Journal articles: 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century'

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Stansell, Christine. "Woman in Nineteenth-Century America." Gender History 11, no. 3 (November 1999): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00153.

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Michie, Elsie B. "Rich Woman, Poor Woman: Toward an Anthropology of the Nineteenth-Century Marriage Plot." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 2 (March 2009): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.2.421.

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The privileging of aesthetic over material value in the nineteenth-century English novel is reiterated in the marital choice offered the hero when he is positioned between a rich woman and a poor one. Through the contrast between these two female figures, the novels invoke the dilemma that, Adam Smith argued, troubled individuals in an increasingly commercial culture: the choice between wealth and virtue. The rich woman or heiress embodies the concerns about wealth lurking at the heart of narratives that apparently celebrate the overcoming of such material interests. Read against the backdrop of nineteenth-century political economy and anthropology, she reflects the novel's engagement with England's economic development over the long nineteenth century. She also reveals the irresolvable tension inherent in the cultural project, which begins in the middle of the eighteenth century, of disentangling the discourse of political economy from that of literature.

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Komar, Kathleen L., and Avriel H. Goldberger. "Woman as Mediatrix: Essays on Nineteenth-Century European Women Writers." German Quarterly 61, no. 3 (1988): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406449.

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Glass, Erlis, and Avriel H. Goldberger. "Woman as Mediatrix: Essays on Nineteenth Century European Women Writers." German Studies Review 11, no. 1 (February 1988): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430853.

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Watt, Helga Schutte. "Ida Pfeiffer: A Nineteenth-Century Woman Travel Writer." German Quarterly 64, no. 3 (1991): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406396.

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Thomson, Michael. "Woman, medicine and abortion in the nineteenth century." Feminist Legal Studies 3, no. 2 (August 1995): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01104111.

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Yeager, Gertude M. "Female Apostolates and Modernization in Mid-Nineteenth Century Chile." Americas 55, no. 3 (January 1999): 425–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007649.

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How religion became a tool for integrating women into the modernization process in mid-nineteenth century Chile is the subject of this essay. The intense liberal assault on tradition in nineteenth century Latin America resulted in cultural warfare that benefited women as the abandonment of the Church in record numbers by men created opportunities for both religious and lay women to assume leadership roles. Perhaps for the only time in its history, the Roman Catholic Church identified religious women as a specie of clergy and actively encouraged their female apostolates to preserve the faith of women and children. In Chile this tension between traditional Hispanic and competing bourgeois values had a female dimension because included among the indicators of modernity was the social role of woman. Traditional Hispanic culture cloistered woman in the convent or home; she was a private person who left the public sphere to her male relatives. Independence, however, introduced the idea of republican motherhood and the notion became more pronounced when travelers to the United States and Europe noted the freedom and social contributions of women thereby giving credence to the new concept. Female apostolates provided women with the bridge to the modern age and provided a “feminine ideal of self-sacrificing women [to balance] Adam Smith's masculine gospel of enlightened self-interest.”

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Easton-Flake, Amy. "Harriet Beecher Stowe's Multifaceted Response to the Nineteenth-Century Woman Question." New England Quarterly 86, no. 1 (March 2013): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00256.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe drew upon both suffrage and antisuffrage ideals to create an optimistic and multidimensional vision of progressive womanhood. In My Wife and I, her opus on the woman question, Stowe reinforces the home as America's essential space, illustrates how women exert control, and endorses women pursuing careers.

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Karl, Frederick R. "Contemporary Biographers of Nineteenth-Century Novelists." Victorian Literature and Culture 25, no. 1 (1997): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300004708.

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A sudden scholarly interest in Robert Louis Stevenson has resulted in a good many publications — his collected letters, a brief life by Ian Bell, a more authoritative life by Frank McLynn, and a very full biography of Fanny Stevenson, the American woman who lived with the writer for the last twenty years of his life. Besides informing us about the Stevensons, this outpouring says a good deal about where biography is now, in the mid-1990s.

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Derrick, Patty S. "Rosalind and the Nineteenth-Century Woman: Four Stage Interpretations." Theatre Survey 26, no. 2 (November 1985): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400008619.

