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Allan, Elizabeth J. "Constructing women's status : policy discourses of university women's commission reports /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488190595941051.
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Cini, Carol Frances. "Making women's rights matter diverse activists, California's Commission on the Status of Women, and the legislative and social impact of a movement, 1962-1976 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495959571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Eubank, Morgan Lea. "Significance is Bliss: A Global Feminist Analysis of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its Privileging of Americo-Liberian over Indigenous Liberian Women's Voices." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4480.
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The purpose of my research is to analyze the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (LTRC) lack of attention towards accessing rural Liberian women's voices as opposed to privileged Liberian women residing in urban and Diaspora spaces. By analyzing the LTRC and its Final Report from a critical global feminist perspective, I was able to not only illuminate, but bring a spotlight over issues including access, privilege, and multicultural insensitivity related to Liberia's indigenous tribal cultures. Liberia, being a country founded by American colonials, is socially constructed by Western ideological norms. As Western ideology is mainly normalized and enforced by the privileged class, Americo-Liberians, the LTRC and Final Report were also constructed within Western constructions.
Given Liberia's historical colonial ties to the United States and its current relations to the global community, the LTRC decided to include Liberians in the Diaspora to its focus group. The Diaspora, also referred to as Liberia's 16th county, is made up of privileged Liberians displaced in overseas countries including the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. As with any progress, fashion, or business, attention is given to the newest, most profitable merchandise, or in the case of the LTRC, population. I hypothesized, and feared, that the LTRC did not provide indigenous Liberian women, many of whom reside in rural Liberia, equal access and effort as they did privileged Liberian women residing in urban and Diaspora spaces. To prove this, I conduct a feminist content analysis of the LTRC Final Report, recorded public testimonies which are available on the LTRC website (www.trcofliberia.org) and quantitative data collected and processed by, Benetech, a human rights statistics organization based out of Minnesota... a city which happens to be home to the highest number of Diaspora Liberians in the world. After conducting my investigation, I was able to conclude my thesis with reasons as to why underprivileged women's voices in Liberian should be included in doctrine, like the LTRC, and suggest ways to improve methods like the LTRC to ensure indigenous women's voices are fairly accessed and heard.
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Jones, Sheila. "Not "part of the job" sexual harassment policy in the U.S., the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and women's economic citizenship, 1975-1991 /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1217964889.
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Butterfield, Jo Ella. "Gendering 'universal' human rights: international women's activism, gender politics and the early cold war, 1928-1952." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2187.
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This dissertation analyzes how transnational feminist advocacy and ideas about gender shaped modern human rights doctrines that remain central to this day. After World War II, United Nations delegates drafted and adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). During this process, international feminist activists disagreed about how to incorporate women's long-standing rights claims into the emerging human rights framework. Fiery interwar debates about laws and standards that regulated female labor persisted, prompting influential U.S. feminists to oppose the inclusion of gender-specific rights. To challenge U.S. opposition, key delegates to the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) forged an unofficial coalition. Despite the fact that these CSW delegates held competing ideas about gender and represented distinct national governments, they collectively crafted a significant but little-known women's human rights agenda and lobbied UDHR drafters to adopt it. Their proposals not only included political and civil rights, but also promoted particular economic and social rights for women as a group. They maintained, for instance, that child care and maternity leave should be obligations of the state. Indeed, the CSW insisted that recognition of their women's human rights agenda was essential to building a socially-just postwar order.
While Anglo-American women dominated interwar NGOs, the CSW showcased myriad international voices and won critical allies among liberal and conservative UN delegations by linking the advance of women's human rights to notions of modernity and democracy. As a result, the CSW made substantial political and civil rights gains, such as the guarantee of equal rights in marriage and divorce. Yet feminist delegates had to juggle their internationally-minded agenda with the interests they were to serve as national representatives. This task was further complicated by nascent Cold War politics and a growing anti-feminist backlash at the UN. In this context, UDHR drafters ultimately rejected the CSW's call for women's economic and social rights--a "social revolution" for women--in favor of the perceived stability of the "traditional" family. By the early 1950s, anti-communist pressures led the CSW to sever the pursuit of women's rights from the developing human rights framework at the UN. Feminists' absence from the UN human rights debates over the next several decades removed a forceful challenge to U.S.-led efforts to privilege political and civil rights over economic and social rights, and fostered a tacit hierarchy of rights that persists to this day.
This dissertation places the CSW's competing vision of universal human rights at the center of the postwar human rights project, and expands our understanding of the history of international women's activism and human rights. By analyzing official UN records, delegates' papers and memoirs, and the records of governmental and non-governmental organizations, it reveals that postwar human rights advocacy was critically shaped by women's activism of the interwar period. Furthermore, this dissertation demonstrates that the CSW's demands for women's rights shaped the context from which the universal human rights framework emerged. Indeed, feminist activism and debates about the rights of women influenced UDHR drafters' views about human rights in ways that expanded, but also significantly curtailed postwar human rights standards. As a result, feminist activists continue to fight today for full recognition of women's rights as human rights.
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Honda, Masumi. "Assessing the Impact of Gender Sensitive Truth Commissions : Comparative analysis of South Africa and Sierra Leone." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385336.
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Much has been studied about the impact of transitional justice mechanisms as well as gendered impactof armed conflict. However, less is known about the gendered impact of transitional justice, includingtruth commissions. This thesis aims to fill this research gap by exploring the long-term consequencesof gender sensitive and gender-blind truth commissions for women’s security in post-conflict societies.Combining and building upon feminist critiques on transitional justice and discourses on thetransformative potential of truth commissions, I argue that truly gender sensitive truth commissionscan facilitate improvement of women’s security, as the reparations and institutional reformsrecommended by such commissions are also gender sensitive and help address root causes of violenceagainst women (VAW). The argument is tested through a structured focused comparison of two cases– South Africa and Sierra Leone. The results provided meager support for the theorized relationship.South Africa, which was characterized by low gender sensitivity of its truth commission, shows nochange in terms of the prevalence of VAW; whereas Sierra Leone with a highly gender sensitive truthcommission demonstrated improvement in some areas of women’s security. However, the evidencebase is thin while the poor implementation of the recommendations obscures the observable impactof the Sierra Leone truth commission, which compels further research with a larger number of casesand robust data collection strategy.
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Luswata, Kawuma Eva. "Reinvigorating women's rights in Africa : the case for the Special Rapporteur and Additional Protocol." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1037.
