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Wejbert-Wąsiewicz, Ewelina Izabela. "Feminizm w polskiej literaturze kobiet." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 15, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2017.15.2.97.
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<p>Przedmiotem rozważań dla niniejszego szkicu są przede wszystkim wątki feministyczne obecne w polskiej literaturze kobiet. Tekst podejmuje refleksję dotyczącą następujących kwestii: czy istnieje zjawisko literatury feministycznej w Polsce; czy wątki feministyczne są charakterystyczne tylko dla sztuki kobiet; jakie feminizmy obecne są w literaturze kobiet? Socjologiczna badania pokazują, iż w Polsce feminizm nie zyskuje aprobaty społecznej nawet wśród kobiet doświadczającyh nierówności płciowych. Ciagle pokutuje negowanie pozytywnej roli feminizmu, zakorzeniiła sie silnie postawa antyfeministyczna mająca żróło w braku wiedzy, streotypach odnośnie do ruchu kobiet. Ewa Malinowska wiele lat temu argumentowała, że ruch feministyczny w Polsce jest działaniem jednostek a nie kolektywnej pracy aktorów społecznych. Rodzimych korzeni literatury związanej z femiznimem upartuje się <em>Entuzjstkach</em> Narcyzy Żmichowskiej. Skupione wokół tego ruchu pisarki angażowały się w polityczną i edukacyjną działalność. Po okresie I wojny światowej, wraz z zyskaniem praw do głosowania i edukacji rodzima literatura kobiet zaatakowała zerwaniem wielu społecznych, obyczajowych tabu, w tym seksulanych, np. ciąża, macierzyństwo, aborcja, małżeństwo (G. Zapolska, Z. Nalkowska, M. Kuncewiczowa, P. Gojawiczyńska, I. Krzywicka, A. Gruszecka, H. Boguszewska and many others).Druga wojna światowa i póżniejszy PRL przysłoniły idee feministyczne, ważne tematy i problemy dla kobiet. Sytuacja uległa zmiane po 1989 roku wraz z debiutami pisarek nie tylko opisujących doświadczenia kobiece ale także otwarcie declarującycmi sympatię do feminizmu w wywiadach (np. Manuela Gretkowska, Izabela Filipiak, Olga Tokarczuk, Natasza Goerke). Współczesne literatura nie jest ofensywna, pisarki nie walczą i nie deklarują otwarcie femistycznej postawy, wartości.</p><p><strong>Feminism in Polish Women’s Literature</strong></p>SUMMARY<p>The subject of discussion in this sketch is first of all feminist themes present in Polish women’s literature. The text considers the following questions: whether the phenomenon of feminist literature exists in Poland; whether feminist themes are characteristic only of women’s art; what feminisms are present in women’s literature? Sociological studies show that feminism is not socially approved even among women who experience gender inequalities. The denial of the positive role of feminism still persists, and there is a deeprooted antifeminist attitude stemming from ignorance and stereotypes. Many years ago Ewa Malinowska argued that the feminist movement in Poland consisted in the activity of individuals rather than the collective work of social activists. The native roots of literature associated with feminism are sought in Narcyza Żmichowska’s Enthusiasts (Entuzjastki) group. The women writers participating in this movement were involved in political and educational activities. After World War One, after women were granted voting rights and right to education, women’s literature in Poland touched on many social and moral taboos, including sexual, such as pregnancy, maternity, abortion, or marriage (G. Zapolska, Z. Nałkowska, M. Kuncewiczowa, P. Gojawiczyńska, I. Krzywicka, A. Gruszecka, H. Boguszewska, and others). World War Two and the period of People’s Poland pushed feminist ideas and women’s important problems and subjects into the deep background. The situation changed after 1989 with the debuts of women writers who not only described female experiences but also openly declared their sympathies towards feminism in interviews (e.g. Manuela Gretkowska, Izabela Filipiak, Olga Tokarczuk, and Natasza Goerke). Contemporary literature is not aggressive, however: women writers do not fi ght and do not openly espouse feminist attitudes and values.</p>
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Deshmukh, Dr Nivedita. "Feminism in Selected Women Saint Literature in Maharashtra." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/46.
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Widati, Sri. "Feminisme dalam Sastra Jawa Sebuah Gambaran Dinamika Sosial." ATAVISME 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v12i1.160.83-96.
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Artikel ini bertujuan membahas feminisme dalam sastra Jawa, salah satu sastra etnis di Indonesia yang masih eksis sampai saat ini. Sebelum kemunculan pengarang perempuan, perempuan dalam sastra Jawa ditulis oleh pengarang laki-laki sehingga mereka dideskripsikan sebagai makhluk tak berdaya dan setia pada pria, bukan sebagai sosok atau figur yang kuat. Baru tahun 1917-an, dengan munculnya pengarang perempuan muda dari Yogya dan Surabaya, persepsi feminisme dalam sastra Jawa berubah. Dalam karya-karyanya, mereka mendemonstrasikan solidaritas terhadap perempuan yang menjadi korban ketidaksetaraan gender. Saat ini, sastra Jawa feminis ditulis baik oleh pengarang perempuan maupun laki-laki. Pengarang perempuan menyuguhkan sebuah konsep feminisme yang mengarah pada kesetaraan gender, sementara pengarang laki- laki berusaha untuk membela perempuan tertindas dengan cara laki-laki
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This article is aimed to discuss feminism in Javanese literature, one of the ethnical literatures in Indonesia which still exist up till now. Prior to the emergence of female authors, women in the Javanese literature had been written by male authors so that they had been described as being submissive and loyal to men instead of an image or figure of strong ones. Not until 1917s, by the emergence of young female authors from Yogya and Surabaya, did the perception of feminism in Javanese literature change. In the works, they have demonstrated solidarity to women who became the victims of gender inequality. At the present time, feminist Javanese literatures are written by either female or male author. Female authors present a feminism concept which leads to gender equality, whereas male authors make an effort to defend oppressed women by manly methods.
Keywords: feminist, Javanese literature, gender equality, female authors
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Shuddhodhan P. Kamble. "Repression and Resistance in Dalit Feminist Literature." Creative Launcher 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.3.16.