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The nineteenth-century theatregoer in America and in England enjoyed a wonderful diversity of acting styles and roles among the actresses of the period. To be sure, it was an age of the womanly ideal, when playing Juliet appealed to every young actress. Perhaps too many aspired to the youthful, feminine charms of Juliet, for one disgusted New York critic complained that “40,000 American girls were doing the Balcony Scene that ought to be doing the family dishes.” Other roles such as Paulina, Galatea, and Parthenia thrived on the Victorian stage, male theatre critics applauding the feminine virtues of gentility and grace, loyalty, delicate humor, and occasional submissiveness. Interestingly, another sort of female role became extremely popular during this time: the breeches role.

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Kelley, M. "Woman Thinking: Feminism and Transcendentalism in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of American History 92, no. 4 (March 1, 2006): 1430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4485930.

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Herndl, Diane Price. "The invisible (invalid) woman: African‐American women, illness, and nineteenth‐century narrative." Women's Studies 24, no. 6 (September 1995): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1995.9979081.

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Hill, Bridget. "Nineteenth-century women poets." Women's Writing 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2000): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080000200390.

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Jump, Harriet. "Nineteenth-century women poets." Women's Writing 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080500200342.

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Šalinović, Ivana. "Women writers of 19th century Britain." Journal of Education Culture and Society 5, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20141.218.225.

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The theme of this paper are the nineteenth century woman authors in the United Kingdom and their writing. A brief overview of the woman writers during the whole century will be given. The most important authors will be represented. The paper will also explore the economic, social, political and other circumstances that determined their writing and try to represent their lives, their struggles, their writing and the styles they used.

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Hamessley, Lydia. "Within Sight: Three-Dimensional Perspectives on Women and Banjos in the Late Nineteenth Century." 19th-Century Music 31, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2007.31.2.131.

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During the last decades of the nineteenth century, women figured prominently in a marketing campaign by banjo manufacturers who sought to make the banjo a respectable instrument for ladies. Their overarching aim was to "elevate" the banjo's status from its African-American and minstrel-show associations, thereby making the instrument acceptable in white bourgeois society. At the same time, stereoview cards, three-dimensional photographs produced by the millions, were a popular parlor entertainment featuring a variety of contemporary images, including women playing the banjo. Yet, instead of depicting a genteel lady in the parlor playing her beribboned banjo, the stereoviews presented humorous and sometimes risque scenes of banjo-playing women. Further, virtually no stereoviews exist that show the banjo played by a lady in a parlor setting. Through a study of stereoscopic depictions of women in a variety of scenes, I place these unexpected images of women's music-making in a context that explains their significance. In particular I examine the way stereoviews provide insights about the tensions regarding the position and status of women in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American culture as revealed in the figure of the New Woman. Typical of constructions of this threatening figure, stereographic images picture the New Woman wearing bloomers, riding bicycles, attending college, smoking, neglecting her wifely duties and children, and even indulging in lesbian eroticism. Yet, stereoviews are distinctive in that they also show the New Woman playing the banjo, and I argue that the link between the banjo and the New Woman had a decisive and negative impact on the effectiveness of the banjo elevation project. Through an examination of these three-dimensional views, and drawing on late-nineteenth-century writing and poetry about the banjo, I show how the banjo in the hands of the New Woman became a cautionary cultural icon for middle- and upper-class women, subverting the respectable image of the parlor banjo and the bourgeois women who played it. I place this new evidence in the context of Karen Linn's paradigm describing the banjo elevation project as one that sought to shift the banjo from the realm of sentimental values to official values. The figure of the New Woman does not fit within Linn's dichotomy; rather, she falls outside both sets of values. Often viewed as a third sex herself, in a sense mirroring the gender tensions surrounding the banjo, the New Woman helped to shift the banjo into a third realm, that of revolutionary and perhaps even decadent values. This study enhances what we know about the way musical instruments have been used to reconfigure attitudes toward gender roles in the popular imagination and furthers our understanding of the complex role women have played in the history of the banjo. Moreover, this evidence demonstrates how gender and sexuality can affect the reception of music, and musical instruments, through powerful iconographic images.

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Alexander, Ruth M., and Kathleen De Grave. "Swindler, Spy, Rebel: The Confidence Woman in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of American History 83, no. 1 (June 1996): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945547.

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Kerr, Howard, and Mary Kelley. "Private Woman, Public State: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America." American Historical Review 90, no. 1 (February 1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1860905.

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Tuchman, Gaye, and Mary Kelley. "Private Woman, Public Stage: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 3 (May 1985): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071320.

