Academic literature on the topic 'Women and agriculture'

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Journal articles on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Lakshmi, PRSM, and K. Santhi Sri. "Women involvement in Agriculture." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 8 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/169.

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Barker-Devine, Jenny. "Women in Agriculture." Annals of Iowa 77, no. 1 (2018): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.12463.

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Giarracca, Norma, and Miguel Teubal. "Women in Agriculture." Latin American Perspectives 35, no. 6 (2008): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x08325957.

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Flora, Cornelia B. "Women and agriculture." Agriculture and Human Values 2, no. 1 (1985): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01534986.

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Omvedt, Gail. "Women and sustainable agriculture." New Political Science 16, no. 1 (1995): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393149508429737.

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Tharani, Gopalakrishnan, Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther, and Nanthakumaran Ananthini. "Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 3, no. 3 (2016): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v3i3.15137.

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An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162
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Adawo, M. A. "Women in agriculture and appropriate technology in Nigeria." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (2001): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i1.2631.

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There is no doubt that agricultural growth in Nigeria has been on the decline. This is largely so because agricultural policies have a bias towards inappropriate technology, and fail to recognise women as the centrepiece in agriculture. The position taken in this paper is that women are in fact the pivot in Nigerian agriculture, and whatever technology is developed, should be in line with their needs. Such technology should involve a simple but mechanical form of weeding, the use of improved organic fertilizer and efficient methods of livestock husbandry.
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Kapsdorferová, Zuzana, Silvia Jacková, and Petronela Švikruhová. "The state and the share of rural women on the agricultural entrepreneurship activities in the Slovak republic." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (June 28, 2021): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1484.

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The economic empowerment of rural women in the recent development of agriculture through entrepreneurship is considered an important challenge. Rural women often manage complex households and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. Their activities typically include cultivation of crops, farming animals, processing and preparing food, working for wages in agricultural or other rural enterprises, collecting fuel and water, engaging in trade and marketing, caring for family members, and maintaining their homes. The research aimed to collect up-to-date data on Slovak rural women dealing with business in the field of agriculture, women's role and status in society in rural areas, on the farm, women's participation in education, training, and agricultural services. The main focus is dedicated to their share on the management of agricultural entities, land cultivation, employment of rural women and men, and their deal on the selected entrepreneurial activities of Slovak agriculture. Women doing business in agriculture dispose of with considerable knowledge and experience in the agricultural and food sectors. The realized research showed that the scale of farms managed by women is 325 hectares. Rural women in the surveyed group are taking care of about 2.5% of the total area of agricultural land in Slovakia and they are employing 2.40% of the working forces in the agricultural sector in Slovakia. According to our survey, rural women are under-represented in managerial and ownership positions of agricultural entities.
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Salem, Hilmi S. "Agriculture Status and Women’s Role in Agriculture Production and Rural Transformation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 58 (August 28, 2019): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.58.132.150.

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This paper focuses on the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), comprised of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, with respect to the status of agriculture and the role of Palestinian women in the agriculture sector, water management, and agricultural sustainability in rural areas in the OPT. Recent estimates indicate that 15.4% and 7.8% of the total employed are employed in the agriculture sector in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, respectively. Despite the fact that the contribution of the agriculture sector to the GDP has decreased to 3% only, this sector is still hosting until recently 7.5%–10.5%, on average, of the employed in the OPT. Palestinian women only compose 18% of the labor force, and a little bit more than one fifth of them (22%, which is equivalent to around 4% of the women’s labor force) contribute to the agricultural sector in the OPT. However, most of women’s labor in the informal sector remains hidden and, thus, their contribution to the agriculture sector in the form of home-based activities is much higher than what is officially reported. Over 30% of informal agricultural work is performed by women as part of their domestic responsibilities. In addition, Palestinian women work at home as well as in the field, contributing effectively to the agriculture sector (plant and animal production) and, thus, to sustainable development in the OPT. With respect to water resources, women in rural areas play a considerable role in making water available for domestic and agricultural use, either by bringing water from far distances or getting water from springs and domestic harvesting wells (cisterns). Despite the fact that the status of agriculture in the OPT is really bad and getting even worse, and despite the presence of economic, financial, and political hardships and challenges, Palestinian women have obviously contributed to the agricultural sector towards achieving sustainable development in their communities in the OPT’s rural areas.
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Patil, Jyoti M., Y. B. Shambharkar Y. B. Shambharkar, Suvarna A. Ingole, and S. N. Rajput S. N. Rajput. "Participation of Tribal Women in Decision Making in Agriculture." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (2012): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/45.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Liepins, Ruth. ""Women in agriculture" : a geography of Australian agricultural activism /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000215.