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Feminist movements and Dalit feminist movement in India are mainly based on the experience of Repression and gender discrimination. Patriarchy, gender disparity and sexual violence are the basic reasons for these movements and they also find place prominently in the writings of Dalit women as they have come forward to write their experiences from women's point of view around 1980s. Baby Kamble, Urmila Pawar in Marathi, Geeta Nagabhushan in Kannada, P. Shivakami, Bama in Tamil have got national level consideration. Dalit women were raped; insulted and abused by the upper caste people. They are insecure in the society as they have been exploited on the various levels. This feeling of insecurity of the Dalit women is the central theme of their writings. These women writers have come forward to express their ideas, their experiences in social violence as well as in domestic violence and thus they protest their traditional existence with anger and anguish. Geeta Nagabhushan’s dalit novels, Barna’s Sangati (2005), P. Shivakani's Grip of Change (2006) are initial important writings of dalit feminism; Datit feminism writing is different from the conventional way of Feminist writing. Their experiences, expression, method of narration are extremely different from the upper caste women writers. It is found that every woman in the world has been degraded to second grade citizenship. The Dalit women in India suffer more due to their Dalit identity.
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Trevisan, Gabriela Simonetti. "A mulher e a arte: a criação feminina nas palavras de Júlia Lopes de Almeida." Revista PHILIA | Filosofia, Literatura & Arte 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2596-0911.103861.
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Este artigo tem como foco uma análise do texto “A mulher e a arte” (sem data), da escritora carioca Júlia Lopes de Almeida (1862-1934). Este escrito, recém-publicado na íntegra pela primeira vez, em revista acadêmica, constitui uma conferência da autora na qual ela expõe suas opiniões sobre o tema da arte de autoria feminina, tecendo uma série de críticas de cunho feminista à desigualdade entre os gêneros no espaço da criação artística. Em seu texto, a literata cita diversos nomes de artistas e intelectuais mulheres, de modo a sustentar seu argumento em defesa da potência criativa feminina e assinalar a importância da transformação da cultura patriarcal. Assim, a partir do olhar historiográfico e embasados pela epistemologia feminista, buscamos ressaltar a conferência como fundamental para o estudo da escrita de autoria feminina e feminista no Brasil entre os séculos XIX e XX.Palavras-chave: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. Literatura. Feminismo. AbstractThis article focuses on an analysis of the text “The woman and the art” (undated), by the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida (1862-1934), from Rio de Janeiro. This writing, recently published in full for the first time, constitutes a conference in which the author exposes her opinions on the theme of art of female authorship, weaving a series of feminist criticisms of the inequality between genders in the space of artistic creation. In her text, Júlia lists several names of artists and women intellectuals, in order to support her argument in defense of the feminine creative power and point out the importance of the transformation of patriarchal culture. Thus, from the historiographic perspective and based on feminist epistemology, we seek to emphasize the conference as fundamental for the study of female and feminist writing feminists in Brazil between the 19th and 20th centuries.Keywords: Júlia Lopes de Almeida. Literature. Feminism.
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Retno M, Laura Andri, and Khotibul Umam. "Dukuhseti Pati in Literature and Social Reality: A Perception About Women." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207027.
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Prostitution is a phenomenon in people's lives and is considered a "social problem". The condition of women as objects also appears in literary works, as a reflection of the perception of their society. Therefore, studies are needed in the perspective of feminism, especially radical feminists to explore the issue of prostitution that occurs in women. Feminist Literary Critical Approach is carried out in this study with the type of qualitative research. Data were collected from female sex worker informants and formal figures with in-depth interview techniques and field data observations.
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T, Kavitha. "Feminine construction in Yatchi Short Story." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (April 24, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s11.
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‘Feminism’ has emerged in the Western Countries as a political concept concerned with the welfare of women. Over time the literature evolved into a theory of understanding the depictions of women that women create. Some approaches are needed to understand a theory. Thus, to access literature in a feminist perspective, Vijayalakshmi.T in her article identified nine types of Feminist attitudes. This article aims to explore how the first of these approaches “Feminine Construction” is found in Jeyamohan`s Short story “Yatchi”.
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Bazin, Nancy Topping. "Feminism in the Literature of African Women." Black Scholar 20, no. 3-4 (January 1989): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1989.11412933.
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Tjong, Cendrawaty. "Feminism and the Literature of Pramoedya Ananta Toer." Lingua Cultura 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v7i1.414.
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Feminism refers to the social ideological trends that women ask for equal rights as well as the results of ideology when women know the world, the ego, and the sexual relationship in their process of seeking self-liberation. This paper starts with describing the periods in which Indonesian women acknowledged and was associated with western feminism as well as analyzing its period of development. This paper aims at researching the feminism idelology of Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a leading Indonesian writer, including the factors which affect his opinion on women and the expression of his feminism, which is richly displayed throughout his works. The finding of this research shows that in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s perspective, equality between men and women is manifested in the partnership between men and women, that this partnership is applied in every aspect of lives, which is advanced-throught in Indonesian’s patriarchal society.
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Du Plessis, J. W., and D. H. Steenberg. "Uit die oogpunt van ’n vrou? Perspektief op feministiese literêre kritiek in die kader van die Airikaanse prosa." Literator 12, no. 3 (May 6, 1991): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v12i3.781.
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Feminists feel that in literary criticism not enough consideration is given to feminism as an ideology in the production of texts. According to them, existing literary criticism is strongly man-centred. This is especially true of the practice of South African literary criticism. Although feminism does not have at its disposal a formulated feminist literary criticism, a great deal of research has been done in this direction abroad. This is especially the case in Europe and America. Feminist literary critics apply themselves to the representation of the woman in works by male authors and an analysis of feminine experience in the production of texts by women. This article is an exploration of the Anglo-American and French approaches in feminist literary criticism. An attempt is made to formulate the aims of a possible South African feminist literary criticism in order that not only the general norms, but also the feminist codes in the production of a text, speak towards the final interpretation of a work.
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A, Muniyandi. "Ethics of women in archival literatures." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt20310.
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From the earliest times to this period, Tamil literature has been the primary source of literature. Archival literature is unique in the History of Tamil literature. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the ethics of women in these archival literatures. Through this article, we are aware of the fact that women have become the best in the world of morality and the need to promote feminism.
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Naidoo, Salachi. "Re-thinking the feminist agenda in selected female authored Zimbabwean literature." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 2 (2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i2.51.
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This article investigates the feminist agenda in female authored Zimbabwean literature, with emphasis on the novel. It focuses largely on Virginia Phiri's Destiny and Highway Queen as well as Violet Masilo's The African Tea Cosy. The paper argues that Zimbabwean female authorship is flavoured with precepts of African feminism(s) in its representations of African women's agency in gender adversities. Framed within African feminism, women's agency derives from and gives meaning to an inescapable African-ness that needs to be accepted in the fight for emancipation. In light of this, the study analyses Zimbabwean women writers’ literary contributions to discourses on gender based violence and it explores how female characters have embraced the concept of agency to recreate their identities and to introduce a new gender ethos in the context of lives that are often shaped by severe restrictions and oppression. Although largely women focused, the African feminist text is concerned about the survival of both men and women.
