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Journal articles on the topic 'Women's ice hockey in Kladno'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Hart, Lawrence E., and Louise Walker. "Women's Recreational Ice Hockey Injuries." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200101000-00015.

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2

Howell, Linda. "Analysis and Design of Women's Protective Ice Hockey Equipment." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 6 (September 1986): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000604.

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Because of the violent nature of ice hockey the sport has traditionally been dominated by men. As a result, all of the existing equipment has been designed for men. Currently, a growing interest by women to play the sport is leading to the formation of women's ice hockey leagues across the country. A design deficiency exists which may make this a very risky sport for women to play. The lack of a particular system of protection for women directed the research toward the design of hockey equipment for women. The solution that was designed was a result of the conclusions drawn during research to attempt to provide ample defense for an emerging, new market of women ice hockey players.

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3

Parakh, Alison A., and Fred R. Domowitz. "Strength Training for Men's and Women's Ice Hockey." Strength and Conditioning Journal 22, no. 6 (2000): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2000)022<0042:stfmsa>2.0.co;2.

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4

Simmons, Molly MacMhathan, David I. Swedler, and Zachary Y. Kerr. "Injury Surveillance of Head, Neck, and Facial Injuries in Collegiate Ice Hockey Players, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014 Academic Years." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.4.03.

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Context: Ice hockey is a high-speed, full-contact sport with a high risk of head/face/neck (HFN) injuries. However, men's and women's ice hockey differ; checking is allowed only among men. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of HFN injuries in collegiate men's and women's ice hockey during the 2009−2010 through 2013−2014 academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Ice hockey data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009−2010 through 2013−2014 academic years. Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-seven men's and 26 women's collegiate ice hockey programs from all NCAA divisions provided 106 and 51 team-seasons of data, respectively. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program reported 496 and 131 HFN injuries in men's and women's ice hockey, respectively. The HFN injury rate was higher in men than in women (1.75 versus 1.16/1000 athlete-exposures; incidence rate ratio = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.25, 1.84). The proportion of HFN injuries from checking was higher in men than in women for competitions (38.5% versus 13.6%; injury proportion ratio = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.64, 4.85) and practices (21.9% versus 2.3%; injury proportion ratio = 9.41; 95% CI = 1.31, 67.69). The most common HFN injury diagnosis was concussion; most concussions occurred in men's competitions from player contact while checking (25.9%). Player contact during general play comprised the largest proportion of concussions in men's practices (25.9%), women's competitions (25.0%), and women's practices (24.0%). While 166 lacerations were reported in men, none were reported in women. In men, most lacerations occurred from player contact during checking in competitions (41.8%) and player contact during general play in practices (15.0%). Conclusions: A larger proportion of HFN injuries in ice hockey occurred during checking in men versus women. Concussion was the most common HFN injury and was most often due to player contact. Lacerations were reported only among men and were mostly due to checking. Injury-prevention programs should aim to reduce checking-related injuries.

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5

Wilcox, Bethany J., Jason T. Machan, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Richard M. Greenwald, Emily Burmeister, and Joseph J. Crisco. "Head-Impact Mechanisms in Men's and Women's Collegiate Ice Hockey." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.19.