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Kingdon, Lorraine B. "Women: The Driving Force in African Agriculture." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295699.

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Fairchild, Ennea A. "Women in Agriculture: Living in a "Man's World"." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7609.

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Despite women’s involvement in agriculture, their contributions have been overlooked in society. Women make up at least a third of those involved in agriculture as farmers, landowners, and in agricultural faculty positions. These numbers do not appear to be decreasing. Although there are several agricultural roles, this study focuses primarily on those women who own agricultural land, but do not farm the land themselves. Rather, these women rent it out to a farmer who operates the land for them (women nonoperating landowners or WNOLs, in short). Previous research suggests these women may be facing considerable barriers as an agricultural landowner and several gaps exist in research. This dissertation contributes to this body of research through a series of three studies. I first begin by conducting an analysis of 361 photos posted on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) website and social media to determine how they are representing women in agriculture. In terms of the numbers of women portrayed, who is the focus of the photograph, and if women are portrayed in an agricultural role, the findings reveal that women are severely underrepresented in comparison to males. The second study compiles a series of interviews with WNOLs to understand power dynamics in terms of decision-making between the woman landowner and her farm operator, or renter (as they are referred to in this study). The findings reveal three groups of women: those who are begrudgingly yielding their power to their renter; those who share power mutually; and those who refuse to yield power. Each of these groups of women reveal the many experiences facing WNOLs today. In the third study, interviews are conducted with WNOLs and agricultural agency women staff, both of whom have been involved in participating in a unique outreach method. This method helps provide women opportunities to increase their human, social, and cultural capital through engagement with one another and learning about various agricultural practices. Both groups of women are asked about the barriers they perceive WNOLs to be facing, along with what aspects of the outreach they feel are most beneficial in addressing these barriers. Results from this study suggest that women face considerable barriers to ownership, both from feeling they lack knowledge and with issues in their renter relationship. However, the outreach methods prove to be a powerful tool that help these women connect with one another and increase their knowledge about agricultural practices. Overall, these three studies help to advance the research on women in agriculture.
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Buyambo, Ntombentsha. "An enabling environment for women agri-entrepreneurs in the Tsitsikama area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013755.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of every nation. Most countries depend on agriculture and other industries to survive. Economies around the world experience difficulties. There are many countries that have the potential to stimulate their economic growth through agriculture. The untapped resources have the potential of providing food, jobs and increased financial stability. Many countries utilise their agricultural sector to grow their economy. The growth of unemployment in South Africa has a big impact on our economy. This has caused an increase in poverty and unemployment (Ukpere & Slabbert, 2009). Women’s role in agriculture and food security is critical, but there is still lack of visibility regarding their participation and contribution in agriculture and development in general. This has led to two forms of agriculture in South Africa; so-called subsistence farming in the communal areas and white commercial farming (Kwa, 2001). Most emerging farmers are on communal land where they share decisions and ownership is unsecured, which discourages investment and limits productivity (Farmer's weekly, 2012). The main objective of the research was to determine if the women in the Tsitsikamma (Eastern Cape, South Africa), area have knowledge and strategies to manage their agribusiness in order to create an enabling environment and be competitive in their farming businesses. The qualitative method was used to answer questions in order to understand people’s perceptions, perspectives and understanding of particular situations. It is based on the belief that the researcher’s ability to interpret and make sense of what he or she sees is critical for an understanding of any social phenomenon. In seeking to create an enabling environment, a qualitative analysis investigated this particular situation. The sample consisted of 25 out of a possible 30 women in the agriculture industry. A structured questionnaire was used and interviews were conducted with women involved in agriculture regardless of owning a farm. This study was based in the farming industry, particular farm women who are interested or involved in agribusiness in the Tsitsikamma region. The results of the questionnaire revealed key findings, which enabled the researcher to draw meaningful conclusions and recommendations. The findings have suggested that the women farmers can overcome the identified constraints affecting the opportunities to grow their farming businesses. Further empirical results indicated that they do not have any strategies in running their farming businesses. The study also highlights areas in agribusiness that should be improved.
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Warnimont, Emily. "Women Agvocates' Approaches to Using Instagram." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557151318894675.

