To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Women's periodicals, Russian.
Journal articles on the topic 'Women's periodicals, Russian'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 39 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Women's periodicals, Russian.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Boyko, Vera. "Women's Magazines in Russian Provinces: Structural Characteristics." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 9, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2020.9(4).727-739.
Full textAbstract:
The article studies the structure of the contemporary Russian provincial magazines for women, determines their typological basis, examines establishment and development of the conception of women’s press in various historical periods, and, by the example of the media landscape of provincial magazines, analyzes the features of publicity within women’s community in a particular region. Provincial press, being closer to the reader and able to form a targeted content, has a great informational potential and accurately reflects the community’s interests. Therefore, one of its tasks is to optimize the media landscape of a local female community as its publicity factor. This adds to the topicality of the research. The study sample included 33 contemporary women's magazines from 17 provinces of Russia. The aim was to determine the typological features of the magazines and estimate the impact of women’s press on solving the topical gender issues of the Russian woman. The results show prevalence of specialized women’s magazines in provincial press, which correlates with the general trend in the periodical press. Meanwhile, their typological structure is not optimized enough: the periodicals do not always match the audience's demand, and do not take all opportunities for that, either. Besides, multitopic provincial periodicals find it difficult to compete with well-known national and foreign magazines. One of the positive trends is the development of periodicals focused on careers, businesswomen and women in politics.
2
Borodina, Elena Vasil'evna, and Yuliya Vladimirovna Kus'kalo. "Women's Movement and attempts to organize the National Women's Council in Russia at the beginning of the XX century." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.5.38160.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this study is the organization of the National Women's Council in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. The study was conducted using a gender approach in history (historical feminology). In addition, the problems under consideration were studied using the methods of source studies, mainly internal criticism of historical sources. The source base of the article was made up of both documentary (legislation and materials of women's congresses and organizations) and narrative sources. First of all, these are the documents of the A.I. Filosofov Foundation: draft charters of women's organizations, letters of petition, responses of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and others. Of considerable interest is also the women's periodical press, which published reports and resolutions of women's congresses, memorable articles about representatives of the women's movement. The scientific novelty of the research lies both in the inclusion of new source complexes into scientific circulation, and in the reconstruction of the process of creating the All-Russian Women's Council, an organization that was seen as the coordinating center of the Russian women's movement. As a result of the analysis of sources and historiography, the authors came to the conclusion that at the beginning of the XX century the women's movement in Russia focused on the struggle for civil and political rights, for which it was necessary to unite the maximum possible number of women who aspired to equality. For this purpose, along with the creation of women's organizations and the publication of regular periodicals, women's congresses are beginning to be held. The First All-Russian Women's Congress for the first time raised the issue of creating a National Women's Council to unite all women's societies and organizations. Attempts to create the organization continued for 20 years, but were crowned with success only in 1917. However, Russian feminism has not been able to create an international organization. Despite the progressive nature of the activities of women's movement activists, the civil war in Russia interrupted the work of the organization.
3
Zheleznyakova, Yulia E. "Attitude of the Kazan Gubernia Peasants towards Women's Primary Education: The Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2019): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-449-457.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the problem of peasants’ attitude towards female education in rural schools of the Kazan gubernia. The author draws on a variety of archival and published sources: documents of management and record keeping of institutions responsible for schools functioning, statistical data, periodicals, etc. In pre-revolutionary Russia, peasants constituted the vast majority of the population. This fully applies to the Kazan gubernia, one of Russian agricultural regions. The specificity of the gubernia was in its multi-ethnic and multi-confessional population structure: the Russians, the Tatars, the Chuvash, the Mari, the Mordvins, the Udmurt, etc. An important factor in Russian modernization of the second half of the 19th - early 20th century was Zemstvo school, a significant sociocultural institution contributing to spiritual well-being and material welfare of the masses. It promoted basic literacy and, more importantly, inclusion of millions of liberated peasants into civil life. Expansion of the Zemstvo schools network was a step towards universal primary education. Zemstvo also attempted to solve the so-called “women’s question.” Believing that woman should be full member of the society, Zemstvo delegates sought to make primary education universal. The majority of rural schools in the Kazan gubernia were Zemstvo schools, where children of both sexes were trained, but for a long period of time boys predominated. For a long time it was believed that a woman does not need literacy, it was deemed a luxury. Farmers’ views on the education of girls and women changed over time, awareness of the need for their training grew. A noticeable progress occurred in the days of the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.
4
Elena, Samoilenko. "Halperin-Ginsburg Elena – the fate of a woman-lawyer in the context of the era." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-152-160.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. There are discussed issues of women's access to law. At the time of the Judicial Reform in the Russian Empire in 1864, a Bar was established. Previously, there was no full-fledged institute of judicial protection because of the inquisitive nature of domestic justice. However, in practice, civil service and access to the judiciary, as well as higher legal education, were still closed to women. It was only after the first Russian revolution of 1905–1907 that the question of women's right to be engaged in professional legal activity was considered. They were allowed to higher education. Attempts to pursue a law degree have been made before. So, some Russian women graduated from foreign law departments and came to Russia to get a job in the profession. Despite the fact that diplomas of foreign universities did not equate to the certificates of Russian higher education institutions, they gave the right to take the state exam for the full course of the relevant Russian educational institution. The right of women to practice law became statutory on 1 June 1917. The Provisional Government issued a resolution "On admission of women to court cases", finally having put an end to all disputes and allowed women to fully join the legal community. The aim of the article is to cover the little-known biography of one of the first Ukrainian women lawyers, Elena Halperin-Ginsburg. Results. The article deals with the life and creative activity of one of the first Ukrainian women lawyers, Ginsburg Elena Abramivna. There is given a general overview of the scientific, educational and journalistic activity of Elena. Among other things, the focus is on its activities in Kyiv. Elena has collaborated on various issues of criminal law with such publications as the "Journal of the Ministry of Justice", "Journal of Criminal Law and Procedure". In the period from 1909 to 1916, she actively published her works in the largest circulation provincial newspaper of the Russian Empire of his time, “Kievskaya Mysl’" On the pages of the periodicals, Elena highlights the most pressing and acute issues of social life. In Kyiv, she organizes a patronage for prisoners, participates in the League for the Protection of Childhood and drafts its statute. She initiated the creation of a juvenile court in 1914 in Kyiv. She actively works at the Kyiv Women's Public Assembly, lectures at the People's House.
5
Штылева, М. В., and Н. Л. Пушкарева. "Повседневность мурманчанок в конце 1980-х — начале 1990-х годов глазами исследователей и журналистов." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 2024 № 1 (March 2024): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2024-1/198-211.
Full textAbstract:
В статье проанализированы публикации, в которых нашла отражение недавняя история российской повседневности — обыденная жизнь Мурманска и отчасти всего региона русского Заполярья в 1980-е — 1990-е гг. Обнаружена крайняя скудость исследований, посвященных изучению повседневной жизни женщин этого города и региона, в то время как он представляет интерес как один из первых, в котором возникли снизу независимые женские общественные организации, впоследствии слившиеся в «Конгресс женщин Кольского полуострова». Целью статьи было выявление общей тенденции в освещении вопросов, связанных с бытом женщин этого малоизученного региона Российской Федерации, генерализация всех сведений, которые можно собрать в современной российской научной литературе по этому вопросу за последние 35 лет. Проведенный анализ привел к выводу о том, что несмотря на высокую социальную активность женщин Кольского региона в целом и Мурманска в частности в изучаемое время, повседневный опыт женщин в различных общественных сферах не был тематизирован в научной литературе. Перспективными источниками исследования повседневности мурманчанок в 1985–2000 гг., полагает автор, могут служить периодическая печать и собственно «устная женская история» — нарративы активисток женского движения, их публикации и выступления, рассказы очевидцев. В статье обосновывается необходимость и актуальность такого рода исследования. The article analyzes publications that reflect the recent history of Russian everyday life — the everyday life of Murmansk and partly the entire Russian Polar Region in the 1980s–1990s. It reveals the extreme scarcity of studies devoted to the everyday life of women in this city and region, while it is of interest as one of the first cities where independent women's public organizations emerged from below, which later merged into the «Congress of Women of the Kola Peninsula». The aim of the article was to identify a general trend in the coverage of the everyday life of women in this little-studied region of the Russian Federation, to generalize all the information that can be collected in modern Russian scientific literature on this issue over the past 35 years. The analysis has led to the conclusion that despite the high social activity of women in the Kola region in general and Murmansk in particular in the time under study, women's everyday experience in various social spheres has not been thematized in the scientific literature. The author believes that periodicals and "women's oral history" — the narratives of women activists, their publications and speeches, and eyewitness accounts — can serve as promising sources of research into the everyday life of Murmansk women in 1985–2000. The article highlights the importance of this kind of research.
