Dissertations / Theses: 'Wolves in the burner'

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Šprincl, Petr. "Vlci v hořáku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232438.

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My grandfather 's name is Adolf Šprincl . Over 12 years he was a professional coach hockey teams in France (with various interruptions from 1971 to 1994 ) , where he trained teams in Tours, Villard de Lans and Grenoble. The last named team is most associated with him. Les Loups de Brleurs - Wolves in the burner. My father's name is Milan Šprincl . From the age of 5 years he`s playing hockey. From the age of 18 years it played at a professional level in the Czech first league . The most important places in his life are hockey stadiums in Jihlava and Hodonin. Both stadiums stands on the site of a old cemetery in neighborhood there is a Baroque cemeterychapel. I tried to play hockey, but I failed. I continue in the family tradition of hockey and also the grandfather's work in Grenoble. Documentary film with elements of experimental manipulations and fiction passages will map to the development of French hockey and also the mystique associated with hockey . Attempts to reveal a seemingly random connections between hockey and sacred land for the rest of the dead. At the same time this film plans to close a series of films with the theme of my personal family history, to which I perceive in abstract forms. The film is shot on VHS camcoder. I shoot hockey stadiums (especially in Hodonin and Jihlava ) in which interests me as architectural monumentality of these sports , but also the context in which they are found (hockey arena on former cemeteries , etc. ) . The next part takes place in France , near Grenoble, where he focuses on the current state of French hockey (interviews with prominent personalities of French hockey - Jean Leblond / Vice President of the French hockey , Dany Grandor / former player Grenobelu - officer team, Stéphane Bailles / first hockey scout in France, Jean - Luc Dalaison / journalist Le Dauphiné and others) and link to my grandfather , who is one of the most important figures in the history of the hockey team Bruleurs Les Loups de Grenoble . Another important part is i work with historical documents ( articles in French and Czech press about his grandfather , his personal correspondence , notebooks with notes for training and game strategy , and also relics of his time in France) and a part takes place on the ice rink , where you will be using the other game lines and projections manipulated match in hockey (tells the legend of the mountain Vercors of wolves who ate people ) . Part of the film is the creation of costumes (especially hockey jerseys ) and props.

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Rocha, Luciana Helena Silva. "When wolves cry: long distance calling by wild maned wolves." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20309.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
O lobo-guar? (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815) ? o maior can?deo da Am?rica do Sul e encontra-se quase-amea?ado de extin??o segundo a IUCN. Por ser uma esp?cie noturna, territorial e com h?bitos solit?rios, ainda h? muitos aspectos pouco estudados sobre seu comportamento em ambiente natural, entre eles a comunica??o ac?stica. Em seu repert?rio vocal, o lobo apresenta a vocaliza??o de longa-dist?ncia chamada de ?aulido? a qual, segundo a literatura, tem fun??o de manuten??o do espa?amento entre indiv?duos e/ou comunica??o entre os membros do par reprodutivo dentro do territ?rio. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivos: 1) comparar quatro m?todos de detec??o dos aulidos de lobo-guar? em grava??es feitas em ambiente natural, buscando eleger o mais eficiente para nosso projeto; 2) entender como se d? o padr?o noturno de emiss?o dessas vocaliza??es, verificando se as condi??es clim?ticas e as fases da lua influenciam nas taxas de emiss?o de aulidos; e 3) testar o Monitoramento Ac?stico Passivo como ferramenta na identifica??o da presen?a de lobos-guar? em ambiente natural. A ?rea de estudo foi o Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais, Brasil) e foram utilizados gravadores aut?nomos para aquisi??o dos sons, os quais gravaram durante toda a noite (18h-06h) durante cinco dias de dezembro/2013 e durante todos os dias dos meses de abril a julho/2014. Os m?todos de detec??o de aulidos foram testados e comparados com rela??o ao tempo necess?rio para analisar os arquivos, n?mero de falsos positivos e n?mero de aulidos corretamente identificados. O m?todo misto (XBAT+manual) foi o mais eficiente, encontrando 100% das vocaliza??es em quase metade do tempo do m?todo manual, e foi eleito para an?lise dos nossos dados. O estudo da varia??o temporal da emiss?o de aulidos verificou que os lobos vocalizam mais nas primeiras horas da noite, o que sugere uma fun??o social importante para esses chamados no in?cio de seu per?odo de atividade mais intenso. A velocidade m?dia do vento influenciou negativamente a frequ?ncia de vocaliza??es, o que pode indicar baixa recep??o sonora dos gravadores ou altera??o nos padr?es comportamentais dos lobos em condi??es de ventos fortes. ? necess?rio um melhor entendimento da varia??o sazonal da atividade vocal dos lobos-guar?, mas nosso estudo j? demonstra ser poss?vel detectar padr?es comportamentais de animais selvagens apenas atrav?s do som, validando o Monitoramento Ac?stico Passivo como ferramenta na conserva??o dessa esp?cie.
The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815) is the biggest canid in South America and it is considered a ?near threatened? species by IUCN. Because of its nocturnal, territorial and solitary habits, there are still many understudied aspects of their behavior in natural environments, including acoustic communication. In its vocal repertoire, the wolf presents a longdistance call named ?roar-bark? which, according to literature, functions for spacing maintenance between individuals and/or communication between members of the reproductive pair inside the territory. In this context, this study aimed: 1) to compare four methods for detecting maned wolf?s roar-barks in recordings made in a natural environment, in order to elect the most efficient one for our project; 2) to understand the night emission pattern of these vocalizations, verifying possible weather and moon phases influences in roarbark?s emission rates; and 3) to test Passive Acoustic Monitoring as a tool to identify the presence of maned wolves in a natural environment. The study area was the Serra da Canastra National Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil), where autonomous recorders were used for sound acquisition, recording all night (from 06pm to 06am) during five days in December/2013 and every day from April to July/2014. Roar-barks? detection methods were tested and compared regarding time needed to analyze files, number of false positives and number of correctly identified calls. The mixed method (XBAT + manual) was the most efficient one, finding 100% of vocalizations in almost half of the time the manual method did, being chosen for our data analysis. By studying roarbarks? temporal variation we verified that the wolves vocalize more in the early hours of the evening, suggesting an important social function for those calls at the beginning of its period of most intense activity. Average wind speed negatively influenced vocalization rate, which may indicate lower sound reception of recorders or a change in behavioral patterns of wolves in high speed wind conditions. A better understanding of seasonal variation of maned wolves? vocal activity is required, but our study already shows that it is possible to detect behavioral patterns of wild animals only by sound, validating PAM as a tool in this species? conservation.

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Shinholser, John H. "The Wolves of Gehenna." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1832.

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A novel by JS Harlow. Mattock Corwin, a young man living in the vampire ruled kingdom of Gehenna, discovers that he is a mage and must escape the land of his birth before the rulers of his land destroy him as a potential threat to their power.