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Lloydlangston, Amber. ""Seminal women": Women in science in the Canadian federal Department of Agriculture, 1884 to 1921." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6259.

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As historian Marianne Ainley maintains in the introduction to Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women in Science, the way in which science is practised and institutionalized has an impact upon the careers of men and women. The purpose of this thesis then is to determine the type of science, and the ways of practising it, employed within the Canadian federal Department of Agriculture. What conscious and subconscious factors influenced the scientific and methodological choices of the leaders of the Department? How did this, in turn, influence the opportunities of women to become involved in science in the years 1884 to 1921? The thesis argues that the professionalization and bureaucratization of science in the Department of Agriculture created distinct opportunities for such involvement, but it also confined them to specific jobs deemed appropriate for their sex. Because the science that was first undertaken in the Department beginning in 1884 emerged from the natural history tradition, women first contributed as unpaid "amateur" observers, collectors, and correspondents. As science professionalized and bureaucratized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, the contributions of unpaid "amateurs" were no longer desired or needed. At this juncture, women were employed as paid assistants and members of the support staff As civil servants, women entered an organization that was undergoing a process of reform and bureaucratizing. As a result, women were subjected to hierarchical and lateral segregation. Women's employment in science in the federal Department of Agriculture followed this pattern. Employed to undertake technical work in seed analysis and scientific work in botany, chemistry, and librarianship in the Department, women were confined to 'women's work' in science. They performed tasks which were undervalued, underpaid, and offered little or no opportunity for advancement, and were, therefore, rejected by men. Over the almost forty year period covered in this thesis, in both peace and war, the work of women followed this pattern. Satisfying the demands generated by the professionalization and bureaucratization of science as well as the reform and bureaucratization of the federal civil service, women were a pivotal part of the scientific workforce of the Canadian federal Department of Agriculture from 1884 to 1921.
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Shayo, Asha. "Socio-Cultural Practices That Impact Women Farmers' Land Ownership: A Case of Sukuma Women in Tanzania." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73160.