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Context: Concussion injury rates in men's and women's ice hockey are reported to be among the highest of all collegiate sports. Quantification of the frequency of head impacts and the magnitude of head acceleration as a function of the different impact mechanisms (eg, head contact with the ice) that occur in ice hockey could provide a better understanding of this high injury rate. Objective: To quantify and compare the per-game frequency and magnitude of head impacts associated with various impact mechanisms in men's and women's collegiate ice hockey players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Collegiate ice hockey rink. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-three men and 31 women from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I ice hockey teams. Main Outcome Measure(s): We analyzed magnitude and frequency (per game) of head impacts per player among impact mechanisms and between sexes using generalized mixed linear models and generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures within players. Intervention(s): Participants wore helmets instrumented with accelerometers to allow us to collect biomechanical measures of head impacts sustained during play. Video footage from 53 games was synchronized with the biomechanical data. Head impacts were classified into 8 categories: contact with another player; the ice, boards or glass, stick, puck, or goal; indirect contact; and contact from celebrating. Results: For men and women, contact with another player was the most frequent impact mechanism, and contact with the ice generated the greatest-magnitude head accelerations. The men had higher per-game frequencies of head impacts from contact with another player and contact with the boards than did the women (P < .001), and these impacts were greater in peak rotational acceleration (P = .027). Conclusions: Identifying the impact mechanisms in collegiate ice hockey that result in frequent and high-magnitude head impacts will provide us with data that may improve our understanding of the high rate of concussion in the sport and inform injury-prevention strategies.

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6

Eaton, John. "Gender Equity in Canadian Ice Hockey: the Legal Struggle." Legal Information Management 12, no. 2 (June 2012): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669612000333.

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AbstractIn this article, John Eaton details Canadians' passion for ice hockey and chronicles the legal struggles of Canadian women to partake in the sport on an equal basis to men. Readers interested in the law of ice hockey are referred to the authoritative work on the subject, John Barnes's The Law of Hockey (Markham: LexisNexis Canada Inc., 2010) and those who wish to read more of the story of women's ice hockey in Canada should consult Etue, Elizabeth & Williams, Megan K., On the Edge: Women Making Hockey History (Toronto: Second Story Press, 1996).

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7

Rutter, Michael A. "Ranking Women's College Hockey Teams: Ties and Home Ice." CHANCE 24, no. 3 (June 2011): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2011.10739870.

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8

BRACKO, MICHAEL R., and JAMES D. GEORGE. "Prediction of Ice Skating Performance With Off-Ice Testing in Women's Ice Hockey Players." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 15, no. 1 (2001): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015<0116:poispw>2.0.co;2.

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9

Lynall, Robert C., Jason P. Mihalik, Lauren A. Pierpoint, Dustin W. Currie, Sarah B. Knowles, Erin B. Wasserman, Thomas P. Dompier, R. Dawn Comstock, Stephen W. Marshall, and Zachary Y. Kerr. "The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Ice Hockey (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Ice Hockey (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-176-17.

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Context Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided efforts to collect data on ice hockey injuries. Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boy's ice hockey in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's and women's ice hockey in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based surveillance. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury surveillance of ice hockey teams of high school boys (annual average = 34), collegiate men (annual average = 20), and collegiate women (annual average = 11). Patients or Other Participants Boys', men's, and women's ice hockey players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 high school academic years or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 collegiate academic years. Main Outcome Measure(s) Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis. Results The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 831 boys' ice hockey time-loss injuries during 356 997 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 2611 men's ice hockey time-loss injuries during 552 642 AEs and 752 women's ice hockey injuries during 232 051 AEs. Injury rates were higher in collegiate men than in high school boys during 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 (4.38 versus 2.33/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.73, 2.05) and collegiate women during 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.58). Most injuries occurred during competitions (boys = 80.0%, men = 66.9%, women = 55.3%); injury rates were higher in competitions than in practices for boys (IRR = 8.14; 95% CI = 6.87, 9.65), men (IRR = 6.58; 95% CI = 6.06, 7.13), and women (IRR = 3.63; 95% CI = 3.14, 4.19). At all levels, most injuries occurred to the head/face and shoulder/clavicle and resulted in concussions, contusions, or ligament sprains. Conclusions Injury rates varied across sports but were consistently higher in competitions than in practices. In competitions, concussions were common injuries, highlighting the need for continued development of injury-prevention strategies.

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BRACKO, MICHAEL R. "On-Ice Performance Characteristics of Elite and Non-elite Women's Ice Hockey Players." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 15, no. 1 (2001): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015<0042:oipcoe>2.0.co;2.