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Willard, Audrey L. "Presenting wolves as wolves educational outreach in the debate about wolf management in the west /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/a_willard_111408.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on mon. day, 2009). "School of Earth and Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-64).

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Spark, Roberta D. "Men's movements, wolves in sheep's clothing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36085.pdf.

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Young, Jo Anne. "Animal viewing in postmodern America a case study of the Yellowstone wolf watchers /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/young/YoungJ0507.pdf.

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Liley, Stewart Grayson. "Elk (Cervus elaphus) vigilance levels in response to predation risk from wolves (Canis lupus)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/liley/LileyS0507.pdf.

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Mohammadi, Peyman. "DLE burner water rig simulations." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Computer Science and Electronics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-626.

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In today’s industrial world, there are high demands on the environmental aspects.

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT AB) is a company that is keen about the environment, and therefore spends a lot of effort in developing combustion processes in order to reduce NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions on their engine products. They are also researching in optional fuels, which are more environment-friendly.

In order to provide lower emissions the SIT designed a water rig to study the flow dynamics in a DLE (Dry Low Emission) burner.

An analyze program (GUI horizontal) was developed with new functions and the existing functions were improved. The program’s function was to evaluate different experimental tests of the flow dynamics in the 3rd generation DLE burners, of the SGT-800 gas turbine engine.

The aim was to ensure repeatability to enhance reliability, of the experimental test results for further comparison, for upcoming projects concerning future DLE burners.

When repeatability was achieved, implementations of different geometrical modifications were performed in the 3rd generation DLE burner.

The reason of the geometrical alterations was to look over if better fuel air mixture could be obtained and accordingly (thus) to reduce hotspots in the burner and in that case reduce NOx emissions.

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Ross, Thomas M. "Wolves in wolves' clothing : the role of the Chechen mafia in the formation of an independent Chechen Republic." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5660.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
The path to Chechen autonomy has been tumultuous. Over the past 200 years, internal and external forces have played significant roles in shaping the territory and identity of the Chechen nation. Fierce resistance by Chechens has led Russian officials to label the region's inhabitants as criminals. Chechen criminality was also affected by punishments for this resistance. Chechen resistance eventually let to the mass criminalization of the entire Chechen ethnicity. Mass criminalization exposed the Chechens to a wider Russian criminal world. Through illegal activities, Chechen criminals amassed significant resources. As the Soviet Union fell, Chechen organized crime groups were poised to support the bid for national independence led by former Soviet General Djohar Dudayev. This thesis contends that bottom-up and top-down forces were critical in forming a perception of Chechen criminality. The perception of criminality and its attendant punishments supported the rise of actual criminality, in a time where crime made possible the amassing of significant amounts of wealth and power. It was wealth and power that Dudayev's fledgling government needed, Chechen organized crime groups would provide but at a cost. While providing material support to Dudayev organized crime elements infiltrated government positions to further their own interests

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Smart, John Philip. "On the effect of burner scale and coal quality on low NOâ†x burner performance." Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262555.

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Tallents, Lucy A. "Determinants of reproductive success in Ethiopian wolves." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442999.

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Nobel, Laura Briana. "The Nature of People's Perceptions of Wolves." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2683.

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European immigrants once regarded wolves as the "devil in disguise" (Lopez, 1978, p.40). With our growing awareness of other cultural perspectives and flourishing body of scientific knowledge with regard to wolves' behavior, our perceptions of wolves have become more complicated and nuanced. Our collective awareness of the environment in which we live also gathers complexity. I examine these issues in this study. Wolves are returning to Oregon. The arrival of wolf B-45 in 1999 heralded the beginning of the return of wild wolves to Oregon. More wolves are expected to cross the border as young sub-adults disperse from the growing population in Idaho. This study explores our perceptions of wolves using empirical, qualitative methodology. Running in parallel with this main goal, I also seek to understand how these perceptions relate on a larger scale to the ways we understand nature. In exploring these questions qualitatively, I seek to answer the following questions: (a) What ways can story play a role in defining people’s perceptions, in particular, of wolves? (b) What lessons can be learned to inform future ecological educators' work to communicate on this or other similarly complex topics? (c) What is the collective story that we can tell each other on the eve of wolves' presence in the Oregon landscape becoming an acknowledged reality once again? (d) Finally, how can what is learned inform future ecological educational programs regarding wolves in the state? This study explores the above questions. In considering people's perceptions, I attempt to examine whether the desires to exterminate wolves are really gone. Perhaps, as we learn more about the complex ways that wolves interact in the landscape and the various ways that humans react to the idea of wolves, we may recognize the greater complexities in the ways we inter-relate with them.

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Valley, Madeleine. "Gentle Wolves: Re-Contextualizing Fairy Tale Illustration." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1367427355.

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Grönwall, Fred. "Optimization of Burner Kiln7, Cementa Slite." Thesis, Institutionen för energi och teknik, SLU, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-148689.

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Abstract The fuel is put into the process through a burner pipe and this burner pipe is modified to reach a more efficient combustion. The primary target is to enable burning of heterogeneous alternative fuels and increase the production level. Other positive effects from this type of optimization is lowered specific fuel consumption and lowered CO2 emissions. A redundant burner is chosen for the project and overall the project steps are the following: 1. Installing a Jet air nozzle ring in a way so it can move both axially and radially due to temperature changes. 2. Remove the present refractory from the burner and order a new form to decrease the weight of the burner 3. Place a K6 blower in operating the axial channel. 4. Install Gauging equipment (Temp, pressure, ampere blower etc) 5. Carefully observe process values during the modified burners run in time. 6. Evaluate the results of the project 7. With the help of proven potential in the kiln system be able to convince management of the proceeds to invest in a new burner 8. If point 7 is fulfilled with the help of experience, be able to operate as a projectcoordinator in the purchase of a professional burner. This task will include coordinating the project group in various meetings and then lead to an RFQ (Request For Quotation). Results from the project show the great potential in an optimization of a burner at a cement plant. A production increase of 5% could be seen together with a lowered specific energy consumption which is extremely satisfactory results. Unfortunately a breakdown of the system occurred a bit down the path of optimisation that resulted in damages to the kiln. At this stage the optimization was stopped and the old burner was put back after finished kiln repair. Finally crucial to underline is that the proven results in this study convinced the Group Management of buying a new burner. The benefits from a professional tailor made burner are far greater than the cost of buying it. The payback time is roughly around a year for such an investment depending on current market conditions. In this report focus is put on the combustion process at a cement plant. Combustion is the heart of the cement making process and absolutely crucial to have under full control and well optimized.

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Jansson, Adam. "Further development of Sand Bed Burner." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education Research (SMEER), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33657.