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"The objectives of the study are as follows: 1. To critically examine the efficacy of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa (SRRWA) with particular emphasis on the new legal framework created by the Protocol. 2. To investigate the operation of some universal and regional organs with comparable mandate, and their possible relevance to the improvement of the SRRWA. 3. To put forward recommendations for the improvement of the mandate of the SRRWA that will enhance its impact on the promotion and protection of women's rights in Africa. ... Following this introduction, the study is divided into three chapters. The first chapter traces the envolvement of the SRRWA in the Commission, provides its current operations and briefly expounds on the other mechanisms in the Commission targeting women. The second chapter evaluates both the terms of the mandate (within the context of the Protocol), and its successes and shortcomings. The third chapter explores comparative international and regional protection mechanisms and their possible relevance to the SRRWA. The fourth chapter contains recommendations on improving the mandate and concluding remarks." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Collard, Juliane. "Tracing knowledge and the law : the Missing Women Commission of Inquiry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44831.
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In response to public concern over the prolonged serial killings of Vancouver’s Missing Women, in 2010 British Columbia’s provincial government called a public inquiry into the police investigation of Robert William Pickton, the convicted murderer of six women from Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. Commissions of Inquiry advocates suggest that the quasi-legal framework makes it an ideal tool for exploring this case of juridico-political silence. As an inclusive and collaborative process, public inquiries create a space for hearing the voices that might be silenced in a formal trial. And yet, accounts of the Missing Women Commission of Inquiry (MWCI) suggest that it was a highly divisive and exclusionary process. This thesis explores the empirical details of the MWCI asking how modes of knowledge production are mobilized within the legal space it generates and with what effect. Drawing on inquiry transcripts, interviews with legal professionals and community organizers, and theoretical contributions from critical legal studies, performance studies, and archive theory, I query the epistemological and ontological exclusions that shaped the MWCI and their rootedness in naturalized legal codes and categories.
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Ross, Fiona C. "Bearing witness : women and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3618.
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Ziyambi, Gabriel. "Commissioned women soldiers and politics in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8146.
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Masters of ArtThe Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) and the ruling party, the Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), are strongly interlinked in politics since independence, that is, the Army largely functions as the military wing of the party (ZANU-PF) and the state. The ZNA is also deeply involved in civilian politics. This study examines the experiences of commissioned women soldiers, as well as their understandings of power and politics in the ZNA. While many male soldiers are in positions of power and authority in the military, party, state, and civilian politics, commissioned women soldiers are marginalised in all of these areas. The role and position of women soldiers in this regard nevertheless remain under-researched. In this thesis I interrogate the complex processes and relations of power which discipline women soldiers and exclude them from processes of power and politics in the ZNA. I argue that there are various practice and discourses which affect women soldiers’ roles in the military. To do so, I draw on Foucault’s (1977) work on power/ knowledge, particularly the concepts of practices, relations, power and panopticism to examine how woman soldiers’ aspirations regarding power and politics are monitored and restricted in the military. I also draw on Enloe’s (2000) work on power politics and Sasson-Levy’s (2003) work on military gendered practices as interpretive and critical paradigmatic approaches to analyse how women experience hegemonic military masculinities in- and outside the army. The study employed ethnographic methods such as life histories, in-depth interviews and informal conversations with ten commissioned women soldiers in the ZNA. These methods were triangulated to corroborate responses from research participants and the data was thematically analysed
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Whitener, Angela Michele. "The Integration of Women into North Carolina Politics: An Examination of Boards and Commissions." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01232004-153852/.
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This thesis examines women?s participation in politics by utilizing a model of gender integration. This model shows that there are two ways that women enter the political world: horizontally and vertically. Horizontal integration represents the increase of women into politics in numbers while vertical integration requires that women ascend to positions of power and leadership within the institution. The main focus of this study is an analysis of women?s appointment to boards and commissions in North Carolina. My analysis focuses on the number of women serving on forty boards and commissions over an eight-year period. The boards and commissions were chosen in two groups. First, a survey of elected officials and other key individuals was performed to assess the state?s most powerful boards and commissions. The top twenty of these were chosen for examination. Then, twenty lesser boards and commissions were chosen at random. After a statistical analysis of my results, I conclude that women are not making significant gains in their appointments to boards and commissions and I explain this lack of progress as an example of the continuing significance of political roles. Throughout the paper, I explore definitions of gender and how a woman?s experiences may affect her participation in certain issue areas in the political realm, particularly with regard to appointments to boards and commissions. In addition, I discuss women in North Carolina politics from 1920 to the present and give substantive examples of how women have influenced public policy in North Carolina.
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Jones, Sheila. "Not “Part of the Job”: Sexual Harassment Policy in the U.S., the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and Women’s Economic Citizenship, 1975–1991." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1217964889.
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Melin, Elvira. "Including Her Story in History : A study of how truth commissions best can incorporate women." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315214.
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Daley, Tanya Dawn. "The Politics of “Choice”: Canadian Feminism and the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20264.
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The Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies developed rapidly in Canada after the birth of world’s first “test tube baby,” Louise Brown, in 1978. Canadian feminists, propelled by the women’s health movement, perceived these technologies as a threat to women’s control over their bodies, the gains made to redefine the identity “woman” against the biological tradition of “mother,” and against the safety and freedom of women based on race, disability and class. In response to the lobby efforts of the women’s movement under the Canadian Coalition for a Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies, the Mulroney government established a commission in 1989 to study the medical, legal, and social implications these technologies would have on Canadian society.
Through a qualitative analysis of manuscript and printed sources, this thesis explores the debate surrounding new reproductive technologies (NRTs) before and after the mandate of the Royal Commission (1989 to 1993). It discusses the views and positions of some of the key stakeholders such as the National Action Committee on the Status of Women, the Canadian Medical Association, the DisAbled Women’s Network, as well as adds the voice of infertile women through the Infertility Awareness Association of Canada.
This thesis also examines the controversy and discontent created by the Commission’s dismissal of several members, by the management’s style of its Chair, and by the final report’s narrow scope. In the end, the reaction to the report was one of considerable disappointment amongst all major stakeholders, starting with NAC, which claimed that its voice had not been heard. At the same time, the debate over NRTs illustrates NAC’s ongoing internal problems as it faced the challenge of “identity politics.”
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Strickland, Alice Marina. "Three officially commissioned women war artists of the Second World War : Ethel Gabain, Evelyn Gibbs and Evelyn Dunbar." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/599.
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This thesis has been written with the intention of providing an account of the work of Ethel Gabain (1883-1950), Evelyn Gibbs (1905-1991) and Evelyn Dunbar (1906-1960). All three were commissioned as war artists during the Second World War by the War Artists Advisory Committee and are probably best known today for the work they performed as war artists, indeed, the major repository for their work is the Imperial War Museum. All three were selected on the strength of their work prior to the war and all produced work during their commissions that received critical recognition in the press. Yet their war work did not lead to an increased call in demand for their work by galleries and collectors, and their commissions did not act as catalysts in a change of style. Their work was raised on a platform that offered the chance to garner critical significance, yet only Dunbar's war work has received the attention it deserves, and this admiration for her war work has only grown over time. Arguably their role in World War Two, as part of the war effort, gave them the first opportunity to participate in the same broad arena as their better known contemporaries. When these three became war artists in a sense they joined the populist mainstream that embraced a whole spectrum of avant-garde and conservative artists. This moment (for that's what it was) doesn't sustain them after the war, so the question must be raised as to the relationship between artistic ability, professional success and critical significance. My research seeks to appraise these artists' achievements and give them a place within the art world of the first half of the twentieth century, alongside their more critically acclaimed contemporaries. As art historians we need to look at all the components in a much larger picture of twentieth century art than that which has been widely disseminated within art historical practice.