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11

Blome, Jamie, Jennifer J. Waldron, and Mick G. Mack. "Relationship of Personalized Jerseys and Aggression in Women's ICE Hockey." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 2 (October 2005): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.2.499-504.

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The present study examined the relationship between aggression and players' names on uniforms in collegiate women's ice hockey. Aggression was defined as mean penalty minutes per game. Information, i.e., win/loss record, penalties, and names on uniforms, about the 2002–2003 season women's ice hockey team was obtained via e-mail from 53 of 72 (74% return rate) sports information directors (Division I = 23, Division II = 2, Division III = 28). Analysis indicated that teams with personalized jerseys had significantly more penalty minutes per game than teams without personalized jerseys. However, as the majority of the teams with personalized jerseys were Division I teams and the majority of the teams without personalized jerseys were Division III teams, it is unclear whether results were due to personalized jersey or competition level of play.

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12

Forman, Pamela J., and Nancy Theberge. "Higher Goals: Women's Ice Hockey and the Politics of Gender." Contemporary Sociology 30, no. 5 (September 2001): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089346.

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BLOME, JAMIE. "RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONALIZED JERSEYS AND AGGRESSION IN WOMEN'S ICE HOCKEY." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 6 (2005): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.6.499-504.

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14

Geithner, Christina A., and Michael R. Bracko. "The Relative Age Effect in Canadian University Women's Ice Hockey." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000386034.58045.ba.

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15

Sparks, Robert, and Melissa Westgate. "Broad-based and Targeted Sponsorship Strategies in Canadian Women's Ice Hockey." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 4, no. 1 (March 2002): 48–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-04-01-2002-b006.

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16

Myers, Nicholas D., Craig A. Payment, and Deborah L. Feltz. "Reciprocal Relationships Between Collective Efficacy and Team Performance in Women's Ice Hockey." Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 8, no. 3 (2004): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.8.3.182.

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17

Cohen, Jodi H., and Tamar Z. Semerjian. "The Collision of Trans-Experience and the Politics of Women's Ice Hockey." International Journal of Transgenderism 10, no. 3-4 (December 2008): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532730802297322.

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18

Fernandez, Dione H., Christina A. Geithner, Courtney L. K. Haia, and Michael R. Bracko. "Prediction of Skating Performance Using Anthropometry and Off-Ice Fitness Tests in Elite Women's Ice Hockey." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000322180.00541.2a.

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19

Spiering, Barry A., Meredith H. Wilson, Daniel A. Judelson, and Kenneth W. Rundell. "Evaluation of Cardiovascular Demands of Game Play and Practice in Women's Ice Hockey." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, no. 2 (2003): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0329:eocdog>2.0.co;2.

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20

Vasichek, Julianne M., John R. Keener, Kenneth J. Harkins, and Duane Millslagle. "Comparing Practice And Game Heart Rate Response In Women's College Ice Hockey Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355010.53908.da.

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21

Weaving, Charlene, and Samuel Roberts. "Checking In: An Analysis of the (Lack of) Body Checking in Women's Ice Hockey." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5641/027013612802573120.

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22

Geithner, Christina A., Amanda M. Lee, and Michael R. Bracko. "Physical and Performance Differences Among Forwards, Defensemen, and Goalies in Elite Women's Ice Hockey." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 3 (2006): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/17375.1.

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23

Haia, Courtney L. K., Michael R. Bracko, Dione H. Fernandez, and Christina A. Geithner. "Relationships Between Blood Lactate and Measures of Anaerobic Capacity in Elite Women's Ice Hockey." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000322625.78087.a9.

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24

Vonnard, Philippe, and Kevin Tallec Marston. "Playing Across the ‘Halfway Line’ on the Fields of International Relations: The Journey from Globalising Sport to Sport Diplomacy." Contemporary European History 29, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000407.