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In Tanzania women, farmers are main producers of agricultural food products, yet they don't have legal ownership of land. Customary practices often require women to access land through their husbands, fathers, brothers, or other men who control the land. Men as the heads of household, control everything including the type of crops to cultivate and the price. The fact that women farmers do not have legal ownership of land makes them vulnerable and decreases agricultural productivity. When women lose their connection to this male relative, either through death, divorce or migration, they can lose their land, home, and means of supporting themselves and their families. In the Sukuma tribe, the subject of this case study, many women do not have knowledge about their rights. Instead, they believe what they are told by their elders according to their culture. In the Sukuma society men are the heads of the household and women have no say in any decision about any family matter. The Sukuma tribe are still very conservative and continue to practice harmful traditions that affect agricultural production and the economy. This study used qualitative interviews, observations, note-taking and artifacts method to determine how cultural practices impact Sukuma women farmers land ownership. The findings show that large proportion of both men and women in the Sukuma society still lacks formal education, and is ignorant about their rights. Many believe in their subjective norms which are derived from beliefs about what their elders, traditional leaders, and ancestors (because these are the people they trust) say or think the person should do and the individual's motivation to comply with their wishes. Recommendations are made to put emphasis on education both formal and informal for both women and men so as to understand human rights and to change their behavior and perceptions about women farmers' rights to resources. The Sukuma tribe has many clans with different cultural practices, therefore generalization should be made very carefully. More research should be conducted to identify the differences for easy planning and implementing land programs and strategies in Sukuma communities and Tanzania as a whole.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Tauatsoala, Mahlola Michael. "The economic impact of agricultural co-operatives on women in the rural areas of Polokwane Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/500.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011
The introduction and establishment of co-operatives by the State was for purposes of fighting and alleviating poverty through creating jobs, particularly in the rural areas,which were mostly neglected by the previous apartheid State. In order to deal with these social ills and malady, the new democratic government introduced cooperatives to mitigate these challenges. These good intensions are often countered by lack of commitment by State officials and reluctance from other institutions to assist co-operatives to be catalysts in fighting poverty and unemployment in South Africa, despite their noble intentions. In other developed countries, co-operatives are given serious attention, not only because they are catalysts in poverty alleviation, but because they can make huge economic interventions with regard to economic growth and economic development. The intention of this study was to make an assessment of whether or not agricultural co-operatives have any economic impact on women in the rural areas of Polokwane Municipality, since their inception as entities for local economic development. The study also assesses whether or not the State supports these entities in a variety of forms. For this purpose, four co-operatives have been used as a Case Study,namely, Mashashane Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mashashane; Phegelelo Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Thaba village; Mothiba Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mothiba; and Itireleng Agricultural Co-operative at Matamanyane village in Moletjie
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Tame, Faith Jabulile Nomfundiso. "Women and co-operatives." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20615.

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In this study, “Women and Cooperatives”, the researcher was interested in finding out whether women cooperatives contributed towards development of women and poverty reduction in Sarah Baartman District Municipality between 2004 and 2014. The study was conducted with three cooperatives situated in Makana Local Municipality, Sarah Baartman District Municipality and Eastern Cape Province. The cooperatives studied focused on sewing, poultry and agriculture. The study was explorative in nature as it was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of women cooperatives in empowering women, the effectiveness of women cooperatives in reducing poverty and to make recommendations regarding what can be done to address the challenges identified in the study. The qualitative research method was applied when conducting this study. Eight respondents from each cooperative were willing to take part and this led to a total of twenty-four respondents who participated. The questions asked were based on the interview schedule developed by the researcher. The results of the study and the recommendations indicated that more commitment from the government is required and the following key aspects should be taken into account when considering a development program: Infrastructure, Availability of funding, Access to resources, Skills development, Provision of basic services.
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Akman, Geraldine. "Both sides now : gender relations in credit and agriculture cooperatives in rural Haiti." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39563.

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This dissertation applies the theoretical perspective of gender relations and develops methods to understand and analyze the movement of women from the center of social systems to its margins when these systems are undergoing rapid socio-economic and political change. This research responded to the pressing need for the application of newer, more appropriate theoretical and methodological perspectives to examine shifting power relations between women and men in areas undergoing transformation. In the case study, I investigate the locus of power in a system of cooperatives in the Departement du Nord, Haiti and discover how and why female members are being relegated to the periphery of this development programme. I find that a system of gender-based social power is causing unequal opportunities and oppressive power relations for female members in the cooperatives. I analyze how and why this system of social power causes conflict when the interests of female and male members differ in the cooperatives and I explore strategies for change. This dissertation also contributes to a greater understanding of the power dynamics which exist when one group holds different preferences and practices to the dominant group whose framework is the one considered acceptable in the society.
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Books on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Sethi, Raj Mohini. Women in agriculture. Rawat Publications, 1991.

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Sharma, Promila. Women in hill agriculture. Concept Pub. Co., 2010.