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Baym, Nina, and Kathleen De Grave. "Swindler, Spy, Rebel: The Confidence Woman in Nineteenth-Century America." American Historical Review 102, no. 1 (February 1997): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2171399.

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SACHARSKI, SUSAN M. "The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century." Nursing History Review 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.6.1.165.

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22

YOUNG, HANNAH. "NEGOTIATING FEMALE PROPERTY- AND SLAVE-OWNERSHIP IN THE ARISTOCRATIC WORLD." Historical Journal 63, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000402.

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AbstractThis article uses Anna Eliza Grenville, first duchess of Buckingham and Chandos, as a lens through which to explore the gendering of aristocratic property- and slave-ownership in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain. Alongside the extensive metropolitan property that Grenville brought to her marriage was Hope estate, a Jamaican plantation upon which worked 379 enslaved men, women, and children. Using legal records, family papers, and correspondence, the article examines the ways in which Grenville negotiated her position as a married woman and substantial property-owner, and considers what it meant for a married woman to ‘own’ property, landed and in the form of other human beings, in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century aristocratic world. Examining her absentee slave-ownership alongside her metropolitan property-ownership highlights the complex intersections between race, class, and gender across both metropole and colony. In doing so, the article makes an important contribution to the rapidly expanding scholarship exploring female property-ownership in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain, hitherto almost entirely metropolitan in focus. It demonstrates how seamlessly enslaved property could be integrated into aristocratic forms of property-ownership and transmission, and highlights the important role that women played in bringing slave-ownership ‘home’ to metropolitan Britain.

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PEARD, JULYAN G. "Enchanted Edens and Nation-Making: Juana Manso, Education, Women and Trans-American Encounters in Nineteenth-Century Argentina." Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 3 (July 17, 2008): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08004409.

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AbstractThis article considers Juana Manso (1819–1875) as a crucial nation maker in nineteenth-century Argentina. Usually studied as a novelist, Manso was important beyond her literary production. As the first woman to be appointed to a government position and arguably the most radical feminist in nineteenth-century Argentina, Manso's story informs us about Argentine feminism and education, and illustrates how a woman, who lived in Uruguay, Brazil, United States and Cuba, became a crucial transmitter of ideas about emerging nations and a living example of the interconnectedness of the Americas.

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Powell, T. "Preacher Woman Sings the Blues: The Autobiographies of Nineteenth-Century African American Evangelists; Sentimental Confessions: Spiritual Narratives of Nineteenth-Century African American Women." American Literature 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-74-3-645.

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Keen, Suzanne, Nina Auerbach, U. C. Knoepflmacher, Hilary M. Schor, and Joseph Andriano. "Women and Nineteenth-Century Fiction." College English 56, no. 2 (February 1994): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/378735.

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Kapteijns, Lidwien, and Judith Tucker. "Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 1 (1987): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219330.

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Smith, Charles D., and Judith E. Tucker. "Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt." Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, no. 4 (October 1989): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604121.

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Clay, Christopher, and Judith E. Tucker. "Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt." Economic History Review 39, no. 4 (November 1986): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596500.

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Abu-Laban, Sharon McIrvin, and Judith E. Tucker. "Women in Nineteenth-Century Egypt." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069380.

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Levine, Philippa. "“So Few Prizes and So Many Blanks”: Marriage and Feminism in Later Nineteenth-Century England." Journal of British Studies 28, no. 2 (April 1989): 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385931.

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Marriage, for the nineteenth-century woman, was perhaps the single most profound and far-reaching institution that would affect the course of her life. For the woman who did not marry, whether by choice or by chance, spinsterhood marked her as one of society's unfortunates, cast aside from the common lot of the sex. For the woman who did enter wedlock, marriage spelled, simultaneously, a loss of freedom in both political and financial matters, perhaps domestic drudgery and frequent pregnancy, but undoubtedly a clear elevation in social status. Class position aside, marriage had a far greater effect on the lives of women than of men, and the pressures for women to marry were correspondingly far greater than those brought to bear upon men.The meaning and significance of marriage in Victorian England represented a central pressure point in the lives of all women. It was undoubtedly one of the major agencies of socialization to which women were exposed; the pressures it imposed were enormously persuasive and difficult to resist. Family expectation and even self-esteem competed with the public assessment of women on the basis of their marital status. For women, marriage and its effects permeated every aspect of their daily existence and shifted the focus of their emotional and social contacts—what Patricia Jalland has dubbed their “bedroom-bathroom intimacy”—from their own families to those of their husbands.The growing demographic imbalance between the sexes during the course of the nineteenth century was viewed with alarm by contemporary commentators who feared that the changing ratio of men to women would increase the numbers of unmarried women.