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Booth, Marilyn, and Miriam Cooke. "Women Claim Islam: Creating Islamic Feminism through Literature." World Literature Today 76, no. 2 (2002): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157516.
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Dubinina, K. "FEMINISM IN THE BRITISH LITERATURE OF THE END OF XIX-th – BEGINNING OF XX-th CENTURIES; ITS MANIFESTATION FEATURES IN UKRAINIAN LITERATURE (comparative analysis based on the examples from Virginia Wolf and Lesya Ukrayinka works)." Current issues of linguistics and translation studies, no. 19 (October 30, 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2019-19-14.
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The article goes through the problem of British and Ukrainian feminism nature in the literature of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries basing on comparative, historical, cultural, philosophic and biographical research methods; determining the phenomenon’s peculiarities within both cultural paradigms. It is determined and proven that the feminism as a phenomenon is a principle which determines society’s spiritual development, the epoch maturity and allows one to see historical traditions as well as mentality of nations and countries. So for the most distinct problem’s outline and its peculiarities definition we have analyzed works by Virginia Wolf as a bright representative of the feminist literature and works by Lesya Ukrayinka as one of the most progressive writers of her time. It is determined and proven that features and peculiarities of feminism in British and Ukrainian literatures of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries are: they both were developing under the influence of similar social and cultural tendencies which proves common spiritual space, nations’ and cultures’ dialogue; nature of British and Ukrainian feminism differs in the historical conditions under which the phenomenon appeared (in the UK a woman was traditionally limited in her rights, her behavior was strictly dictated by the social tradition, her fate was foreseen by the unequal laws, whereas in Ukraine a woman had a right for education, was eligible to receive inheritance, she lived in a more flexible mental and cultural surrounding); feminism and its ideas in British and Ukrainian literatures are quite different in their manifestation rate, its position aggression (in British literature the problem is strictly outlined, dissatisfaction is expressed, feminism postulates and propaganda are present; though in Ukrainian literature there isn’t any special accentuation on the problem, rather a strong woman depiction is obvious); to describe British literature of the end of XIX-th – beginning of XX-th centuries it is appropriate to use the strongest definition – Feminist movement, with its manifests and strong presence in literature, whereas in Ukrainian literature having a quite strong position of a woman in society being outlined it’s more appropriate to use determinations like feminist ideas, feminist philosophy.
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Tripathi Sharma, Dr Shreeja. "Towards a ‘Vedic Feminine Renaissance’." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i11.10872.
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The sense of justice and equity towards women is considered among the best indicators that reflect the socio-cultural development of a civilisation. The position and status of women, as reflected in literature naturally serves as a test to gauge the sensibilities and cultivation of each associated age. It is matter of general agreement that the feminine ideals of womanhood during the early Vedic age remain exalted and exemplary. The Vedic narratives elevate the ephemeral spirit of womanhood, which progressively lost its sheen in successive stages.
While the contemporary feminine polemics consistently unravel unhackneyed theories, generic in nature, we are lacking in such an orientation which targets specifics of local, regional and traditional culture. Feminists in India are no exception, and have largely adopted the theories of Feminism emanating from the discourse of the West. The Indian Vedic repository contains instances which testify the epitome of womanhood at its best. However, the Indian ethos of feminism imbedded firmly in the Vedic roots remain largely inaccessible in the contemporary feministic theory. The need for adapting ‘global feminism’ to the ‘classical Indian taste’ remains an unobserved concern.
This paper explores the possibilities inherent in the study of classical mythic literature and their potential for stimulating ‘local theories’ of feminism in India through a study of selected feminine ideals present in the early Vedic narratives. Can study of ancient Vedic literature inspire a reawakening in Indian feminism, just as the study of classical Greek literature did for the West during Renaissance in Europe - is a question, this paper seeks to address.
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Hassan, Ahmad Muhyuddin, Zulkiflee Haron, and Mansoureh Ebrahimi. "Islamic Feminism from A Liberal Muslim Perspective." UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies 7, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/umran2020.7n3.368.
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The challenge addressed herein are impacts from feminism on Muslims in particular. The authors discuss this based on an understanding of the position of women in the west vis-à-vis variegated Muslim societies. Some believe that Islamic feminism obtains full sovereignty for women and thus gel with western rejection of male chauvinism and dominance with arguments straight from the Quran. Liberal Muslim feminists believe a woman must be given equal considerations in various circumstances to include inheritance rights, legal testimony and so forth. Based on hermeneutic interpretations, socio-historical analysis and relativism, Muslim feminists believe the Quran needs a robust dusting and reinterpretation that allow socio-historical reconsiderations for this worthy cause. Since Muslim societies embrace Islam and its prevailing patriarchal culture, it is difficult to accept the concept of Islamic feminism. This paper investigates feminism from a liberal muslim perspective. A literature review provides a thematic analysis that refers to emerging trends in gender issues. Findings reveal that ideas and practices regarding rights and freedom seek to enhance the status of women. The discussion solely focuses on historical and contextual analysis to realize the expanding potential of feminism’s path to freedom of choice in the Islamic context.
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Malotra-Gaudet, Lauren. "A critical look at the terms feminism, Feminism, and womanism and the applicability, or not, of each in conversation with Toni Morrison’s First and Last Novels The Bluest Eye and Home." Journal of Student Research 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v4i2.235.
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For the purpose of this paper lower-case-f feminism is used as the umbrella term for the organized activity in support of women's rights and interests founded in the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. Hegemonic Feminism, aka Radical Feminism, has historically left out women who face issues alongside oppression based on gender, namely women of colour. Capital-F Feminism represents this hegemonic Feminism. Alice Walker’s womanism creates a type of feminism specifically for black women and women of colour. In this paper I explore and contrast three different types of feminism, hegemonic “Feminism” and “womanism”, to show how Toni Morrison’s first and last novels The Bluest Eye and Home are definitely womanist texts but are not necessarily considered feminist under the constraints of hegemonic Feminism. I look at the differences between the three terms to show how these novels can and do slip through the cracks and are not labeled as “feminist” texts because they do not comply with “Feminism.” Through plot and character examples I show how these novels are womanist, and because of that they are not able to be considered examples of Feminist texts and are therefore not regarded as canonical Feminist literature, though they do exemplify feminist principles, themes and ideals.
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Nehere, Kalpana. "The Feminist Views: A Review." Feminist Research 1, no. 1 (June 2016): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.16010101.