6
Smeyukha, Victoriya, and Natalya Grebennikova. "Women’s Press: Theory and Research Experience in Ukraine and Russia." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 17 (2015): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2015.17.43-58.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this research are: to summarize the studies in women’s press carried out by Ukrainian and Russian scientists in the late XX and early XXI centuries; to identify the main trends in research on this issue; to identify the common and different trends in Ukrainian and Russian studies; to define the ground for strengthening research interest to a segment of women’s press. The source base for this study consists of the Ukrainian and Russian dissertations, monographs and research articles. Methods. For this study the authors used the following methods: bibliographic; methods of comparison and classification; theoretical-typological and historical-typological methods; secondary analysis of data derived from other studies. Within the bibliographic review we analysed the academic works by Ukrainian and Russian scientists, who explored the women’s press. With that, the main focus was on those scientific works, which significantly contributed to the studies in women’s press or strongly indicated the formation of new trends in the relevant research process. The following electronic resources were used as the main source to find academic publications devoted to the women’s press: “Elibrary.ru”, “Man and Science – Library of Dissertations on Humanitarian Sciences”, “Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine”. The scientific papers devoted to the studies in women’s press were classified in accordance with the issues they mainly focused on. The papers were presented in chronological order, within the corresponding thematic areas. Comparison and classification methods were used to identify the similar and different trends in development of the studies in women’s press in Ukrainian and Russian science. Theoretical-typological method made it possible to correlate the research results with the typological conceptions of women’s periodicals. Historical-typological method was used to show the role of contemporary studies in the history of women’s press. Results and Conclusions. A bibliographic review of Ukrainian and Russian academic works dedicated to women’s press was performed. The authors analyzed research papers of the late XX and early XXI cent.; identified the main trends in research on this issue; found common and different trends in Ukrainian and Russian studies; defined the ground for strengthening research interest to a segment of women’s press. At present, the women’s press is a subject of many humanities studies in Ukraine and Russia; women’s periodicals are studied by philologists, historians, sociologists, in cultural studies. The strengthening of research interest to the field of women’s periodicals in Ukraine and Russia was mainly stimulated by the following factors: the developments in socio-political situation that influenced the system of media as a whole; and the expansion of women’s press segment, strengthening of its economic significance and of its impact on the audience. Some similar trends are observed in the development of women’s press in two countries that stipulates the similar trends in research on this subject. Scientists of the both countries mostly conduct the theoretical-typological, historical-typological, philological, gender, linguistic and sociological analysis of the women’s periodicals. Developments in the segment of women’s press and changes in its impact on the audience define the key areas of research process. During the first decade of the XXI century, scientists focused their studies on the typological transformation of the system of women’s press and on the developed of classification of the women’s periodicals. Later, the main interest refocused on the impact of women’s press on mental, behavioral and communication characteristics of the audience. The Ukrainian scientists perform better in the scientific theory of women’s press, because their studies are based not only on own theoretical experience, but also take into account the results of Russian colleagues, contributing to the breadth and quality of research, and making it possible to pay more attention to the new areas of research. At the same time, the majority of Russian scientists use in their research on women’s presses a narrower set of academic sources that leads to the certain uniformity and similarity of the results. The generalizations and conclusions of the current research can supplement the theoretical knowledge in the field of women’s press, facilitate tracing the dynamics of research interest on the corresponding subject in Ukraine and Russia, and contribute to the determination of the prospective areas of studies in women’s press.
7
Velmakina, Maria S. "Representation of the “Women’s Question” in Official Siberian Periodicals of the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/14.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the public opinion on the “women’s question” in Siberian official periodicals of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The term “women’s question” represents a complex of issues, such as education, labor and professional life, individual freedom, family relations and political rights. The primary sources are the publications of Siberian state-run and eparchy periodicals that reflected the state’s and the Russian Orthodox Church’s official position on this question and at the same time formed the public opinion. In 1857, Gubernskie Vedomosti began to be issued almost simultaneously in four principal centers of Siberian provinces: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk. The official section included regulations, orders, directives of the central and local authorities as well as official announcements. The non-official section included articles on regional topics such as the economy and statistics of the region, ethnographic information, accounts and reports of scientific expeditions. Among other materials, some articles considering “women’s question” aspects were published. A similar structure was used in Eparkhial’nye Vedomosti, the Russian Orthodox Church’s official periodical issued since 1860. Eparkhial’nye Vedomosti started to be issued in Siberia at different times: in 1863 in Irkutsk (Irkutskie), in 1871 in Omsk (till 1898 they were called Akmolinskie), in 1880 in Tomsk (Tomskie), in 1882 in Tobolsk (Tobolskie), and finally in 1884 Eniseyskie. Not only the official periodicals presented the state’s and society’s position on female education (the key aspect of the “women’s question”), but also the Russian Orthodox Church, no less important an institution in the public opinion. The article deals with collective judgments on the “women’s question” communicated through newspaper texts. The main topics of the “question” are identified and characterized: 1) the state of the female education system, 2) the statement of the need for female education, and 3) episodes of the biographies of women who have already changed their social role. Having considered the depiction of the “women’s question” in Siberian official periodicals, the author draws a conclusion that, from the point of view of both the state-run press and the Russian Orthodox Church’s periodicals, the main aspect of that issue was the female education problem, which was the basis for women’s integration into social life. The press formed the opinion on female education development as an important sociocultural phenomenon in the province and a significant fact of Siberian social life. The official state-run and eparchial press predetermined the changes in gender stereotypes in social consciousness.
8
Nikulina, A. A. "Women in Church Choirs: Discussion in the Periodical Press of the Turn of the 20th Century." Art & Culture Studies, no. 4 (December 2022): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51678/2226-0072-2022-4-458-483.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to consistently analyse the statements of contemporaries about the reform of church choirs in the Russian church and secular periodicals of the early 20th century, which have not been previously involved in musicological studies. At the beginning of the 20th century, the question of the role of women in society was considered in various publications, including periodicals on art. They discussed the position of women in musical professions and keenly debated the topic of women being involved in liturgical singing in the choir. Adherents of patriarchal views defended the inadmissibility of female singers in church, whereas innovators advocated their participation. The reform of church choirs in Russia was carried out gradually, under the influence of transformations in the structure of church life, the growth of social freedoms, and the spread of humanistic ideas in society related to the condemnation of child labour. Public discussion in the music and church press began in 1906. The topic of the church choir reform was raised at the All-Russian Congress of Church Singing Leaders in Moscow in 1908–1909, but the issue of women’s participation in liturgical singing in the choir was finally resolved only at the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1918.
9
Saveleva, Anastasiya A. "Sociological reflections on the history of Russian women’s periodical press." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology 12, no. 3 (2019): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2019.305.
Full text
10
Khabutdinov, A. "The Tatars of Siberia learning the Russian language in the late 19<sup>th</sup> – early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries." Philology and Culture, no. 2 (September 17, 2023): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2023-72-2-240-245.
Full textAbstract:
This article is devoted to the history of Russian language learning by the Tatars of Siberia in the late 19th–early 20th centuries. In accordance with the Rules on Measures for the Education of the Inorodets (national minority) Inhabiting Russia, Approved by His Majesty on March 26, 1870, schools were established where Muslims learned Russian and other secular disciplines as part of the primary school curriculum. The Tomsk Russian-Tatar School was the first to be established. It was opened in the 1875-1876 academic year. With the development of Jadid education in Siberia, from the end of the 19th century and especially after the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907, the Russian language was introduced in madrasahsand maktabs. The most important phenomenon was the creation of women’s maktabs, where, along with religious subjects, girls began to study secular disciplines. At the same time, Russian-Tatar schools were created in accordance with the education reform carried out by P. Stolypin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire, and the introduction of a number of new Rules of the Ministry of Public Education (MNE) on the education of non-Russian peoples. In Siberia, the most significant examples were the Russian-Tatar school in Tyumen, opened in 1913, and the Tomsk two-class Russian-Tatar school, opened in 1913 in memory of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812. Along with education for Tatar children in Tomsk, courses for adults were run in Tomsk from 1909. In 1916, training courses were organized in Tomsk, where Muslim youths (primarily Tatars and Kazakhs) could prepare for a teacher’s certificate and a certificate of maturity exams. Russian Muslim libraries played an important role in familiarizing the Tatar population with Russian culture. Along with the periodicals and books in Tatar, other Turkic languages of the peoples of Russia and Arabic, there were periodicals and books in Russian. Thus, by the revolution of 1917, a whole set of Tatar Muslim educational and cultural-educational institutions had emerged in Siberia, which made it possible to study and further improve the level of proficiency in the Russian language and literature.