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Harrison, Elaine. "Women members and witnesses on British government ad hoc committees of inquiry 1850-1930, with special reference to royal commissions of inquiry." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2609/.
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The thesis describes the participation of women as witnesses and members of British government committees of inquiry during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It examines this participation both from the point of view of the women concerned and of the administrations which appointed them. It seeks to establish that such committee work was a form of political activity for individual women; and, by indicating the extent of the organisations and networks which linked these and similar women, demonstrates the existence of a small group of women working within the political elite who collaborated in the shaping of certain aspects of public policy during this time. The thesis also considers the institutional implications of women's membership of committees by examining governmental and civil service attitudes to their appointments. It attempts to uncover how and why women were chosen, and argues that women's committee participation was instrumental in the formation of ideas about women's political work. In committees women became established as an interest group to be represented in the same way and in much the same proportions as other class or professional groupings. They thus achieved representation through interest rather than through equity, which contributed to enduring precedents for their subsequent political roles after they were granted the franchise. I examine the work of women on committees as the committee form itself evolved to incorporate them and other groups from within and outside the elite social classes, providing a means by which the political nation could expand through slight changes in existing forms. Appointment to an advisory committee is not commonly seen as political representation, but during the proliferation of such committees through the nineteenth century, it offered a means of participation in political life for some of those denied direct representation through the franchise. In Britain women began to be appointed to such committees some thirty years before they were granted a limited franchise in 1918. Through the committee form women were offered a representative voice in a growing but clearly delimited range of issues that were deemed to concern them, broadly within education, social welfare, and employment. However, their achievements were limited both by their confinement to such issues, and by their consistently low numbers on committees. The thesis concludes that women's committee participation was fixed at almost the same time as it began, and that the period of women's most decisive involvement with this form was during the years between about 1908 and the early 1920s.
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Parrey, Yvonne Margaret. "Vision and visibility of women in technoscience : On the participation of women in the social imaginary of technoscience and popular media." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155062.
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After situating my interest in issues of women’s participation in technoscience, starting withmy experiences in the 1970s, this thesis turns to consider women’s visibility in more recenttechnoscience, in the light of European Commission figures indicating a slower progressionfor women into the more prestigious positions in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineeringand Mathematics) than the Commission had hoped.Two media case studies are presented focusing on the visibility of women in the EuropeanUnion (including the United Kingdom). One case study considers the media campaign whichinitiated the public promotion of a European Commission campaign to encourage women intoscience. The campaign-launch taster video was “Science it’s a girl thing! The other casestudy involved an analysis of media from a ‘Day in the technology news’ drawn from theBBC TechNews website on the 7th January 2018.The analysis of the social imaginary draws upon still images clipped from the short videoclips. The discussion is set within the context of the ‘woman question’ in science and ‘thescience question in feminism’ and both the notion of the gaze, and also Deleuzian notions offaceicity and affect. This analysis then reflects upon the research question: “Dorepresentation and visual modelling, visual encounters, or some less tangibleaffective factors, play a role in continuing an androcentric focus in science andtechnology, and how might this impact on the on-going exclusion or disincentivisingof technology and research careers for women, even if narratives havechanged and initiatives have tried to entice more women into STEM and research inthe UK and European Union?” Ultimately the underlying interest is “What can bedone about the woman question in science and technology in these areas if we are to try and redress the imbalance in women’s participation?”
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DuBose, Robert K. "Continuum of coercion : staff sexual misconduct in juvenile justice departments, programs and facilities in Texas /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/crijtad/2.
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SILVA, ANA CAROLINA PEREIRA. "STUDY ON NANCY FRASER S MODEL OF GLOBAL JUSTICE: THE EMERGENCE OF A TRANSNATIONAL SPACE OF DISCUSSION AND ITS REFLECTION AT THE UN S COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34400@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo oferecer uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de desenvolvimento institucional dos espaços públicos no mundo globalizado. Para tanto, pretende-se enxergar quais são as perspectivas teóricas oferecidas por Nancy Fraser e como suas ideias podem ser observadas na prática através de um estudo crítico da Comissão para o Status da Mulher (CSW) da ONU. Em um primeiro momento, busca-se fazer um estudo do modelo de justiça global construído por Nancy Fraser em sua obra acadêmica, analisando as categorias de redistribuição, reconhecimento e representação como defendidas pela autora e em contraste com outros autores que dialogam nesta área. Este assunto é dividido em dois capítulos. Um primeiro onde se observa a proposta de integração entre redistribuição e reconhecimento e os problemas decorrentes desta relação e um segundo no qual se busca aprofundar as questões de representação de primeira e segunda ordem à luz de uma nova conjuntura política provocada pelo desgaste do enquadramento institucional vestfaliano e da soberania estatal para resolver problemas de justiça social em decorrência do fenômeno da globalização. No segundo momento, o trabalho pretende investigar a operacionalidade do modelo defendido por Fraser buscando vislumbrá-lo no processo e nos produtos da Comissão para o Status da Mulher (CSW) da ONU, indagando em que medida este espaço reflete uma nova proposta de enquadramento para o conhecimento, a discussão e a decisão de demandas de modo democrático e se - e como - ocorre a integração de políticas de redistribuição, reconhecimento e representação de primeira ordem nas decisões tomadas por este órgão.
The present dissertation aims to offer a reflection on the need institutional development of public spaces in a globalized world. For such, it is intended to see which are the theoretical perspectives offered by Nancy Fraser and how her ideas can be observed in practice through a critical study on the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) of the UN. In a first moment, it aims to make a study of the model of justice constructed by Nancy Fraser in her academic production, analyzing the categories of redistribution, recognition and representation as defined by the author and in contrast with other authors that dialog in this area. This subject is divided in two chapters. A first where it is observed the proposal of integration between redistribution and recognition and the resulting problems of this relation and a second in which is aimed to deepen the question of representation in both first and second orders in the light of a new political conjuncture triggered by the detrition of the Westphalian institutional framing and of the state sovereignty to solve the problems of social justice provoked by the phenomenon of globalization. At the second moment, this work intends to investigate the operability of the model defended by Fraser trying to behold it in the process and in the products of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) of the UN, inquiring in what measure is there a new proposal of framing for the acknowledgment, the discussion and the decision of claims in a democratic way and if - and how - occurs the integration of politics of redistribution, recognition and representation of first order in the decisions taken by this organ.
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Baines, Erin K. "The elusiveness of gender-related change in international organizations, refugee women, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the political economy of gender." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ60663.pdf.