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The first wave of feminism emphasised on women’s emancipation and equality, whereas the second wave focused on female oppressions and struggled for their liberation. The third wave stressed the individual empowerment. 1) The Marxist feminism confined to united struggle for women’s rights. 2) The socialist feminism exposed the gender aspects of welfare state. 3) The liberal feminists struggled for the empowerment and public participation of women, 4)The individual feminism aimed at personal abilities of woman, 5) The career feminism inspired women to free in the ‘World of Men’, 6) The global feminism insisted the boundary breaking activities for women’s empowerment and reorder the rules, 7) The radical feminists bounded to entire change in social structure for equality, 8) The lesbian feminists denied the need of men for existence of women, 9) The black feminists struggled for equality within the races and Dalit within castes, 10) The womanism supported the self-identity and -respect, 11) The cultural feminists and literature explained the cultural roots of discriminations and exploitations of women, 12) The eco-feminists focused on environmental aspects and resources related to women. However, 13) The existentialists are conscious about interdependence. The feministic analyses are active, challenging and important for social welfare.
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Amaefula, Rowland Chukwuemeka. "African Feminisms: Paradigms, Problems and Prospects." Feminismo/s, no. 37 (January 21, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.37.12.
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African feminisms comprise the differing brands of equalist theories and efforts geared towards enhancing the condition of woman. However, the meaning and application of the word ‘feminism’ poses several problems for African women writers and critics many of whom distance themselves from the movement. Their indifference stems from the anti-men/anti-religion status accorded feminism in recent times. Thus, several women writers have sought to re-theorize feminism in a manner that fittingly captures their socio-cultural beliefs, leading to multiple feminisms in African literature. This study critically analyzes the mainstream theories of feminisms in Africa with a view to unravelling the contradictions inherent in the ongoing efforts at conceptualizing African feminisms. The paper further argues for workable ways of practicing African feminisms to serve practical benefits for African man and woman, and to also function as an appropriate tool for assessing works by literary writers in Nigeria in particular and Africa in general.
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Shobana, H., and M. Kumar. "Feminist Ideology in Lakshmi Novels." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3868.
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Feminism is a political concept centered on the welfare of women. A political position demanding equality, liberation and justice for women. This political concept cannot be used as a theory for literary study unless it is transformed into a literary study approach. Feminist literary theory is art. In the literature the woman is portrayed as very vulnerable, consumerist, emaciated and exposed to them as opposed to being identified as a tool to fulfill her sexual needs. The aim of feminist literary theory can be to find in social literature the social factors that contribute to the status of today’s woman of inequality and freedom.
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HAMZA REGUIG MOURO, Wassila. "From Feminization of Fiction to Feminine Metafiction in Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters and Woolf’s Orlando." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol4no4.13.
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Feminism developed and widened its scope to different disciplines such as literature, history, and sociology. It is associated with various other schools and theories like Marxism and poststructuralism, as well. In the field of literature, feminist literary criticism managed to throw away the dust that cumulated on women’s writing and succeeded in raising interest in those forgotten female artists. Some critics in the field of feminism claim that there are no separate spheres, masculine and feminine, whereas others have opted for post-feminist thinking. Some women writers used metafiction to write literary criticism. Therefore, how do Gaskell and Woolf implement metafiction in their stories? Accordingly, this work aims at shedding light on Wives and Daughters by Gaskell and Orlando by Woolf to tackle metafiction from a feminist perspective. Examples from both novels about intertextuality, narration, and other aspects, that are part of metafiction, will be provided to illustrate how and where metafiction is used.
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Sonntag, Mira. "Christian Feminism in Japan." Journal of Religion in Japan 4, no. 2-3 (2015): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-00402008.
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By analyzing video interviews with proponents of Christian feminism, as well as literature stemming from their movement in Japan, this article explores the contemporary approaches of Japanese women to theology and practical faith. While tracing their discourses over the last sixty years, the article focuses on the existing variety of perspectives, as well as on the problems that have emerged from the intentional embrace of multiple voices. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, I identify “majoritarian” tendencies in these feminist approaches. However, the sources used here also show that Christian feminism in Japan has considerable potential for “becoming-minoritarian.” Furthermore, I argue that the situation of Christian feminism differs from those of feminist movements in the major religions of Japan in so far as Christian feminists comprise a sub-minority of a religious minority that naturally needs to reach out to other minority groups, both within and outside Christian feminism. At the same time, these attempts at outreach tend to provoke criticism from fellow Christian believers, reinforcing the marginalization of Christian feminism in Japan.
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Peng, Niya, Tianyuan Yu, and Albert Mills. "Feminist thinking in late seventh-century China." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-12-2012-0112.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer novel insights into: knowledge of proto-feminism through description and analysis of the rule of the seventh century female Emperor Wu Zetian; postcolonial theory by revealing the existence and proto-feminist activities of a non-western female leader; and the literature on gender and invisibility through a study of a leading figure that is relatively unknown to western feminists and is even, in feminist terms, something of a neglected figure. Design/methodology/approach – In order to examine Wu’s proto-feminist practices as recorded in historical materials, we use critical hermeneutics as a tool for textual interpretation, through the following four stages: choosing texts from historical records and writings of Wu; analyzing the historical sociocultural context; analyzing the relationship between the text and the context; and offering a conceptual framework as a richer explanation. Findings – Wu’s life activities demonstrate proto-feminism in late seventh century China in at least four aspects: gender equality in sexuality, in social status, in politics, and women’s pursuit of power and leadership. Research limitations/implications – Future research may dig into the paradox of Wu’s proto-feminist practices, the relationship between organizational power and feminism/proto-feminism, and the ways in which Wu’s activities differ from other powerful women across cultures, etc. Practical implications – The study encourages a rethink of women and leadership style in non-western thought. Social implications – The study supports Calás and Smircich’s 2005 call for greater understanding of feminist thought outside of western thought and a move to transglobal feminism. Originality/value – This study recovers long lost stories of women leadership that are “invisible” in many ways in the historical narratives, and contributes to postcolonial feminism by revealing the existence of indigenous proto-feminist practice in China long before western-based feminism and postcolonial feminism emerged.
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Santos, Andréia Teixeira dos, and Marizete Lucini. "Educational practices and knowledge constituted in the political training processes of black activists: a literature review." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE SPREADING 2, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): e12356. http://dx.doi.org/10.20952/jrks2112356.
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This text undertakes a bibliographic survey of academic discussions involving the trajectories of black women activists. Historically, black women have challenged institutional powers, facing racism and sexism, while oppressions crystallized in society. One of the strategies to face oppression is the movement of black women, in the form of organizations that fight within an intersectional perspective. We understand that Black Feminism plays a leading role in the action of educating, highlighting its pedagogical role in the dissemination of knowledge, in addition to its political role throughout Brazilian history. Black feminism highlights the specificity of the feminine that aggregates struggles and processes experienced by black women. We hope, with this text, to present reflections that problematize black women's movements, showing the complexity of concepts related to educational practices and knowledge constituted in political formation processes of black women activists, based on research registered in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES.