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Dwyer, Grainne. Women; access to agriculture. Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 2001.

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Alston, Margaret. Leading women in agriculture. Centre for Rural Social Research, Charles Sturt University, 1998.

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author, Ogale Nalini joint, and Singh Sucheta joint author, eds. Women in hill agriculture. Concept Pub. Co., 2010.

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Sofi, Shabir Ahmad, 1968- author, ed. Kashmiri women in agriculture. Jaykay Books, 2014.

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Hamrita, Takoi Khemais, ed. Women in Precision Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49244-1.

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Waghmare, Sevakram K. Tribal women in agriculture. Metropolitan, 1989.

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Warnken, Philip F. Agricultural policies of Yemen: Implications for women in agriculture. University of Missouri-Columbia, 1989.

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Warnken, Philip F. Agricultural policies of Guatemala: Implications for women in agriculture. University of Missouri--Columbia, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Stratton, Amy, and Courtney M. Gallaher. "Women in Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_579-1.

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Stratton, Amy, and Courtney M. Gallaher. "Women in Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_579.

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Gidarakou, Isabella, Eleni Dimopoulou, Rania Lagogianni, and Spyridoula Sotiropoulou. "Young Women and Agriculture." In Regional Analysis and Policy. Physica-Verlag HD, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2086-7_18.

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Otomo, Yukiko, and Masae Tsutsumi. "Agriculture: From Farm Women to Women Farmers." In Japanese Women in Leadership. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36304-8_11.

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Sweetman, Caroline. "Prelims - Women, Land and Agriculture." In Women, Land and Agriculture. Oxfam Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855988791.000.

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Izumi, Kaori, Shoba Arun, Cecilia Sardenberg, et al. "1. Women, Land and Agriculture." In Women, Land and Agriculture. Oxfam Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855988791.001.

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Stites, Elizabeth. "9. Afghan women, Afghan livelihoods." In Reconstructing Agriculture in Afghanistan. Practical Action Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445731.009.

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Hamrita, Takoi Khemais, Kaelyn Deal, Selyna Gant, and Haley Selsor. "Precision Agriculture: An Overview of the Field and Women’s Contributions to It." In Women in Precision Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49244-1_1.

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Hay, Rachel. "The Impact of Advances and Challenges of Bush Internet Connectivity for Women in Agriculture in Queensland, Australia." In Women in Precision Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49244-1_10.

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Zhang, Man, Ning Wang, and Liping Chen. "Sensing Technologies and Automation for Precision Agriculture." In Women in Precision Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49244-1_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Yücel, Mustafa, Yaşar Aktaş, and Neslişah Taner. "What are the New Functions of Agriculture Cooperatives in the Progress of Globalization? The Case of Agriculture Cooperatives of Kastamonu." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01231.

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While production and markets have been becoming more integrated since barriers to the international trade reduced, capital movements and the speed of spreading of technology increased with the progress of globalization, issues regarding to agriculture, environment, women, employment, and education became more critical. In this research, “by which functions and missions can agricultural cooperatives sustain their assets under globalized conditions” is the major research question. In the research, 19 cooperatives were chosen among 308 cooperatives, depending on their distance to Kastamonu, foundation year, and the amount of member. Subjects were determined by their traits and occupations. 164 subjects were interviewed via survey questions in 2014-2015. In research, “The situation-specific approach” model, developed by Hartmut Albrecht was applied. Because of the progress of change in organizational values, agriculture cooperatives have to undertake new functions in addition to maintaining agricultural production. The functions can be classified into 4 categories as socio-economic (taking local goods to international markets, recording incomes in the agriculture sector, and creating new employment positions to reduce migration to urban), international relations (developing new projects toward internationalizing to collaborate with other cooperatives), planning (making long-term strategic plans), and education (training women in rural areas, and obtaining their collaboration in cooperative campaigns, and educating future's cooperative managers).
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Shewale, Mitali V., and Rohin Daruwala. "Leaf Disease Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.4.

