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Chakoshi, Negar. "The Effects of Revolution Upon the development of Women's Capabilities and Freedom : An Analysis of the Trilogy, The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins with a Special Focus on the Protagonist, Katniss Everdeen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och kultur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95902.
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The present essay is the evaluation of women’s conditions and gender equality in the novel, the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. Different conditions of women such as the political, physical, marital and financial are analyzed in Panem society before and after the revolution. It is also discussed, which aspects of women’s lives are improved and which aspects are left unchanged after the rebellion of the novel. How far may revolution and the political system be influential upon the development of women and the decrease in male domination in Panem, as an example of real communities? In the final process of analysis, the lack of meritocracy in Panem society is discussed as the result of gender discriminations or the essence of policy. There are also comparisons between Panem and Greece and their heroes. The result of this comparison is, discovering a fluctuation in values, morals and political thoughts from ancient times up to an unknown future. Katniss as the heroine and the ideal female of society is primarily analyzed in each part, and then the other female characters are explored, depending on their roles and importance in the different parts.
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Segal, Emily J. "Making Nobody Matter: Performance and Vision in Frances Burney's Evelina (1778) and Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games (2008)." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1861.
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The development of the novel cannot be separated from discussions about literary history, gender relations, performance, and the power literature has to instruct its audience. Women and young people have always comprised a substantial part of the novel’s readership, and this makes them powerful. The history of the novel is the history of dangerous literature; it is the history of works that have enchanted readers with “the power of example,” as Samuel Johnson wrote in the eighteenth century, that can lead them to change their behavior. This thesis explores how women in young adult literature—in the eighteenth century through Frances Burney’s Evelina (1778) and today through Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games (2008)—use performance and vision to reveal and resist the social systems that try to define them. Evelina and Katniss, the heroines of these novels, provide their readers with examples of behaving in ways different than the normative model. Their stories, and the young women who read their stories, threaten the established social order of their worlds. The creative addition to this thesis provides readers with another young heroine who uses her powers, in a fantastical world, to reveal and resist the structures in her life.
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Hartvik, Heidi. "Idealized Gendered Behaviors in The Hunger Games Trilogy by Suzanne Collins." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60246.
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Suzanne Collin’s trilogy The Hunger Games has become an international bestseller, and tells the story about Katniss Everdeen, a young citizen of District 12 in Panem. The object of this essay is to demonstrate that nurturing, being a warrior and pursuing beauty are the most idealized behaviors in The Hunger Games trilogy. By analyzing these behaviors from a gender perspective, based on the standpoint of Western society, I demonstrate how nurturing and pursuing beauty are feminine behaviors, and being a warrior is a masculine behavior. Furthermore, I outline how the characters’ behavior reflects their upbringings or the circumstances they are in. I conclude by considering what the popularity of Collins’s series indicates about contemporary perceptions of these behaviors, that are traditionally deemed as feminine or masculine in Western society. The result of the analysis indicates that the characters are being rewarded for both feminine and masculine behaviors. However, the characters showing a combination of both feminine and masculine traits gain more than the characters that possess either feminine or masculine qualities only. The contemporary views on femininity and masculinity are changing in Western society, and The Hunger Games trilogy gives us an indication about today’s view on the gendered behaviors in this essay.
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Seaborn, Pamela A. "Coaches' instruction provided to female ice hockey players during games." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9484.
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The interaction between coaches and their athletes has been investigated by researchers in sport pedagogy over the last 20 years (Pieron, 1994). The majority of these studies have used systematic observation techniques to gain insight into the behavior of coaches during games and/or practices. Although studies on coaches' behaviors have provided a portrait of how coaches intervene (e.g., Trudel & Cote, 1994), information on the subject matter being taught by coaches is relatively new. The importance of including the subject matter in the study of teaching was underlined by Shulman (1986). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the content of coaches' instruction provided to female ice hockey players (12-15 yrs.) during games. More specifically, the questions to be answered were: (a) What was the content of instruction? (b) When was the instruction given? and (c) How was the instruction communicated to the player(s)? A unique coding system was developed in order to answer these questions. Although the results revealed differences between cases, and even variability between games within the same case, many similarities emerged between coaches. The coaches in the present study referred to emphasize team tactics, over individual tactics, individual techniques, and rules. Many of the interventions by the coaches were short duration prompts, communicated while the play was in progress. The relatively low percentage of specific information given to players during games indicates that the coaches did not fully utilise opportunities arising in games to instruct players.