11
Voronkova, Anastasia I. "Meta description of female business engagement scenarios." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 31, no. 4 (2019): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.31.4.618.
Full textAbstract:
This article contains a meta-analysis of representations of the main models of recruiting women into the field of professional business in European, English language and Russian periodical press. The aim of this study is to systemize the theoretical-conceptual and practical aspects of reproducing certain means of recruitment into the economic elite, as well as the restrictions which women face when choosing a professional development trajectory. A meta-description of the career paths of those women who established themselves in the entrepreneurial field allows for reconstructing women’s scenarios of choosing and forwarding their career in business, as well as for constructing a typology of narrative strategies which affect women’s choices in professional development trajectories in the context of different countries. The empirical basis for this study consists of full-text articles from periodical and serial publications in leading foreign and domestic academic journals. Using critical discourse analysis of articles and open data allows for reconstructing the significance of gender aspects when it comes to choosing a career in business, as well as for tracing the influence of the context of developing female entrepreneurship on recruitment mechanisms in various countries. The results of the empirical study show that the representation of mechanisms for recruiting women into the professional environment is differentiated in different ways in English language and Russian periodic press. Peculiarities inherent to different countries are one of the factors which affect the development of business trajectories specific to certain regions. In Europe a discourse-system education prevails as the most adequate means for establishing oneself in the economic field. Eastern Asian countries mostly focus on the immigration process. In Russia we see gender labeled strategies in leadership positions. The manner in which recruitment mechanisms are pitched also varies: European articles mostly focus on positive trends and representing the discourse of successful business cases, while Russian periodical press concentrates on the obstacles and restrictions women have to deal with when choosing a career path. The narratives used for reconstructing the mechanisms for recruiting women into the realm of business, together with the terminology chosen by the authors of this article, confirm a positive representation of female entrepreneurship in Europe, an ambiguous nature of the business environment in countries of the Far East, and a certain degree of underdevelopment in Russia’s segment.
12
Likhodey, Elena Maksimovna. "Review of some documents reflecting the activities of women's and children's public organizations in the 1990s, against the background of the transition from the protection of motherhood and childhood to the protection of women's and children's rights in Russian politics." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 6 (June 2022): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.6.36919.
Full textAbstract:
The article is an overview of some documents reflecting the activities of two public organizations dealing with women's issues, and one leading activities in the field of children's issues in the 1990s in Russia. The study of documents of public organizations of that period becomes particularly relevant when studying the transition in the country's policy from the protection of motherhood and childhood to the protection of the rights of women and children, since the activities of such organizations reflect the problems that existed in society. Public organizations were often associated with state authorities, political parties or other political associations, as their representatives actively participated in the activities of the former. In this regard, the study of policy formation in this issue is impossible without studying the activities of public organizations. The article, divided into two semantic headings, examines the goals and objectives of public organizations, the agenda of events held by them, resolutions adopted, possible ways to solve public problems that form the vision of the situation by representatives of public organizations. The scientific novelty of the presented article is determined by the fact that in order to write it, the author managed to attract a range of sources stored in the department of non-traditional press of the SPIB of Russia, and to highlight the activities of public organizations in conjunction with the history of the development of some problems in women's and children's issues in Russian politics, reflected in the documents of public organizations. In addition to these sources, periodical press data and memoirs of the participants of the described events, published by themselves, were also used. The conducted research made it possible to make additions to the process of policy formation in the women's and children's issues in the 1990s from the point of view of history. The results of the research can be used in the preparation of courses on the history of Russia, special courses on the history of state and law, when writing textbooks and textbooks.
13
Miodowski, Adam. "„Robotnica”, „Włościanka” i „Kobieta Sowiecka” – główne tytuły masowej sowieckiej prasy kobiecej szczebla centralnego (przed II wojną i po II wojnie światowej)." Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, no. 1(10) (2021): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.01.10.05.
Full textAbstract:
In Poland, there is a noticeable deficit of knowledge about the mass Soviet women’s press. After all, it for decades shaped the views and attitudes of millions of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian women and other residents of the Soviet Union. Such periodicals as “Robotnica”, “Włościanka”, “Kobieta Sowiecka”, being at the central level a part of a powerful propaganda machine, facilitated the Communist Party’s ‘piecemeal’ of women’s souls in the spirit of Marxist feminism. And its promoters, such as Nadezhda Krupska, Anna Ulyanova-Yelizarova, Inessa Armand, Aleksandra Kołłontaj and many others like them, so much that less known associates of Vladimir Lenin and his successors combined political and journalistic activity. The consequence of this situation was not only the instrumentalization of the women’s press politicized by the communist party, but also the limitation of its agency.
14
Gordeeva, Еlena Yu, and Svetlana A. Malutina. "Family Values in Advertising Discourse of Women’s Periodicals of the NEP Era." Humanitarian Vector 17, no. 1 (February 2022): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-106-115.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to identify the values of a family and society, reflected in advertising discourse including bibliographic advertisement on the pages of women’s periodicals of the NEP era. New empirical material is introduced into scientific circulation: texts of traditional and editorial book advertisement of non-state periodicals for women (Magazine for housewives, 1922–1926, Women’s magazine, 1926–1930). The relevance of the research is due to the necessity of studying bibliographic advertisement in women’s specialized magazines, which has not been included previously in the orbit of scientific interest. The basic research methods are historical and typological, comparative historical, methods of linguistic and textual analysis, entire overview. The authors reveal the importance of bibliographic advertisement on the pages of “Magazine for housewives” and “Women’s magazine” in process of transformation of the value paradigm in post-revolutionary Russia, reconsideration of the old and consolidation of the new gender roles of a woman in Soviet society (the wife, the mother, the housewife, the worker, the social activist). Using syncretic of their genre nature texts on the pages of Magazine for housewives and Women’s magazine actualizes genres of bookselling advertisement (annotation, price list) as well as media genres (mini-review and review, recommendation, etc.). Comparisons, lexical repetitions, superlatives of adjectives, calls to action, etc. were used as means of language suggestion in book advertisement in specialized magazines. Indication of the uniqueness of a book novelty, promise of a gift or a benefit and personalization are becoming the universal methods of book advertisement. Since the strategies tested in bibliographic advertisement of the NEP era were actively developed in the subsequent period, our results can be used in future analysis of axiological context of the Soviet advertising discourse.
15
Kitsenko, Olga, and Roman Kitsenko. "First Female Doctors in the Zemstvo Service of the Saratov Province (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2023): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.9.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The gender aspects of modern medicine determine the research interest in the activities of the first female doctors in Russia. In contrast to private practice, the work of doctors in the zemstvo played an important social role. Therefore, the object of this study is the activities of the first female doctors in the service of the Saratov zemstvo. Methods and materials. The source base of the study was the materials of the zemstvo periodicals and office-work documentation (journals of zemstvo meetings, reports of councils, protocols of medical congresses). The historical-systemic method made it possible to consider the professional activities of the first female doctors of the Saratov zemstvo in the context of the formation of the system of women’s medical education in the Russian Empire. With the help of the historical-comparative method, the general features of the professional activity of V.I. Bukhovtseva, A.I. Sukhodeeva, and E.A. Kharizomenova were defined. Analysis and results. The authors established the first female doctors appeared in the service of the Saratov zemstvo at the turn of the 1880–1890s. The entry of women into the zemstvo service was hampered by restrictions on the independent medical practice, the termination of medical courses in 1887, and hard working conditions in the Russian provinces. However, the activities of V.I. Bukhovtseva, A.I. Sukhodeeva and E.A. Kharizomenova at the Saratov zemstvo demonstrated the organizational and research abilities of the first female doctors, their awareness of the medical and social problems of the Russian hinterland, and active participation in sanitary and educational work. Restoration and development of higher medical education for women at the turn of the 1890–1900s became the main factor in the increase in the number of female doctors in the zemstvo service, the expansion of their professional competencies, and the increased role in the development of the health care system. Authors’ contributions. The study of zemstvo office documentation and periodicals containing information about the activities of the first female doctors in the Saratov province was carried out by Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor O.S. Kitsenko. Information about the number and place of service of female doctors in the Russian medical lists of 1883–1916 analyzed by the Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, associate professor R.N. Kitsenko.