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On the still divided Joseon peninsula, a united Korean women's ice hockey team competed at the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics. Only a few months later, the French, Croatian and Russian heads of state quite literally invited themselves on to the winners’ podium at the 2018 FIFA men's World Cup in Moscow. Such conspicuous examples are emblematic of the role of modern sport in the realm of international relations.

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Bracko, Michael R., Courtney Haia, Dione Fernandez, and Christina A. Geithner. "Relationships Between Blood Lactate Clearance and Measures of Aerobic Capacity in Elite Women's Ice Hockey." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000322179.92917.71.

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26

Chandran, Avinash, Aliza K. Nedimyer, Adrian J. Boltz, Hannah J. Robison, Christy L. Collins, and Sarah N. Morris. "Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Ice Hockey: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-546-20.

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Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's ice hockey championships since 2001, and sponsorship has grown over time. Background Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 5.89 per 1000 athlete-exposures; preseason injury incidence rose sharply during 2016–2017 through 2018–2019. Head/face injuries (15.2%), knee injuries (13.2%), and shoulder injuries (12.9%) were the most commonly injured body parts, and injuries were most often classified as contusions (18.9%), strains (18.7%), and sprains (15.5%). Concussion (11.9%) was the most commonly reported specific injury, and concussion rates notably increased during 2017–2018 through 2018–2019. Summary Study findings were generally consistent with the existing epidemiological evidence. Injury incidence in preseason and the etiology of strains warrant further attention in this population.

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Poniatowski, Kelly, and Marie Hardin. "“The More Things Change, the More They …”: Commentary During Women's Ice Hockey at the 2010 Olympic Games." Mass Communication and Society 15, no. 4 (July 2012): 622–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2012.677094.

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Auster, Carol J. "The Effect of Cohort on Women's Sport Participation: An Intergenerational Study of Collegiate Women Ice Hockey Players." Journal of Leisure Research 40, no. 2 (June 2008): 312–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2008.11950143.

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Gábor, Géczi, Vincze Géza, Koltai Miklós, and Bognár József. "Elite Young Team Players' Coping, Motivation and Perceived Climate Measures." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 46, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0020-2.

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Elite Young Team Players' Coping, Motivation and Perceived Climate MeasuresThe purpose of this study was to compare and contrast coping skills, motivational profiles and perceived climate in elite young ice hockey, soccer, water polo and volleyball players. It was also our aim to examine how male and female athletes differ in the above mentioned psychometric measures. Men's soccer (n=23) and ice hockey (n=20), and also women's volleyball (n=15) and water polo (13) players ranged in age from 16 to 18 years (M age=17.17, SD=.85). Each team was a finalist in last year's national championship for their age group. The instruments used in this study included the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). Cooperative learning does not tend to be high, as one would expect in elite team players. Ice hockey and soccer players usually had higher psychometric measures than water polo and volleyball players. Also, male athletes demonstrate better ACSI-28, PMCSQ-2, and SMS measures than their female counterparts in many of the variables. Amotivation seems to be the most important decisive factor both among team sports and male and female participants. Also, our results prove that there are major differences between young elite male and female team players, so coaches' work in most aspects of their work should be gender-specific. Coaches of youth teams have to understand the motivational factors and coping strategies their athletes demonstrate in order to optimally organize and plan the teaching-learning process in their exercises, especially focus on cooperative task-solving exercises.

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Kerr, Zachary Y., Robert C. Lynall, Karen G. Roos, Sara L. Dalton, Aristarque Djoko, and Thomas P. Dompier. "Descriptive Epidemiology of Non–Time-Loss Injuries in Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.15.