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Miller, Mary Catherine. "Restorying Dystopia: Exploring the Hunger Games Series Through U.S. Cultural Geographies, Identities, and Fan Response." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492434124077694.
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Selzer, Dominik. "Critical Thinkers through The Hunger Games : Working with Dystopian Fiction in the EFL Classroom." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65374.
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This essay gives examples of possible ways to inspire young adults to become politically more aware and active using dystopian fiction in the EFL classroom. First, an overview of the dystopian genre and different ways of using it in the EFL classroom to improve critical thinking skills will be given. Subsequently, different scenes from The Hunger Games will be analyzed to show how young adults can be inspired to be more aware of social and environmental justice and to act. Finally, it is discussed why literary material in a classroom must relate to a student’s personal life and why the relevance must be explained to a student to raise their interest. As a conclusion, it is claimed that it cannot be expected that all students care for the world, but showing them why they should and how they could do it is a first step.
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Nicholls, Sara. "Playing games with power and privilege: Subjugated knowledges and sport for development." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27779.
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In this thesis, I focus on Southern African peer educators' experiences in facilitating HIV/AIDS education activities within the Kicking AIDS Out network. By utilizing Foucault's (1975) conception of "subjugated knowledges," I work towards four main objectives. In chapter one, I aim to surface a sample of young people's subjugated knowledges pertaining to the "lack of evidence" discourse of sport for development. In chapter two, my objective was to understand better what tools peer educators need to be more effective in their HIV/AIDS education efforts in a sport environment. Chapter three suggests steps to encourage knowledge exchange on sport for development across geographical and cultural boundaries to further national HIV/AIDS education and health goals with Aboriginal communities. I meet my fourth objective, to provide recommendations to the Kicking AIDS Out network regarding the training and support needs of peer educators in a field report, which is not contained in this thesis.
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Eriksson, Emelie. ""You love me. Real or not real?" : En queer tematisk analys av relationer och sexualiteter i Suzanne Collins Hunger Games." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Genusvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191971.
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This thesis aims to highlight, analyse and problematize how sexualities and relationships are constructed as normative and deviant in the Hunger Games trilogy through the character Katniss Everdeen. With this analysis, the thesis aims to further elucidate the pluralism of meaning within literature as a contribution to the field of feminist cultural studies. Queer theory and queer temporality studies have been used to identify and discuss concepts such as the heterosexual matrix, monogamy and mononormativity, polyamory and other marginalized sexualities. A thematic queer reading serves as a methodological approach to the material to enable searching for queer themes in the series. The thesis shows how heterosexuality and monogamy are constructed and portrayed as normative and compulsory, where all other expressions of sexuality are presented as deviant and thereby can be view as different expressions of queer temporality.
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Perry, Allison. "Women and Video Games: Pigeonholing the Past." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/135.
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Academic work dealing with the overlap between video games and female representation is limited in both volume and proper research. Most texts agree on three supposed flaws with video games: they alienate female participants, there are no games for female players, and female players cannot relate to female characters. This thesis sheds light on these points, not only citing specific counter-examples, but also showing how many of these issues reflect on a larger societal problems.
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Wallén, Karin. "Systrar, spel och surrogater : En motiv- och karaktärsstudie av Katniss och Prims systerrelation i Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games-trilogi." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-152830.
