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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

DeLaney, Theodore Carter. "Julia Gardiner Tyler: A nineteenth-century Southern woman." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623870.

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This study examines the life of Julia Gardiner Tyler (1829-1889) as a means of learning more about elite southern women during the nineteenth-century. It addresses the fundamental question of how an ambitious woman could fulfill personal aspirations without openly defying gender conventions and focuses on a variety of themes affecting American women including: education, domesticity, slavery, politics, and religion.;Julia was a northerner by birth and education who adopted the South when she married President John Tyler in 1844. She enthusiastically embraced and defended southern culture and its definition of womanhood. Slavery shaped the social order and resulted in a system that emphasized female inferiority and limited women's lives to the domestic sphere. From the time John Tyler left the presidency in 1845 until his death in 1862, Julia focused on her household. She was a devoted wife and mother of seven children. A household staff made up of both white and black servants freed enough of Julia's time to permit her to keep abreast of political developments. In 1853 she published a defense of slavery that reaffirmed traditional southern womanhood.;Throughout the sectional crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction, Julia was a keen observer of political developments in both the North and the South. She was an ardent southern nationalist but was unprepared for the consequences of secession. Access to family members in the North became increasingly difficult as political and military tensions heightened. During the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, Julia and her children faced danger as opposing armies moved through their neighborhood. Unwilling to risk remaining in war torn Virginia, she moved into her mother's New York home in 1863 but did not find peace there. Politics divided her mother's household and resulted in violent arguments and a protracted court battle over the Gardiner estate. During Reconstruction, Julia petitioned the federal government for reimbursement for damages to her Virginia property and a presidential widow's pension, while struggling to leave the bitterness of the war behind.;This study concludes that Julia Tyler achieved personal fulfillment through her marriage to the President of the United States. as a widow, she was a strong independent woman who displayed interest in politics but never lost focus of her role as mother. Sometimes she defied social conventions but always reaffirmed traditional southern womanhood.

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2

Walker, Carole Ann. "Ordinary woman, extraordinary life : impossible category." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272672.

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3

Sunbul, Cicek. "Nineteenth-century Women." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612905/index.pdf.

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This thesis proposes to demonstrate the representation of women in the 19th-century fiction through an analysis of the characters in George Eliot&rsquo
s Middlemarch and Thomas Hardy&rsquo
s The Return of the Native and Tess of the D&rsquo
Urbervilles. The study starts with an outline of the intellectual and industrial transformations shaping women&rsquo
s position in the 19th century in addition to the already existing prejudices about men&rsquo
s and women&rsquo
s roles in the society. The decision of marriage and its consequences are placed earlier in these novels, which helps to lay bare the women&rsquo
s predicaments and the authors&rsquo
treatment of the female characters better. Therefore, because of marriage&rsquo
s centrality to the novels as a theme, the analysis focuses on the female subordination with its educational, vocational and social extensions, the women&rsquo
s expectations from marriage, their disappointments, and their differing responses respectively. Finally, the analogous and different aspects of the attitudes of the two writers are discussed as regards their portrayal of the characters and the endings they create for the women in their novels.

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4

Liming, Sheila. "The Natural Woman: Science and Sentimentality in Nineteenth - Century America." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/358.

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5

Walker, Carole A. "Caroline Chisholm, 1808-1877: ordinary woman - extraordinary life, impossible category." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8035.

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The purpose of this thesis is to look at the motivations behind the life and work of Caroline Chisholm, nee Jones, 1808-1877, and to ascertain why British historians have chosen to ignore her contribution to the nineteenth century emigration movement, while attending closely to such women as Nightingale for example. The Introduction to the thesis discusses the difficulties of writing a biography of a nineteenth century woman, who lived at the threshold of modernity, from the perspective of the twenty-first century, in the period identified as late modernity or postmodernity. The critical issues of writing a historical biography are explored. Chapter Two continues the debate in relation to the Sources, Methods and Problems that have been met with in writing the thesis. Chapters Three to Seven consider Chisholm's life and work in the more conventional narrative format, detailing where new evidence has been found. By showing where misinformation and errors have arisen in earlier biographies that have been perpetuated by subsequent biographies, they give specificity to the debate discussed in the Introduction. Chapters Eight to Ten discuss, in far greater depth than a conventional narrative format allows, the relevant political, religious and social influences which shaped and influenced Chisholm's life, and which facilitate an understanding of her motivation and character.