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Wulandari, Anastasia Dewi, and Lina Meilinawati Rahayu. "KONSTRUKSI GENDER DALAM NOVEL UTSUKUSHISA TO KANASHIMI TO KARYA YASUNARI KAWABATA (Gender Construction in Yasunari Kawabata’s Utsukushisa To Kanashimi To)." METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2015.v8i2.179-192.
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Novel Utsukushisa to Kanashimi to merupakan sebuah karya Yasunari Kawabata yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1969. Penelitian diawali dengan menganalisis apa saja bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dialami Otoko dalam lingkup patriarki dengan menggunakan teori kritik sastra feminis. Kritik sastra feminis merupakan salah satu disiplin ilmu yang menekankan penelitian sastra dengan perspektif feminis. Hal yang penting dalam analisis kritik sastra feminis adalah bagaimana perempuan ditampilkan, bagaimana suatu teks membahas relasi gender serta apa saja ide-ide feminis yang terdapat dalam cerita. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Otoko mengalami beberapa ketidakadilan gender. Bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender tersebut antara lain marjinalisasi, subordinasi, stereotipe, dan kekerasan seksual. Sementara itu, ide-ide feminis yang terkandung dalam cerita adalah kemandirian seorang perempuan dalam lingkup budaya patriarki.Utsukushisa to Kanashimi to novel was written by Yasunari kawabata, published 1969. This research followed by the analysis of gender construction Otoko within patriarchy environment. Feminist literature critism is a discourse emphasizing on how literature should be done through feminist perpektive. The important things of feminist literature critism are how the women are described, how a text could be related to gender, and any feminist ideas depicted in the story. The result of this research prove that Otoko faces gender construction such as marginalization, subordinations, sterotyping and sexual violences. Meanwhile, the ideas of feminism in the story are about a woman’s independence.
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Jaime, Karen. "Patricia Herrera. Nuyorican Feminist Performance: From the Café to Hip Hop Theater." Modern Drama 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.64.3.br3.
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Patricia Herrera fills a void in scholarship on the Nuyorican Poets Café. Her focus on women performers ( performeras) and their writing and performance challenges these artists’ marginalization and erasure, while the Nuyorican feminist aesthetic she proposes, as situated within intersectional feminism, underscores the work’s critical intervention in feminist performance theory.
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Gallop, Jane. ""Women" in Spurs and Nineties Feminism." Diacritics 25, no. 2 (1995): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/465149.
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Liggins, Emma. "New woman fiction: women writing first-wave feminism." Women's Writing 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080000200423.
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Batool, Syeda. "Historicizing Feminism in Pakistan." Feminist Research 4, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.20200201.
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This paper is historisization of feminism/feminist movement in Pakistan which has been influenced by national and global rearrangement of power, nationalism, dictatorship, democracy and the War on Terror (WoT). It presents the evolution and transformation of feminism in Pakistan since its inception; also gives an overview of the issues, challenges and achievements of the feminism and how it has evolved to its recent form passing through over seven decades of its journey. It also tries to address the question, where it goes from here, whether the feminist movement expands its scope, or shrivels into little niche pockets of identity-based resistance, is a question for the future. The article heavily relies on desk review of literature produced on feminism in Pakistan. Additionally, a qualitative research was carried out to explore subjectivities, realities, and opinions of women who have been part of feminist movement through in-depth interviews. The second part of in depth interviews included opponents of feminism both men and women belonging to religious right. A purposive and judgement sample was selected keeping in mind the research questions as well as consideration of research resources available. In-depth interviews method of inquiry of Feminist Research Methodology (FRM) was utilised to gain insights and opinions of preselected research participants.
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Khachibabyan, Mane. "Modernism and Feminism Representations of Women in Modernist Art and Literature." WISDOM 1, no. 6 (July 1, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v1i6.71.
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This article demonstrates the place and role of the image of women in modernist art and literature, mainly focusing on Impressionism and Post-impressionism. It discusses the unique works of modernist painters and writers (Marie Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Pablo Picasso and Virginia Woolf) to explore how modernist art and literature both defined, reflected and shaped gender roles. The article discourses on the representations of feminist views and gender inequality in the works of some modernist artists.
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Dr. Shriya Goyal, Ms Bharti,. "Women Writers in India: Tracing Feminism." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 5493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2965.
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From pre-Independence period to the contemporary times, women’s voice is gradually being heard and gaining momentum. It is hoped as well as expected that women would soon become a prominent voice making a mark in the society. Their point of view along with their decision making authority will have a definite and constructive impact on the society. This can be inferred from the literature by various Indian women writers such as Pandita Ramabai, Ismat Chughtai, Kamala Das and Shashi Deshpande. As we move from one decade to another entering the 21st century, we observe how women have been able to break the cocoon of domesticity, marking their presence in various socio-political spheres which have been usually dominated by men. Women have sought their space for expression and voicing opinion through literature. Depicting the oppression and discrimination faced in the patriarchal setup of Indian society, the women writers have pointed at the need for equality in practice as well as representation. The article will provide a discussion regarding Feminism in India, analysing each period or phase along with a women writer.
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Mukherjee, Sayan. "Dark Portrayal of Gender: A Post-colonial Feminist Reflection of Bapsi Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride and The Ice-candy Man." History Research Journal 5, no. 5 (September 26, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/hrj.v5i5.7919.
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The portrayals of women by fiction writers of Indian sub-continent can be seen in the context of postcolonial feminism. Sidhwa’s novels may be a part of postcolonial fiction, which is fiction produced mostly in the former British colonies. As Bill Ashcroft suggests in The Empire Writes Back, the literatures produced in these areas are mostly a reaction against the negative portrayals of the local culture by the literatures produced in these areas are mostly a reaction against the negative portrayals of the local culture by the colonizers. About the role of postcolonial literature with respect to feminism, Ashcroft writes, “Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writings and through other arts such as paintings sculpture, music, and dance that today realities experienced by the colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential.” Indian sub-continent fiction is the continuation and extension of the fiction produced under the colonial rulers in undivided India. As such it has inherited all the pros and cons of the fiction in India before the end of colonial rule in Indo-Pak. Feminism has been one part of this larger body of literature. Sidhwa has portrayed the lives of Pakistani women in dark shades under the imposing role of religious, social, and economic parameters. These roles presented in The Pakistani Bride and The Ice-Candy Man are partly traditional and partly modern – the realities women face.