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Nicholas, Kathryn A. "Reexamining Women’s Nineteenth-Century Political Agency: School Suffrage and Office-Holding." Journal of Policy History 30, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 452–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030618000179.

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Abstract:Recognizing public education as a public good, policymakers have focused on providing those with direct interest in public schools opportunities to influence educational policy making. In the nineteenth century, this often meant providing women the right to vote on and to hold public school offices. Frequently conflated, suffrage and public office holding are actually two different, yet related, citizenship rights. Using state and territorial legislative records as a starting place, this article redefines the understanding of school suffrage by complicating the traditional narrative relative to its relationship with full woman suffrage. In doing so, it also provides evidence that before 1900 women were granted the right to hold public education offices, ultimately being elected in forty-three of forty-eight states before the twentieth century, thus broadening the understanding of women’s political agency prior to attaining full suffrage.

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Socarides, Alexandra. "What Happens When We Don’t Read Ballads Closely Enough." Nineteenth-Century Literature 71, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2016.71.2.215.

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Alexandra Socarides, “What Happens When We Don’t Read Ballads Closely Enough: The Cautionary Tale of the American Woman Poet and the Ballad” (pp. 215–226) This essay looks closely at two ballads by the nineteenth-century American poet Emma Embury in order to explore some of the ways in which the ballad’s use of the structural refrain enables a critique of its often-gendered content. By situating Embury’s poems within the context of the proliferation of the “bad woman ballads” that appeared in print in the first several decades of the nineteenth century, this essay explores her particular manipulations of the genre. In Embury’s ballads, the cautionary tale is housed in a refrain that is sung by a woman. This form works to make these women’s downfalls come true at the same time that it suggests a way out of this endlessly repeatable story that the genre performs so faithfully. This essay suggests that in our consideration of the genre, we pay particularly close attention to how women poets approached the ballad’s formal devices.

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송기호. "Woman and Poet: Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Nineteenth Century Women’s Poetry." Studies in English Language & Literature 33, no. 3 (August 2007): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21559/aellk.2007.33.3.004.

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Esteves, Alexandra. "The Criminal Woman: Visions and Theories in the Nineteenth-century Portugal." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (December 2014): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.044.

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Osaki, Amy Boyce. "A "Truly Feminine Employment": Sewing and the Early Nineteenth-Century Woman." Winterthur Portfolio 23, no. 4 (December 1988): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/496385.

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Melmoth, J. "Sophia Jex-Blake: A Woman Pioneer in Nineteenth-Century Medical Reform." BMJ 308, no. 6937 (April 30, 1994): 1172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1172a.

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Tranter, N. L. "Organized sport and the middle‐class woman in nineteenth‐century Scotland." International Journal of the History of Sport 6, no. 1 (May 1989): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523368908713676.

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38

Stokes, Claudia. "The Valiant Woman: The Virgin Mary in Nineteenth-Century American Culture." Journal of American History 103, no. 4 (March 1, 2017): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaw531.

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Weir, Carol Swain. "Book Review: Divine Expectations: An American Woman in Nineteenth-Century Palestine." Missiology: An International Review 29, no. 2 (April 2001): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960102900221.

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40

Carroll, Kathleen L. "The Americanization of Beatrice: Nineteenth-Century Style." Theatre Survey 31, no. 1 (May 1990): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400000995.

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To nineteenth-century theatre managers, who believed in the play as a commercial venture rather than an aesthetic one, portrayal of the modern American woman presented a dilemma. Sophisticated theatregoers, familiar with the rhetoric of the women's suffrage movement, looked to female role models for direction on how to maintain a delicate balance between independence and subservience: to project strength of convictions without loss of femininity (traditionally measured by male desirability), and to remain dependent on the economic necessity of marriage (Ziff, 278–80). Speculative theatre managers found Shakespeare's comedies especially adaptable to modern audience's tastes because the plays lacked stage directions, required no royalty payments, were exempt from copyright laws, and centered on ambiguous female characters. American audiences, believing they were becoming cultured, supported Shakespearean revivals, and strongly applauded those plays Americanized by theatre managers. Two late nineteenth-century productions of Much Ado About Nothing, one in 1882 by Henry Irving, the other in 1896 by Augustin Daly, clearly demonstrate how each speculative manager, acting in the name of art, refashioned Shakespeare's text and interpreted Beatrice around his own ideal of femininity, an ideal each believed American audiences would endorse.