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I denna uppsats undersöks hur systerrelationen mellan protagonisten Katniss Everdeen och hennes lillasyster Prim porträtteras i Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games-trilogi, bestående av The Hunger Games (2008), Catching Fire (2009) och Mockingjay (2010). Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska vilken funktion denna porträttering får för intrigen i sin helhet samt att se vilka föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt som blir synliga i relationen systrarna emellan. Som teoretisk grund används Sarah Annes Browns och Roberta Seelinger Trites skrifter om litterära systerskap. Undersökningen visar att Katniss relation till Prim är starkare än andra syskonrelationer inom trilogin och att detta bland annat beror på att Katniss ser det som sin största uppgift att ta hand om och skydda sin syster. Detta starka band är också avgörande för intrigen - Katniss beslut att ta Prims plats i Hungerspelen möjliggör resten av händelseförloppet. Det blir även tydligt att Katniss gärna ser på Prim som den behövande systern, men att båda egentligen är beroende av varandra. Systermotivet blir också synligt i Katniss relation till Rue från Distrikt 11. I relationen till systern Prim antar Katniss ofta manliga attribut och Prim beskrivs med typiska kvinnliga egenskaper, men det finns även gånger då dessa genusföreställningar rubbas.
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Mason, Frederick Daniel. ""Women play sports (just not as well)": Canadian newspapers' coverage of men's and women's sports at the 1999 Pan-American Games." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57139.pdf.
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Talero, Álvarez Paula. "WHY KATNISS EVERDEEN IS OUR FAVORITE FEMINIST – AN ANALYSIS OF THE HEROINE OF THE HUNGER GAMES FILM SAGA AND HER RECEPTION BY YOUNG FEMALE SPECTATORS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5583.
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THROUGH THE FIGURE OF FICTIONAL CHARACTER KATNISS EVERDEEN, THIS DISSERTATION STUDIES HOW THE FILM INDUSTRY SIMULTANEOUSLY ENTRENCHES AND DISRUPTS GENDER, SEXUAL, AND RACIAL NORMATIVITIES. THE PROJECT USES TEXTUAL ANALYSIS AND PARTICIPANT RESEARCH TO ANALYZE HOW THE FILMS AND NOVELS OF THE HUNGER GAMES SAGA ENCAPSULATE BOTH DOMINANT AND ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS RELATED TO FEMININITY, MASCULINITY, WOMANHOOD, AND MOTHERHOOD. IT ALSO EXPLORES IF AND HOW THE FEMALE HEROINE CAN BE READ AS FEMINIST AND PRODUCES A SENSE OF EMPOWERMENT. I CONCLUDE THAT ALTHOUGH THE INDUSTRY IS PRODUCING NEW MODELS OF WOMANHOOD THAT CHALLENGE TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES, IT STILL PERPETUATES ROMANTIC IDEALS AND IDEALIZES THE HETEROSEXUAL NUCLEAR FAMILY AS THE ULTIMATE PATH TO FULFILLMENT FOR WOMEN. THE RESULTS OF THE PARTICIPANT RESEARCH SHOW THAT WHILE YOUNG WOMEN ARE CRITICAL OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE SAGA, OVERALL THEY VALUE HAVING STRONG FEMALE CHARACTERS IN FICTION TO WHOM THEY CAN RELATE.
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Melendez, Elisa M. "For Those About to Rock: Gender Codes in the Rock Music Video Games Rock Band and Rocksmith." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3685.
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This dissertation explores gender codes within the intersection of two American pop culture staples, video games and rock music, by conducting a feminist analysis of two video games (Rock Band and Rocksmith). Both video games and rock music have had their share of feminist academic critique: Musicologists point out how lack of canonical inclusion, gendered attitudes towards instruments, and messages from supporting media create an unwelcome environment for women to pursue a rock music career. Game studies scholars have examined similar attitudes, including a lack of women represented in both the video games and the studios that create them.
Through a mix of creator and player interviews, participant observation, content analysis, and autoethnography, I look at the intersection of these two literatures (the rock music video game) to see how gender is hard-coded into the game, and what opportunities, if any, exist for subversion of societal and industry gender norms. Through not just looking at the game as text, I present a more “thick description” of a video game that takes into account the creators of the games, the players that play them, and a researcher that occupies multiple identities within the space. I argue that, in an effort to replicate an authentic rock musician experience in a video game, Rock Band and Rocksmith often replicate a lot of these gendered messages. The games’ text and set list emphasize a male-centric rock music canon. Rocksmith’s original whiskey-soaked visual design and marketing skew heavily towards an older male demographic. However, resistances to these codes exist in both the players who defy expectations by showing up to perform and compete, as well as the creators who actively work to make these games more inclusive via changes to future games as well as inclusive hiring practices, marketing, and music sourcing (with varying degrees of success).