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6

Hoover, Douglas Pearson. "Women in nineteenth-century Pullman." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.

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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.

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7

Dalley, Lana Lee. "Writing the economic woman : gender, political economy, and nineteenth-century women's literature /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9430.

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8

Camden, Jennifer Bonnie. "The other woman secondary heroines in the nineteenth-century British and American novel /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116879934.

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9

Pinter, Judy H. "Louise Destrehan Harvey: A Pioneer Business Woman in the Nineteenth Century New Orleans, Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2182.

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10

Owen, A. "Subversive spirit : Women and nineteenth century spiritualism." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378374.

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11

NASCIMENTO, CARLA. "A NINETEENTH CENTURY WOMAN IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY GUISE: A CRITICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL EXAMINATION OF ANA CRISTINA CESAR S LITERARY REMAINS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5872@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O impulso inicial deste trabalho é a desconfiança de que boa parte da fortuna crítica da poeta Ana Cristina Cesar, que se suicidou em 1983, encontra-se comprometida com um sentimento freudianamente melancólico em relação à sua memória. A partir de um olhar crítico-biográfico sobre o acervo da poeta, procura-se fazer uma leitura dos diferentes graus de comprometimento - menos ou mais produtivos -, detectados nas falas de seus amigos e principais críticos: Armando Freitas Filho, Ítalo Moriconi, Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda e Flora Süssekind. Paralelamente a esta abordagem crítica, um olhar alterbiográfico sobre manuscritos inéditos da poeta procura estabelecer um diálogo escritural com os rastros biográficos encontrados ao longo do caminho da pesquisa arquivística. Um terceiro plano de trabalho superpõe-se aos dois primeiros: um esforço de deixar pistas claras do trajeto reflexivo percorrido por esta pesquisadora, a fim de que o leitor possa detectar, com mais nitidez, meus próprios comprometimentos com o objeto de pesquisa.
The starting point of this work is the suspicion that many of the critical readings on the poetry of Ana Cristina Cesar, who killed herself in 1983, are characterized by Freudian melancholy in their attachment to her memory. In approaching her personal archive with a critical-biographical outlook, I set out to discuss the several degrees of emotional compromise - variously productive - that can be detected in the discourse of her friends and major critics: Armando Freitas Filho, Italo Moriconi, Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda and Flora Süssekind. In addition, an alter-biographical look at some of the poet s unpublished manuscripts tries to establish a textual dialogue with the biographical traces found in the archival research. Finally, an effort is made to leave clear and unmistakable marks of the theoretical steps taken by me in order to make it easier for the reader to detect my own attachment to the object of the research.

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12

Risk, Shannon M. ""In Order to Establish Justice": The Nineteenth-Century Woman Suffrage Movements of Maine and New Brunswick." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RiskSM2009.pdf.

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13

Birk, Amy Simpson. "MOVING EXPERIENCES: WOMEN AND MOBILITY IN LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/65.