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To determine whether a weapon system meets the requirements set for insensitivity, the system is getting exposed for special tests. One of these tests shows how the system reacts when it ends up in a fire. This test is called the "Fast Cook-Off (FCO) Test", called FCO-test, and performed with a Sand Bed Burner (SBB). According to primary testing provision, the fuel for this test is used of jet fuel such as Jet A-1. A project at Bofors Test Center (BTC) is in progress to use an alternative fuel of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). This fuel is very advantageous compared to jet fuel in terms of environmental impact, work environment and testing costs. The aim of this thesis is to improve the existing test equipment considering fire over the entire surface and solve the problems with dropped gas flow and freezing of gas bottles. SBB works in the sense that the new petrol LPG streams into the SBB and expands in the free space below the sand bed before the gas will diffuse through the bed of sand and the fire engulfs the object. LPG is a condensable gas that requires oxygen. LPG exceed from liquid to gas phase and needs a large lateral surface to take up more energy which results in better evaporationto the phase transfer. Reaction products from complete combustion of LPG are only water vapor and carbon dioxide, the same as in your exhaled air. To solve these problems it was needed to change P11 composite bottles to P45 steel bottles to get a longer evaporation and larger lateral surface. Four flow inlets instead were used of one into SBB for a better stream in the free space under the sand bed. Propane regulators used to get a lower and more constant flow to avoid freezing. Compressed airconnected tothe SBB to geta mix between oxygen and LPG. The result shows in higherheat radiation efficiency even though the flow was settled down to 1/3 with the new propane regulators. In test 2 the value was 37 kW/m2 and in test 7 it was around 57 kW/m2. Because of a smaller flow and bigger steel bottles the freezing disappeared. Smaller grain of sand together with four inlets and compressed air gave a more complete combustion.

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Kao, Yi-Huan. "Experimental Investigation of NexGen and Gas Burner for FAA Fire Test." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342545254.

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Knoss, Trent. "The grey harvest : hunting wolves in America's Heartland." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83838.

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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2013.
"September 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-43).
For centuries, humans killed the grey wolf (canis lupis) out of fear and misunderstanding. By the 1950s, the species had been hunted to brink of extinction within the continental United States save for a small remainder in Minnesota's heavily forested northern wilderness. Environmental studies in the 1960s demonstrated that wolves were valuable to local ecosystems, leading to a scientific and cultural reassessment. In 1974, the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) shielded wolves from further slaughter, allowing the species to rebound and spread across the Great Lakes region. The decision to protect wolves bred resentment amongst some farmers who complained that the predators were a threat to their livelihoods. In late 2011, the government removed the grey wolf from the ESA, citing its full recovery. Just days later in January 2012, Minnesota and Wisconsin both authorized public wolf hunts to bring their respective populations back down to manageable levels. Game officials maintained that these "harvests" - the first in each state's history - were a necessary step for effective wolf management. Critics, however, protested that killing a recently threatened species in such fashion might jeopardize its long-term survival. Wolves invoke passionate sentiments that obscure rational discussion; objective analysis does not always prevail. In Minnesota, there was valid evidence for a cull. With 3,000 wolves in the forest and advanced monitoring technology available to researchers, reducing that number by 400 wolves was a calculated risk worth taking. This fact did not, however, deter conservation groups and advocacy organizations from mounting a concerted protest over the summer of 2012. In Wisconsin, the rationale for a hunt was thinner. Politicians insisted upon aggressive measures that many scientists felt would pose a legitimate danger to the Badger State's fragile contingent of 800 wolves. Input from the state's leading biologists was largely ignored during the legislative process. This is a tale of two ostensibly similar, yet ultimately divergent, wolf hunts: one that took science into account and one that shoved it aside. Both carry equally important implications for the future of grey wolf management in the Midwest.
by Trent Knoss.
S.M.in Science Writing

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Huggard, David John. "Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29880.

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The functional response of wolves to changes in the abundance of their prey must be understood to manage wolf-ungulate systems, but is difficult to measure directly. In this study, behavioral and environmental components of wolf predation were assessed and used to predict features of the dynamics of the wolf-large ungulate system in Banff National Park, Alberta. Elk were the most abundant ungulate, while white-tailed deer, mule deer, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, moose and several non-ungulate species provided a diverse prey base. Two packs of wolves were followed using radio-telemetry and snow-tracking, and 652 scats and 130 animals killed by wolves were analyzed to determine wolf diet. Aerial total counts, ground classified counts, incidental sightings during field work and pellet group counts were used to estimate the numbers, composition and herd sizes of the ungulate prey species. Numerous animals killed on the road and railway provided information on the age structure and physical condition of the elk population. Non-ungulate prey were used by one wolf pack, when ungulate prey were scarce. All available ungulate species were included in the diet of wolves. Bighorn sheep and mountain goats were underrepresented in the diet, due to their use of habitats segregated from the wolves. For social ungulates, the herd is the unit of available prey, and herd size and composition substantially influenced the selectivity of wolves. Abundance, habitat overlap and herd size determined encounter rates and were more important in determining diet than inherent preferences of the wolves, since all ungulate species were expected to be equally profitable upon encounter. How wolves encounter their prey determined the predicted functional response of wolves to different prey species. Within elk, wolves preferred calves over adults and took adult males and females equally, but herd size and composition resulted in a slight overall selectivity for calves and adult males, and apparent avoidance of females. Adult elk killed by wolves were older than elk killed on the road or railway, but this may be due to a bias in obtaining the population age distribution from a mortality source, rather than due to selectivity by the wolves. Adult elk, but not calves, killed by wolves had lower reserves of marrow fat than road and rail kills. Wolf kill rates increased with depth of snowpack and wolves killed primarily calf elk in moderately deep snow (51-58cm) and adults in deeper snow. Scavenging occurred more often in shallow snow and at low kill rates, because wolves travelled more and encountered more scavengeable carcasses under these conditions. In an auxiliary study, the error associated with telemetry relocations in a mountainous environment and the effect of this error on assessment of habitat use were measured. Mean error distance in complex topography was greater than in simple topography (234m versus 156m). The error distance was correlated weakly with observer distance and size of the map error polygon, but neither was a good predictor of the error of a single relocation. Simulations showed that the habitat of a radio-collared animal would be assessed correctly 80% of the time for large habitat units, and would decline rapidly for units comprising less than 2% of the study area. Matrices were developed to correct for biases in habitat use information which is based on telemetry relocations.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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Bu, Fanni. "Development of an automated flammability burner system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63493.pdf.

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Tarr, Stephen John. "The mathematical modelling multiple swirling burner flows." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243506.

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Tan, Chee Keong. "The monitoring of near burner slag formation." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289169.

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Love, Jeffrey Allan. "Optimised fuel stream for improved burner performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727638.