16
Urmaev, Aleksandr N., Andrey A. Danilov, and Andrey I. Orlov. "EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S SAMBO AND JUDO IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC (1980–1990s)." Historical Search 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2022-3-4-75-82.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a brief historical analysis of the evolvement and development of women’s sambo and judo based on the analysis and generalization of archival data, periodical publications, scientific literature and conversations with veterans of wrestling of the Chuvash Republic. It is noted that the methodological basis for women’s sambo and judo evolvement in the Chuvash Republic was the experience of their cultivation in the sports section at the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Education (SCOLIPE), organized in the 1930s. Some omissions in the state policy in the field of physical culture and sports in cultivating women’s sports wrestling at the All-Union level are identified.
While working in the republican archives, pioneers and enthusiasts of women’s sambo and judo evolvement in the Chuvash Republic were identified. Through their efforts, the first successes of Chuvash athletes were achieved, which served as the basis for further competitive results and formation of sports traditions.
As the results of the study, a number of particular conclusions are formulated and conditions are specified, their complex implementation, according to the authors, will best contribute to the evolvement and development of newly cultivated sports.
The practice of Chuvash athletes’ performance in the international and All-Russian sports arena shows that there are ups and downs in the history of the development of all sports. Sports types of wrestling, including women’s sambo and judo, are no exception. In this regard, it is of interest to search for factors that determine the successful performance of athletes of these sports in competitive arenas of international and All-Russian levels.
The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of archival data, periodical publications, information from scientific literature and personal conversations with veterans of wrestling in Chuvashia, for the first time an attempt is made to identify factors that ensure, among others, a successful performance of Chuvash women-athletes at competitions of various levels.
17
Durst, Elizabeth. "Designs for Everyone: Transforming Women’s Fashions in Early Twentieth-Century Russia." Experiment 22, no. 1 (November 15, 2016): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211730x-12341279.
Full textAbstract:
The world of women’s fashion in early twentieth-century Russia provides a rich context for measuring shifts in class identity and in gender norms, as the major cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg were witnessing broad social transformation. If not for the Revolution, the late-Imperial period may well have anticipated the mature markets of the West, where haute couture and the garment industry fueled widespread consumption and became what are now essential components of modern collective social behavior. In Russia, the intensified urbanization of the early twentieth century also ushered in the rise of new forms of popular culture, which often intersected with the world of women’s fashion. Specialized periodicals, such as fashion magazines and the new art of cinema, fueled a cult interest in the latest sartorial trends. A reflection of this phenomenon can also be found in Teffi’s (pseudonym of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaia, 1872-1953) broadly circulated stories, which allowed readers to better understand the perceived transformative power of fashion, even when expressed on the seemingly minor level of a small collar or hat.
18
Murtazina, Lyalya R., and Alsou A. Zinnatullina. "Some features of the development of women’s education in Tatar villages in the beginning of the 20th century." Historical Ethnology 7, no. 1 (2022): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-1.100-110.
Full textAbstract:
This article is devoted to the analysis of some problems and features of the development of women’s education among the Tatars in the countryside. Women’s schools first appeared in cities. Then they began to open in the Tatar villages. The development of these schools was reflected in the contradictions between the supporters of the old-method teaching and the Jadids. Very often the people were on the side of the former. As a result, women’s schools were forced to close and teachers lost their jobs. In some villages, thanks to the activities of progressive people, schools developed and became famous in Russia. The authors give examples of such schools and teachers. The work uses the publications of the Tatar periodical press of the early 20th century.
19
Myasnikova, Alla B., and Alexander D. Grigoriev. "THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC IN MODERN TIMES: HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC ASPECT." Historical Search 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2024-5-2-95-104.
Full textAbstract:
The transformation of a woman’s role in the family and society is dictated by time. The most intense changes occurred in the period of the late twentieth and early twenty–first centuries, which had a significant impact on changes in all spheres of life, particularly on the development of civil society, personality, human potential and, as a result, on women’s self-awareness. Women’s organizations are trying to involve more members in their activities, work within the framework of an urgent socio-political agenda, and actively cooperate with authorities and other organizations. The purpose of the research is to analyze the activities of the women’s movement in the Udmurt Republic. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of scientific literature study, archives materials, and periodical press. The methodological basis of the claimed work was the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity, as well as a set of general scientific and special historical methods that allow for a comprehensive analysis of available sources. Study results. The article provides information about the history of the creation and activities of the women’s movement as a whole and throughout the Udmurt Republic, at crucial moments in particular, when organizations created by women actively searched for solutions aimed at developing a concept of progressive development of the state and society. The article provides information about the history of the creation and activities of the women’s movement in general and in the territory of the Udmurt Republic in particular at turning points, when the organizations created by women were actively looking for solutions aimed at working out a concept for the progressive development of the state and society. The women’s movement of the Udmurt Republic is represented by two large women’s organizations – the regional branch of the Women’s Union of the Udmurt Republic, which is part of the All-Russian public and state organization Union of Women of Russia, and the regional public movement “Council of Udmurt Women “Udmurt Nylkyshno Kenesh”, which is an associate member of the All-Udmurt Association “Udmurt Kenesh”. It was during difficult periods that women sought to take responsibility and link their fate with the future of the state. It is also worth noticing that the work of the public organizations is actively covered in the mass media that indicates their significance. Conclusions. The women’s movement, which arose on the territory of Udmurtia at the end of the twentieth century, becomes the foundation of professional, cultural, political development and personal formation of women in the conditions of the Russian state. Over the hundred years of its existence, the women’s movement in the republic has come a long way, members of established women’s organizations actively participate in the cultural, socio-economic and political development of the region.
20
Kaymarazov, Gani Sh, and Leyla G. Kaymarazova. "LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN-HIGHLANDERS IN THE END OF 1920S – FIRST HALF OF 1930S: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 982–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch164982-1001.
Full textAbstract:
The modern legal status of a Russian woman and the establishment of conditions for achieving equality between men and women have been in the focus of the state and society. In this regard, the study and generalization of the historical experience of gender regulation in Soviet Russia (1917–1991), especially in the late 1920s – early 1930s, is of undoubted scientific and practical interest, by the end of which the authorities announced the solution to the “women’s question”. The issues of the legal status of the Russian women are reflected in works of native, as well as regional and foreign experts. Modern historiographical groundwork, new sources (starting from the normative and record-keeping documents to materials of periodicals and ego-documents), the use of the principle of historicism, systematic and anthropologic approaches, comparative-historical, comparative-legal and descriptive methods allow to reveal the legal status of women-highlanders of Dagestan.
The study aims to demonstrate how in the conditions of the polyethnic region the Soviet legislation of the first decades of Soviet power, making adjustments to the rights and obligations of a highland woman who was under the great influence of Islam and the historically established traditions of Dagestan society, changed its position and provided new opportunities for implementation women’s aspirations in everyday, economic, professional, political and cultural life. The paper provides estimations on some “traditional” practices of women, who were discontented with policies carried out by the Soviet power and who organized public marches.
As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the Soviet authorities viewed women as their ally in socialist transformations, and the legal and economic equality of men and women, recorded in Soviet laws, created conditions for the involvement of women in all spheres of life of the Dagestan society. At the same time, during the period under review, the predominance of the traditional form of the family continued to be ensured by the strictest social control.
21
Khisamutdinov, A. A. "Serebrennikovs from Irkutsk and Russian Science in Tianjin/Tientsin." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 37 (2021): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.37.69.