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Barnes, Karen 1977. "Through a gendered lens? : institutional approaches to gender mainstreaming in post-conflict reconstruction." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33870.
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Although civil war affects all civilians, it impacts men and women in different ways, and it influences their gender roles and responsibilities. Comparatively little attention has been given to assessing the gender sensitivity of international organizations who implement post-conflict reconstruction programs. The different social, economic and political dimensions of war to peace transitions, and how they impact on gender relations, can shed some light on the complicated intersections of needs and interests in wartorn societies. An examination of the policies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Bank reveals that there is relatively little gender mainstreaming within their post-conflict operations. This research finds that the lack of resources and coordination, the failure to build on local capacities, and a lack of commitment to gender mainstreaming are the main obstacles these organizations face. To improve the situation it is recommended that organizations develop and use a 'gender checklist' at all stages of project planning, implementation and monitoring to ensure increased gender sensitivity in post-conflict programming.
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Batista, Carla Gisele. "Movimento e instituição: ação feminista em defesa da legalização do aborto." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23711.
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CAPES, CNPq
Este trabalho busca reconstituir fatos da história recente dos movimentos feministas brasileiros dentro do leque mais ampliado dos movimentos sociais surgidos a partir das décadas de 1960/1970 e pela forma como conflitos instaurados e absorções de demandas se estabelecem na relação com o Estado a partir da instituição de mecanismos de participação e da instalação de instâncias governamentais voltadas para a implementação de políticas públicas para as mulheres. Realizado através de pesquisa documental e de entrevistas, está circunscrito ao debate em torno da revisão da legislação que criminaliza a prática do aborto no Brasil. A delimitação temporal desta pesquisa corresponde aos períodos anteriores e imediatamente posteriores às I e II Conferências Nacionais de Políticas para as Mulheres (primeiro e segundo mandatos Lula). Trata, também, de outra iniciativa que aconteceu de forma paralela: a instauração de um debate no Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a aprovação de um permissivo para os casos de anencefalia, aprofundando sobre as diversas táticas desenvolvidas para a ampliação da legislação existente desde 1940.
This work seeks to reconstitute facts of the recent history of Brazilian feminist movements, within the broader group of social movements that have emerged starting in the nineteen sixties and seventies and by the way in which established conflicts and absorption of demands are established in the relationship with the States, starting from the institution of participation mechanisms and the implementation of government bodies that aimed to put in motion public policies for women. Made through documental research and interview, this work circumscribes the debate around reviewing the legislation that criminalizes abortion in Brazil. The time delimitation of this research corresponds to the periods before and immediately after the First and Second National Conferences of Policies for Women (during Lula´s first and second terms). This work is also about another initiative that has happened at the same time: the establishment of a debate in the Supreme Federal Court regarding the approval of a permissive for cases of anencephaly, furthering the work on several tactics developed to broaden the legislation that exists since 1940.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes February 1, 2016." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/600928.
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Tizeba, Hilda Charles. "The treatment of gender-issues and development in the Sierra Leonean transitional justice context." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6349.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)Transitional justice mechanisms have become commonplace as a tool for recovery for societies emerging from conflict and repressive regimes. The extent to which women's rights concerning development and long-term economic advancement in the arena of transitional justice is dealt with is almost negligible. The significance of including development as a means of protecting marginalised groups such as women has been mostly disregarded in the transitional justice context. Currently, the discourse on gender justice has placed civil and political rights as well as sexual crimes against women at the centre stage. Transitional justice mechanisms have failed to give effect to long-term sustainable and substantive change in women's lives following conflict and periods of repressive rule. The core aims of transitional justice are prosecution of offenders, reconciliation and reparations for the victims of gross human rights abuses. Reparations are usually used as a medium through which restitution and compensation for the harm suffered by victims are made possible. Reparations are also deemed as an essential element for the healing and recovery of the individual victim and the society affected by egregious human rights violations.
25
Ficová, Klára. "Regulace reklamy se zaměřením na zobrazování žen." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17062.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with self-regulation in the advertising, especially image of women in advertising. The main theme focuses on portrayal of women in advertising, gender stereotypes, and sexism. The practical part examines the available studies on women's image and analyzes advertising dealt with Arbitration Commission of Advertising Council in period 2005 - 2009. In conclusion there is a set of recommendations for self-regulatin in advertising.
26
Healy, Lynn Marie. "Framing the Victim: Gender, Representation and Recognition in Post-Conflict Peru." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440092938.
Full text
27
Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes April 3, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623515.
Full text
28
Mogopudi, Woods Wadikgwa. "The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the protection of women detainees in Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10762.
Full textAbstract:
LL.M. (International Law)At any given time, there are about 10 million people held in prisons around the world, with about 668,000 of these incarcerated in sub-Saharan Africa and about one million in the continent in total. On the continent, female prisoners – an estimated five per cent of the population – are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations due to their historical inequalities, socio-economic vulnerabilities and a gender- slanted criminal justice system. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights guarantees the rights of detainees through the interpretation of several articles. The vulnerabilities of women detainees highlight the need to prioritise the rights of women in a system that is wholly unequal, fostering the rights to non-discrimination and promoting equality before the law,6 as recognised by the charter. Besides numerous international instruments, several resolutions and declarations have been adopted on the continent regarding the general rights of detainees through the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. These instruments aim to prohibit cruel treatment and torture,make provision for fair access and treatment under the judicial system, create a standard for reasonable prison conditions, accelerate penal reform and through the Special Rapporteur on Prisons (SRP), monitor the promotion and protection of the rights of detainees...
29
Lee, Wen-Ying, and 李. 文. 英. "Exploring Democratic Governance: The Experience of the Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women's Rights." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64975871141498534848.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
政治學研究所
100
The Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women's Rights established on January 23, 1996, is the first women’s policy mechanism consist of both the government and the NGOs in Taiwan. This commission has been operating for over 15 years and serving under three different mayors. No study has been conducted to systematically review the long-term performance of the Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women's Rights. Since this gender policy machinery is significantly related to the women's movement and democratization in Taiwan, this study explores the democratic governance of the commission. By analyzing interviews and data from commission meetings, and through three case studies, this study investigates the limitations and challenges faced by the commission. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women's Rights has experienced initialization, institutionalization, and routinization. Party change in the city government did not interrupt the institutionalization process. (2) Mayoral attendances to the commission’s general meetings have decreased. (3) The professionalism of this commission is appreciated, because of the gender sensitivity of its civic members. (4) The civic members of the commission are invited by the mayor and the diversity of the members has been considered. (5) Although bureaucratic responsiveness has improved, the potential to be perfunctory remains. Documents and records of the general meetings can usually be found on the Internet; however, officials still retain the power to remove the Website without consulting the commission. (6) The commission is severely criticized for lacking horizontal and vertical accountability. Regarding the commission’s insufficient democratic governance, we make the following recommendations: (1) Because the political wills of the mayor and bureau heads are crucial for implementing gender equality policies, civic members should insist that the mayor and bureau heads attend general meetings. (2) Orientations for new commission members must be conducted to facilitate smooth transition. (3) Gender impact assessment and implementation effectiveness of policies should be traced by the commission to ensure policy responsiveness. (4) A bureaucratic unit fully dedicated to making and supervising the implementation of gender equality policies should be established. (5) Civic members of the commission should collaborate with the Taipei City councilors to accelerate the implementation of the gender equality policies. (6) An annual meeting for all women should be held to increase women’s political participation and representation, and to improve vertical accountability for gender equality policies.