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This project recovers and revises late nineteenth and early twentieth-century narratives of mobility which invoke female protagonists who move from stifling, patriarchal domestic settings in the rural and suburban United States to the more symbolically emancipated settings of New York City and even Europe to reveal both the limitations and possibilities for women’s lives in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. By challenging popular American fiction’s preoccupation with urban white slavery myths and the lingering proscriptive standards for women’s behavior of the Victorian era, the Introduction argues the selected works of this dissertation mark a significant, but perhaps fleeting moment in American history when women were on the verge of profound gains toward equality. Chapter Two reads Gertrude Atherton’s late nineteenth-century interrogation of intimate and professional mobility in Patience Sparhawk as a significant precursor, if not prototype, of the recently recognized middlebrow moderns of the 1920s. Chapter Three examines Edith Wharton’s competing views of mobility and motherhood in The House of Mirth, The Custom of the Country, and Summer. Chapter Four aims to recover David Graham Phillips’ posthumously published novel, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise, as a complicated engagement with unconventional views of mobility and prostitution in early twentieth-century America, and Chapter Five argues that Jessie Redmon Fauset’s oft-maligned, sentimental novel, Plum Bun, warrants more critical attention for its revolutionary efforts to imagine an alternative cultural aesthetic whereby young, aspiring African-American women can acquire intimate and professional fulfillment through an empowering transnational mobility. Recognizing how stories of fallen womanhood in American literature traditionally overemphasized and criminalized a woman’s desire for intimacy, while stories of New Womanhood often scripted characters ultimately devoid of desire and companionship, I argue Atherton, Wharton, Phillips and Fauset examine and challenge these categories of womanhood in important, often overlooked, depictions of mobility. Too often dismissed or excused for their conservativism, these authors warrant more attention from modern literary scholars for their shared, varied, and intentionally “moving” experiences for women in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century America.

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14

Svensson, Sandra. "Wicked Woman and Ready-money Gentlemen : Defining social roles in the British nineteenth-century courtroom." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91056.

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The present study is a corpus-based study which examines social roles constructed in the British nineteenth-century courtroom. To discover the prevalent social roles in British nineteenth-century society the present study focuses on premodifying adjectives characterizing men and women. The method of classification is through semantic domains. The study shows that the social roles of men and women are more similar than the findings of previous research have demonstrated.

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15

Wood, Laura Clare. "Works of taste and fancy : the woman and the child reader in nineteenth century literature." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77931/.

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This thesis considers the triangular relationship between reading, domesticity, and the body, and it does so through an interrogation of the way the woman reader and the child reader are represented in nineteenth century literature. It argues that anxieties surrounding readers outside of the text are represented and responded to inside of them. The act of reading is highlighted as one that represents a point of anxiety because it can be an act that threatens the reader or an act that educates them. This causes tension, I argue, because while texts that address women and children wish to do so from a didactic perspective, by engaging with the act of reading they open the door to acts of transgression that must be prevented. The ideal domestic space is, I argue, one shaped by acts of reading and one that then goes on to shape the ideal reader. Discussions of reading are also closely tied to the body through transgression and tropes of appetite and consumption, and these discussions enter into a debate over appropriate models of gender for the woman and the child reader. In this way both the relationship between reader and domesticity, and reader and the body, are implicated in a conversation taking place over gender. The figure of the reader is uniquely positioned to represent these anxieties and to act didactically in all of these areas. I argue that cultural fantasies about how reading takes place in the nineteenth century alter the way in which people read, creating a cyclical relationship in which the reader inside the text and the reader outside of it are constantly remaking one another. Through this research this thesis seeks to celebrate the role of the reader as one of enduring power and importance.

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16

Whiting, Jeanna Marie. "Tolstoy and the woman question." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001667.

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17

Hyun, Sook K. "Storytelling and Self-Formation in Nineteenth-Century British Novels." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-08-52.

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18

Randolpe, Lyssa. "The new woman and the new science : feminist writing 1880-1900." Thesis, Coventry University, 2001. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/206dbf26-a8d1-ea66-bafb-338445adbefc/1.