Full textAbstract:
This publication is dedicated to the Russian China Studies in Tianjin by Ivan Innokent’evich Serebrennikov (1882–1953, Tianjin, China) and his wife, Alexandra Nikolaevna (1883 – 1975, San Francisco, USA), who left considerable traces in the literary life of Russian China. He was an active member of the East-Siberian department of the Russian Geographical Society, the secretor of the City of Irkutsk Duma, the minister in the Siberia Government and in A. Kolchak’s Government. His wife graduated from the Irkutsk women’s high school, worked for the “Sibir” newspaper, after the February revolt she was elected as a deputy for the City of Irkutsk Duma. Ivan Serebrennikov and his wife arrived in Harbin in March 1920 intending to go in for literature, researches, studying China. He published some historical works on the civil war history alongside with his memoirs. That period his diaries were not regular, he made notes but occasionally. The obvious reason for that was the spouses didn’t know where to live. In spring 1922 having come to Tianjin both Serebrennikovs started teaching. A. Serebrennikova worked as a teacher of Russian language and literature, she also did lecturing and published her articles in some periodicals. Since 1937 she had been busy with translating Chinese poetry from English into Russian using British editions. The main interests of I. Serebrennikov were in history and orient studies. He analyzed the political and economic situation, prepared materials for American scholars. Some of them – Harold H. Fisher (Stanford Univ., Hoover Inst.), Charles P. Howland (Yale Univ.) – used Serebrennikov’s analyses in their researches. But the main I. Serebrennikov’s work is his diaries which remain unpublished up to now. Since 1931 he had made his notes daily – at first with a straight and beautiful handwriting. Then, after he had got a stroke, the letters became uneven and looked like unreadable signs. At last his wife wrote for him under his dictating. The diaries keep the evidence of many events, such as the civil war in Russia and the beginning of communists’ regime, ethnical conflicts in China, the influence of Japan, USA and other countries. Also, in this article the oriental journal “Vestnik Azii Herald of China” is described.
22
Lochekhina, Galina A. "REPRESENTATION OF SEXUALIZED VIOLENCE IN WOMEN’S GRAPHIC NOVELS: NAOMI JUDKOWSKI AND EUFROSINIA KERSNOVSKAYA." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (18) (2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-151-158.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses an image from the work of Polish-born Israeli artist Naomi Judkowski (Zofia Rosenstrauch) in juxtaposition with a work done by Russian artist Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya. The study aims to compare two art works of two women with different backgrounds who both suffered under two oppressive regimes. One of the founders of the Ghetto Fighters kibbutz in Northern Israel with its known museum and archive dedicated to the Holocaust memory and education, Naomi Judkowski was an important voice in the Israeli post-war society. Not only her drawings were used as the state of Israel put Eichman on trial, but she also wrote a memoir of her experiences in Auschwitz-Birkenau available for the future generations. At the same time, Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya represents unique evidence to the experience of forced labour and deadly conditions in the Soviet GULAG. Her memoir together with 680 drawings reached the audience in 1990 when it was published by Russian and foreign periodicals. Despite the importance of these works, none of them has received the proper attention to this day. However, in the works of both authors, one can clearly see the “unique female language” that served as an expression of feelings and emotions in response to the sexualized humiliations perpetrated by the men against these two women. The works of both artists are characterized by a realistic visual language and were created out of a need for emotional expression, making the viewer witness their experience.
23
Mutiyeva, Oksana S. "REFLECTION OF THE EVENTS OF THE CAUCASIAN WAR IN WOMEN’S LETTERS (IN TERMS OF DAGESTAN)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 1 (2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-26-1-27-31.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to interpret some of the events of the Caucasian War through the analysis of women’s letters. The letters refl ected some of the key events of the Caucasian War, as well as the characteristics of political fi gures. The author analyses letters from Khatun Bahu Bike, Khatun Nukh Bike, Imam Shamil’s wife Shuanet and daughter-in-law Karimat to representatives of the military and administration in the Caucasus, as well as to relatives. The research materials showed that due to various circumstances, women were forced to send letters to the Russian authorities. The author identifi es and describes the characteristic features of female letters, reveals the motives for contacting recipients. The main sources of research were materials from the pre-revolutionary periodicals «Historical Bulletin», «Caucasian Collection», «Russian Antiquity», where the texts of the above-mentioned letters were published. In the work, methods of feminist ethnology, psychoanalysis and interpretation, typical of gender anthropology, are applied. This approach makes it possible to hear the personal voice of the participants of the described events, to analyse the motives of behaviour, ways of experiencing the surrounding reality. It is concluded that letters as a means of women’s self-expression were a kind of marker of the relationship of women with the authorities and relatives. It is obvious that the source study potential of existing female letters has not yet been realised and is not in demand by researchers.
24
Murtazina, L. R., and A. A. Zinnatullina. "EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN WOMEN’S TATAR SCHOOLS IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NATIONAL PERIODICAL OF THE PERIOD BEFORE THE REVOLUTION)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-4-740-748.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to extracurricular activities in Muslim women’s schools in Russia in the period before the October Revolution. These events were aimed at the comprehensive development, raising the cultural, intellectual level of students. They served the formation and preservation of religious-moral and national-cultural values among young Muslim women. The paper considers various types of activities that complement the curriculum of Muslim women’s schools in the early twentieth century. They contributed to the socialization of Muslim women in the new realities of the time. The article first introduced into scientific circulation new sources on the topic (materials of Tatar newspapers and magazines of the early twentieth century on the Arabic schedule).
25
Sinova, Irina V. "Female labor applying by the Maritime Ministry of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries." RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-2-355-373.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the issues related to the evolution of the use of women in the civil service at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries on the example of the Maritime Ministry on the basis of previously unpublished documents stored in the Russian state archive of the Navy and periodical press materials. The study of gender issues can be of scientific interest on the basis of its documents, as practically not in demand in research related to the women’s issue. As a result of the struggle of the public, there were some concessions on the part of the authorities related to the expansion of women’s access to fill certain positions in a number of areas that experienced a lack of certain qualifications, including public service, in the conditions of intensive bourgeois development. The article analyzes the legal acts regulating the work of women, especially in the public service. it is shown how the changes that took place in the Russian Empire influenced the transformation of the socio-economic situation of women in General, and, also, became a reflection of the social policy of the state. The article reveals the attitude of the heads of departments of the Ministry to the admission of women to the public service, as well as their opinion on the degree of necessity for the service itself in attracting women to it. The article deals with the arguments of men - heads of departments of the Ministry, related to the impact of women’s work on home life, on the family and on itself, which differed largely by philistine assessments, rather than progressive views. In fact, on the part of the authorities, concessions to women were more imaginary and forced than the result of an objective assessment of their equal opportunity to serve in the public system.
26
Hardiman, Louise. "Invisible Women." Experiment 25, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211730x-12341344.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Maria Vasilievna Iakunchikova designed three works of applied art and craft in a Neo-Russian style for the Russian section of the Paris “Exposition Universelle” of 1900—a wooden dresser, a toy village in carved wood, and a large embroidered panel. Yet, so far as the official record is concerned, Iakunchikova’s participation in the exhibition is occluded. Her name does not appear in the catalogue, for it was the producers, rather than the designers, who were credited for her works. Indeed, her presence might have been entirely unknown, were it not for several reports of the Russian display in the periodical press by her friend Netta Peacock, a British writer living in Paris. The invisibility of the designer in this instance was not a matter of gender, but it had consequences for women artists. In general, women were marginalized in the mainstream of the nineteenth-century Russian art world—whether at the Academy of Arts or in prominent groups such as the Peredvizhniki—and, as a result, enjoyed fewer opportunities at the Exposition. But the Neo-national movement, linked closely with the revival of applied art and the promotion of kustar industries, was one in which women’s art had space to flourish. And, in the so-called village russe at the Exposition, which featured a display of kustar art, by far the larger contribution was made by women, both as promoters and as artists. In this article, I examine Iakunchikova’s contribution to the Exposition within a broader context of female artistic activity, and the significance of the Russian kustar pavilion for a gendered history of nineteenth-century art.
27
Laptev, V. A. "CREATION AND COMBAT ACTIVITIES OF STRIKING UNITS AND REVOLUTIONARY BATALIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MILITARY PRINT OF 1917." History: facts and symbols, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-34-1-102-108.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the issue of the coverage in the military periodical press of attack units and revolutionary battalions - special combat formations that arose in the Russian Army in the spring of 1917. The former were recruited exclusively from the active army, while the latter were recruited from both logistic units and civilian volunteers. In the course of the study, the author analyses what information about the attack units and the revolutionary battalions was published in the military newspapers and concludes that its versatility made it possible to cover their establishment, existence and combat activity in sufficient detail. On the one hand, the newspapers provided detailed information on the organization of the revolutionary battalions. In particular, materials were printed about the procedure for joining these groups and support for volunteers. Moreover, letters and telegrams of military personnel were published in which they expressed their desire to join «parts of death». In addition, counter-insurgency telegrams and orders from the High Command were regularly published concerning the emergence of new attack units and the activities of existing ones. On the other hand, attention was paid in the military press to reflecting the controversy over the advisability of the existence of such combat units, which had flared up in the Russian army. In this connection, military newspapers have published collective decisions by groups of soldiers, personal letters from soldiers and officers, and interviews with women‘s death battalion volunteers on their motives for joining the volunteer movement. Finally, a wealth of information was provided in the army press about special combat forces - the women‘s death battalions.