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Context: Research on non–time-loss (NTL) injuries, which result in less than 24 hours of restriction from participation, is limited.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of NTL injuries among collegiate and high school student-athletes.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from a convenience sample of National College Athletic Association varsity teams and 147 high schools in 26 states.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate and high school student-athletes participating in men's and boys' baseball, basketball, football, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's and girls' basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 and the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years, respectively, participated. Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's ice hockey were also included.Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program and the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network were analyzed. Injury counts, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and rate ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 11 899 and 30 122 NTL injuries were reported in collegiate and high school student-athletes, respectively. The proportion of NTL injuries in high school student-athletes (80.3%) was 1.61 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (49.9%; 95% CI = 1.59, 1.63). The NTL injury rate in high school student-athletes (8.75/1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) was 2.18 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (4.02/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 2.13, 2.22). Men's ice hockey (5.27/1000 AEs) and boys' football (11.94/1000 AEs) had the highest NTL injury rates among collegiate and high school athletes, respectively. Commonly injured body parts in collegiate and high school student-athletes were the hip/thigh/upper leg (17.5%) and hand/wrist (18.2%), respectively. At both levels, contusions, sprains, and strains were the most frequent diagnoses. Contact with another player was the most cited injury mechanism (college = 38.0%, high school = 46.3%).Conclusions: Non–time-loss injuries compose large proportions of collegiate and high school sports injuries. However, the NTL injury rate was higher in high school than in collegiate student-athletes. Tracking NTL injuries will help to better describe the breadth of injuries sustained by athletes and managed by athletic trainers.

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Tuominen, Markku, Michael J. Stuart, Mark Aubry, Pekka Kannus, Kari Tokola, and Jari Parkkari. "Injuries in women's international ice hockey: an 8-year study of the World Championship tournaments and Olympic Winter Games." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 22 (July 7, 2015): 1406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094647.

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Simpson, Andrew M., Daniel P. Donato, Jacob Veith, David Magno-Padron, and Jayant P. Agarwal. "Hand and Wrist Injuries Among Collegiate Athletes: The Role of Sex and Competition on Injury Rates and Severity." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232596712096462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120964622.

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Background: There is a high incidence of hand and wrist injuries in athletes participating in collegiate sports, but there is little information published characterizing them. Purpose: To characterize hand and wrist injuries in collegiate athletes using a large national database. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analysis was designed using data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program database to identify hand and wrist injuries (exclusive of any radial or ulnar fractures) in male and female collegiate athletes participating in NCAA Division I, II, and III sports from 2004 to 2015. Descriptive analyses were performed on stratified data to examine the associations between these injuries and sport, event type, and sex. Results: Men’s ice hockey (8.25 per 10,000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) and women's ice hockey (8.21 per 10,000 AEs) had the highest rate of hand and wrist injuries in all exposures. In every sport except women’s gymnastics ( P = .107), injuries were more commonly sustained during competition rather than during practice. Ligamentous injury to the phalynx was the most commonly sustained injury overall (1.416 per 10,000 AEs), and a metacarpal fracture was the most commonly sustained hand or wrist fracture (0.507 per 10,000 AEs). Injuries sustained during men’s wrestling (14.08 days) and women’s gymnastics (10.39 days) incurred the most time lost from sport. Surgery for hand and wrist injuries was most commonly required for men’s football (0.413 per 10,000 AEs) and women’s field hockey (0.404 per 10,000 AEs). Conclusion: Hand and wrist injuries were common among collegiate athletes. Male athletes experienced injuries with more frequency and severity. Injuries occurred more commonly during competition. While the majority of injuries were minor and did not require surgery, certain sports conferred a much higher risk of significant injuries requiring a surgical intervention.

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Covassin, Tracey, Ryan Moran, and R. J. Elbin. "Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.05.