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In this thesis I contend that evolutionary scientific discourses were integral to the work of "New Woman" writers of late Victorian literary culture in Britain. In the cultural debates that raged over the new gender politics and their relationship to social and moral values at the fin de siècle, the questions raised about femininity, modernity and the "woman question" were also central to the "new sciences" of sexology, eugenics, psychology and anthropology. This thesis investigates the issue of whether the new sciences offered an enabling set of discourses to New Women through which to produce new artistic, professional and personal feminine identities and to campaign for feminist goals. An understanding of the field of cultural production informs this discussion; I argue that science functions as cultural and symbolic capital in literary production of the period, and consider the dynamics between constructs of value, status, and the feminine in the literary market-place and their relationship to scientific narratives. This analysis is developed through the illumination of the relationship between New Woman novelists and poets, female aesthetes, and other forces in the field, in discussion of the thematic concerns and literary strategies of those participating in these debates: amongst others, Mona Caird, "Iota" (Katherine Mannington Caffyn), Victoria Cross(e) (Annie Sophie Cory), Sarah Grand (Frances Elizabeth McFall), Vernon Lee (Violet Paget), Alice Meynell, May Kendall, Constance Naden, and the anti-New Woman male writer, Grant Allen. An examination of a variety of literary forms and genres, in addition to the novel — the principal focus for much scholarship on the New Woman — such as the feminist periodicals, poetry, journalism and the short story, is central to the thesis and enables identification of shared literary strategies and techniques as well as consideration of readers and critical contexts. The roles and representation of "woman" in this period were produced within biological determinist concepts of sex and Nature. The study concentrates on ways in which essentialist dichotomies of cultural and biological reproduction redefined notions of literary and artistic "genius", motherhood and female citizenship, as they intersect with "race" and sexuality in imperial contexts. Women's critique and construct of these subjectivities differed; study of the women's journals reveals a consumer culture saturated in discourses of health and hygiene, negotiated by a divided community of readers. Focus on theories and representation of the child in late Victorian culture finds that Alice Meynell's writing challenged evolutionary psychology, and relates Sarah Grand's child genius to emergent Galtonian eugenics. I argue that late nineteenth-century feminism was intimately involved in imperialism and eugenics, and suggest that current feminist scholarship must confront and analyse these investments. In this thesis I find that boundaries between the groups' identities are fluid; points of intercourse and affiliation are revealed, such as the ways in which scientific constructs of "race", as in Mona Caird's use of the Celtic, are deployed in order to comment on literary value. I have highlighted the ambivalences at work in these appropriations, and suggest that the New Woman text was not always polemical, nor did it reject "high art" values, and that the female aesthetes also express feminist convictions. I contend that for many feminist writers, participation in these late nineteenth-century debates was a necessary and productive critical intervention, with radical, if not always progressive, implications.

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19

Cook, Alicia McCaghren. "Edgar Degas's fan shaped designs art, decoration, and the modern woman in late-nineteenth-century France /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/cook.pdf.

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20

Mearns, Gabrielle. "Appropriate fields of action : nineteenth-century representations of the female philanthropist and the parochial sphere." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56360/.

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Literary representations of female philanthropy challenge the separate spheres dichotomy that we continue to associate with nineteenth-century literature and society, as the work of the philanthropic heroine instead depicts a diversity of social spaces located between the family home and the worlds of commerce and politics. These social spaces – one of the most important being the parish – are represented as highly receptive to the influence of middle- and upper-class women by the writers of my study, thereby demonstrating how female authors could formulate the geography of their fictions to support their participation in contemporary social debate. In this thesis I use the term ‘parochial spheres’ to describe these spaces, which include the landed estate, the village and the military regiment. My emphasis on parochial spheres calls attention to the gentlewoman’s relationships with rural and provincial environments. I use the concept of ‘borderline’ female citizenship to think about these relationships, as it indicates the potential power of the philanthropic heroine in her community, as well as the likelihood of power contests between the female philanthropist and her male contemporaries. The writers of my thesis are mainly drawn from the Victorian period. However, I also examine works by Hannah More, and the image of the philanthropist across the period. More is crucial to the representation of female philanthropy, as female authors interact with a tradition of conservative reform popularised by the Evangelical polymath at the beginning of the period. Embedded within this tradition is the narrative of maternalism, which enables women writers to depict their heroines as the protective conservers of the social order, but also as the generators of new, feminised solutions to public questions of reform. These fluctuations between conservation and reform reveal the significance of the parochial sphere to women’s writing during the Victorian period.

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21

McKenzie-Stearns, Precious. "Venturesome women : nineteenth-century British women travel writers and sport." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001901.

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22

McGuirk, Hayley D. K. "Mary Cassatt and Cecilia Beaux: An Analytical Comparison of Two New Women and Issues Surrounding Femininity, Modernity, and Nineteenth-Century Feminism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou149219025174349.

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23

Lister, James Edward. "New women and degeneracy in the late nineteenth century." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542010.