30
WAN-CHING, PENG, and 彭婉菁. "The Role and Function of Women's Commission in Hakka Association: A Case Study of Hakka Association of Thailand." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nwgz2a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
客家文化研究所
102
Abstract In Thailand, Chinese community and the culture are still saved in the Thai society by her own way, even if the language, the food and lodging, the motherland recognized are not big difference between Thai Chinese and Thai, but in the cultural custom and the life idea, the Thai Chinese are still retaining their own traditional Chinese culture. Now Times emphasized Ethnic Awareness. What kind of appearance that Hakka people present in the cultural development and the extension in Thailand? Regarding the Hakka culture development, Hakka Association which has the public welfare image in the Thailand society, has what influence? Also in Thailand Hakka family, what function and influence that Hakka women will have in Hakka culture inheritance development? When Hakka women enter Hakka Association, what are their role and function? These questions will be discussed in the study. The study will use literature review and documentary analysis. And the study divides into three parts: the history of Thai Chinese, the development of Hakka Association in Thailand, and participation situation of Hakka women in Hakka Association. The study will discuss the role and function of Hakka women in Hakka Association and Thai society.
31
Letlaka, Palesa Nthabiseng. "'Gendered histories and the politics of subjectivity, memory and historical consciousness - a study of two black women's experiences of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) process and the aftermath.'." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19861.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Arts
(History)
February 2013This study examines the gendered histories of two black women who both narrated their personal testimonies in self-authored narrations for public consumption, and who both testified at the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). It situates the politics of subjectivity, memory and historical consciousness within the social constructivist and hermeneutical theoretical frameworks of Butler and Ricoeur respectively; and through a generative process, working with their TRC testimonies and subsequent oral interviews, it examines self-narrativity, subject formation and the formation of female selfhood in the formation of gendered historical consciousness
32
Reid, Katie. "Gender, Women, and Truth Commissions: The Canadian and South African Truth and Reconciliation Commissions." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5352.
Full textAbstract:
Truth and reconciliation commissions vary across geo-political context, depending on the social, economic, and political landscapes. In this thesis I compare how the truth and reconciliation commissions in Canada and South Africa vary in their approach to gender. If truth and reconciliation commissions (TRC) are venues to address past injustices, then the different gendered experiences of injustice need to be centred in the work of commissions. Yet, as I argue, the Canadian TRC has only minimally incorporated gender differences into its work, and while the South African TRC made women’s experiences more central, it too did not fully address the impact of gendered forms of domination.Graduate
0615
0453
kereid@uvic.ca
33
Tremblay, Mélanie. "In search of protection : sexual minority women in Canadian refugee determination." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11941.
Full textAbstract:
Le Canada accepte des demandes d’asile sur la base de l'orientation sexuelle depuis
plus de 20 ans. Quoi qu’il en soit, cette recherche permet de douter du fait que les demandes
sur la base de l’orientation sexuelle déposées par des femmes soient traitées de façon
adéquate. Pour garantir l’accès à la protection des femmes appartenant à des minorités
sexuelles, une analyse du risque de persécution fondé sur l'orientation sexuelle doit incorporer
des considérations de genre ainsi que divers autres facteurs d’ordre social et culturel. À partir
d’une étude de cas de demandes du statut de refugié déposées par des femmes sur la base de
l’orientation sexuelle et rejetées par la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié
entre 2010 et 2013, cette recherche identifie des procédés décisionnels problématiques qui font
obstacle au droit d’asile de ces femmes. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent qu’une analyse
intersectionnelle, laquelle prend acte des formes variées et multiples de l’oppression dans un
contexte social donné, est d’importance cruciale pour une évaluation éclairée et non tronquée
des risques de persécution pour les minorités sexuelles féminines. À la lumière de ces
résultats, ce mémoire propose qu’une analyse intersectionnelle accompagne une nécessaire
formation pour les membres de la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié du
Canada sur des questions particulières à des minorités sexuelles.Canada has accepted refugee claims on the basis of sexual orientation for more than 20 years; however, research suggests that claims brought by women on the basis of sexual orientation have not always received fair adjudication. To ensure equitable access to protection for sexual minority women, an analysis of their risk of persecution must incorporate gender and other social and cultural factors that influence their experiences. Based on a case study of claims brought by women on the basis of sexual orientation between 2010 and 2013, which were subsequently rejected by the Canadian Immigration and Refugee board, this research identifies decision making that poses obstacles to sexual minority women’s access to refugee protection. The findings from this case study demonstrate that an intersectional analysis, which considers various forms of oppression within a particular social context, is crucial to a complete and informed assessment of the risk of persecution for sexual minority women. In light of these findings, this paper proposes that an intersectional analysis accompany continued training for Immigration and Refugee Board members on issues particular to sexual minorities.