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Green, Laura. "Rethinking Inadequacy: Constance Maynard and Victorian Autobiography." Victorian Literature and Culture 47, no. 3 (2019): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150319000111.
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In 1881 two women who were to become part of the history of Victorian feminism met: Constance Maynard (1849–1935), graduate of one of the first cohorts of women to enter Girton College and founder in 1882 of Westfield College for Women, and Bessie Rayner Parkes Belloc (1829–1925), friend of Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and the “Langham Place” group of feminists, and former editor of the feminist English Women's Journal. In 1873 Maynard became the first woman in England to receive a degree in “moral sciences,” from Girton, and subsequently worked for six years as a headmistress and schoolmistress at two groundbreaking girls' schools, Cheltenham Ladies' College and the new St. Leonard's School in Scotland. When she met Belloc, she was living in London with her brother, taking art classes at the Slade School, and beginning discussions that would lead to the foundation of Westfield College, formed as an explicitly Evangelical-identified parallel to ecumenical Girton and also as the first college to prepare women for the examinations and degrees offered by the University of London.
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Stapleton, Katina. "Glamour: Women, History, Feminism." Journal of Popular Culture 44, no. 1 (February 2011): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00826_6.x.
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Makombe, Rodwell. "Images of woman and the search for happiness in Cynthia Jele's Happiness is a four letter word." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 55, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i1.1552.
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Over the years, African ‘feminist’ scholars have expressed reservations about embracing feminism as an analytical framework for theorizing issues that affect African women. This is particularly because in many African societies, feminism has been perceived as a negative influence that seeks to tear the cultural fabric and value systems of African communities. Some scholars such as Clenora Hudson-Weems, Chikenje Ogunyemi, Tiamoyo Karenga and Chimbuko Tembo contend that feminism as developed by Western scholars is incapable of addressing context-specific concerns of African women. As a result, they developed womanism as an alternative framework for analysing the realities of women in African cultures. Womanism is premised on the view that African women need an Afrocentric theory that can adequately deal with their specific struggles. Drawing from ideas that have been developed by womanist scholars, this article critically interrogates the portrayal of women in Cynthia Jele’s Happiness is a four-letter word (2010), with particular focus on the choices that they make in love relationships, marriage and motherhood. My argument is that Jele’s text affirms the womanist view that African women exist within a specific cultural context that shapes their needs, aspirations and choices in a different way.
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Pertiwi, Entang Mega. "WOMEN’S EXISTENCE IN SIBEL ERASLAN’S HAJAR (A Feminism Study)." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.171.7.
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AbstractThis study was aimed to study and explain women’s existence and Sibel Eraslan’s Hajar novel structure based on feminism literature. This is a qualitative research using content analysis method. The findings in this study include; (1) the building element structure contained in Hajar covering theme, characterization, plot, and background; (2) women’s images in Hajar which includes both physical and non-physical images; (3) women’s roles in Hajar which correspondents domestic and public roles. The existence theory used to study Hajar was Kiekegaard’s existence theory which defines images and roles. The theory was used to analyze the efforts undertaken by women against oppression. The results of this study are expected to be useful in the process of learning language and literature, especially in feminism studies, as to improve learners and readers’ ability in understanding literary works.Keywords: women, existence, feminism, novel.
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Barnett, Louise K. "Yellow Women and Leslie Marmon Silko's Feminism." Studies in American Indian Literatures 17, no. 2 (2005): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ail.2005.0041.
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Nasri, Daratullaila. "KETIDAKADILAN GENDER TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL PADUSI KARYA KA’BATI." Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.31503/madah.v7i2.431.
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This thesis is a feminism criticism to a literature created by women. Related to the feminism criticism, the thesis is in the purpose to discover any kind of gender injustices to women in literatures. The injustices happened to women and written by women in Padusi novel are obviously different from literatures written by men. In order to discover the injustices, descriptive analysis method was used for this thesis. The injustices discovered in Padusi novel are: women subordination, negative stereotype to women, and the burden of double job. Gender injustice caused by patriarchy system in society. This patriarchy system is not only being applied by men only, but also by women. Matrilineal system cannot prevent the injustice. If literature (novel) is considered as a reflection of society, then Padusi novel which taking Minangkabau custom as its background that profess matrilineal system has reflected it.AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan kritik sastra fiminis terhadap karya sastra yang diciptakan oleh perempuan. Berkaitan dengan kritik sastra feminis tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh perempuan dalam karya sastra. Ketidakadilan gender yang dialami perempuan dan ditulis oleh perempuan dalam novel Padusi tersebut tentu berbeda dengan karya sastra yang diciptakan laki-laki. Untuk mengungkapkan ketidakadilan gender, tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Ketidakadilan gender dalam novel Padusi tersebut ditemukan dalam bentuk subordinasi perempuan, stereotipe negatif terhadap perempuan, dan beban kerja ganda. Ketidakadilan gender tersebut disebabkan budaya patriarki yang sudah melekat dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Budaya patriarki tidak saja diperankan kaum laki-laki, tetapi juga dimainkan oleh perempuan. Sistem kekerabatan matrilineal tidak menjamin tidak terjadinya ketidakadilan gender. Jika karya sastra (novel) dianggap sebagai cermin masyarakat, novel Padusi berlatarkan kebudayaan Minangkabau —menganut sistem kekerabatan matrilineal—telah merefleksikan hal tersebut.
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Nasri, Daratullaila. "KETIDAKADILAN GENDER TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL PADUSI KARYA KA’BATI." Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/madah.v7i2.431.
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This thesis is a feminism criticism to a literature created by women. Related to the feminism criticism, the thesis is in the purpose to discover any kind of gender injustices to women in literatures. The injustices happened to women and written by women in Padusi novel are obviously different from literatures written by men. In order to discover the injustices, descriptive analysis method was used for this thesis. The injustices discovered in Padusi novel are: women subordination, negative stereotype to women, and the burden of double job. Gender injustice caused by patriarchy system in society. This patriarchy system is not only being applied by men only, but also by women. Matrilineal system cannot prevent the injustice. If literature (novel) is considered as a reflection of society, then Padusi novel which taking Minangkabau custom as its background that profess matrilineal system has reflected it. Abstrak Tulisan ini merupakan kritik sastra fiminis terhadap karya sastra yang diciptakan oleh perempuan. Berkaitan dengan kritik sastra feminis tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh perempuan dalam karya sastra. Ketidakadilan gender yang dialami perempuan dan ditulis oleh perempuan dalam novel Padusi tersebut tentu berbeda dengan karya sastra yang diciptakan laki-laki. Untuk mengungkapkan ketidakadilan gender, tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Ketidakadilan gender dalam novel Padusi tersebut ditemukan dalam bentuk subordinasi perempuan, stereotipe negatif terhadap perempuan, dan beban kerja ganda. Ketidakadilan gender tersebut disebabkan budaya patriarki yang sudah melekat dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Budaya patriarki tidak saja diperankan kaum laki-laki, tetapi juga dimainkan oleh perempuan. Sistem kekerabatan matrilineal tidak menjamin tidak terjadinya ketidakadilan gender. Jika karya sastra (novel) dianggap sebagai cermin masyarakat, novel Padusi berlatarkan kebudayaan Minangkabau —menganut sistem kekerabatan matrilineal—telah merefleksikan hal tersebut.