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This thesis is an investigation into the design of a low volatile low NO„ pulverised coal burner. Low NO,, pulverised coal burners are designed to achieve high combustion effi-ciency whilst lowering NO„ emissions, primarily by air staging. Due to particle inertia and interaction the distribution of the pneumatically conveyed fuel is affected by the geometry of the piping system and burner. Optimisation of the fuel feed has so far been limited. By increasing the particle concentration at the outlet, the ignition, flame stability and subsequently NO performance for difficult low volatile coals could be improved. Doosan Boiler R&D Centre have previously investigated the combustion of a range of low volatile coals on a standard burner and as coal volatile content decreased, stability and turndown capability were reduced. The industrially based research project proposed the use of the commercial Computa-tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT as a design tool to assess the particle concentration at the burner outlet. CFD potentially offers advantages over experiments in terms of time and cost, particularly at the industrial scale. The minimum particle concentration required to achieve early ignition and a stable flame has been estimated as 2kg,,,ai/kgair for Hongai coal (7% volatiles) based on a method which accounts for both volatile content and particle size. This local concentration means the particle flow is col-lision dominated and so the two-phase flow modelling approach has been assessed for a case in a scaled pulverised fuel rig and four validation cases. The scaled pulverised fuel pipe work case highlighted possible transients which could result from the geometry and the importance of coupling between the discrete and con-tinuous phase. This contributed to the decision to use a transient approach. Additional particle force models including wall roughness, inter-particle collision, lift forces, turbu-lence effects and structure dependent drag have been assessed against experimental data for vertical, horizontal and two 90° bend geometries. As understood from the literature, accurate simulation of gas-particle flows requires inclusion of these models. The differ-ences in scale for each of the cases investigated during the course of the work showed clearly that one universal approach was not applicable to all and this lead to the proposal of a structure dependent drag model, improvements to the inter-particle collision model and an understanding of the shortcomings of the particle turbulence model and the coarse grain particle assumption. The final two-phase flow model developed in this work was a significant improvement over standard industry practice. The two-phase flow model is applied to a test case of Doosan's burner firing Hongai coal. However, excessive particle concentration was further exacerbated for this scale and geometry. By utilising one-way momentum coupling a prediction of the path of the discrete phase was made. The prediction of particle concentration at the outlet of the burner is comparable to previous combustion test results and indicates that the burner only partially meets the concentration requirement for Hongai coal.

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Hazen, Steven Robert. "The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/hazen/HazenS0512.pdf.

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The controversy over gray wolves has been a continual debate throughout the American West since reintroduction in the mid 1990's. Hunter stances on this issue vary across the state since the true impact of these predators is unknown. Following wolf recovery, researchers have found game numbers decreasing in some regions while remaining steady in others. Areas with game reduction have been found to have higher populations of predators, including grizzly bear, cougars, and wolves. Recently, Montana wolves have been taken off the federal list of endangered species, allowing the state game agency to manage populations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a method to analyze the impact of wolves on elk harvest and a proxy for hunter demand throughout three distinct regions. A system of equations derived from overall biological models was used to form the basis of the empirical models. The dependent variables that are developed assess the impact of wolves on the quantity of both elk harvest and hunter applications. The wolf variables included in the models capture the population of wolves and how their impact changes as hunting moves farther away from reintroduction areas. The time period considered is from 1999 to 2010. Data prior to 1999, when wolves were first reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park (YNP), has not been released by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP), therefore limiting this analysis. The results from the empirical estimations suggest wolves are reducing overall hunter demand in both the southwest and west central regions. In particular, the southwest region is seeing a shift in hunter applications from areas less than 25 miles to YNP to areas ranging from 25 to 50 miles. No statistically significant regional effect of wolves on hunter harvest was found in any region analyzed.

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Sundqvist, Anna-Karin. "Conservation Genetics of Wolves and their Relationship with Dogs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8401.

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Billebo, Sofia. "Re-colonization of Wolves in Sweden – Conflicting Rural Realities." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145100.

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This study analyses the wolf (canis lupus) and human relations in Swedish landscapes. By addressing the change of ideas influencing land use and nature management during the time when the wolf was considered functionally extinct, two parallel realities appear that is shown to be something that the participants in this study relates and recognizes as their reality. These realities in turn can be understood against the background of environmental philosophy and the anthropocentric and eco-centric view of nature and the instrumental and intrinsic value that the nature may carry. Life story interview is used as a method to grasp these details in an individual’s perception of the wolf and nature. Since the wolf is considered to be as a division between rural and urban people, the study also analyses how people sharing the space with the wolf is referring to these dichotomies and how they identify with their surroundings. With contradictory, data a new way of conceptualize this is suggested: that urbanity and rurality is something that could be seen as performativity, something that you do rather than something that you are (Butler 2007). One might express identification with rural space but have an urban performativity i.e. working, living part-time, influenced by ideas represented in urban lifestyles. While the rural performativity is mirrored by living, working and sharing the ideas of how that landscape is used.

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Fiskum, Andreas. "Calculation of NOx Formation in a Swirl Burner." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12869.

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This thesis embraces simulations of NOx emissions from a partially premixed 20 kW swirl burner. The simulations were carried out in the commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. The concept of partial premixing air and fuel before adding additional air for complete combustion has proven promising with a view on the NOx emissions. However, little research has been done on reach premixing of fuel and air and therefore further investigation of this topic is of interest. In most experiments in the literature methane is used as fuel, but due to problems with stability and blow off in the 20 kW swirl burner propane were chosen as fuel.Simulations of eight different air-fuel ratios have been performed, ranging from diffusion flame to a mass based air-fuel ratio of four. The results from these simulations proved satisfactory when comparing with previous experimental and simulated work, except from the calculations of the exact NOx concentration. This difference in the concentration was one the other hand expected since the power of FLUENT and similar software is to predict variation trends and not the exact value itself.The simulations showed that the NOx concentration increased with increasing premixing, reaching a local peak at an air-fuel ratio of two. After this a local minimum in the NOx concentration was observed before a strong increase when further raising the air-fuel ratio. This is the same trends that are observed in the literature when using methane as fuel, but for propane there is no global reduction in the NOx emissions when applying premixing. This increase in the NOx emission was found to be due to an expansion of the high temperature flame zone with increasing premixing, which benefits the thermal NOx formation mechanism. The NOx reducing effect of swirl generation observed to decrease when the air-fuel ratio was increased. For subsequent experimental work it is recommended to perform a high amount of experiments at different air-fuel ratios, especially in the ratio range where the NOx concentrations starts to fluctuate.

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Johansson, Henrik G. "Numerical simulation of two-dimensional Wolfhard-Parker burner." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063155/.

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Çetin, Gökçe Özerdem Barış. "Optimization of lamella burner fin deck/$cGökçe Çetin." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/master/makinamuh/T000659.pdf.

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Risberg, Mikael. "Black liquor gasification : burner characteristics and syngas cooling." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25827.