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Palmström, Sofia. "Flickan som räddar världen. : En undersökning av flickan och makten i Hungerspelen och Engelsforstrilogin utifrån Foucaults teorier om makt." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35674.
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Through Close reading of the two trilogies The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and The Engelsfors trilogy by Sara Elf Bergsmark and Mats Strandberg this thesis aim is to examine the popular literary theme with a young girl who saves the world. This thesis approach this through Michel Foucault’s theories of both discourse theory and analysis of power. By using discourse theory this thesis first examines what it means to be a girl, in both the literary worlds and our own. The result shows that the girls have very different approaches to what it means to be a girl. What they do have in common is that they all relate to an understanding of a concept of the right way to be a girl, as if there was a blueprint version of the true girl. In the second part the girls approach to power and how they find ways to show resistance is studied. Foucault argues that power is a part of all human relationships and that power always is possible to change. By exanimating everyday life experiences where power and control is exercised, different ways in which the girls lives that were shaped by this power was revealed. The analysis show that the power influences their lives in even the smallest ways and affect what they say, their dreams and their thoughts. By becoming more aware of how their societies are constructed they find ways to fight back and show resistance. Collaborations between people of different background and class is an important element in both trilogies and through the girls commitment they become aware of how they can be a part of and lead their societies to change. In both books, the worlds the girls live in is changed for the better.
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Tärnrot, Anders. "Machomän och mammas pojkar : En studie om manlighetsroller och manligt samspel i Suzanne Collins ungdomsroman Hungerspelen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32679.
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This thesis aimed to analyze how men and masculinity were portrayed in The Hunger Games. I intended to investigate the most salient masculine characters. I also wanted to analyse the one-on-one interactions between men as well as their group interactions. I sought to investigate if one could see any power relations between the male characters and if they were traditionally masculine or not in this interaction, and also if this book could be used for discussions in the work with the core values of the Swedish national curriculum. The questions used in the thesis were: ”How are the men portrayed, and how do they act, compared against a traditional masculinity norm?”, ”What happens in the homosocial interaction between the men?”, and ”How do the men treat Katniss, seen from a masculinity perspective?” The theories used in the analysis were found within the field of masculinity studies. Hegemonic masculinity theory was the first one, and the second theory was the theoretical framework of traditional masculinity ideologies by Mahalik et al., specifically the measurement tool of CMNI – Conformity to Masculinity Norm Inventory. The method used to collect the data for the analysis was Close Reading. In the analysis I compared the men to a set of masculinity norms. The measurement tool was the norm inventory of CMNI. The results of the analysis found that at all the men in the study lived in accordance with at least some of the traditional masculinity norms. Out of the four men analysed, three of them had a gender equal relationship with the female lead character. Some men in the book were shown to act based on a patriarchal power structure. It was found that the men who acted in accordance with this structure were conforming more to the traditional masculity norms in their interaction with other men than in their interaction with women.
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Sand, Veronica. "Translation or rewriting of proper names : A study of children’s literature across a century." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102022.
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The translation of names is a topic for discussion within many fields, no less so within translation studies. Furthermore, the translation of proper names in children’s literature is a topic with on-going changes. There is a divide between those who believe that the names should be translated into proper cultural equivalent and those who believe it is time to have faith in children being able to handle foreign names. That is what this study will focus on. Approx. 15 names from seven children’s books from 1865 to 2011 were studied to conclude that there seems to be a greater faith in children’s ability to handle foreign names. Three languages were compared English, Spanish, and Swedish with the majority of the 337 names studied being kept in their original format, with spelling intact.Översättningen av namn är ett diskussionsämne inom många områden, inte minst inom översättningsstudier. Utöver detta är översättningen av egennamn inom barnlitteratur ett ämne som är under ständig förändring. Det finns en klyfta mellan de som menar att namn borde bli översatta till sin kulturella likvärdighet och de som menar att det är på tiden att lita på att barn kan hantera främmande namn. Det är denna diskussion som kommer vara fokus för denna uppsatsen. Ca. 15 namn från sju barnböcker från 1865 till 2011 studerades för att visa att det verkar finnas en större tilltro till barns förmåga att hantera främmande namn. Tre språk jämfördes, engelska, spanska och svenska. Var utav de 337 namnen som studerades var majoriteten oförändrade i översättningarna.