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Fantone, Laura. "Precarious Changes: Gender and Generational Politics in Contemporary Italy." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (September 2007): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400357.
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The issue of a generational exchange in Italian feminism has been crucial over the last decade. Current struggles over precariousness have revived issues previously raised by feminists of the 1970s, recalling how old forms of instability and precarious employment are still present in Italy. This essay starts from the assumption that precariousness is a constitutive aspect of many young Italian women's lives, young Italian feminist scholars have been discussing the effects of such precarity on their generation. This article analyses the literature produced by political groups of young scholars interested in gender and feminism connected to debates on labour and power in contemporary Italy. One of the most successful strategies that younger feminists have used to gain visibility has involved entering current debates on precariousness, thus forcing a connection with the larger Italian labour movement. In doing so, this new wave of feminism has destabilized the universalism assumed by the 1970s generation. By pointing to a necessary generational change, younger feminists have been able to mark their own specificity and point to exploitative power dynamics within feminist groups, as well as in the family and in the workplace without being dismissed. In such a layered context, many young feminists argue that precariousness is a life condition, not just the effect of job market flexibility and not solely negative. The literature produced by young feminists addresses the current strategies engineered to make ‘their’ precarious life more sustainable. This essay analyses such strategies in the light of contemporary Italian politics. The main conclusion is that younger Italian women's experience requires new strategies and tools for struggle, considering that the visibility of women as political subjects is still quite minimal. Female precariousness can be seen as a fruitful starting point for a dialogue across differences, addressing gender and reproduction, immigration, work and social welfare at the same time.
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Kinahan, Anne-Marie. "Women Who Run from the Wolves: Feminist Critique as Post-Feminism." Canadian Review of American Studies 31, no. 2 (January 2001): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras-s031-02-03.
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Ibanga, Grace Itoro. "Feminism and human rights in Utoh-Ezeajugh’s Our Wives Have Gone Mad Again and Femi Osofisan’s Yungba-Yungba and the Dance Contest." EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 7, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2020): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejotmas.v7i1-2.11.
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This paper examines the concept of feminism and human rights as captured in Tracie Utoh-Ezeajugh’s Our Wives Have Gone Mad Again and Femi Osofisan’s Yungba-Yungba and the Dance Contest. Feminism is a reaction by the womenfolk to societal misrepresentation whereby patriarchy classifies women as docile, passive, men-haters, witches, etc. Feminism is the clamouring of women’s rights on the platform of equality of sexes. It is an intellectual or political movement with a driving force for the recognition of the legal claims of women to their rights as are available in their societies; which are predominately enjoyed by men alone. Feminism purposes to investigate the nature of gender inequality. The term “gender” is an aspect of the collective unconscious of a complex human experience. It is an archetypal element that demands rituals, sex, aggression, social status gender affects power and authority. It is unsurprising; therefore, that patriarchy employs power and authority to dominate over women. This is because men believe they are the lords umpiring over the use of woman. And that is why feminism portrays women’s and men’s social functions, challenges, experience, interest and feminist politics in different fields of study as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, home economics, literature and education.
Keywords: Feminism, Human rights, Sexual objectification, Patriarchy, Womenfolk
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Bracke, Astrid. "Feminist Ecocriticism: Women, Environment, and Literature." English Studies 96, no. 4 (February 26, 2015): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2014.998042.
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Talattof, Kamran. "Iranian Women's Literature: From Pre-Revolutionary Social Discourse to Post-Revolutionary Feminism." International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 4 (November 1997): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800065193.
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The literary works produced by Iranian women writers after the 1979 revolution, despite their diversity in artistic value and quality of narrative, commonly manifest a remarkable sensitivity toward women's issues and gender relations. The overall theme tying these works together seems to be the problematic of gender hierarchy and women's suffering expressed in a figurative language, transcending the extant male-dominated literary discourse. In these works, women's personal and private experiences become public. Their narratives articulate their protests against sexual oppression and reflect their struggle for identity. This phenomenon is noteworthy not simply because this is a literature produced by women about women, but also because this body of work displays a contrast with the literary works produced by women in the decades preceding the revolution. Pre-revolutionary works, under the sway of the dominant literary discourse, did not give rise to a feminist literary movement, for they emphasized sociopolitical issues more than specific gender issues. To be sure, there were themes related to women, but they were often presented in the context of socially conscious yet male-dominated committed literature. Women's literary paradigms before and after the revolution thus represent different literary discourses, and the Iranian Revolution of 1979 appears to be the major historical event that separates these two discourses and may well be responsible for the shift. In a strict sense, gender is socially constituted, and gender issues are in fact a type of social issue.
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Kumar Padhi, Dr Prasanta. "The Rise of Feminism and the Growth of Black American Women Literature." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 7 (2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-19743842.
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Negra, Diane. "Claiming feminism: commentary, autobiography and advice literature for women in the recession." Journal of Gender Studies 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2014.913977.
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Mishra, Indira Acharya. "Feminist Voice in Abhi Subedi's Agniko Katha." Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/researcher.v4i2.34619.
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This article analyzes Abhi Subedi's play, Agniko Katha, from a feminist perspective. Feminist critics blame that the classics of literature are partly responsible for creating and perpetuating the myth about 'eternal feminine.' They claim that there are only two images available for women in patriarchal literature. One is the image of a virtuous passive woman and the other is the promiscuous selfish woman. The author of such literary texts rewards the virtuous woman whereas they punish the promiscuous one. Feminists argue that the underlying message of this method is: if a woman wants to survive in patriarchy she must act feminine. This effects women in their real life situation for they tend to perform feminine gender roles though they are disadvantageous to them. Thus, they protest the stereotype depiction of female characters in literary and other cultural texts. The article argues that Subedi defies the traditional notion of femininity and creates new roles for his female characters. The protagonist of the play denies to play her assigned feminine role and searches for a new role for her. She questions and protests the patriarchal gender roles which are bias against women. Thus, it is relevant to explore the feminist voice in the text. The finding of the article suggests that women, too, have the potentiality to create new roles for themselves and bring change into society.