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24

Wicker, Ragan Landy. "Nineteenth-century New Orleans and a Carnival of women." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015868.

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25

Rose, Lucy Ella. "Women in nineteenth-century creative partnerships : the 'significant other'." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807461/.

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This thesis examines the role of women in artistic and literary professions, the representation of women in art and literature, and the rise of feminism through these discourses by re-viewing the lives and works of three historically neglected nineteenth-century female figures: Christina Rossetti, Mary Watts and Evelyn De Morgan. It aims to show how these pioneering professional women writers and artists achieved and promoted greater female empowerment and liberation through their creative practices and familial or conjugal creative partnerships. Challenging longstanding perceptions of these female figures as stifled, submissive or subordinate gender ‘Others’, I aim to show how their formation of creative partnerships with artistic men – namely, Gabriel Rossetti, George Watts and William De Morgan – can be seen as career-enabling and self-empowering strategies. This thesis thus identifies structures previously interpreted as straightforwardly patriarchal – that is, Victorian male/female conjugal and familial relations – as sites of creative female agency. It also focuses on moments of protest or struggle in the female figures’ partnerships and works in order to trace the development of their creative identities and feminist voices, offering a more nuanced understanding of power relations between the sexes as well as of the relationship between feminism, art and literature in the period. An analysis of previously unexplored, unpublished archival material and understudied works by these figures in relation to twentieth-century feminist and gender theory shows how they engaged with and contributed to early – as well as prefigured later – feminist discourse. In particular, I explore the ways in which their literary and visual texts can be seen to embody Hélène Cixous’s concept of écriture féminine, revealing the subversive elements of ostensibly conventional works. This thesis thus offers alternative visions of these female figures as ‘significant others’ who were active and influential in their partnerships as well as in contemporary women-centred debates.

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26

Bowman, Gaillynn M. "Constance Cary Harrison, refugitta of Richmond : a nineteenth-century Southern woman writer's critically intriguing antislavery narrative strategy /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=250.

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27

Rolland, Nina. "Bodies in composition : women, music, and the body in nineteenth-century European literature." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA041.

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Notre recherche vise à étudier les relations entre musique et littérature au XIXe siècle à travers la figure de la musicienne et plus particulièrement à travers son corps. Le corps féminin apparaît comme un riche point de rencontre entre musique et littérature, facilitant d’une part la référence musicale dans les textes et créant d’autre part un système musico-narratif complexe ancré dans les discours socio-culturels du XIXe siècle. L’étude de textes canoniques de la littérature européenne nous permet d’envisager les musiciennes au sens large (compositrices, interprètes, prima donna et même auditrices) en combinaison avec différents discours sur le corps (philosophique, scientifique et social) afin d’apporter un regard nouveau sur les femmes et les arts. Notre approche est à la fois chronologique et thématique et s’attache à montrer une progression commune de la représentation du corps et de la musicienne dans les textes. Ainsi, les textes romantiques allemands présentent la musicienne comme un être évanescent et font d’elle le sujet de l’impossibilité de matérialiser l’abstrait. Les textes du milieu du siècle sont analysés parallèlement au discours clinique sur le corps et envisagent les musiciennes comme des monomanes. Les textes écrits par des femmes placent la musicienne – saine de corps et d’esprit – comme prêtresse d’une religion musicale. Enfin, dans les textes fin-de-siècle, le corps de la musicienne n’échappe pas aux théories de dégénérescence. L’étude parallèle de textes littéraires et de différents discours sur le corps pose ainsi les femmes, la musique et le corps comme un triptyque inévitable aux études de genre, de musique et de littérature
This thesis examines the relations between music and literature through fictional women musicians in nineteenth-century European literature and more particularly through their bodies. The female body appears to be a rich juncture between music and literature, facilitating musical references in literature as well as creating complex musical narrative systems anchored in social, cultural and scientific discourses of the long nineteenth century. All types of women musicians are examined (singers, instrumentalists, composers, and even listeners) along with different discourses on the body (social, philosophical and scientific), shedding a new light on gender and the arts. Our chronological as well as thematic approach strives to highlight a common representation of the body and of female musicians in literature. German Romantic texts thus present women musicians as elusive figures who play a key role in the impossibility to materialise the abstract. Realist and sensation novels are analysed through a clinical perspective on the body and envision female musicians as monomaniacs. On the contrary, fiction written by female authors introduces empowered musicians as priestess of art. Finally, fin-de-siècle novels stage the female body as a degenerate entity of society. The parallel analysis of literary case studies with different perspectives on the body posits the women-music-body triangle as a new approach to gender, music and literature

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28

Nichols, Gregory Dawson. "The nineteenth century origins of feminist solo performance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10237.