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Wang, Chih-Chung, and 王志忠. "In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Women's Handball Tournament Various Team Offense And DefenseTechnology Ability Quite Studies." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36257854535010535440.
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碩士臺北巿立體育學院
運動技術研究所
97
The purpose of this research lies comprehend that female handball in the world is in the difference of various factor of the attack activities and of the result currently, Offensive and defensive activity to analytical each item according to 42 games of 2008 Beijing Olympic game female handball match, with description statistics to analytical each item offensive and defensive the percentage of the activity, and by Pearson product and difference related to inquire each item offensive and defensive activity factor and result, again with multiple gradually regression establishment the match of the female handball various attack activities and result of regression equation, research result detection: 1、In the handball competition 12 attacks live moves related with score difference, The nine meters shoot, The quick attack shoot, The goal percentage, The average divides, The guards a gate the blocking rate, The guard a gate blocking section paper CC and the goal section paper and the score disparity has remarkable is being related, The correlation coefficient is situated between（.22-.66，p<.05）, This result expressed that the nine meters shoot, The quick attack shoot, The goal percentage, The average score, The guard a gate blocking rate, The blocking CC and The goal score rate higher its score is higher; The attack fault rate and assumes the remarkable inverse correlation (- .30*) this result to express that the attack fault rate more lowers its score to be higher. 2、In 12 kind of attack, “The average score”, “The guards a gate the blocking rate”, “The guard a gate blocks nine palace standard CC”, “The nine meters shoot” and “The seven meters shoot” are the positive numbers, This result expression offense and defense of activity Olympic Games female handball competition in “The average score”, “The guards a gate the blocking rate”, “The defend gate blocking section paper CC”, “The nine meters shoot” and “The seven meters shoot” a higher it to score points Vietnam High, the relative its team achieves the success the probability also relatively to promote.
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CHU, CHIU-EN, and 朱裘恩. "Offensive and Defensive Capabilities Analysis of Chinese Taipei women's beach handball─ Case studies of 2009, 2013 World Games─." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27y4kn.
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碩士國立臺灣體育運動大學
競技運動學系碩士班
104
The aim of this study is to understand the level of relevance between offensive and defensive capabilities in women’s beach handball games and their results. The samples were eleven female beach handball games during World Games in 2009 and 2013. Each of the games was filmed and all the offensive and defensive capabilities were coded into different categories. This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the percentage of every offensive and defensive capability, and one-way analysis of variance to analyze the divergence of every offensive and defensive capability. Pearson product-moment correlation is also used to analyze the relationship between every offensive and defensive capability and their results, and the multiple regression analysis is applied to build the regression formula of every offensive and defensive capability and their results. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1.Looking into the offensive and defensive capabilities of Chinese Taipei and its opposing teams in 2009 and 2013, the main scoring strategy was spin shot. During 0-5 minute of the first half, the two teams shot on goal the most; and during 11-15 minute of the second half, the opposing team scored more whereas Chinese Taipei scored most during 16-20 minute of the second half. B zone was the major scoring area. The opponent goalkeeper’s blocking was better in 2009 than in 2013. Chinese Taipei outperformed the opposing team in 2013. 2.In terms of the differences between offensive and defensive capabilities in 2009 and 2013, this study found the goalkeeper’s blocking ANOVA F value at 5.12, whose level of significance reached p<. 05. This shows that the blocking of Chinese Taipei’s goalkeeper in 2009 was significantly higher than in 2013. 3.Among the sixteen offensive and defensive capabilities, spin shot, 6-10 minute, 16-20 minute and B zone all have high degree of positive correlation with the total score. 4.Among sixteen offensive and defensive capabilities, five independent variables: B zone, spin shot, inflight, one pointer, goal scored by goalkeeper could efficiently predict the total score of the competition by 99%. Collinearity is not found within these independent invariables. The score gained in B zone has an explained variance of 75%, followed by spin shot with an explained variance of 17%.