34
Nomoyi, Nontuthuzelo Caroline. "Trauma experienced by women who made submissions at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26951.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on the impact of the revelations at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearings on 30 female victims of all races. An explanatory model, the TRC Revelation Aftermath Model was designed to direct the research and to interpret the data. Researcher made use of a non-probability sampling strategy. Five respondents were selected by purposive sampling and 25 were selected by means of the snowball sampling. The sample of this study consisted of three components, namely ten Commissioners of the TRC, ten Coordinators who worked in the TRC offices, as well as 30 female victims of all races. The Commissioners were interviewed to validate the data obtained from the victims while the Coordinators were consulted merely to obtain general information on the criteria which was used to process the applications submitted by the victims in order to receive the reparations. The analysis of the data revealed that the respondents accepted three assumptions, namely, they were invulnerable with regard to trauma such as that caused by the revelations of the TRC. In addition to this they viewed life as meaningful and that they also had a positive attitude towards it before the political conflict of the apartheid era in South Africa impacted on them. These assumptions were interpreted in terms of Janoff-Bulman and Frieze's theory. The research findings indicated that the assumptions were not only affected by the revelations but that they also influenced the way in which these women experienced the TRC process. It was found that the victim respondents, whose family members had disappeared and were never confirmed dead, had suffered exacerbated emotions which were characterised by denial. This was the result of repressed memories associated with the grief. Of importance too, was the finding that a few of the victims were successful in deriving meaning from their suffering, while others, who could not achieve this, could not reconcile with their perpetrators and this was determined by their age. As the former were willing to forgive their perpetrators they had thus found inner peace. During the interviews, the victims mentioned that although the TRC had appeared to be necessary before they made their submissions, however, after it had disappointed them by not granting them reparations, this exacerbated their suffering as they felt that they had been discriminated against in favour of the perpetrators who were granted amnesty irrespective of not having made full disclosures. According to Parsons General Action System all the respondents experienced their trauma as biological entities, and thus suffered symptoms related to psychosomatic illnesses such as, inter alia, headaches, insomnia, and ulcers. These were accompanied by personality characteristics such as anger, aggression, as well as hatred. As the victims could not function in isolation, they also endured ostracisation related to cultural stereotypes and in this way, their suffering was perceived as secondary to that of males. Furthermore, within the social system, the victims who perceived the TRC as biased, believed that it had caused the country embarrassment by bringing up the conflict of the apartheid era. However, others verbalised that the Commission was a good initiative for South Africa so that peace as well as reconciliation could be facilitated for the sake of unity. It is crucial to stress the finding that some of the respondents, although few, who had been granted reparations, were satisfied with the TRC and perceived it as fair and thus could reconcile with their perpetrators. The research report concludes with a number of recommendations for the establishment of support services for the traumatised victims as well as integrative mechanisms, which could encourage co-operation between the citizens of South Africa so that the reconciliation which the TRC facilitated can be sustained. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, amnesty, violence, human rights, reconciliation, apartheid, trauma, grief, bereavement.Thesis (DPhil (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
35
Lee, Wen-Ying, and 李文英. "Exploring Democratic Governance: The Experience of the Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women''s Rights." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43265453063288265919.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
100
The Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women''s Rights established on January 23, 1996, is the first women’s policy mechanism consist of both the government and the NGOs in Taiwan. This commission has been operating for over 15 years and serving under three different mayors. No study has been conducted to systematically review the long-term performance of the Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women''s Rights. Since this gender policy machinery is significantly related to the women''s movement and democratization in Taiwan, this study explores the democratic governance of the commission. By analyzing interviews and data from commission meetings, and through three case studies, this study investigates the limitations and challenges faced by the commission. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women''s Rights has experienced initialization, institutionalization, and routinization. Party change in the city government did not interrupt the institutionalization process. (2) Mayoral attendances to the commission’s general meetings have decreased. (3) The professionalism of this commission is appreciated, because of the gender sensitivity of its civic members. (4) The civic members of the commission are invited by the mayor and the diversity of the members has been considered. (5) Although bureaucratic responsiveness has improved, the potential to be perfunctory remains. Documents and records of the general meetings can usually be found on the Internet; however, officials still retain the power to remove the Website without consulting the commission. (6) The commission is severely criticized for lacking horizontal and vertical accountability. Regarding the commission’s insufficient democratic governance, we make the following recommendations: (1) Because the political wills of the mayor and bureau heads are crucial for implementing gender equality policies, civic members should insist that the mayor and bureau heads attend general meetings. (2) Orientations for new commission members must be conducted to facilitate smooth transition. (3) Gender impact assessment and implementation effectiveness of policies should be traced by the commission to ensure policy responsiveness. (4) A bureaucratic unit fully dedicated to making and supervising the implementation of gender equality policies should be established. (5) Civic members of the commission should collaborate with the Taipei City councilors to accelerate the implementation of the gender equality policies. (6) An annual meeting for all women should be held to increase women’s political participation and representation, and to improve vertical accountability for gender equality policies.
36
Moodie, Nicolette. "Denial of inheritance rights for women under indigenous law : a violation of international human rights norms." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17502.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls are denied their right to inherit from their
husbands and fathers as a result of the operation of the indigenous law rule of male
primogeniture, in terms of which an heir must be male. This violates prohibitions on gender
discrimination, as well as other, more specific provisions found in international human rights
treaties. However, courts in both South Africa and Zimbabwe have in recent years upheld the
rule. States Parties to relevant treaties have an obligation to ensure equal inheritance rights for
women and girls. In the case of South Africa, provisions of the Constitution are also relevant.
After discussing the operation of the indigenous law of inheritance, the international human
rights provisions violated by it, as well as the recommendations of the South African Law
Commission and legislative proposals on this issue, the writer suggests that legislation should be
adopted to ensure equality for women and girls, while retaining the positive aspects of indigenous law and culture.Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law
LL. M. (Law)
37
Yeh, Wen-Sui, and 葉紋穗. "A Study of the Effectiveness for the Women Entrepreneurship Project of National Youth Commission Periodof Executive Yuan in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39103914675808482022.
Full textAbstract:
碩士明道大學
產業創新與經營學系碩士班
102
Women entrepreneurship has been increasing in Taiwan, the National Youth Commission of the Executive Yuan held the first women's entrepreneurship forum in 2000. In order to help the women to start an undertaking, the National Youth Commission offer some informations to women who want to pioneer, such as market environment, business opportunity. In 2001, the government set up “Free & Young Program”. In addition to offer the counseling services for women who want to pioneer and this program also offer this service to the member of women's associations and business and professional women. Accoding to the women’s difference culture and background, this program may help them to promote their business. The previous Free & Young Program members also established assocoations to provide the women more information and assistance about pioneer in every county. This study used qualitative research; we interviewed 7 chairmen of Free & Young association, and collected information through the government agencies or private institutes. Finally we summarized information and make the conclusion and suggestion to the government and future study. The Research Conclusion and Analysis: 1. The establishment and operation of Taiwan’s Free & Young association. 2. The effects of implementation of Taiwan’s Free & Young association.
38
Filion-Donato, Émilie. "Semantics of the gendered body at the IOC’s Medical Commission between 1967 and 1972." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25428.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire porte sur les tests de féminité dans le sport de haut niveau. Plus particulièrement, les tests qui ont été menés par le Comité Olympique International (COI). Cette étude débute avec un survol historique des classifications du corps en sciences biomédicales et en sciences sociales, ainsi que de la place des femmes dans le sport et des tests de féminités. Ensuite, à travers une analyse de contenu des procès-verbaux, correspondances, et études présentées à la Commission Médicale du COI entre 1967 et 1972, cette recherche relève six catégories de discours sur le corps. Les résultats de cette analyse se déploient en deux temps : d’abord les discours à propos du corps et les différences de sexe et ensuite le rapport entre le corps et les membres de la Commission Médicale. Les trois discours relevés par rapport au corps sont : « la nature polymorphe du corps», « le corps comme dimorphique », et « le corps anormal ». Les discours par rapport à la relation entre corps et la commission médicale sont : « le corps comme objet scientifique », « le corps comme catégorie abstraite », et « le corps comme objet de préoccupation éthique ».This thesis focuses on gender testing in high-level sport. More specifically, those conducted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). I begin with a historical contextualization of the various classifications of the body biomedical and social sciences have put forward. Then, through a content analysis of the minutes, correspondences, and studies read by the Medical Commission between 1967 and 1972, I highlight six categories of discourse on the body. These are divided into two types of categories: first the ways in which the body and sex differences are talked about; then, the relationship between the body and the members of the Medical Commission. The three types of discourses relating to the body are: “the polymorphic nature of the body", "the body as dimorphic", and "the abnormal body". Discourses on the relationship between the abnormal body are: "the body as scientific object", “the body as abstract category”, and "the body as an object of ethical concern".