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Black liquor gasification at high temperature is a promising alternative to the conventional recovery boiler process used in chemical pulp mills today. Compared to a conventional recovery boiler a black liquor gasifier can increase the total energy efficiency of a chemical pulp mill and produce a synthesis gas that can be used for production of motor fuel. In Piteå, a 3 MW or 20 tons per day entrained flow pressurized black liquor gasification development plant has been constructed by Chemrec at Energy Technology Center. The plant has been run more than 12 000 h since 2005. One of the key parts in the gasification process is the spray burner nozzle where the black liquor is disintegrated into the hot gasifier as a spray of fine droplets. In this thesis the spray burner nozzle as characterized with high speed photography in order to visualize the atomization process of black liquor. The results showed that black liquor forms non-spherical and stretched ligaments and droplets with the considered nozzle. Comparison of the results with atomization of a syrup/water mixture showed that the results were qualitatively very similar which means that a syrup/water mixture can be used instead of black liquor for burner optimization experiments. This is a considerable experimental simplification. Also spatially resolved measurements of the gas composition in the development plant with a water cooled quench probe have been performed. From the gas composition measurement and the spray visualization it has been showed that the preheating of black liquor has a significant influence on the gas composition. Another important part in the gasification plant is the counter-current condenser where the gas is cooled and the water content in the gas is condensed away in vertical tubes that are cooled on the outside by a counter-current flow of water or steam. In this thesis a computational fluid dynamics model of the counter-current condenser have been developed. The model consists of a two-phase fluid model on the tube-side of the condenser and a single phase model of the shell side. Predictions from the model are in excellent agreement with temperature measurements from the condenser used in the 3 MW Black Liquor Gasification development plant. However, more validation data is necessary before a definite conclusion can be drawn about the predictive capability of the code, in particular with respect to scale up with about two orders of magnitude for commercial size gas coolers
Godkänd; 2011; 20110228 (mikris); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Energiteknik/Energy Engineering Examinator: Adj professor Rikard Gebart, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Tekn lic Mats Lindblom, Chemrec, Piteå Tid: Fredag den 1 april 2011 kl 10.00 Plats: E231, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Carpenter, William Cody. "Burner Design for a Pressurized Oxy-Coal Reactor." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7506.

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The need for electric power across the globe is ever increasing, as is the need to produce electricity in a sustainable method that does not emit CO2 into the atmosphere. A proposed technology for efficiently capturing CO2 while producing electricity is pressurized oxy-combustion (POC). The objective of this work is to design, build, and demonstrate a burner for a 20 atmosphere oxy-coal combustor. Additionally, working engineering drawings for the main pressure vessel and floor plan drawings for the main pressure vessel, exhaust, and fuel feed systems were produced. The POC reactor enables the development of three key POC technologies: a coal dry-feed system, a high pressure burner, and an ash management system. This work focuses on the design of a traditional diffusion flame burner and the design of the main reactor. The burner was designed with the intent to elongate the flame and spread heat flux from the reacting fuel over a longer distance to enable low CO2 recycle rates. This was done by matching the velocities of the fuel and oxidizer in the burner to minimize shear between incoming jets in order to delay the mixing of the coal and oxygen for as long as possible. A spreadsheet model was used to calculate the jet velocities and sizes of holes needed in the burner, comprehensive combustion modeling was outsourced to Reaction Engineering International (REI) to predict the performance of burner designs. Using the guidance of the modeling results, a burner design was selected and assembled. The burner consists of a center tube where the primary fuel will flow, two concentric secondary tubes making an inner and an outer annulus, and eight tertiary lances. The burner and reactor are ready to be tested once issues involving the control system are resolved. Measurements that will be taken once testing begins include: axial gas and wall temperature, radiative heat flux, outlet gas temperature, and ash composition.

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Béland, Mathieu. "Study and design of a small kerosene burner." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38096.

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L’objectif principal de ce travail est de concevoir un petit brûleur au kérosène pour étudier la propriété ignifuge de matériaux composites sous attaque de flamme. Les normes AC20-135 et ISO 2685 décrivent de quelle manière les tests pour démontrer la capacité ignifuge d’un matériau doivent se dérouler. Ces normes sont utilisées pour dresser les requis pour la conception de ce petit brûleur au kérosène. Des gouttelettes liquides de jet-A sont pulvérisées pour alimenter la flamme en carburant tandis que l’air est amené via une conduite annulaire autour de l’injecteur. La combustion génère une flamme non-confinée. L’injecteur sélectionné est un atomiseur à pression avec ligne de retour de la compagnie Delavan. Un swirler en impression 3D de plastique est placé dans le brûleur près de la sortie d’air pour augmenter le mélange entre les gouttelettes de jet-A et l’air. Une analyse de mécanique des fluides numériques (MFNou CFDen anglais) est présentée pour mieux comprendre l’aérodynamique dans un brûleur et pour concevoir le swirler. Le brûleur est conçu pour permettre de facilement changer le swirler pour tester différents angles d’aubes. Un banc d’essai a été mis en place pour tester l’effet de ces swirlers sur le flux thermique de la flamme. Les effets de la puissance du brûleur, du rapport d’équivalence et de la distance entre le brûleur et la position de la mesure ont été investigués avec des essais expérimentaux. Un swirler de15 aubes avec un angle d’aube de 25°a été choisi. Parmi toutes les distances axiales testées expérimentalement avec le swriler choisi, il est possible d’atteindre le flux thermique requis de 116 kW/m2 avec le plus de configurations de flamme possible lorsque cette distance est de 7.6 cm (3 po.) du brûleur. Il est possible de générer une flamme avec un diamètre inférieur à 6.4 cm (2.5 po.) tout en atteignant le flux thermique requis de 116 kW/m2. Ceci permet d’effectuer des tests sur des petits échantillons et de réduire les coûts des tests de pré-certification. Pour atteindre cette configuration de flamme, il faut ajuster la puissance du brûleur entre 10 kW et 20 kW avec un rapport d’équivalence entre 0.7 et 0.9.
The main objective of this work is to design a small kerosene burner to study the fireproofing capacity of composite material under flame attack. The standards AC20-135 and ISO-2685 described how the fireproofing tests have to be performed and are used to set the requirements for the design of the small kerosene burner. The burner sprays liquid jet-A droplets and air is flowing around the injector in an annular chamber. The combustion generates an unconfined flame. The fuel injector selected is a Delavan spill-return pressure atomizer. There is a custom 3D printed plastic swirler at the air exit near the combustion area to increase the mixing between air and jet-A droplets. A computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD) is presented to better understand the aerodynamic of the burner and to design the swirler. The design of the burner allows to easily change the swirler to test different vane angles. An experimental test bench is designed to test the effect of these swirlerson the heat flux under multiple combinations of burner power and equivalence ratio at four axial measurement locations. The experimental investigation allows selecting the final configuration and parameters for the burner. The chosen swirler has 15 vanes that are oriented 25° to the burner axis. The best axial location for the measurements is at 7.6 cm (3 in.). It is possible to generate a flame with a diameter smaller than 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) while reaching the required heat flux of 116 kW/m2. This accommodates smaller coupon sizes and reduces cost for pre-certification testing. To achieve this flame configuration, the burner power should be set between 10 kW to 20 kW with an equivalence ratio between 0.7 and 0.9.

