notion of the refracted text, explaining that our first encounters with a classic text are mostly made through abridged, altered, and interpreted versions. Collaborative work also unsettles the idea of the single author as source and guarantor of authenticity, exemplified through examples of Borges and Bioy Casares’s collaboration, and Borges’s collaborative translations with Norman Thomas di Giovanni. I elaborate on Possible World Theory (PWT) following Marie-Laure Ryan and Ruth Ronen, explaining key terms and concepts and showing that PWT offers an alternative to thinking about the relationship of original text and translation as hierarchical. PWT can be employed to consider source text and target text to be possible, parallel versions of a fictional world. The findings lead to a link between authenticity and the different reception of original and translated texts. I note that the term ‘authenticity’, often used in reference to the original, also has ‘murderous’ connotations. Applied to a text, ‘inauthenticity’ might therefore be a more helpful term in discussing its ‘afterlife’ (Fortleben; Benjamin) as an inauthentic text. An effective way of ensuring a text can be read as ‘inauthentic’ is to dissimulate its origin and relations, whilst also unsettling the authority of the author and translator. The theoretical examination of hierarchies and categorization is then illustrated in case studies analysing Borges’s contrasting translations of works by Virginia Woolf and Franz Kafka. Chapter Three focuses on translations of Orlando and A Room of One’s Own attributed to Borges. While it remains uncertain whether Borges did in fact translate Woolf’s texts himself, the notion of ‘translatorship’ comes into focus. The continuation of claiming Borges as the translator serves to aid the publication of the translations by making use of the famous translator’s name. I give an overview over the publishing environment in Argentina of the 1930s into which the Woolf texts were translated, with particular focus on the readership of the publishing house Sur. I thereby foreground Victoria Ocampo’s particular interest in having Woolf translated into Spanish, since Ocampo considered Woolf a role model for feminism. Feminist discussions show parallels with the way in which translations and original texts are separated. Borges’s Orlando furthermore triggered controversy concerning his handling of gender issues. I offer a reading of the text along the lines of Feminist Translation Studies, as expressed by Sherry Simon, Luise von Flotow and Lori Chamberlain, amongst others. I argue that Borges’s translation can be read ‘inauthentically’ as fidelity becomes a movable factor. I regard the translations of Orlando and A Room of One’s Own attributed to Borges as texts translated in a feminist way as they offer many possible worlds of interpretation and much undecidability. The notion of ‘translatorship’ is picked up again in the final Chapter Four, as it applies equally to the translation of Franz Kafka’s ‘Die Verwandlung’ as ‘La metamorfosis.’ Since there are different versions of ‘La metamorfosis,’ the quest for the translator also questions where ‘translation’ ends and ‘editing’ begins. The popularity of Borges’s version might furthermore be particularly linked to this uncertainty, as I argue that the veneration of Kafka’s work is, at least in part, due to the fragmentary nature in which his work survived. This incompletion enables many possible interpretations of his texts, which thereby appear as perfect pieces of literature since they, like Foucault’s coin, are uncorrodable and have the ability to represent, much like inauthentic texts. The ‘inauthentic’ literary treatment of translating in collaboration, as is the case when Borges and Bioy Casares translate ‘Cuatro reflexiones’, ‘Josefina la cantora’, ‘La verdad sobre Sancho Panza’ and ‘El silencio de las sirenas’ is hence particularly adequate for these fragments. The translations in collaboration, besides undermining the authorial genius of the single author, also feature particular destructions of the perfection of the original. The concluding chapter summarises the findings concerning the questions as to why there should be a hierarchy between the reception of original texts and translations, why this hierarchy is so persistent, and what alternatives may be offered instead. I demonstrate how the selected case studies are exemplary of alternative approaches to Translation Studies and to what effect PWT and Borges have been helpful in pursuing this approach. I then suggest further routes of research, including: an increased visibility of translations in academic disciplines, through publishing books and reviews; further study on the translations of Argentine literature into an Anglo-American context and the ‘decolonized’ effect this could have; and an update of Feminist Translation Studies to expand it to Transgender Translation Studies. I finally suggest that the uncertain and unsettling effect brought about by translation in its creation of multiple worlds should be embraced as a way of reading and writing inauthentically.
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Mbaye, Mame Couna. "Entre universalité et spécificité : étude de quelques énoncés culturels espagnols : approche croisée en français et wolof de repères d'accès au sens pour les apprenants." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0003.