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Epidemiologic studies have identified differences in concussion incidence between the sexes. However, few authors to date have updated injury rates (IRs) and time loss between male and female concussed athletes.Context: To examine sex differences in IRs and time loss in concussed National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.Objective: Descriptive epidemiologic study.Design: National Collegiate Athletic Association athletics.Setting: A total of 1702 concusssed NCAA athletes, consisting of 903 females and 779 males participating in soccer, basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, softball, or baseball over a 5-year period from 2004–2005 through 2008–2009.Patients or Other Participants: Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, athletic trainers reported concussions, athlete-exposures (AEs), and time loss across 10 NCAA sports. An IR is the number of injuries in a particular category divided by the number of AEs in that category.Main Outcome Measure(s): During the study period, 1702 concussions were reported during 4 170 427 AEs for an overall total of 5.47 per 10 000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, females had a 1.4 times higher overall concussion IR than males (IRs = 4.84 and 3.46, respectively), with greater rates in women's baseball/softball, basketball, ice hockey, and soccer than men. Female soccer and basketball players also displayed more time loss after concussion compared with male basketball and soccer players.Results: Female athletes sustained a higher rate of concussion and, in all sports except lacrosse, had greater time loss from concussion than male athletes. Additional research is needed on sex differences in time loss after concussions.Conclusions:

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Putukian, Margot, Bernadette A. D’Alonzo, Carolyn S. Campbell-McGovern, and Douglas J. Wiebe. "The Ivy League–Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study: A Report on Methods and First Findings." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 5 (April 2019): 1236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519830100.

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Background: Little is known about the nature of concussion injury among university student-athletes, including concussion incidence and rates across sports, the mechanisms of injury, the type of activity during competition or practice, and the time to return to academics, return to sport, and symptom resolution. Purpose: To describe methods of the Ivy League–Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study and first epidemiologic findings. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with data accrued through a surveillance system that was launched in the 2013-2014 athletic season. Surveillance continues to operate by detecting and collecting sport-related concussion (SRC) cases and non-SRC cases in addition to outcomes among university student-athletes. Results: A total of 1922 cases of SRC (649 women, 1004 men) among athletes from 27 sports, including varsity sports and club rugby, were enrolled during the 5 athletic seasons from 2013-2014 through 2017-2018. American football had the most cases (n = 495, 25.8%), followed by women’s rugby (n = 199, 6.2%), men’s ice hockey (n = 106, 5.5%), men's lacrosse (n = 105, 5.5%), women's soccer (n = 103, 5.4%), wrestling (n = 93, 4.8%), and men's soccer (n = 89, 4.6%), and women's ice hockey (n = 78, 4.1%). The highest overall concussion rates occurred in women’s lacrosse (1.35 concussions per 1000 athletic exposures [AEs]) and football (1.26 per 1000 AEs). Rates of concussion were generally higher during competition than practice and were highest during wrestling competition (4.06 per 1000 AEs) and second highest during football competition (3.68 per 1000 AEs). The median number of concussion symptoms was 7. Time to symptom resolution was longer for athletes with ≥7 symptoms versus <7 ( P < .001) but did not differ across the 4 sports with rules comparable by sex and did not differ significantly between women and men (median, 8 vs 9 days, respectively). Women and men did not differ in days to return to academics, exertion activities, or competition. Conclusion: This multisite collaborative endeavor has produced a robust database yielding novel opportunities to better understand the epidemiology of concussion among university student-athletes participating in a variety of sports. Given the setting and number of cases, these findings add to our understanding of SRC and are the first of many that will be generated over the coming years from this large study that continues in its sixth year.

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Kerr, Zachary Y., Karen G. Roos, Aristarque Djoko, Sara L. Dalton, Steven P. Broglio, Stephen W. Marshall, and Thomas P. Dompier. "Epidemiologic Measures for Quantifying the Incidence of Concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.6.05.