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O'Nions, Phillip. "Low NOx combustion utilising a Coanda ejector burner." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14674/.

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Current and future pollutant enussion legislation calls for decreased NOx emissions from combustion systems. A review of techniques used for NOx abatement led to the choice of combustor redesign to be the most cost effective method available. This led to the design, construction and development of a combustion system that utilised a Coanda ejector to generate recirculation of the exiting high temperature combustion products to mix with the air supply. Cooling of the burner was integrated into the design through the use of the air and fuel supplies. Computational fluid dynamics was used to model and aid development of the design. The model was used to predict NOx and CO emissions and the fuel-air mixing pattern. This, along with an analysis of experimental results and observations led to an understanding of the burner operation with respect to pollutant emissions and stability. NOx emissions from the Coanda burner were found to be lowest when using a 0.2 mm Coanda gap width, resulting in 16 ppm NOx being emitted at an air to fuel ratio of 1.5. However, the use ofa 0.2 mm Coanda gap width required an air supply pressure of up to 4 bar. The use of a 0.5 mm Coanda gap width enabled burner operation at lower air supply pressures. The resulting NOx emissions were measured as 23 ppm at an air to fuel ratio of 1.I, with a corresponding exit gas temperature of 2200 K. Flue gas recirculation quantity, flame stability, flame stabiliser shape and operational limits proved to be inter-linked in the reduction of NOx emissions. It was found that fuel-air mixing was controlled by the entrainment properties of the Coanda ejector and the flame stabiliser. The average oxygen concentration entering the combustion chamber when using a 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm Coanda gap width was 13.7 % and 16.6 %, respectively. Due to the position of the fuel injector, a fuel rich region formed behind the flame stabiliser. With a suitable flame stabiliser geometry and the use of 'fingers', low NOx combustion and flame stability was achieved near stoichiometric conditions. It was shown that the design of the burner enabled very low pollutant emissions near stoichiometric conditions, resulting in high exit gas temperatures. Conceivable applications of this type of burner could lie in small and intermediate furnaces where low NOx emissions are required. Additionally, very high temperature applications, such as glass furnaces could benefit in both cost and pollutant emissions from such a burner.

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Ballard, Warren Baxter Jr. "Demographics, movements, and predation rates of wolves in northwest Alaska." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186483.

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During 1987 through 1992, 85 wolves (Canis lupus) were captured, radio-collared, and relocated from aircraft 1,123 times in northwest Alaska. Wolf packs usually did not follow migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) but maintained year-round resident territories that averaged 3,652 km². During years when caribou were absent and moose densities were low, ≤ 25% of the wolf packs moved 64 to 272 km to the caribou wintering grounds. Wolves used different slopes, aspects, and habitats in summer versus winter. Twenty-five percent of the radio-collared wolves dispersed. Annual finite rates of increase ranged from 0.64 to 1.43. Annual wolf survival rates averaged 0.59. There were differences in survival rates among years. Sixty-one percent of the wolves died. Hunting was the main cause of death (69%) followed by rabies (21%). Rabies was a significant natural limiting factor. This wolf population could sustain mortality rates of about 53% annually. Caribou and moose composed 51 and 42%, respectively, of the observed wolf prey. Adjusted for prey size, each pack killed 1 adult moose equivalent per 6.7 days. Wolf pack sizes and adjusted kill rates and kgs of available prey per wolf per day were correlated from several areas across North America. When caribou were present they were the principal prey. However, when caribou densities were <100/1,000 km² wolves preyed upon moose. Wolves preyed upon relatively healthy caribou and moose that were in marginal condition. Wolves were killing about 6-7% of the caribou herd and from 11 to 14% of the moose population annually. Existing wolf predation may have serious impacts on resident, low-density moose populations. During spring 1990 I tested the line-intercept method of sampling tracks for estimating wolf densities for a known wolf population (i.e., 48 wolves). The population estimate based upon line-intercept sampling was 50.7 (80% CI = 33.4 to 67.9) suggesting that the survey method provided relatively accurate population estimates. I placed 23 satellite transmitters on wolves aged 10-months to 8 years with no apparent adverse effects on them. Accuracy of 1,855 relocations at 9 sites averaged 336 and 728 m for best and worst quality relocations, respectively. Satellite telemetry has potential for providing improved data sets for evaluation of wolf territory sizes and movements.

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Spaulding, Raymond Leon. "Diet and observer bias in scat analysis of gray wolves." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291507.

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I analyzed 1,182 gray wolf (Canis lupus) scats, representing summer diet in 1988-1990, collected from 9 packs in northwest Alaska. Using a linear regression model, I determined the biomass of prey species consumed using relative estimated bulk and frequency of occurrence of prey types in scats. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between methods in percent biomass of prey consumed and ranking of prey types. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), moose (Alces alces), microtines, and birds composed 47.0, 21.9, 10.6, and 13.8%, of prey items, respectively. Ungulates composed 90.1%, birds 6.7%, and microtines 0.5% of biomass consumed. Ungulates composed 3.4%, birds 50.4%, and microtines 38.5% of numbers of individuals consumed. Significant (P < 0.05) observer bias was found in the detection and frequency of prey types in the analysis of 1,052 scats by multiple observers.

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Decker, Paula D. "Making Space for Mexican Wolves: Technology, Knowledge and Conservation Politics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301755.

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The use of geospatial technologies, including radio telemetry, GPS collars, and mapping software, has proliferated in wildlife conservation. In addition to being tools for research, though, tracking devices are increasingly used to control animals that have been reintroduced to natural areas. Animals with radio or GPS collars can be tracked, and when considered necessary, trapped and relocated or removed to captivity, a common practice in projects to reintroduce and conserve endangered carnivores. The assumption is that such actions will help to defuse conflicts over wildlife between wildlife managers and land users. Conservation has come to mean surveillance and control, a situation recently made possible by technology. This dissertation examines the role of geospatial technology in conservation through an examination of the Mexican Wolf Reintroduction Project taking place in Arizona and New Mexico. Major findings include: 1. Policies to monitor and control Mexican wolves represent a deferral of the struggle over priority uses of public lands; 2. State and local government agencies seized on the discourse of adaptive management to gain control over the reintroduction project and expand their institutional authority. Rather than a practice of "learning by doing" and collaboration, however, the adaptive management program that was implemented only operated smoothly when it held together a prior political consensus and fell apart when external factors worked to dissolve that consensus; 3. The policies of controlling "problem wolves" rest on a series of assumptions about human and wolf behavior that are unsubstantiated and likely false; 4. The embodied production of geospatial data about Mexican wolves is erased in project-authored maps, which privilege a partial perspective on Mexican wolf distribution and territory; and 5. The practices of Mexican wolf monitoring and control are best understood as political technologies of governance that constitute Mexican wolves as individualized, domesticated and, I argue, racialized subjects. The policies and practices governing the Mexican wolf reintroduction project, this dissertation shows, have relied on technological surveillance and control, with complex and contradictory results for people-wolf relations and the politics of conservation.