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Sen-Fa, Chang, and 張森發. "STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY PATTERNS OF WOMEN'S DOUBLES SOFT TENNIS ON SCORING ~ FOCUS TO FIRST EIGHT RANKS IN WOMEN'S DOUBLES SOFT TENNIS GAME OF NATIONAL GAMES,96~." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64748357923936264249.
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碩士國立臺灣體育學院
體育研究所
96
The purpose of this research is to tvaluate the influence of the technical scoring, scoring and missing formation, and the line area on the ranking and the scoring of front and rear guard in female soft type tennis doubles match. The vidio record of first eight ranking teams in the women's doubles soft tennis on scoring focus to first eight ranks in women's doubles soft tennis game of national games, 2007 were collected. The data was analyzed with the statistic tools such as percentage, description statistics, T-Test, and single factor variance. The main findings are as below: 1. In 2007 National Athletic Games, female soft type tennis doubles match, the “forehand hitting” is the most effective scoring technique, accounting for a percentage of 37%. There were significant difference (p<.05) on the rear and front guard. “Receiving” takes 15% scoring, “Forehand Smashing”, 13%, and “Serving”, 11%. The scoring techniques for the first four places were different. The rear guard applied the strategies of “Forehand,” “Receiving”, “Serving”, and “Reserve”; however, the fore guard employed the techniques of “Forehand smashing”, “Forehand”, “Forehand Volley” and “Reverse Volley.” 2. On the Whole Scoring formation, the statistic data presented that “Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” takes 27% of 118 points; “Counter Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” takes 21% of 91 points; Double Bottom Line takes 16% out of 66 points; Right Straight Up-and Back Formation takes 11% out of 47 points, and Left Straight Up-and Back Formation takes 10% out of 44 points. The rear guards of the first four places scoring mainly on the “Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” taking 41points, a 25% share; “Counter Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” taking 39points, 24%; Double Bottom Line taking 66 points, 11%; and Left Straight Up-and Back Formation taking 17 points, 10%. These strategies decisively influenced the results. The fore guards of the first four places scoring mainly on the “Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” taking 44points, a 28% share; “Counter Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” taking 35 points, 22%; Double Bottom Line taking 35 points, 22%; and Left Straight Up-and Back Formation taking 13 points, 8%. These strategies decisively influenced the results. These tactics are very decisive to the rankings; therefore, the mutual interaction, communication, and cooperation of the partners are actually an important formation, which should be fostered in the training process. 3. As a whole, the main receiving lines of the front and rear guards were focused on the middle line of the 5th zone and the 8th zone, and the bottom line of the 7th zone. The whole lines were respective on : 1 area 4%, 2 area 2%, 3 area 2%, 4 area 12%, 5 area 20%, 6 area 11%, 7 area 15%, 8 area 17%, 9 area 11%, 10 area vanguards attack ball 6%. Receiving lines of the first four group concentrate in the 5th zone, the 8th zone, and the 7th zone. There was significant difference（p＜.05）on the serving zone of the first four places and the last four places. This presented a positive relation between ranking and the serving zone 4. The formation of losing points were mainly on the “Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation”, taking a 33% share with a 139 loses; “Counter Opposite angle Up-and Back Formation” taking 27%, 133 times. The losing percentage was 66%. Second was Right Straight Up-and Back Formation taking 14%; Left up and back formation, 14%, accounting for a total 88%. These four formations are the key to losing points. The opposite angle formation and the counter angle formation contribute to the most losing points, which is similar to the result of the formation to scoring. Collectively,to nin ant avvid losing point, these two formations were the most critical strategies.They play an important role on the winning.