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L'objectif premier de ce travail a été d'analyser et de démontrer la relation intrinsèque entre langue et culture dans les proverbes que nous appelons Énoncés Culturels (E.C). Á ce premier objectif s'ajoute un second, qui est de prouver que par ce fait, les E.C peuvent constituer un outil pédagogique dans l'enseignement/apprentissage de la langue espagnole en tant que langue étrangère. Le premier objectif nous a amené à poser le paradoxe des concepts d'universalité et de spécificité relatifs aux E.C. Ainsi, face à ces principaux objectifs, nous avons, dans une première partie, esquissé des bases théoriques et méthodologiques susceptibles de nous aider à mener à bien ce travail. D'un point de vue théorique, pour asseoir les contours de notre concept E.C, nous nous sommes basée essentiellement sur le structuralisme génétique de Lucien Goldmann avec les notions de création culturelle, d'universalité et de spécificité, de vision du monde et d'idéologie. Quant à la dimension analytique, en adoptant la sociolinguistique comme démarche, nous l'avons exposée dans les deuxième et troisième parties à travers deux sortes de corpus. Le premier est choisi par le biais du structuralisme génétique à travers deux caractéristiques universelles, "le temps" et "la parole". Afin de démontrer l’universalité et la spécificité relatives aux E.C, nous avons aussi eu recours à la langue wolof, par l’intermédiaire d’une proposition d’équivalence entre E.C espagnols et wolof. Pour chaque E.C de ce corpus, l'analyse s'est faite en considérant des dimensions morphosyntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique mais aussi idéologique. Pour ce qui est du second corpus, il s’agit du roman La familia de Pascual Duarte de Camilo José Cela. Son analyse s'est centrée sur différents rôles que les E.C peuvent avoir en discours, ainsi que sur leur traduction à travers la traduction française de ce même roman. Le choix de ces deux corpus se justifie par l'autre objectif de ce travail qui est une application didactique des E.C. Nous avons ainsi proposé des méthodes d’application de notre outil de recherche en classe de langue. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes basée sur l'ensemble de notre corpus de départ, tout en proposant d’autres formes de corpus qui nous ont également paru pertinents (corpus de chansons et corpus informatisé) dans notre projet de démontrer l'importance et les intérêts des E.C en classe d’apprentissage et d’enseignement d’une langue étrangère comme l’espagnol<br>The first aim of this study was to analyze and to show the inner link between language and culture which can be found in cultural statements (sayings, proverbs, etc.). However this first purpose was doubled by a second one which intends to show that culture statements are helpful didactic instruments in the teaching/learning process of Spanish as a foreign language. And then, we thought about a paradoxical issue connected to the universality and to the specificity of these cultural statements. Such a study helped us to see that while some cultural statements keep their universal features, at the same time they display what can be termed as their cultural and linguistic specificities. To deal with all these topics, we first outlined theoretical and methodological bases. Theoretically, to grasp the limits of this field, we focused our analysis on Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism going hand in hand with notions such as cultural invention, universality, specificity, ideology and word view. As far as the analytical dimension of the study is concerned, we followed a sociolinguistic step examined in details in the second and the third part of the two corpuses. The first corpus was chosen through genetic structuralism and among the two universal parameters "Time" and "Speech". To show the universality and the specificity linked to the E.C, we have also backed on the wolof language by adopting equivalences of E.C between spanish and wolof. And for each class of cultural statements of the corpus, the analysis is in keeping with morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic data as well as with ideological views. As regards the second corpus, in our analysis we laid an emphasis not only on the novel, La familia de Pascual Duarte of Camilo José Cela, but we also looked at the different roles of these statements in speech and at their translations, mainly at the french version of this novel. The choice of the two corpuses can be justified by the last not the least aim of this study which is about the didactic use of cultural statements. Thus, we showed the existing ways to deal with this research-topic in language (teaching/learning) classes. Even if the main focus was on our very first corpus, we did not forget to explain that other types of corpuses such as songs or computerized corpus seem to be of a great importance and to mention the interest of cultural statements in teaching/learning classes of a foreign language, like Spanish
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Thiaw, Ndeye Fatou. "Adjectifs prédicatifs et collocations en wolf." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131001.
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Ce travail est issu d’une réflexion sur la désambiguïsation lexicale, problème fondamental qui a été très peu traité en wolof et auquel l’équipe du projet de dictionnaire électronique unilingue wolof et bilingue wolof-français a été confrontée lors de l’élaboration des définitions des lexèmes dépistés au départ d’un corpus textuel et lors du traitement des unités polysémiques. L’objectif fixé dans cette étude était, dans un premier temps, de vérifier qu’il est possible, en wolof, de délimiter la catégorie des adjectifs qualificatifs en se basant sur les critères définitionnels développés au LDI. Dans un second temps, de compléter le projet unilingue par la création d’un dictionnaire des adjectifs prédicatifs du wolof sur une base sémantique ainsi que de lister au moyen d’un large éventail de corpus textuels les collocations adjectivales<br>This work is the result of a reflection on the word sense disambiguation, fundamental problem that has been poorly treated in Wolof and which the project team unilingual electronic dictionary Wolof Wolof-French bilingual faced when developing definitions of lexemes detected starting from a textual corpus and when processing of ambiguous units. The objective in this study was, firstly, to check that it is possible, in Wolof, to define the category of qualifying adjectives based on the definitional criteria developed in the LDI. In a second time to complete the unilingual project by creating a dictionary of the Wolof predicative adjectives on a semantic basis, as well as list using a wide range of textual corpora the adjectival collocations