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Horrocks, Jamie. "Hilary Fraser,Women Writing Art History in the Nineteenth Century: Looking Like a Woman." Notes and Queries 63, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjv217.

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Atkinson, Paul. "The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, exercise and doctors in the late nineteenth century (Book)." Sociology of Health and Illness 13, no. 1 (March 1991): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340368.

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Ross, MacIntosh, and Kevin B. Wamsley. "“The New Woman and the Manly Art”: Women and Boxing in Nineteenth-Century Canada." Sport History Review 51, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.2019-0005.

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On July 27, 1859, “Canada” Kate Clark met two Americans, Nellie Stem and Mary Dwyer, for a pair of prize fights in Fort Erie, Canada West. Beginning their adventure in Buffalo, New York, they rowed their way across the Niagara River to the fighting grounds in the British colony. Like pugilists before them, they stripped to the waist to limit potential grappling in battle. Both the journey and pre-fight fight preparations were tried and true components of mid-nineteenth century prize fighting. Although the press, and later historians, overwhelmingly associated such performances with male combatants, women were indeed active in Canadian pugilistic circles, settling scores, testing their mettle, and displaying their fistic abilities both pre- and post-Confederation. In this article, we begin to untangle the various threads of female pugilism, situating these athletes and performers within the broader literature on both boxing and women's sport in Canada. By examining media reports of female boxers—both in sparring and prize fighting—we hope to provide a historiographic foundation for further discussions of early female pugilism, highlighting the various ways these women upheld and challenged the notion of the “new woman” in Canada.

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Whitlock, Tammy. "Gender, Medicine, and Consumer Culture in Victorian England: Creating the Kleptomaniac." Albion 31, no. 3 (1999): 413–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000070629.

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In his Crime and Society in England 1750-1900 Clive Emsley notes that “for England the subject of the middle-class woman ‘kleptomaniac,’ as opposed to the working-class woman ‘thief,’ awaits an historian,” and casts doubt on the significance of the respectable shoplifter in England. However, not only is there ample evidence that middle-class shoplifting was a rising concern in Victorian England, it is a key example of the way in which gender ideology and medical science were constructed to solve a commercial and legal problem. Early in the nineteenth century, a respectable woman accused of shoplifting only had the option of denying her crime and blaming the shopkeeper; however, as the number of middle-class women committing retail crimes such as shoplifting and fraud increased, the issue of representation in the nineteenth century became more complicated. Woman’s role as aggressive consumer and her role in retail crime clashed with her home-centered image. In trials, canting ballads, and scathing articles, critics presented an image of the retail female criminal as greedy, fraudulent, and middle-class. Women fought against this image by denying their crimes or by participating in the creation of the developing representation of criminal women as ill rather than greedy.

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Bartnikowska-Biernat, Magdalena. "Obraz kobiety włoskiej w literaturze XIX wieku i jego realizacja w Półdiablęciu weneckim Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, no. 38 (October 15, 2020): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsl.2020.38.8.

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The type of la donna Italiana, the statuesque woman with dark hair, light skin and large, black, hypnotic eyes was popularized among the European men of letters in the nineteenth century. This stereotype had already been solidified in eighteenth-century Italian phraseology, but it was later brought into general use by Madame de Staël and George Byron. The Italian poet of the late nineteenth century, Annetta Ceccoli Boneschi, gathered and described the most distinctive features of the female citizens of different regions of Italy used by foreign writers to create their heroines. Among others, the Venetians were supposed to be the most beautiful and seductive women, with their soft accent and smouldering gaze. In Poland, this type of heroine appeared in Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s novel The Half-Demon of Venice, which is the main focus of this article. The creation of an Italian donna in this romance uses the stereotypes formed during the nineteenth century, but it also uses the individual observations made by Kraszewski himself during his tour through Italy.