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29

Friedrich, Martin. "Oral women, orality and gender in nineteenth-century novels by women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59586.pdf.

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30

Terry, Chandler Fiona Elizabeth. "Women, work and the family : Birmingham 1800-1870." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246718.

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31

Harris, Courtney. "Irish women in mid-nineteenth century Toronto, image and experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47330.pdf.

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32

Wilson, Heather Belle. "Women, faith and reform in late nineteenth century South Australia /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw748.pdf.

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Bunting, Kirsty. "The Possibilities For Collaboration between Late-Nineteenth-Century Women Writers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521939.

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Sykes, Ingrid Julia. "Female piety and the organ : nineteenth century French women organists." Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269452.

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35

Schmidt, Janeal. "Selfish intentions : Kansas women and divorce in nineteenth century America." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2327.

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36

Thomas, Rachel Catherine. "Letters to Annie: Ordinary Women in Late Nineteenth Century Maine." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626733.

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37

Mo, Ting Juan. "Life under shadow: Chinese immigrant women in nineteenth- century America." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56197.

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Racism and sexism pervaded American society during the nineteenth century, creating unusual disadvantaged conditions for Chinese immigrant women. As a weak minority in an alien and often hostile environment and as a subordinate sex in a sexist society, Chinese women suffered from double oppression of racism and sexism. In addition, the Chinese cultural values of women's passivity and submission existed within Chinese communities in America, and affected the lives of these immigrant women. This work uses government document, historical statistics, accounts from newspapers and literature to examine the life experiences of Chinese immigrant women and American attitudes towards them, and to analyze the roots of the oppression of racism and sexism.
Master of Arts

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38

Webster, Rachel Louise. "Nineteenth-century dissenting women writers : literary communities, conviction and genre." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7892/.

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This thesis reconstructs the dissenting religious communities of five nineteenth-century women writers: Hannah More, Catherine and Susanna Winkworth, Elizabeth Gaskell and Josephine Butler. The case study approach locates each woman within an active, religious environment, arguing that community played a significant role in her spiritual and literary development. A recent trend in Romantic Studies has examined creativity in collaborations, in order to dismiss once and for all the myth of an individual genius. This thesis extends the preoccupation to consider the presence of sociability and creative communities in the lives of nineteenth-century religious women. Religiosity is an essential identification for all five women, helping to shape their social agenda, but more importantly to inform their textual choices. Diverse political and theological positions were encouraged and contested within each community, using novels, biographies, poetry, hymns, and speeches to disseminate conviction: they addressed the Abolition of the Slave Trade, German Higher Criticism’s threat to the Christian faith, class unrest and the ‘problem’ of the fallen woman. One of this thesis’s innovations has been to view Evangelicals alongside more recognisable dissenting bodies such as the Unitarians. Evangelicalism’s problematic position within the Anglican Church caused it to be ostracised and distrusted, an experience familiar to the dissenter. The close alliances that existed between orthodox convictions, often assumed in childhood, and a dissenting belief owned and experienced in adulthood have blurred the dividing lines between orthodoxy and dissent. Gendered assumptions about female religious community are dismantled and re-imagined, allowing space for female-male collaborations to emerge. Any conclusions about female religiosity are to be understood relationally, with masculine identity crucial for determining a Christian experience. The nineteenth-century emergence of a feminised Christ (simultaneously a radicalised and conservative representation) is a central figure in which to draw conclusions about the dissenting and gendered practices of these communities. Simplistic conclusions about literary communities are avoided, and instead the case studies represent the diversity of religious convictions, the differences in communal activities, and the varying textual products of collaboration. Community proved both enabling and challenging to the development of these five women.