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Pillière, Linda. "Etude linguistique de quelques propriétés du style de Virginia Woolf." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040329.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier le style de Virginia Woolf d'un point de vue linguistique et d'expliquer comment divers effets de style peuvent coexister chez le même auteur. A partir d'une sélection de citations trouvées chez les critiques littéraires et de ce que dit l'auteur, deux termes se dégagent : la fluidité et la fragmentation. Après avoir analysé ces deux termes, nous procédons à une étude approfondie de trois extraits des romans de Virginia Woolf : un extrait de "Jacob's room" où l'effet semble plutôt "fragmenté", un extrait de "Mrs Dalloway" (exemple du style "fluide") et un extrait de "The years" où les deux effets coexistent. Il ressort de nos analyses que certains procédés langagiers sont communs aux trois textes que nous regroupons en conclusion de cette partie. Ensuite, nous entreprenons une analyse plus fine des marqueurs grammaticaux et élargissons notre étude en comparant nos résultats avec la technique romanesque de Virginia Woolf dans d'autres romans. Nous examinons la notion de récit et comment Woolf brise la linéarité du récit par l'absence de séquence, la rupture et l'inversion, dans son désir de rendre compte de la complexité du réel. Les annexes offrent d'autres exemples de ces procédés. En conclusion, nous constatons que la remise en question de la linéarité, loin de détruire tous les liens, permet à l'auteur de tisser d'autres relations et notamment des relations paradigmatiques. De même, si les termes de fluidité et de fragmentation s'appliquent bien à des passages isoles, ils n'offrent qu'une vision partielle du style woolfien, l'effet global étant une interaction des divers éléments qui se modifient au fur et à mesure que le texte avance<br>This thesis aims to present a lexicogrammatical study of Virginia Woolf’s style, and to explain how apparently contradictory stylistic effects can coexist in an author's work. A survey of Woolf’s critics, and comments made by the author herself, reveal that two terms are often applied to her style : fluidity and fragmentation. After analysing these two concepts we undertake a detailed analysis of three extracts from her novels. The extract from "Jacob's room" offers an illustration of her fragmented style, the passage from "Mrs Dalloway" is an example of her fluid style and the one from "The years" illustrates the coexistence of both effects. The stylistic traits common to all three texts are studied in the third chapter, as is the predominant role of repetition. The final chapter offers a closer study of certain lexicogrammatical items present in the three extracts and other novels by Virginia Woolf. The concept of narrative and the methods used by Woolf to break the linear sequence of narrative are examined. The absence of sequence, both temporal and causal, the rupture of sequence and the inversion of sequence are each studied in turn, and the various lexicogrammatical elements pertaining to them. Other examples feature in a table at the end of the thesis. From this analysis we realise that breaking textual linearity does not necessarily lead to all cohesive ties disappearing. On the contrary, other ties and links appear within the text, notably paradigmatic relations. We conclude that an overall stylistic effect is a combination of different elements interacting and modifying each other and, while fragmentation or fluidity may exist within a passage studied in isolation, within the larger framework of Woolf's works the effect may be very different
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Feutrel, Anita. "Une étude sur la corrélation entre la culture et la langue par l’emploi du wolof dans La grève des báttu d’Aminata Sow Fall." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29478.
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Ce mémoire met en lumière la corrélation qui existe entre l’utilisation d’une langue et sa culture. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur le roman La grève des bàttu par Aminata Sow Fall (2011). La thèse de départ est que la culture de l’auteur influe sur sa narration ainsi que sur le vocabulaire utilisé. Dans cette étude nous mettons en évidence les traits caractéristiques de la société sénégalaise trouvés dans le texte de ce roman. Nous faisons également un bref survol de l’histoire du Sénégal étant donné que cela influe sur la situation langagière de ce pays, ainsi que dans de nombreuses anciennes colonies françaises. Le Sénégal est pris en étau entre une langue officielle, dans ce cas le français et une langue véhiculaire, ici le wolof, un mélange entre modernité et tradition. Nous démontrerons que cette dualité du langage est indispensable à l’auteur pour exprimer au plus près son ressenti et tout ce qui est lié à la culture du pays.<br>The relationship between a language and its culture is highlighted in this study through the Senegalese writer Amin ata Sow Fall’s book La grève des báttu. The need of using a native language for all aspects connected to its culture is pointed out by the major characteristics of the Senegalese culture as well as the language used to describe these. The study also onsiders the difficulties that many of the foreign colonies, like Senegal, are experiencing regarding the language. Senegal is being stuck between an official language which in this case is French, representing modernity, and a local language such as Wolof representing tradition. We will show that both languages are being just as necessary for the author, aiming to be as trustworthy as possible telling her story.
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O'Dowd, Robert [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Rüschoff, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolff. "Network-based language teaching and the development of intercultural communicative competence / Robert O'Dowd. Gutachter: Dieter Wolff. Betreuer: Bernd Rüschoff." Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049647416/34.
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O'Dowd, Robert [Verfasser], Bernd Akademischer Betreuer] Rüschoff, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wolff. "Network-based language teaching and the development of intercultural communicative competence / Robert O'Dowd. Gutachter: Dieter Wolff. Betreuer: Bernd Rüschoff." Duisburg, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20140325-075352-6.
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