39
Twinomurinzi, Anita. "Challenges women face in trying to access the African human rights protection system." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37385.
Full textAbstract:
The realization, promotion and protection of human rights are processes that have received both negative and positive reactions globally. The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly paved the way for the creation of similar instruments nationally, sub-regionally and regionally. These instruments are specific to issues of human rights in the particular states, sub-regions and regions in which they are adopted. Africa, Europe and America have established regional systems and adopted instruments as well as mechanisms to cater for the needs of their specific regions.
Unlike general human rights, women‟s rights were not a priority and so their development began as recently as the 1980s.
In Africa, the progress of the rights of women was majorly influenced by the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against women, an international instrument adopted in 1979/81. Followed by its Protocol, this instrument specifically addressed the rights of women globally. Consequently, instruments such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Protocol on the Rights of Women, the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa and other mechanisms which include Commissions and Courts were established to address the rights of women in Africa.
This study highlights the composition or make up of the African human rights system and its access to women. The central problem in this study is the question “Why women have not been able to access the system despite the prevalent cases of violation of their rights”. This question is emphasized by the fact that so far, no women have take any cases alleging violation of their rights to the African Commission of Human and Peoples‟ Rights.
The study also critically analyses the obstacles and challenges that hinder women from accessing the system and discusses how these factors eventually limit the prevalence of women‟s rights. The study concludes by suggesting possible remedies and reforms both legal and beyond that can be enforced to boost the African human rights system to ensure that women freely enjoy and exercise the rights to which they are entitled.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Public Law
unrestricted
40
Cornish, Cynthia Dale. "Unfree wage labour, women and the State: employment visas and foreign domestic workers in Canada." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12800.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines federal government programs to admit women to Canada as foreign domestic workers, their exclusion from labour standards legislation, the conditions of work and wage-rates which result from this exclusion, and attempts to organize foreign domestic workers. (The thesis maintains that foreign domestic workers represent a modern form of unfree wage labour since they are required to remain in domestic work as a condition of entry to Canada. In this sense, foreign domestic labour is unfree because of the legal restrictions on the right of workers to change employer, occupation and/or industry.
The study also examines the intersection of gender, class and ethnicity in the foreign domestic labour process. The need for domestic workers is increasingly being met by women from the less economically developed areas of the world and the recruitment of these women on temporary employment visas places much of the burden of day care and domestic labour in Canada on disadvantaged women and nations. It is argued that the employment of foreign domestic workers in the homes of privileged families gives rise to differential experiences of oppression by women of different classes and ethnic origins.
Data for the study are taken from the following sources: employment records to admit foreign domestic workers between January, 1980 and December 31, 1987 supplied by the Research Division of Planning and Research Directorate of the Employment and Immigration Commission, interviews with foreign domestic workers, labour lawyers, community activists, employment agencies, immigration officials and previous studies of foreign domestic workers in Canada and in other advanced industrial nations.Graduate
41
Matsepe, Martha Mapakeng. "An exploration of the representation of women in the South African Police Service operations in Tshwane." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27120.
Full textAbstract:
It has been claimed that since the dawn of democracy, there have been remarkable strides which were made to deal with the inequalities and disparities of the previous years. Former South African Police was reformed into a formidable South African Police Service that recognises the importance of women in the police. However, the SAPS is still one of the male-dominated organisations in this country. The inclusion and the retaining of women within operational policing and in management as well as leadership positions is still not yet successful. This research aimed to explore the causes for underrepresentation of policewomen in operational policing in Tshwane. The aim of this study was attained by gathering information through literature review, interviews and document analysis. In this qualitative study, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with twenty policewomen from four different identified police stations in Tshwane. Each identified police station was represented by five participants who directly perform operational policing. The findings of this study show that the organisation is still very unbalanced with the scale favouring males in operational policing. It is therefore recommended that SAPS should empower women in operational policing with the appropriate knowledge, skills and competencies through providing opportunities for career development and growth to successfully realise the SAPS’ dream of including and retaining women in operational policing, as well as in management and leadership positions and providing all women in the SAPS with the necessary support. The development and review of a regulatory framework and strategies that promote gender equality are also paramount.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)
42
Whyte, Angela C. "Placing blame or finding peace: a qualitative analysis of the legal response to rape as a war crime in the former Yugoslavia." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/94.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a qualitative analysis of the international legal response to rape as war crime in the former Yugoslavia. Through the examination of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the case law it has generated, this thesis addresses the question will the androcentric characteristics of law found in domestic rape cases be replicated at the international level? More specifically this thesis undertakes an examination which questions will international law be able to adequately amplify and listen to women voices, or will the women’s words be silenced by the rule of law? The following research is loosely informed by Carol Smart’s (1989) sociology of law theory combined with Liz Kelly’s (1988) notions of coping, resisting, and surviving. The purpose of using Kelly’s theory is to go beyond viewing women as inevitable victims of sexual assault. The methodological approach is both qualitative and inductive. It draws on data from the ICTY structure, Statute, Rules of Procedures and Evidence, case law and transcripts and women’s stories presented outside the legal realm.
The analysis reveals that while written law (including the interpretation and application of the law) is somewhat aware of the experiences of women, it falls short of adequately responding to the needs of women. A detailed look at the women’s stories of war revealed diverse experiences not captured in the legal realm. The women’s stories spoke of concerns beyond sexual assault and other crimes identified by the ICTY Statute. This thesis also introduces alternatives or complimentary approaches to law when dealing with war crimes. These alternatives include women’s local groups and truth commissions. This thesis also identifies the criminological relevance of studying war crimes (as defined by international law) and crimes of war and marks an important step in understanding rape and war from a criminological perspective.February 2005
43
Coetzee, K. (Karina). "Horizontal equity in the taxation of the income of individuals in the Republic of South Africa subsequent to the submission of the Margo report." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17905.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to determine whether horizontal
equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa improved
after the legislative changes from 1984 to 1995 and the Katz
Commission recommendations.
After an extensive literature study, horizontal equity in the
taxation of individuals in South Africa was defined as the
equivalent tax treatment in equivalent economic circumstances for
the same economic units. The household as the economic unit, is
the unit to be considered when evaluating horizontal equity.
The study also reviewed the solutions found in other countries for
the dilemma of the one-breadwinner versus the two-breadwinner
married couple. It was found that the tax systems of most
countries provide relief to the one-breadwinner couple while the
working wife was taxed separately from her husband or had the
option to be taxed separately.