28
Vasnev, Theodosius. "The ministry of Saint Theophan (Govorov) on the Tambov Land: Tambov diocese in 1859–1863." Neophilology, no. 19 (2019): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-413-418.
Full textAbstract:
Tambov Governorate in the Russian Empire until the beginning of the XX century was the largest region of the country. The borders of the Tambov diocese and the Tambov Governorate coincided with the end of the 18th century. There were 16 monasteries and monastic communities. Bishop Theophan paid special attention to the development of spiritual life in the Tambov Governorate. He fed seminars and schools for girls (the diocesan women's school). Saint Theophan founded the first periodical journal in the diocese, the Tambov Eparchial Journal. For a short period of stay in Tambov, he proved himself to be an active organizer of various areas of church life, including missionary and educational significance. Bishop Theophan was keenly interested in all questions that were connected with the activities of the clergy, their behavior and relations among themselves. The Saint always showed love and compassion for his flock, and especially in the days of severe trials. Bishop Theophan left a bright mark in the history of the Tambov diocese as a trustee of the theological seminary and diocesan schools, the founder of temples and the organizer of decency in the cloisters, a writer and a teacher of morality, caring for the spiritual education, education and perfection of the inhabitants of the Tambov territory.
29
Turygina, Natalia. "The Quiet Service of Maria Alekseevna Neklyudova (1866—1948)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 7 (117) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022009-8.
Full textAbstract:
Maria Alekseevna Neklyudova (1866—1948) spent her whole life caring for girls: first, at the Patriotic Institute, then at the Smolny Institute for Noble Ladies, as well as the Odessa Women‘s Institute named after Emperor Nicholas I and finally at the Kharkiv Women‘s Institute, which she took out into exile and which she directed until its closure in 1932. Later she took care of the girls of the student dormitory in Belgrade, during the Second World War it gave shelter to yonger girls. Neklyudova took these girls from Serbia to Austria, however this step did not save them from repatriation to the Soviet Union. But even in exile in the village of Kuzkino of the Kuibyshev (Samara) region, she continued to take care of children, now looking after the children of a peasant in whose house she found shelter and where she lived until her death in 1948. Thus, she devoted her entire adult life to serving children and did not leave this work, in spite of all the difficulties. Neklyudova may not have been perfect, but she did her best to protect her maidens from the hardships and adversities of the reality surrounding them. In this paper, on the basis of the archival data, some milestones of Maria Alekseevna's life path, unknown in modern historiography, are restored. The materials of the periodical press and the memoirs of contemporaries help to understand what guided this woman in her sacrifice and indifference to other people's fate. The author tries to answer whether such a choice was her personal merit or was predetermined by the upbringing that she herself received within the walls of women's educational institutions for hereditary nobles in the Russian Empire.
30
Mussagaliyeva, Arailym, and Roza Mussabekova. "Karlag in the Fate of the Scientist Alexandra Zaitseva." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Russian repressed scientist, agronomistsoil scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize in the field of agriculture Alexandra Zaitseva and her contribution to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Materials. The article uses archival documents, and many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In particular, the documents of the State Archive of Karaganda region on scientific and technical documentation, the State Archive of Akmola region and materials of periodicals of those years were studied. Analysis and results. The authors comprehensively investigate her scientific activities in Akmola and Karaganda regions and pay special attention to her contribution and new scientific discoveries in the steppe arid zone. The study examines the merits of A. Zaitseva in the opening of an experimental station as part of the Akmola camp of wives of “traitors to the Motherland”, known as the women’s camp in the Soviet Union. It also presents her activities as a researcher in Karlag as a head of the department of agrotechnics and agrochemistry during the Great Patriotic War and in the difficult post-war years. In particular, her contribution to the sowing of winter wheat on the stubble of spring crops and grassland crop-rotation, introduced into the production practice of collective and state farms in Karaganda region. Separately, her activities in the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in Akmola region as a head of the department of agrosoil science have been investigated. Particular attention is paid to her participation in the practices to reduce wind erosion while developing virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan.
31
Karandashev, Gleb V. "PROSTITUTION IN THE DAILY LIFE OF RYBINSK IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 19TH – THE EARLY 20TH CENT." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2024-30-1-53-60.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of urban prostitution in Russia in the 2nd half of the 19th – the early 20th cent. in the example of the district city of Rybinsk, located in Yaroslavl Province. Based on the analysis of unpublished archival sources and materials of the local periodical press, prostitution has for the first time been considered as a socio-cultural phenomenon of Rybinsk urban everyday life. The paper presents statistical indicators of Rybinsk prostitution, examines the places and conditions of residence, as well as the social status of public women. The circumstances of entering the profession and the possibility of giving it up are studied; the activities of female prostitutes’ keepers and the socio-cultural environment that had developed around prostitution as a phenomenon of urban life are analysed. In the 1840s, prostitution in Russia was legalised and got under the supervision of the police. In Rybinsk, there was a medical and police commission, which, in order to reduce the number of sexually transmitted diseases, controlled the registration of women of easy virtue, organising medical examinations, the issuance of permits for the opening of brothels. During the navigation period, the influx of prostitutes to Rybinsk was significant and exceeded the provincial city of Yaroslavl by this indicator. Public women lived in brothels, apartments or stayed with their keepers, who made an important item of their income from this. The conditions of such a life included hardship, but provincial women preferred that to a half-starved existence. The criminogenic situation prevailing in Rybinsk brothels contributed to the commission of a variety of offences. Most prostitutes came from lower social groups. Being caught in secret prostitution led to a change in the social status and restriction of women’s personal freedom. The exit from the number of prostitutes was possible after the approval of the police authorities.
32
Shcherbinin, Pavel. "Protection of motherhood and infancy in the first decade of Soviet government in the Tambov Region (1918–1928)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 179 (2019): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-186-197.
Full textAbstract:
The social policy regarding motherhood and infancy, including the system of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate in the first decade of Soviet government (1918–1928) was specially and comprehensively studied in the context of state, public and private support of the agrarian society. The focus was on the reconstruction of the conformity of the program of maternity and childhood protection proclaimed by the Soviet government at the regional level. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials (archival sources, periodicals, published materials) various little-known aspects of a scientific problem are representatively investigated. We summarize the successful and unsuccessful experience of the formation of a welfare state system and public initiatives of the medical community and women’s departments in provincial Russia, which often had significant differences from metropolitan events and management decisions. A staged organization has been identified of creating subdivisions of motherhood and infancy, the actual care of orphans at the regional and county level, which makes it possible to assess the op-portunities and needs of social protection and the care of children in urban and rural society during the chronological period. We clarify the transformation of social institutions in relation to the maternity and childhood, both at the level of the governorate and at the county level. The situation of abandoned children and the social policy of transferring these children to private education are specifically considered, the financial problems associated with the transfer of orphans to childless peasant families are assessed. The main trends of social care for the “children of misfortune”, the motives for helping and supporting them by the local community, collectives of enterprises and state institutions of the period under review are revealed. Conclusions are made about the results and historical regional experience and traditions, peculiarities of supporting motherhood and childhood at the level of the province and counties, which made it possible to successfully reconstruct this social protection system of the new Soviet Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and concrete historical manifestations of the social state in the era of social cataclysms (Revolution, Civil War, Antonovschina, New Economic Policy), as well as assessing social and political, social and cultural tendencies of the Soviet government.
33
Крюкова, А. В. "Reflection of the Everyday Life of the Resorts of the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus at the Turn of the 20th Century in the Collection of the Felitsyn Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve." Nasledie Vekov, no. 4(32) (December 31, 2022): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2022.32.4.009.