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Juntti, Eira Hannele. "Gender and nationalism in Finland in the early nineteenth century." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004.

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Simpson, Clare S. "A social history of women and cycling in late-nineteenth century New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1693.

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In the final decade of the nineteenth-century, when New Zealand women began riding the bicycle, they excited intense public debate about contemporary middle-class ideals of femininity. The research question posed is: "why did women's cycling provoke such a strong outcry?" Three nineteenth-century cycling magazines, the New Zealand Wheelman, the New Zealand Cyclist, and the New Zealand Cyclists' Touring Club Gazette, were examined, along with numerous New Zealand and British contemporary sources on women's sport and recreation, etiquette, femininity, and gender roles. The context of the late-nineteenth century signifies a high point in the modernisation of Western capitalist societies, which is characterised in part by significant and widespread change in the roles of middle-class women. The bicycle was a product of modern ideas, designs, and technology, and eventually came to symbolise freedom in diverse ways. The dual-purpose nature of the bicycle (i.e., as a mode of transport and as a recreational tool) enabled women to become more physically and geographically mobile, as well as to pursue new directions in leisure. It afforded, moreover, increasing opportunities to meet and socialise with a wider range of male acquaintances, free from the restrictions of etiquette and the requirements of chaperonage. As a symbol of the 'New Woman', the bicycle graphically represented a threat to the proprieties governing the behaviour and movements of respectable middle-class women in public. The debates which arose in response to women's cycling focused on their conduct, their appearance, and the effects of cycling on their physical and moral well-being. Ultimately, these debates highlighted competing definitions of nineteenth-century middle-class femininity. Cycling presented two dilemmas for respectable women: how could they cycle and retain their respectability? and, should a respectable woman risk damaging herself, physically and morally, for such a capricious activity as cycling? Cyclists aspired to reconcile the ignominy of their conspicuousness on the bicycle with the social imperative to maintain an impression of middleclass respectability in public. The conceptual framework of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective is used to interpret the nature of heterosocial interactions between cyclists and their audiences. Nineteenth-century feminine propriety involved a set of performances, with both performers (cyclists) and audiences (onlookers) possessing shared understandings of how signals (impressions) ought to be given and received. Women on bicycles endeavoured to manage the impressions they gave off by carefully attending to their appearances and their behaviour, so that the audience would be persuaded to view them as respectable, despite the perception that riding a bicycle in public was risqué. In this way, women on bicycles attempted to redefine middle-class femininity. Women on bicycles became a highly visible, everyday symbol of the realities of modem life that challenged traditional gender roles and nineteenth-century formality. Cycling for New Zealand women in the 1890s thus played a key part in the transformation of nineteenth-century gender roles.

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41

Logan, Gabriella Berti. "Italian women in science from the Renaissance to the nineteenth century." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ46531.pdf.

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42

Daughtry, Ann Dring. "Convent refuges for disgraced girls and women in nineteenth-century France /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd238.pdf.

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Rivers, Bronwyn Anne. "Mid-nineteenth-century women novelists and the question of women's work." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365499.

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44

Mangion, Carmen Margaret. "Contested identities : active women religious in nineteenth-century England and Wales." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418110.

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45

Verdon, Nicola. "Rural women workers in nineteenth-century England : gender, work and wages /." Woodbridge ; Rochester (N.Y.) : Boydell Press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39005179c.

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46

Hunt, Leslie C. "A Tradition of Doubt: Women and Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626320.

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47

Gielgud, Judy. "Nineteenth century farm women in Northumberland and Cumbria : the neglected workforce." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359732.