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Marucco, Francesca. "Spatial population dynamics of recolonizing wolves in the western Alps." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-10092009-140452.

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Johannessen, Birgitte. "Studies of Combustion in Berkeley's Vitiated Co-flow burner." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14258.

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An experimental investigation is presented of unsteady N2-H2 jet flames in a co-flow of hot combustion products of lean premixed hydrogen combustion. The unsteady jet flame is characterized by rapid ignition followed by a gradually blowout of the flame. Audio recordings and Schlieren imaging high speed videos are used to investigate the unsteady flame. The frequency of the blowout-re-ignition event is investigated as a function of nitrogen dilution mole fraction (YN2=0.180-0.566), co-flow equivalence ratio (Phi=0.20-0.27) and jet velocity (Vjet=300-500 m/s). The results from the audio recordings and Schlieren imaging high speed videos indicate that re-ignition of the flame occurs as a result of autoignition. The ignition frequency increases with increasing nitrogen dilution mole fraction until a maximum frequency is reached of about 20-27 Hz. After the maximum frequency is reached the frequency decreases with a further increase of the nitrogen dilution mole fraction until the flame is completely blown out. By increasing the co-flow equivalence ratio the flame becomes unsteady and blown out at increasing nitrogen dilution mole fractions. The range of nitrogen dilution mole fractions over which the flame is unsteady is decreasing with increasing co-flow equivalence ratio. By increasing the jet velocity the flame with low co-flow equivalence ratios (Phi=0.20-0.22) becomes unsteady and blown out for decreasing nitrogen dilution mole fractions. For higher co-flow equivalence ratios (Phi=0.24-0.27) the range of nitrogen dilution mole fractions over which the flame is unsteady increases with increasing velocity. An increase in the velocity at higher co-flow equivalence ratios leads to an unsteady flame for lower nitrogen dilution mole fractions and a blown out flame for higher nitrogen dilution mole fractions. These results suggests that the autoignition phenomena of the N2-H2 jet flame issued into a vitiated co-flow is controlled by both chemistry and turbulent mixing. The results from the audio recordings and the Schlieren imaging high speed videos correspond well. This gives confidence to using audio recordings as a method of diagnostics of unsteady hydrogen jet flames.

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Grimwood, Claire Jennifer. "Development of a low pressure drop, low emissions burner." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599745.

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The need of Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems for an efficient and practical design of off-gas combustor for their new power system stimulated research into the possibilities of a low pressure drop, low emissions burner. After preliminary analysis of different combustor designs that might suit the imposed constraints, the micromixing burner design was chosen and explored. It has been found to meet all imposed requirements. The burner of the fuel cell system is fed a fuel gas consisting of natural gas reformate with 10-20% H₂ and 5-10% CO and an oxidizer with 5-20% oxygen. These gases enter the burner at around 1110-1170 K and 7 bar. The prototype micromixing burners tested in this dissertation consisted of interspaced fuel and oxidizer slots of around 109 mm wide. Several of the prototypes used angle corrugated strips in the slots which were aimed at promoting mixing through shear. Carbon monoxide emissions also showed different behaviour at atmospheric and high temperature. This was due to the effect of temperature quenching of the flame front products by the unreacted oxidizer stream. Contrary to expectations, it was found that mixing was not promoted through the use of angled corrugated strips at atmospheric conditions; however, a lack of mixing is desirable at low equivalence ratios when the oxidiser temperature was low. When the oxidizer temperature was increased past 1100 K, the effect of mixing on carbon monoxide emissions became less important as quenching was less likely.

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Bola, Inês Carlos Ramos Almeida. "Development and numerical thermomechanical analysis of an atmospheric burner." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23416.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Atualmente, a simulação numérica de processos tecnológicos tem cada vez mais importância e é cada vez mais utilizada permitindo não só reproduzir as condições de funcionamento de determinado processo como também possibilita a previsão de possíveis falhas nos materiais. Assim, surgiu o presente trabalho para dar resposta à necessidade de conseguir caracterizar comportamentos mecânicos como a uência e a fadiga, presentes na superfície de alumínio de um queimador atmosférico, e o impacto que podem ter. Para tal, através do software de simulação numérica ANSYS, realizou-se uma análise termomecânica da respetiva superfície de queima. Em primeiro lugar, selecionou-se o modelo numérico de Norton e procedeu-se à identi cação dos respetivos parâmetros com base em duas análises distintas: uma análise analítica, com base apenas em curvas experimentais e relações analíticas; e uma análise numérica, com recurso ao módulo de otimização do ANSYS, em que os parâmetros foram iterativamente de nidos. Posteriormente, as condições fronteiras do problema foram de nidas e foi realizado um estudo de convergência da malha a usar nas simulações. Deste modo, foram obtidos os per s de temperatura, tensão e deformação ao longo da superfície de queima. Por m, considerando os fenómenos de fadiga e de uência, o tempo de vida da superfície do queimador foi estimado com base em métodos de previsão.
Nowadays, the numerical simulation of technological processes is increasingly important and used, allowing to reproduce the operation conditions of a given process and to predict possible failures in materials. Thereby, the present work emerged, to answer the need to characterize mechanical behaviors such as creep and fatigue that are present on the aluminum surface of an atmospheric burner and to understand the impact they can have. For this purpose, the FEA program ANSYS was used to perform a thermomechanical analysis of the respective surface. Firstly, the Norton's numerical model was selected, and the respective parameters were identi ed based on two di erent analyses: an analytical analysis, based only on experimental curves and analytical relationships; and a numerical analysis using the ANSYS optimization module, in which the parameters were iteratively de ned. Then, the boundary conditions of the problem were de ned, and a mesh sensitivity study was carried out. Therefore, the temperature, stress and strain pro les were obtained along the surface. Considering the fatigue and creep phenomena, the lifetime of the burner surface was estimated based on prediction methods.

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Colmenares, Julian, and Diyar Ghazi. "Plasma Burner: Numerical Modeling of Plasma Generation and Flow." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87161.