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Agriculture is a major domain that contributes a lot for building up the country’s Economy; contributing to the GDP area synthesis of 17.9%. India stands second in production of agricultural products. Promising technologies such as Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Deep learning, Artificial neural networks contributes towards the most effective and reliable solutions by providing the most feasible solutions in making of different domain modernization through automation in monitoring and maintenance of agricultural fields with minimum human intervention. This paper presents a convolutional neural network based customized VGG framework and a lightweight architecture for the classification of tomato leaves affected with various diseases. Experimental analysis is performed on publically available PlantVillage dataset. After rigorous experiment we fined tuned the CNN model to obtain mAP of 83.33%.
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S, Sahu, and Lenka C. "Occupational Health Hazards of Women in Agriculture - A Study on Bargarh District of Odisha." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1004.

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The woman is the backbone of the agricultural workforce but worldwide, her hard work has mostly been unpaid. The objective of the study was to find the common occupational health hazards in women agricultural workers and their effects and to find out the protective measures used by agricultural workers for the prevention of occupational health hazards. The present study was based on 110 samples of three villages of Bhatli Block in Bargarh District in the period of 2018-2019. The results revealed that physical hazards such as body pain (86.36%) and fatigues (83.63%) were most common in all agricultural activities. The majority of respondents (77.24%) had mechanical hazards, i.e. injury occur due to farm tools and machinery. Chemical hazards like skin problems affected 39.09% of workers, and environmental hazards such as air-borne allergies (32.72%), poisonous organism bites (21.81%) were found common among the respondents, and no association was found between their socio-economic levels in the relevance of occupational health hazard. The agricultural workers were usually careless towards the prevention of occupational hazards.
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Sulaimanova, Burulcha, and Daniyar Jasoolov. "The Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02039.

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More than two third of total population of Kyrgyzstan are living in rural areas, and the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan employs nearly the half of labor force and have export oriented output production with over than 384 thousand peasant farms. The share of employed women in agriculture compromised the 44 % of total agricultural labor force. However the low economic efficiency and competitiveness of farmers in regional market, market imperfections in agriculture impedes the economic growth of this sector. This research aims to investigate gender gap in agricultural productivity among farm entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan. The agricultural labor productivity gap decomposed by various types of market imperfections, and empirically estimated by “Life in Kyrgyzstan” survey data for 2013 year.
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Amaechina, E. C., E. C. Nwagbo, and E. C. Eboh. "Men and Women in Irrigated Agriculture in Southeastern Nigeria." In Water Resource Management. ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.686-054.

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Khan, Nadeem Ahmad, Arun Khosla, and Parampreet Singh. "Geospatially Enabled Serious Gaming for Decision Support in Agroforestry System: A Conceptual Study." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.55.

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Natural resources are in a constant state of depletion. The main reason being over exploitation of these resources and not contributing to their replenishment. To deal with these challenges, ecologists, leaders and experts have recommended the adoption of an agroforestry agriculture system. Agroforestry is more sustainable agricultural method that provides a long term vision to combat food insecurity. In spite of agroforestry being very useful, still individuals can not foresee it’s advantages. Serious games can motivate people in agroforestry scenarios and involve users in high interaction. GIS is a tool that can help in decision of proper location for agroforestry depending upon past data or information available. This paper defines a conceptual study for serious game to dynamically create 3D real-world agro-forestry environments. The serious games aim to provide visualization, intuitive management, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological and economic data to help participants for the decision support in agroforestry systems.
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Kumar, Sanjay, Naveen Kumar, and Rakesh Kumar Saini. "Energy-Saving Sensors for Precision Agriculture in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review." In 2019 Women Institute of Technology Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WITCON ECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/witconece48374.2019.9092890.

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Sopamena, Junianita Fridianova, and August Ernst Pattiselanno. "Tnyafar: Women, Livelihoods Strategy Based on Agroforestry (Case Study in Selaru Island, Tanimbar Island District)." In 5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200325.004.