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Habib, Irfan. "Book review: Ruby Lal, In Pursuit of Playfulness: The Girl-Child/Woman in Nineteenth-Century India." Studies in People's History 6, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919875310.

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McKay, Belinda. "Finding Voice: Emily Coungeau and ‘Australia's National Hymn of Progress’." Queensland Review 13, no. 2 (July 2006): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004402.

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In late nineteenth and early twentieth century Brisbane, writing became a profession that was increasingly open to women. This phenomenon developed partly in response to a rapidly expanding urban female audience, but in turn it helped to form the tastes, reading habits and social attitudes of new generations of female readers. The prolific and popular poet Emily Coungeau exemplifies a new, self-consciously cosmopolitan type of woman writer who emerged in Brisbane in the early twentieth century.

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Sebastian, J. Jayakiran. "The Baptism of Death: Rereading the Life and Death of Lakshmi Kaundinya." Mission Studies 28, no. 1 (2011): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016897811x572177.

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AbstractThis article re-reads the life and death of a young Brahmin woman, Lakshmi Kaundinya, as reported in a missionary journal in the middle of the nineteenth century. Using the analytical tools of postcolonial theory, it raises urgent questions about our unstable present by giving voice to this woman, who is silenced in a narrative that, though sympathetic, attempts to frame her as an arrogant Brahmin woman who did not want to give up the ways of her culture and conform to the expectations of the mission. It provides a sub-text to the more ‘successful’ story of the conversion of her husband, Anandarao Kaundinya, who is subsequently absorbed into the team of missionaries from the Basel Mission, by focusing on the challenges posed by gender and culture in narratives of nineteenth century conversions to Christianity.

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Gidlow, Liette. "THE SEQUEL: THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT, THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT, AND SOUTHERN BLACK WOMEN'S STRUGGLE TO VOTE." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 3 (July 2018): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000051.

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This essay reframes both the woman suffrage narrative and narratives of African American voting rights struggles by focusing on the experiences of southern African American women between the 1870s and the 1920s. It argues that the Fifteenth Amendment remained central to their suffrage strategy long after the failure of the “New Departure” to win court sanction caused white suffragists to abandon it. As white supremacists in the South worked at the turn of the century to disfranchise black men, leading African American suffragists such as Mary Church Terrell, Gertrude Bustill Mossell, and Adella Hunt Logan called for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments as well as the enfranchisement of black women. After the federal woman suffrage amendment was ratified in 1920, many southern African American women encountered the same barriers to voting—obstructionist tactics, threats, and violence—that black men had faced a generation earlier. In short, for aspiring African American voters in the South, the failure of the Nineteenth Amendment to secure voting rights for black women constituted a sad sequel to the failure of the Fifteenth Amendment to secure voting rights for black men.This interpretation offers three significant interventions. It pairs the Reconstruction-era Amendments with the Nineteenth Amendment, recognizing their shared focus on voting rights. It connects the voting rights struggles of southern African Americans across genders and generations. Finally, it finds that, for some women, the canonical “century of struggle” for voting rights continued long after the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified.

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Tokay-Ünal, Melike. "Mid-Nineteenth Century New England Women in Evangelical Foreign Missions: Seraphina Haynes Everett, A Missionary Wife in The Ottoman Mission Field." Turkish Historical Review 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00801003.

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This article illustrates American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions’ support of the “missionary matrimony”, mid-nineteenth-century New England women’s perceptions of the missionary career obtained through matrimony, and their impressions of the Oriental mission fields and non-Christian or non-Protestant women, who were depicted as victims to be saved. A brief introduction to New England women’s involvement in foreign missions will continue with the driving force that led these women to leave the United States for far mission fields in the second part of the paper. This context will be exemplified with the story of a New England missionary wife. The analysis consists of the journal entries and letters of Seraphina Haynes Everett of Ottoman mission field. The writings of this woman from New England give detailed information about the spiritual voyage she was taking in the mid-nineteenth century Ottoman lands. In her letters to the United States, Everett described two Ottoman cities, Izmir (Smyrna) and Istanbul (Constantinople), and wrote about her impressions of Islam and Christianity as practiced in the Ottoman empire. Everett’s opinions of the Ottoman empire, which encouraged more American women to devote themselves to the education and to the evangelization of Armenian women of the Ottoman empire in the middle of the nineteenth century, conclude the paper.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century'

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