Full textAbstract:
В статье представлены результаты анализа фондов Краснодарского государственного историко-археологического музея-заповедника имени Е. Д. Фелицына на предмет отражения в них тематики повседневной жизни курортов Черноморского побережья Кавказа рубежа XIX–XX вв. Комплекс материалов составили выявленные в ходе работы источники: письменные (публицистические издания и периодическая печать), изобразительные (открытки, этикетки конфет) и вещественные (предметы городского быта, женские аксессуары, деньги). Особое внимание при этом уделено почтовым карточкам с фотографиями приморских городов и их курортной инфраструктуры, являющимся самыми многочисленными и информативными из рассмотренных источников. Произведена их подробная атрибуция: определены время создания, выпустившие их издательства, установлены изображенные места Черноморского побережья. Выделены основные тематические аспекты, которые можно раскрыть исследователям при анализе размещенных на открытках иллюстраций. The aim of the study is to identify sources on the history of the everyday life of the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus at the turn of the 20th century in the funds of the Felitsyn Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve (the main historical museum of Krasnodar Krai) and to determine the degree of their representativeness. The research materials were sources identified in the course of the work: written (journalistic publications and periodicals), pictorial (postcards, candy labels) and material (urban household items, women’s accessories, money). The sources were identified during the author’s direct acquaintance with the museum’s collections in the State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation. In the process of research, methods of source analysis and synthesis, as well as typological and comparative methods, were applied. The author pays special attention to postcards with photographs of the coastal towns of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and their resort infrastructure. They are the most numerous and informative of the considered sources. The author considers in detail the principles of dating postal cards issued in the period under study in the Russian Empire and makes their detailed attribution: the quantitative characteristics of the analyzed postcards were revealed (in general, more than 200 postcards in the museum fund were studied), the time of creation, the publishing houses that issued them, the depicted places of the Black Sea coast were identified. In some cases, the authorship of photographic images is determined. The author emphasizes that the postcards in question were produced mainly by local publishers, who often, due to the lack of technical capabilities, collaborated with capital or foreign printing houses by ordering postcard printing. The author notes that the postcards that were used and went through post offices are especially interesting: they can be attributed to written ego sources as they contain personal texts that reveal various aspects of the daily life of holidaymakers. The analysis of illustrations placed on postcards shows their main thematic aspects to researchers. The author concludes that, on the basis of postcards, it is possible to study the features of the improvement of the resort area of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus by comparing these features with the characteristics of other Russian and foreign sea resorts.
34
Bucur, Maria, Alexandra Ghit, Ayşe Durakbaşa, Ivana Pantelić, Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, Elizabeth A. Wood, Anna Müller, et al. "Book Reviews." Aspasia 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 160–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2020.140113.
Full textAbstract:
Cristina A. Bejan, Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association, Cham, Switzer land: Palgrave, 2019, 323 pp., €74.89 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-030-20164-7.Chiara Bonfiglioli, Women and Industry in the Balkans: The Rise and Fall of the Yugoslav Textile Sector, London: I. B. Tauris, 2020, 232 pp., £85 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-78533-598-3.Aslı Davaz, Eşitsiz kız kardeşlik, uluslararası ve Ortadoğu kadın hareketleri, 1935 Kongresi ve Türk Kadın Birliği (Unequal sisterhood, international and Middle Eastern women’s movements, 1935 Congress and the Turkish Women’s Union), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası, 2014, 892 pp., with an introduction by Yıldız Ecevit, pp. xxi–xxviii; preface by the author, pp. xxix–xlix, TL 42 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-605-332-296-2.Biljana Dojčinović and Ana Kolarić, eds., Feministički časopisi u Srbiji: Teorija, aktivizam i umetničke prakse u 1990-im i 2000-im (Feminist periodicals in Serbia: Theory, activism, and artistic practice in the 1990s and 2000s), Belgrade: Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 2018, 370 pp., price not listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-6153-515-4.Melanie Ilic, ed., The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Gender in Twentieth-Century Russia and the Soviet Union, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 572 pp., $239 (e-book) ISBN: 978-1-137-54904-4; ISBN: 978-1-137-54905-1.Luciana M. Jinga, ed., The Other Half of Communism: Women’s Outlook, in History of Communism in Europe, vol. 8, Bucharest: Zeta Books, 2018, 348 pp., USD 40 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-697-070-9.Teresa Kulawik and Zhanna Kravchenko, eds., Borderlands in European Gender Studies: Beyond the East-West Frontier, New York: Routledge, 2020, 264 pp., $140.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-367-25896-2.Jill Massino, Ambiguous Transitions: Gender, the State, and Everyday Life in Socialist and Postsocialist Romania, New York: Berghahn Books, 2019, 466 pp., USD 122 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-785-33598-3.Gergana Mircheva, (A)normalnost i dostap do publichnostta: Socialnoinstitucionalni prostranstva na biomedicinskite discursi v Bulgaria (1878–1939) ([Ab]normality and access to publicity: Social-institutional spaces of biomedicine discourses in Bulgaria [1878–1939]), Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2018, 487 pp., BGN 16 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-4474-2.Milutin A. Popović, Zatvorenice, album ženskog odeljenja Požarevačkog kaznenog zavoda sa statistikom (1898) (Prisoners, the album of the women’s section of Požarevac penitentiary with statistics, 1898), edited by Svetlana Tomić, Belgrade: Laguna , 2017, 333 pp., RSD 894 (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-521-2798-6.Irena Protassewicz, A Polish Woman’s Experience in World War II: Conflict, Deportation and Exile, edited by Hubert Zawadzki, with Meg Knott, translated by Hubert Zawadzki, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, xxv pp. + 257 pp., £73.38 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-3500-7992-2.Zilka Spahić Šiljak, ed., Bosanski labirint: Kultura, rod i liderstvo (Bosnian labyrinth: Culture, gender, and leadership), Sarajevo and Zagreb: TPO Fondacija and Buybook, 2019, xii + 213 pp., no price listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-9926-422-16-5.Gonda Van Steen, Adoption, Memory and Cold War Greece: Kid pro quo?, University of Michigan Press, 2019, 350 pp., $85.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-472-13158-7.D imitra Vassiliadou, Ston tropiko tis grafi s: Oikogeneiakoi desmoi kai synaisthimata stin astiki Ellada (1850–1930) (The tropic of writing: Family ties and emotions in modern Greece [1850–1930]), Athens: Gutenberg, 2018, 291 pp., 16.00 € (paperback), ISBN: 978-960-01-1940-4.Radina Vučetić, Coca-Cola Socialism: Americanization of Yugoslav Culture in the Sixties, English translation by John K. Cox, Budapest: Central European University Press, 2018, 334 pp., €58.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-963-386-200-1.Nancy M. Wingfield, The World of Prostitution in Late Imperial Austria, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, xvi + 272 pp., $80 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-19880-165-8.Anastasia Lakhtikova, Angela Brintlinger, and Irina Glushchenko, eds., Seasoned Socialism: Gender and Food in Late Soviet Everyday Life, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019, xix + 373 pp., $68.41(hardback), ISBN: 978-0-253-04095-4.
35
Taimasov, Leonid A. "TSIVILSK TIKHVIN BOGORODITSKY MONASTERY DURING THE TRANSFORMATION PERIOD OF THE 1860s – 1870s." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2024-1-114-124.
Full textAbstract:
Studying the history of churches and monasteries in modern conditions is of scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the study is to examine the history of transformation of the Tsivilsk Tikhvin Monastery into a women’s monastery against the background of bourgeois modernization of the Russian society, intensification of the policy and practice of Orthodox missionary work, to show the contribution of spiritual and secular persons to the revival of monastic life in Tsivilsk monastery and to assess its religious and social significance in establishing Orthodoxy among the population of Chuvashia. Materials and methods. The article is based on the analysis of literary and documentary materials. The main sources of the work were archival documents, publications of periodicals, materials of the website of the Chuvash metropolis. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are made using the chronological, institutional and cultural-anthropological approaches. Study results. Tsivilsk Bogoroditsky Tikhvin Monastery of the Chuvash Metropolis is one of the oldest in the Middle Volga region. It was founded by Tsivilsk inhabitants in memory of the town’s miraculous deliverance in 1671 by the God’s Mother’s intercession from the devastation by S.T. Razin’s detachments. Tsivilsk monastery has gone through different times: it was on the verge of closure more than once, and was abolished during the Soviet period. In this study, based on the study of special literature and a set of sources, the author examined one of the most difficult periods in the history of the monastery. At the end of the 1860s, the monastery’s economy turned out to be in a critical condition. Neither the monastery nor the municipal authorities had the financial means and material resources to restore it. The brethren were small in number, they did not see any prospects for the change for the better, so violations to the rules of monastic life took place among them. The diocesan leadership in the person of Archbishop Anthony of Kazan (Ya.G. Amphiteatrov), having visited the monastery in 1869, made a proposal to the consistory to close it. However, in the conditions of bourgeois reforms and intensification of missionary and educational activities, closure of the monastery in the uyezd, where predominantly the Chuvash population lived, could have negative consequences for Orthodoxy establishment. At the same time, the residents of Tsivilsk and many neighboring villages did not want to lose the monastery, which had not only religious, but also symbolic significance. These circumstances, in the author’s opinion, forced to look for other solutions to its fate. The idea of converting a male monastery into a female one turned out to be promising. The events of the monastery economy’s revival are described in detail, the role of the abbess Kheruvima, the main benefactor V.N. Nikitin is shown, the progress of construction and repair works is covered, the celebrations in honor of the renovated monastery consecration are described in detail, its characteristics at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries are given. Conclusions. One of the ancient centers of Orthodoxy in the territory of Chuvashia, Tsivilsk Bogoroditsky Tikhvin Monastery became a women’s monastery as a result of transformations in 1871–1872. Preservation of the historical monastery became possible thanks to the support of the diocesan leadership, the presence of benefactors, a positive attitude of Tsivilsk residents, as well as believers of Tsivilsk and neighboring uyezds. As a result of the renovation, Tsivilsk Tikhvin Convent turned into a center of missionary educational activities in the Chuvash Region. The modern restoration of the monastery became possible due to preservation of the monastery complex, built mainly in the historical period under consideration.