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Sribhavani, S., H. Sunitha, and B. Subhiksha. "Providing a friendly e-health care environment to rural women during preganncyand child growth." In 2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiar.2017.8273718.

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Lemarchand, Clémentine, Séverine Tual, Mathilde Boulanger, et al. "O14-4 Breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women in the agriculture & cancer cohort." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.73.

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Reports on the topic "Women and agriculture"

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Owens, Emily, Catherine Black, and Charles Freeman. Pre-purchase satisfaction of work shirts worn by women in agriculture. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-306.

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Pearl-Martinez, Rebecca. Financing Women Farmers: The need to increase and redirect agriculture and climate adaptation resources. Oxfam, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.0889.

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Setboonsarng, Sununtar, and Elsbeth Gregorio. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals through Organic Agriculture: Empowering Poor Women to Build the Future. Asian Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps179123-2.

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Takeshima, Hiroyuki, Kamiljon T. Akramov, Allen Park, Jarilkasin Ilyasov, and Tanzila Ergasheva. Agriculture-nutrition linkages, cooking-time, intra-household equality among women and children: Evidence from Tajikistan. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133485.

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Roberts, Tony, and Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.
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Beintema, Nienke M. The role of women in agricultural research. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133951.

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Monica Cooper, Monica Cooper. How can women be successfully integrated into agricultural teams? Experiment, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/8072.

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Bolton, Laura. The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Colombia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.073.

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Available data provide a picture for the macro-economy of Colombia, agriculture, and infrastructure. Recent data on trends on public procurement were difficult to find within the scope of this rapid review. In 2020, macro-level employment figures show a large drop between February and April when COVID-19 lockdown measures were first introduced, followed by a gradual upward trend. In December 2020, the employment rate was 4.09 percentage points lower than the employment rate in December 2019. Macro-level figures from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) show that a higher percentage of men experienced job losses than women in November 2020. However, the evidence presented by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia based on the DANE great integrated house survey shows that a higher proportion of all jobs lost were lost by women in the second quarter. It may be that the imbalance shifted over time, but it is not possible to directly compare the data. Evidence suggests that women were disproportionately more burdened by home activities due to the closure of schools and childcare. There is also a suggestion that women who have lost out where jobs able to function during lockdowns with technology are more likely to be held by men. Literature also shows that women have lower levels of technology literacy. There is a lack of reliable data for understanding the economic impacts of COVID-19 for people living with disabilities. A report on the COVID-19 response and disability for the Latin America region recommends improving collaboration between policymakers and non-governmental organisations. Younger people experienced greater job losses. Data for November 2020 show 3.3 percent of the population aged under 25 lost their job compared to 1.8 percent of those employed between 24 and 54. Agriculture, livestock, and fishing increased by 2.8% in 2020 compared to 2019. And the sector as a whole grew 3.4% between the third and fourth quarters of 2020. In terms of sector differences, construction was harder hit by the initial mobility restrictions than agriculture. Construction contracted by 30.5% in the second quarter of 2020. It is making a relatively healthy recovery with reports that 84% of projects being reactivated following return to work. The President of the Colombian Chamber of Construction predicting an 8.4% growth in the construction of housing and other buildings in 2021.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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AbuMezied, Asmaa, and Rahhal Rahhal. Towards a Gender-Sensitive Private Sector in the OPT. Oxfam, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7338.

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This learning paper describes Oxfam's experience of conducting a Participatory Gender Audit with private sector companies in the agriculture sector in the OPT. It highlights issues such as women’s limited access to the labor market, their weak representation both as staff and as decision makers, the absence of gender-sensitive working conditions and policies, and a lack of consideration for women as customers and suppliers. The paper looks at the approach used when conducting the audits and the challenges around their implementation. It provides ideas and learning on how to successfully manage the audits so that companies are willing to buy in to the process and are supported to adopt gender-sensitive policies.
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