An important part of this study compared the tax of the unmarried
taxpayer and the married couple as the units for horizontal equity.
It was found that, although two-breadwinner married couples were
discriminated against until the separate taxation of married
couples was introduced, the one-breadwinner couple and single
taxpayers with dependants now suffer more horizontal inequity than
was previously the case.
The research indicated that to attain greater horizontal equity
provision should also be made for families and households with only
one breadwinner (breadwinner being defined as the provider in a
one-breadwinner couple or a ·taxpayer with dependents).
Recommendations made to alleviate this inequity are transferable
allowances for spouses, or, without ~ontravening the Constitution's
demands for equality, a separate rate schedule for breadwinners, a
fixed allowance or rebate for breadwinners, or a proportional
allo~ance depending on the breadwinner's income.
The study also addressed the financial and administrative
implications and political acceptability of these recommendations
and concluded that the proportional allowance, although expensive,
would come the closest to providing the greatest horizontal equity.
The research into the international tax measures to promote equity
revealed that horizontal equity could be further promoted by
providing tax relief for child-care and day-care facilities. This
would benefit both the two-breadwinner married couple and the
single parent with dependent children.Financail accounting
D.Com. (Applied Accountancy)
44
Johnston, Emma Rebecca. "Construction of truth and forgiveness : healing and hurting in the TRC-experience." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6870.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The present study explores experiences of loss, disconnection, truth, hurting, healing, non-forgiveness and forgiveness associated with the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Using a social constructionist perspective, the concepts of truth and forgiveness are explored through a theoretical background to psychology and subsequently in the stories and reflections of individuals who participated in the Commission. The issue of truth has been central to debates across the broader intellectual landscape, as well as to the theory and practice of psychology. In the following study, the historical shift from more modernist conceptions of truth to postmodern views is explored through a brief overview of the philosophy of science. These perspectives are explored further in the epistemological shifts underlying therapeutic endeavours and methodology in the field of psychology. Approaches to therapy in South Africa are subsequently reviewed, focusing particularly on positions of truth adopted by the profession in this context. The themes of truth, reconciliation, healing and hurting in the discourse surrounding the Commission are subsequently explored further. This discussion includes some of the literature regarding experiences of people who have been involved with the Commission. Following this, the narratives from interviews held with a group of mothers who attended the Truth Commission and one of the journalists working with the Commission are included. These narratives are related to participants' experiences in having attended/been involved with the Truth Commission and their experiences around truth and forgiveness. A qualitative, reflexive approach to the interviews and analysis thereof, is used. In conclusion, reflections on the process are included. These reflections present a dialectic between the importance of the ongoing nature of the journey in this multi-dimensional context, as well as the author's perspective on the need for the notion of absolute truth in this journeying.
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Leite, Ana Marta Xavier Ferreira. "A violência contra as mulheres e a determinação do estatuto de refugiada." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/35362.
Full textAbstract:
Violence against women and the determination of the refugee’s status is the title of the study developed for the Master Course in Law and Security, taught and attended at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
As is understandable from the title, the study focuses on the interaction between the concepts of violence against women, i.e. gender violence, and the determination of the refugee’s status.
The present dissertation aims to show that half of the world's refugee population today is composed of women and girls, and among refugees, women represent the most vulnerable group.
During our work, we have been able to find stories and reports of crimes committed against women in their daily lives, in their homes, by their own family and by society. Some are able to flee and claim the right to asylum outside their country of origin, waiting for the granting of the refugee status.
We will address situations of women who are forced to escape from their countries of origin because they are being victims of persecution, of sexual and gender violence, among other acts that violate and deprive them of their fundamental rights.
A social and legal analysis of the legal framework given to these issues is therefore carried out and, for practical reasons, we will only focus on certain legal systems.
It is our understanding that, for reasons which we shall explain below, the examples given are the most relevant, either because they are referring to States that do not yet fully recognize that every human being has the right to a free existence - including the right to be free from persecution and violence - or, on the contrary, by the way in which certain States has contributed - with regard to the foundations and assumptions of the granting of the refugee’s status to women who are subjected to gender violence- with significant changes in the interpretation of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.A violência contra as mulheres e a determinação do estatuto de refugiada incide na interação entre os conceitos da violência praticada contra as mulheres, ou seja, a denominada violência de género, e a determinação do estatuto de refugiada. A presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que atualmente, metade da população mundial de refugiados é constituída por mulheres e raparigas, sendo que entre os refugiados, as mulheres representam o grupo de maior vulnerabilidade. Durante o nosso trabalho, conseguimos encontrar histórias e relatos de crimes cometidos contras as mulheres no seu dia-a-dia, dentro de suas casas, pela própria família e pela sociedade. Algumas conseguem fugir e requerer o direito ao asilo fora do país de origem, aguardando que lhes seja concedido o estatuto de refugiada. Iremos abordar situações de mulheres que são obrigadas a escapar dos seus países de origem por serem vítimas de perseguições, de violência sexual e de género, entre outros atos que violam e que as privam dos seus direitos fundamentais. É, por conseguinte, efetuada uma análise social e jurídica do enquadramento legal dado a estas questões, sendo que, por razões de ordem prática, nos iremos apenas focar em determinados ordenamentos jurídicos. É nosso o entendimento que, por razões que explicaremos mais adiante, serem os exemplos vertidos os mais pertinentes, quer por se tratarem de Estados que ainda não reconhecem plenamente que todo e qualquer ser humano é titular do direito a uma existência livre - incluindo o direito a ser-se livre de perseguição e de violência - quer, a contrario, pelo modo como certos Estados têm vindo a contribuir – no que respeita aos fundamentos e aos pressupostos da atribuição do estatuto de refugiada a mulheres que são alvo de perseguição de género- com mudanças significativas na interpretação da Convenção das Nações Unidas relativa ao Estatuto dos Refugiados.
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Sedláčková, Petra. "Ochrana práv původních obyvatelek v meziamerickém regionálním systému ochrany lidských práv." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403883.
Full textAbstract:
The protection of Indigenous women in the context of Inter-American Human Rights System Abstract The aim of the thesis is to identify the means of protection of Indigenous women's rights. The author rises the subsequent questions: (i) which documents of this regional system offers protection to Indigenous women and based on what reason; (ii) what bodies operate in the Inter-American framework and Indigenous women can turn on them; (iii) what violations of rights have been addressed in the jurisprudency of the Inter-American Court of Human rights and what meaning does it have regarding to protection of Indigenous women? The first part contains the crucial documents in the topic of protection of indigenous women's rights. The author refers to the role and relation of both basic regional catalogues of human rights, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Men and American Convention on Human Rights. She also refers to a quite recent document, American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples that offers expressis verbis some protection to Indigenous women. Apart from that, other documents providing special protection to certain groups are analysed: Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women, Inter-American Convention on Forced Dissappearence...