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Context: Injury rates compare the relative frequency of sport-related concussions across groups. However, they may not be intuitive to policy makers, parents, or coaches in understanding the likelihood of concussion. Objective: To describe 4 measures of incidence (athlete-based rate, athlete-based risk, team-based rate, and team-based risk) during the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program in 13 sports (men's baseball, basketball, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball). Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate student-athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sport-related concussion data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years were analyzed. We calculated concussion rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), concussion risk, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion. Results: During the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 academic years, 1485 concussions were sustained by 1410 student-athletes across 13 sports. Concussion rates ranged from 0.09/1000 AEs in men's baseball to 0.89/1000 AEs in men's wrestling. Concussion risk ranged from 0.74% in men's baseball to 7.92% in men's wrestling. The average ± SD number of concussions per team ranged from 0.25 ± 0.43 in men's baseball to 5.63 ± 5.36 in men's football. The percentage of teams with a concussion ranged from 24.5% in men's baseball to 80.6% in men's football. Conclusions Although men's wrestling had a higher concussion rate and risk, men's football had the largest average number of concussions per team and the largest percentage of teams with at least 1 concussion. The risk of concussion, average number of concussions per team, and percentage of teams with concussions may be more intuitive measures of incidence for decision makers. Calculating these additional measures is feasible within existing injury surveillance programs, and this method can be applied to other injury types.

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Rizzone, Katherine H., Kathryn E. Ackerman, Karen G. Roos, Thomas P. Dompier, and Zachary Y. Kerr. "The Epidemiology of Stress Fractures in Collegiate Student-Athletes, 2004–2005 Through 2013–2014 Academic Years." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.8.01.

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Context: Stress fractures are injuries caused by cumulative, repetitive stress that leads to abnormal bone remodeling. Specific populations, including female athletes and endurance athletes, are at higher risk than the general athletic population. Whereas more than 460 000 individuals participate in collegiate athletics in the United States, no large study has been conducted to determine the incidence of stress fractures in collegiate athletes. Objective: To assess the incidence of stress fractures in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes and investigate rates and patterns overall and by sport. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association institutions. Patients or Other Participants: National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for the academic years 2004–2005 through 2013–2014. We calculated rates and rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 671 stress fractures were reported over 11 778 145 athlete-exposures (AEs) for an overall injury rate of 5.70 per 100 000 AEs. The sports with the highest rates of stress fractures were women's cross-country (28.59/100 000 AEs), women's gymnastics (25.58/100 000 AEs), and women's outdoor track (22.26/100 000 AEs). Among sex-comparable sports (baseball/softball, basketball, cross-country, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, indoor track, and outdoor track), stress fracture rates were higher in women (9.13/100 000 AEs) than in men (4.44/100 000 AEs; RR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.71, 2.47). Overall, stress fracture rates for these NCAA athletes were higher in the preseason (7.30/100 000 AEs) than in the regular season (5.12/100 000 AEs; RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.22, 1.67). The metatarsals (n = 254, 37.9%), tibia (n = 147, 21.9%), and lower back/lumbar spine/pelvis (n = 81, 12.1%) were the most common locations of injury. Overall, 21.5% (n = 144) of stress fractures were recurrent injuries, and 20.7% (n = 139) were season-ending injuries. Conclusions: Women experienced stress fractures at higher rates than men, more often in the preseason, and predominantly in the foot and lower leg. Researchers should continue to investigate biological and biomechanical risk factors for these injuries as well as prevention interventions.

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Hirschhorn, Rebecca M., Zachary Y. Kerr, Erin B. Wasserman, Melissa C. Kay, Daniel R. Clifton, Thomas P. Dompier, and Susan W. Yeargin. "Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-340-17.

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Context: Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.Objective: To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Participating colleges and high schools during 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 and 2011–2012 to 2013–2014, respectively.Patients or Other Participants: Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.Results: A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.Conclusions: Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports.

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"Higher goals: women's ice hockey and the politics of gender." Choice Reviews Online 38, no. 07 (March 1, 2001): 38–3960. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-3960.

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Bigg, Jessica L., Alexander S. D. Gamble, and Lawrence L. Spriet. "Internal Physiological Load Measured Using Training Impulse in Varsity Men's and Women's Ice Hockey Players Between Game Periods." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Publish Ahead of Print (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004120.

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