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Gilarek, Anna. "Marginalization of “the Other”: Gender Discrimination in Dystopian Visions by Feminist Science Fiction Authors." Text Matters, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-012-0066-3.
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In patriarchy women are frequently perceived as “the other” and as such they are subject to discrimination and marginalization. The androcentric character of patriarchy inherently confines women to the fringes of society. Undeniably, this was the case in Western culture throughout most of the twentieth century, before the social transformation triggered by the feminist movement enabled women to access spheres previously unavailable to them. Feminist science fiction of the 1970s, like feminism, attempted to challenge the patriarchal status quo in which gender-based discrimination against women was the norm. Thus, authors expressed, in a fictionalized form, the same issues that constituted the primary concerns of feminism in its second wave. As feminist science fiction is an imaginative genre, the critique of the abuses of the twentieth-century patriarchy is usually developed in defamiliarized, unreal settings. Consequently, current problems are recontextualized, a technique which is meant to give the reader a new perspective on certain aspects of life they might otherwise take for granted, such as the inadequacies of patriarchy and women’s marginality in society. Yet there are authors who consider the real world dystopian enough to be used as a setting for their novels. This is the case with Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge Piercy and The Female Man by Joanna Russ. Both texts split the narrative into a science fictional and a realistic strand so as to contrast the contemporary world with utopian and dystopian alternatives. Both texts are largely politicized as they expose and challenge the marginalized status of women in the American society of the 1970s. They explore the process of constructing marginalized identities, as well as the forms that marginalization takes in the society. Most importantly, they indicate the necessity of decisive steps being taken to improve the situation.
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Hasanah, Cici Afifatul, Ayu Ferliana, and Depict Pristine Adi. "FEMINISME DAN KETAHANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM DUNIA KERJA DI INDONESIA DAN ISLANDIA." An-Nisa' : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v13i1.22.
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The purpose of this study is describe feminism and the resilience of women in the world of work in Indonesia and Iceland. Feminism as a system of ideas, as a framework and study of social life and human experience that evolved from a women-centered perspective. In Indonesia and Iceland, this is a long history as a reflection of the responsibility regarding the reality of gender inequality. In this study researchers used a research method with the type of literature study. Data collection techniques that utilize secondary data obtained through the library and then described and analyzed to extract from the literature such as books, journals, report, documents and other materials that support this research. Based on the results and discussion that has been presented, it can be concluded that feminism is increasingly developing and being recognized by the world. Feminism and the resilience of women in these two countries have shown that women have great opportunities in the development of the world of work, politics and other fields.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan feminisme dan ketahanan perempuan dalam dunia kerja di Indonesia dan Islandia. Feminisme sebagai sistem gagasan, sebagai kerangka kerja dan studi kehidupan sosial dan pengalaman manusia yang berevolusi dari perpsektif yang berpusat pada perempuan. Di Indonesia dan Islandia, hal ini adalah sejarah panjang sebagai cerminan dari tanggung jawab tentang realitas ketidaksetaraan gender. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian dengan jenis kajian kepustakaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik penelitian kepustakaan yang memanfaatkan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui perpustakaan kemudian di deskripsikan dan dianalisis untuk disarikan dari literatur seperti buku, jurnal, laporan, dokumen dan bahan lain yang mendukung penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan dapat disimpulkan bahwa feminisme semakin lama semakin berkembang dan diakui oleh dunia. Feminisme dan ketahanan perempuan di dua negara ini sudah menunjukkan bahwa kaum perempuan memiliki peluang besar dalam perkembangan dunia kerja, politik dan bidang lainnya.
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Galytska, Iuliia. "Alias in women's literature: feminist aspects in a gender context." Grani 23, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172038.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the identity of the woman hiding her gender under a male pseudonym makes us recollect U. Eco’s arguments about the truth and the purpose of literature as well as A. F. Losev’s ideas about the name and the meaning, the theories of the feminist literary critics K. Millett, M. Ellman, T. Moi, E. Showalter, etc. who have presented "women`s writing" and "writing about women" in the feminist field. As one of the central principles of feminist criticism is that no scientific view can ever be neutral, the problem of pseudonyms occupies an important place in the contemporary gender studies, explicitly or implicitly highlighting the artificially constructed debate, which divides "serious male literature" and "superficial and secondary female writing". On the one hand, this is the problem of feminism itself, on the other, it is a question of the role and place of the woman in the world` culture and history. In this kind of the analysis we cannot ignore such an epiphenomenon of postmodernism as "label change" with the postmodern emphasis on the sociocultural role of the context, which is especially relevant in aspects of the gender "name problem". The last one, undoubtedly, is included in the problematization of postmodern culture on the whole, since all cultural narratives have always been gender "stories". Today an individual construct his or her gender-reflecting reality, still the modelling of the new gender system is far from being complete. The created sign systems are ambivalent, the meanings are very unstable and can easily be hermeneutically interpreted. However, the role of hermeneutics in analyzing the relationship between the author and the sociocultural context is in the core of the gender aspects of literature, in general, and in the problems of the pseudonym as a change of "name", in particular. The latter is by all means relevant and important. Undoubtedly, one of the main incentives for feminist scholars in their turn to women's literature is connected with the patriarchal demand for women's "silence", their "dumbness" in culture and, accordingly, in literature. Obviously, there are two main interpretations of the concept of "female literature" in feminist criticism. The first one is the representation of female subjectivity in its difference from the male one. The second approach is the representation of "non-essentialist" female subjectivity, which is understood as the logical structure of the difference. In general, in the patriarchal dichotomy of the femininity and masculinity "women who write" are always dangerous. "Three strange sisters" – Anne, Charlotte and Emily Bronte wrote their novels under disguise of male pen names, exactly specifying two conceptual motives: the "Other" concept and the image of "Veil". In this context the motive of androgyny is also important from the point of view of both analysis and literary criticism. In ХIXth century George Sand (Aurora Dupin), having most vividly represented this concept, became an example for many subsequent generations of feminists – writers, actresses and media representatives. However, in our era of gender plurality, the question of the pseudonym as a problem of "genders" is not so relevant; more likely it is still a question of the priorities in the feminist theory. In the contemporary discourse of literary criticism many of the author’s socially significant features are perceived as gender neutral. In the postmodern paradigm the question of the androgynous identity of the man/woman writer requires its further actualization as the androgynous is often replaced by the bisexuality (J. Irving` "In One Person"). In general, it should be recognized that postmodern approaches to gender identity, which paint a "picture of the world" today, transform the female experience of being as the "Other", secondary and insignificant with a conceptual orientation to a fundamental variety of postmodern cognitive perspectives.