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Technological evolution and mass production is impacting the Earth daily due to global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, where the biggest factor is the emission of carbon dioxide mostly caused by the burning of fossil fuel and industrial processes. Therefore, alternatives for substituting the use of fossil fuel in industries are extremely important. This thesis project investigates the method of using plasma technology using a plasma burner which is electrically generated and could be an ideal solution for industrial metallurgical, chemical and mechanical processes due to its unique characteristics such as high energy densities, extremely high temperatures, rapid heating of surfaces and melting materials with a small installation size. Using the software COMSOL Multiphysics, a 2D model geometry is set up to simulate and investigate the behavior of the plasma burner by varying different parameters to improve the performance of the plasma burner. The results are based on simulations and no experiments were performed. However, we visited RISE ETC to observe and learn about the plasma burner model. At last, a geometry investigation was done by calculating the thermal efficiency to designate the most efficient geometry.

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Jhala, Yadvendradev V. "Habitat and population dynamics of wolves and blackbuck in Velavadar National Park, Gujarat." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134147/.

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Winnie, John Arthur Jr. "Behavioral responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to the threat of wolf (Canus lupus) predation." Diss., Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/winnie/WinnieJ0506.pdf.

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Fawcett, Felicia K. "Resource selection and spatial relationships of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Wisconsin /." Link to Abstract, 2004. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2004/Fawcett.pdf.

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Stinton, Lorey. "Habitat design for large predatory mammals : current trends in and exploration of habitat-based exhibits for wolves (Canis lupis) : Delaware County, Indiana : site design investigation." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1338874.

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This study examined general habitat needs for a selected large predatory mammal. Identifying the physical and psychological needs of Canis lupus was the main focus. The objective of the creative project was to design a facility that will not only preserve the animal but also its behaviors.The study consisted of three phases. The first phase consisted of researching wild predators and the natural habitats in which they reside as well as designed habitats for these same predators. This phase included examination and evaluation of various design projects that have attempted to meet the needs of large predatory mammals. The second phase consisted of establishing design guidelines that ensure healthy habitats for wolves. The design guidelines were established by synthesizing information researched about habitats for wild wolves and habitats provided to captive wolves. The third phase consisted of the application of these guidelines in a site design.
Department of Landscape Architecture

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Barr, Erik David. "Non-radioisotopic microsatellite genotyping of timber wolves (Canis lupus) using faecal DNA." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/MQ45362.pdf.

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Lambert, Charles. "The wolves of Kromer and other scripts : political writing in popular forms." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273414.

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Senn, Martin. "Wolves in the woods the rogue state concept from a constructivist perspective." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992464447/04.

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Massey, Jack. "The dynamics and demography of socially structured carnivores : badgers, lions and wolves." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49e1063c-cdc5-4865-a931-5da91f4556c5.

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Sociality in carnivores is theoretically expected to produce quantitatively different dynamics compared to solitary species, exhibiting Allee effects, increasing extinction risk and limiting population growth. There is also evidence in social species that demographic stochasticity can impact the population when densities are high. Empirical support for these processes is lacking and the effects of socio-spatial structure on population dynamics is now widely debated. The roles of social structure, reproductive suppression, communal predator vigilance, communal hunting and babysitting on population responses to perturbations away from carrying capacity have important implications for species management. Social systems also possess inherent spatial structure. Such structure is known to influence dynamics in solitary species. This thesis investigates the relative contributions of spatial and social structure on population dynamics in three contrasting carnivores, from three different families; badgers (Meles meles), lions (Panthera leo) and grey wolves (Canis lupus), that each demonstrate comparable and different life history strategies with one another. Simple and complex structured population models are used to demonstrate how intra-group processes interact within inter-group process and habitat features to produce population wide dynamics. The models are used to investigate whether general rules governing the dynamics of social species can be drawn across species.

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Spangelo, Øystein. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Low Nox Swirl Burner." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-310.

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Nitrogen oxides emitted to the atmosphere can cause health problems for humans and environmental problems such as acid rain and global warming. The main part of the world energy consumption involves combustion; hence nitrogen oxide abatement in combustion is an important research field. Formation and reduction of NO_xin combustion and the current regulations on NO_x emissions are reviewed.

A novel low NO_xswirl stabilized gas burner concept, the Swirl Burner, has been studied experimentally, theoretically and numerically. Flame stabilization, rapid air and fuel mixing and internal flue gas recirculation are provided by a strongly swirling flow generated in this patented burner concept. NO_xemissions have been measured below 25 and 45 ppmv dry corrected to 3% O₂ in the flue gases using methane and propane as fuel respectively.

Studying the effect of varying geometrical parameters on the emissions of NO_x, fuel and air supply pressure and flame stability, have resulted in an optimized burner design. The optimized Swirl Burner has successfully been scaled from a 200 kW burner down to a 20 kW burner and up to a 370 kW burner, using a constant velocity scaling criteria which is the most commonly used scaling criteria for industrial burners. Experiments with the scaled burners have revealed that the fuel to air momentum should be preserved while scaling the burner. The 200 kW and the 370 kW burners were operated stable with the boiler to burner diameter (confinement) ratio in the range 5.3-6.7. The 20 kW burner, which was operated in an un-cooled and a water-cooled combustion chamber with confinement ratio of 8.1, was found to have a narrower range of stable operation with regards to thermal throughput. High post-flame heat extraction, which is enhanced by increased confinement ratio and combustion chamber cooling, reduces the emissions of NO_x, but might cause flame instabilities.

NO_x emissions measured from the three Swirl Burners scale well with NO_x scaling correlations based on flame volume as a leading-order parameter for NO_x formation (Weber, 1996). The correlations consider the effect of heat extraction on flame volume and emissions of NO_x. These correlations indicate that the heat extraction from the 20 kW burner is increasing with increasing thermal throughput. The 200 kW and the 370 kW burners were, from the correlations, found to operate with constant heat extraction.

Flame volume and shape are studied by non-intrusive measurements of OH radicals with the 20 kW burner using laser induced fluorescence. The measurements show that the flame volume is reduced with increasing thermal throughput. Measurements of NO_x from this burner also show a reduction with increasing thermal throughput. These results support the theoretical considerations of the flame volume as being the leading-order parameter for NO_xformation.

An evaluation of turbulence models and combustion models suitable for studying the Swirl Burner by computational fluid dynamics has been carried out. For this evaluation, a 2D computational model of the 20 kW burner has been used. For closure of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent flow, three models have been evaluated.

These are the standard k-ε model, the RNG k-ε model and the Reynolds Stress model.

Also for modelling of combustion, three models have been evaluated, namely the Eddy Dissipation model, the Equilibrium PDF model and the Flamelet PDF model. For studying the Swirl Burner, a combination of the Reynolds Stress model and the Flamelet PDF model were found to be most suitable for modelling of turbulence and combustion respectively.

Computational results with the 20 kW burner indicate that flue gases are recirculated into a central toroidal recirculation zone downstream the burner exit. The computations are further compared with the OH concentrations measured with laser induced fluorescence.

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Hemeson, A. O. "Influence of burner design on impringement heat transfer from flames." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370510.

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