36
Dąbrowska, Magdalena. "Dobroczynność w Rosji w świetle publikacji w czasopismach i almanachach literackich pierwszej połowy XIX wieku." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 45, no. 2 (October 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2020.45.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the publications in the periodical “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and the literary almanac Podarok bednym in the light of the development of charity in Russia (motives, forms, results): 1. The publications of Alexander Sturdza (About social charity, About private charity), Pyotr Shalikov etc.; 2. The charity institutions in the capital and the provinces; 3. The charity initiatives of women and the Russian writers. “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” (the monthly magazine) was published in St. Petersburg from 1817 to 1826. It contained, among other elements, information and reports about the activity of philanthropists and charity institutions, and literary works (Hymn to love for a man by Pyotr Shalikov). Podarok bednym was published in Odessa in 1834 (the motto was a quotation from the Aeneid by Vergil: “Miseris succurrere disco”) by a women’s benevolent society. It contained the commentaries and works of belles-lettres. The paper compares “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and Podarok bednym (the “common places”, for instance the articles by Alexander Strudza About social charity published in “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” in 1817 and in Podarok bednym in 1834). It presents also the discussions about charity in the Russian periodicals in the first half of the 19th century.
37
Kirsanov, Konstantin, and Natalia Alimova. "The economic security issues of periodicals by the example of women’s magazines." Journal of Clothing Science 1, no. 1 (March 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/02kl116.
Full textAbstract:
The authors consider the economic security issues of the modern periodical press by the example of women’s «glossy» publications. The article briefly describes the history of dissemination of women’s periodical in the world and in Russia. A comparative analysis of circulation and prices for advertising was carried out by the example of three magazines Vogue, Elle and Marie Claire. The authors note that the early XXI century marked the beginning of a protracted crisis for publishers of women’ gloss. First off, this is due to the development of Internet and digital technologies. Taking the above mentioned into considerations, we can conclude about the high level threats of economic safety for the modern periodicals, in particular, for the women’s magazines. First of all, this is drop in incomes from sales of circulations and advertise. In addition, a dollar volatility leads to an increase in the cost of magazine edition. The share of income received from the magazine sites still amounts to a miserable interests. The deliberate overstatement of circulations leads to the publishers’ reputational damage. All this results in the fact that the problems of raising level of economic security for the modern gloss enter into in the foreground.
38
Sak, Ksenia. "Women’s Daily Life in the Occupation: Sexual Violence in Documents and Soviet Propaganda." Quaestio Rossica 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/qr.2024.2.898.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of sexual violence in the occupied Soviet territories during the Great Patriotic War is an under-researched and taboo subject in the Russian public sphere. It is viewed either from the perspective of collaboration in prostitution and cohabitation, or from the perspective of gender discrimination and sexual violence. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to differentiate these features of women’s everyday life under the conditions of the “war of annihilation”. Based on the documents of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders, partisan reports, and other documents, as well as articles from the wartime periodical press, the author compares images of sexual violence with the practices of women’s everyday life under occupation. In the propaganda of the warring countries, the image of the abused female body was actively used to incite hatred of the enemy. Rape and the forcing of women under occupation to work in brothels were presented in this light. A comparison of propaganda images and specific facts of violence presented in official and ego-documents shows the existence of discrepancies between images and practices. While rape was fairly accurately portrayed in official texts, the problem of prostitution was less accurately reflected in reality. Individual women used their bodies as a means of survival and received various material benefits in return. The population did not perceive legal prostitution in the categories of propaganda and interpreted it as a betrayal. Although some decrees were passed during the war in both Germany and the USSR that treated violence against women as a crime, women were not recognised as victims in the Soviet public trials or at the Nuremberg Tribunal and did not receive compensation. During the transition to peace, the problem of sexual violence lost its pragmatic propaganda function and was excluded from the collective memory. Nevertheless, the increase in violence against women during the Second World War led to the adoption of the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Victims of War in 1949, which was ratified by the Soviet Union in 1954.
39
Bolotova, E. V. "Формирование образа советской женщины в 20–30‑е гг. XX в.(по материалам публикаций журнала «Работница»)." Вестник гуманитарного образования, no. 2 (December 25, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.18.021.
Full textAbstract:
The article uses a gender approach to the study of the new "Soviet man". It`s about the power of the Soviet model of women in national journalism of the 1920s – 1930s. Robert Stoller and Simone de Beauvoir are the founders of the gender approach. The works of E. R. Yarskaya‑Smirnova and N. L. Pushkareva are particularly important in modern Russian reality. The conceptual approaches of these authors became the methodological basis of the study. The author of the article believes that gender aspects of ideological images formed by agitation and propaganda in the 1920s and 1930s is needed to consider in more detail. In particular, the focus is the genesis and evolution of the “real Soviet woman” image in journal publications. Historical sources of this study is articles from the «Rabotnitsa» magazine from 1925 to 1935, one of the most popular periodical magazines of those time. This edition described in detail the topics related to the women`s life in the post‑revolutionary period, when the main elements of the Stalinist authoritarian system took shape, when cultural and stylistic features of the Soviet way of life were developed. The magazine discourse interpretation shows a Soviet woman is first of all a public woman in the good way: a delegate, a worker, a visitor of party rallys and libraries, a member of the party cell, i.e. active social individual, freed from oppression and prejudices of the past. She works to other people`s benefit who have made her feel like a human being and an important part of the Soviet society. Thus, Soviet authority sought to construct a cultural norm through magazine publications. It is this new cultural norm should established new gender norms within existing political regime. В статье используется гендерный подход к изучению нового «советского человека». Речь идет о властной модели советской женщины в отечественной журналистике 1920–1930‑х гг. Основоположниками гендерного подхода являются Роберт Столлер и Симона де Бовуар. В современной российской действительности среди авторов, работавших в области гендерных исследований, особое место занимают труды Е. Р. Ярской‑Смирновой и Н. Л. Пушкаревой. Концептуальные подходы данных авторов стали методологической основой исследования. Автор посвящает свою работу детальному рассмотрению гендерных аспектов идеологических образов, формировавшихся агитацией и пропагандой в 20–30‑е гг. ХХ в. В частности, акцент сделан на генезисе и эволюции образа «настоящей советской женщины» в журнальных публикациях. Историческими источниками для исследования послужили статьи в подшивках журнала «Работница» за период с 1925 по 1935 г., одного из самых массовых периодических журналов того времени. В этом издании подробно рассматривались темы, связанные с жизнью женщин в послереволюционное время, когда складывались основные элементы сталинской авторитарной системы, когда вырабатывались культурные и стилистические особенности советского образа жизни. Интерпретация журнального дискурса показывает, что советская женщина – это прежде всего публичная женщина в хорошем смысле этого слова: делегатка, работница, посетительница собраний и библиотек, член партийной ячейки, т. е. активный социальный индивид, освобожденный от угнетения и предрассудков прошлого. Она трудится на благо людей, которые помогли ей почувствовать себя «человеком» и важной частью коллектива. Таким образом, власть, через журнальные публикации, стремилась сконструировать культурную норму, следование которой устанавливало новый гендерный порядок в рамках существующего политического режима.