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This thesis addresses a major omission in the history of agriculture. It is concerned with the contribution made by women to the enterprise of farming during the nineteenth century, in their varied capacities as farm servants, day labourers, bondagers, farmers' wives and daughters, and as women farmers in their own right. The three counties of Northumberland, Westmorland and Cumberland have been chosen partly because comparatively little modern research has focused on this part of the north of England. Information about farming methods and studies of particular areas or estates are, with few exceptions, located south of Lincolnshire. Choosing these more northern counties has therefore given the opportunity for original research to redress the existing Imbalance of information presently available. Additionally, the area, although mainly one of upland farming, also has the advantage of the usual east-west arable-pasture divide, showing women's versatility in day-labour work, dairy-work and stockrearing and fattening. There is also the contrast of extensive farms and smaller, family holdings, where women's unpaid labour as wife or daughter was essential to the viability of the enterprise. This diversity permits investigation into most of the agricultural tasks undertaken by women throughout the whole country. The variety of work done by women is explored in detail, and reevaluated, supported by Day Labour Records and the reports of contemporary commentators, and further interpreted by the use of specially recorded oral sources. The generally accepted decline of women's agricultural work throughout the century is challenged and evidence brought forward to support the view that it continued to be vital into the twentieth century. The marginalisation of their work is analysed and a theory advanced for their historically lower earnings and the continuing invisibility of their work in the eyes of so many agrarian historians. The major source of information on the work of women in agriculture, the two Government Enquiries in 1843 and 1867-8 is critically examined and some of the findings questioned. My argument throughout is that the contribution of women to the agrarian economy has been seriously undervalued, to the detriment of history as a record of the past.

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Landroche, Tina Michele. "Chinese women as cultural participants and symbols in nineteenth century America." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4291.

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Chinese female immigrants were active cultural contributors and participants in nineteenth century America, yet Americans often simplified their roles into crude stereotypes and media symbols. The early western accounts concerning females in China created the fundamental images that were the basis of the later stereotypes of women immigrants. The fact that a majority of the period's Chinese female immigrants became prostitutes fueled anti-Chinese feelings. This thesis investigates the general existence of Chinese prostitutes in nineteenth century America and how they were portrayed in the media. American attitudes toward white women and their images of Chinese women created the stereotype of all Chinese female immigrants as immoral. Thus, they became unconscious pawns of nineteenth century American nativist forces wanting to limit and prevent Chinese immigration based on prejudicial and racist attitudes.

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Wang, Tiffany R. "Devout Pedagogies: A Textual Analysis of Late Nineteenth Century Christian Women." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498327741573647.

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Himes, Amanda E. "Looking for comfort: heroines, readers, and Jane Austen's novels." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4929.

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ComfortÃ¢ÂÂwith its various connotations of physical ease, wealth, independence, and serviceÃ¢ÂÂis an important concept to Jane Austen, who uses comfort in her novels to both affirm and challenge accepted womenÃ¢ÂÂs roles and status in her culture. In the late eighteenth century, new ideas of physical comfort emerged out of luxury along with a growing middle class, to become something both English people and foreigners identified with English culture. The perceived ability of the English to comfort well gave them a reason for national pride during a time of great anxieties about FranceÃ¢ÂÂs cultural and military might, and Austen participates in her cultureÃ¢ÂÂs struggle to define itself against France. AustenÃ¢ÂÂs Ã¢ÂÂcomfortÃ¢ÂÂ is the term she frequently associates with women, home, and Englishness in her works. AustenÃ¢ÂÂs depiction of female protagonists engaged in the work of comforting solaces modern readers, who often long for the comfort, good manners, and leisure presented in the novels. Surveys of two sample groups, 139 members of the Jane Austen Society of North America and 40 members of the online Republic of Pemberley, elicit data confirming how current readers of Austen turn to her works for comfort during times of stress or depression. Although some readers describe using AustenÃ¢ÂÂs novels as a form of escapism, others view their reading as instructive for dealing with human failings, for gaining perspective on personal difficulties, and for stimulating their intellects. AustenÃ¢ÂÂs fiction grapples with disturbing possibilities, such as the liminal position of powerless single women at the mercy of the marriage market and fickle family wishes, as much as it provides comforting answers. Comforts (decent housing, love in marriage, social interaction) are such a powerful draw in AustenÃ¢ÂÂs works because womenÃ¢ÂÂs discomfort is so visible, and for many, so likely. Thus, AustenÃ¢ÂÂs comfort challenges as much as it reassures her audience.

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