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Journal articles on the topic 'Women and war – Sierra Leone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

M’Cormack-Hale, Fredline A. O., and Josephine Beoku-Betts. "General Introduction." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341327.

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Although much has been written on many different aspects of post-conflict reconstruction, democracy building, and the role of the international community in Sierra Leone, there is no definitive publication that focuses on exploring the ways in which various interventions targeted at women in Sierra Leone have resulted in socio-economic and political change, following the Sierra Leone civil war. This special issue explores the multi-faceted subject of women’s empowerment in post-war Sierra Leone. Employing a variety of theoretical frameworks, the papers examine a broad range of themes addressing women’s socio-economic and political development, ranging from health to political participation, from paramount chiefs and parliamentarians to traditional birth attendants and refugees. An underlying argument is that post-war contexts provide the space to advance policies and practices that contribute to women’s empowerment. To this end, the papers examine the varied ways in which women have individually and collectively responded to, shaped, negotiated, and been affected by national and international initiatives and processes.

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Day, Lynda R. "Women Chiefs and Post War Reconstruction in Sierra Leone." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341328.

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This paper examines the role of women chiefs in post war reconstruction in Sierra Leone, particularly the connection between women chiefs with the movement for women’s equality and economic empowerment. Contrary to scholarship which views culturally based traditional structures, including chieftaincy, as counterproductive to progressive change, I argue that traditional women chiefs have contributed to the movement for gender justice and gender equity and could be key to shaping and promoting both an agenda and an ideology for women’s social and political advancement on a local level. The study is based on fieldwork conducted in Sierra Leone from 1982 to 2012 and includes semi-structured interviews with women chiefs and other key players before, during, and after the war, as well as sources such as newspaper articles, journal and book publications and archival materials.

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Holland, Tracey, and Moisa Morrison Saidu. "Post-War Challenges Facing Women and Girls in Sierra Leone." Peace Review 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2012.651001.

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4

McGough, Fredanna M. "Locating the Informal in the Formal?" African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341329.

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This paper explores the influences that led to the development of the Free Health Care Initiative (fhci), which requires the provision of free health services for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five years. The paper will explore the impact of the policy on women actors as both recipients and informal providers of health care in post-war Sierra Leone. Since the end of the Sierra Leone civil war in 2002, there has been much focus on maternal and child health issues due to the staggeringly high maternal and child mortality rates, when compared to the rest of the world. Currently, international considerations exist such as the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw) and the Millennium Development Goals (mdgs) to ensure nations are responsive to women’s health concerns. These often externally driven policies may not be based on internal motivation, and may have negative local consequences.Although the fhci has improved accessibility of clinical services provided by the government by eliminating user fees, a provision was made to eliminate the services of traditional birth attendants (tbas), who historically provided affordable birth services for women in rural regions of Sierra Leone. The new health policy thus criminalizes the actions of tbas, stripping them of the ability to practice their craft and earn a living. This paper examines the sometimes-contradictory results inherent when international laws and mandates get translated into local contexts and problematizes the uni-dimensional ways in which women’s empowerment is often promoted.

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Cohen, Dara Kay. "Female Combatants and the Perpetration of Violence: Wartime Rape in the Sierra Leone Civil War." World Politics 65, no. 3 (July 2013): 383–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887113000105.

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Much of the current scholarship on wartime violence, including studies of the combatants themselves, assumes that women are victims and men are perpetrators. However, there is an increasing awareness that women in armed groups may be active fighters who function as more than just cooks, cleaners, and sexual slaves. In this article, the author focuses on the involvement of female fighters in a form of violence that is commonly thought to be perpetrated only by men: the wartime rape of noncombatants. Using original interviews with ex-combatants and newly available survey data, she finds that in the Sierra Leone civil war, female combatants were participants in the widespread conflict-related violence, including gang rape. A growing body of evidence from other conflicts suggests that Sierra Leone is not an anomaly and that women likely engage in conflict-related violence, including sexual violence, more often than is currently believed. Many standard interpretations of wartime rape are undermined by the participation of female perpetrators. To explain the involvement of women in wartime rape, the author argues that women in armed group units face similar pressure to that faced by their male counterparts to participate in gang rape. The study has broad implications for future avenues of research on wartime violence, as well as for policy.

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Skran, Claudena. "Unhcr’s Gender Policy for Refugees and Returnees in Sierra Leone." African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341332.

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The challenge of ensuring the full reintegration of refugee women and returnees in post-conflict societies is an important one, yet there is gap in the literature that evaluates interventions designed to assist them. This article seeks to narrow this gap by examining the gender policy of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr) as applied to reintegration programs in Sierra Leone, particularly in Kailahun district. Using Amartya Sen’s concept of agency, the paper begins with an exploration of the pre-war status of women and girls in Sierra Leone and their marginalization in flight and exile. The paper then argues that the conceptual framework ofunhcr’s Community Empowerment Projects (ceps) created a foundation for an open, democratic process that, in theory, could lead to enhanced well-being for women as beneficiaries and greater political agency for them as decision-makers. In practice, thecepsresulted in the implementation of projects that benefited women both directly and indirectly, especially in the areas of water and sanitation and education. The lack of emphasis on health projects, however, especially when compared to the strong support for rebuilding community buildings controlled by elders, shows the impact of traditional, patriarchal decision-making on thecepprocess. The paper further argues that special women’s centers constructed or supported byunhcr, though small in number, both enhanced the well-being of and promoted political agency for women; this intervention contributed to the high levels of females elected as local officials in Kailahun district in the 2012 elections.

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7

Ibrahim, Aisha Fofana. "Whose Seat will become Reserved?" African and Asian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (March 27, 2015): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341330.

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Post-war reconstruction efforts in Sierra Leone combined with global discourses around issues of democracy and participation have, to some extent, created a space for political engagement of traditionally marginalized groups, including women. Women’s political engagement has, in recent times, centered around a campaign for a 30% constitutionally mandated gender quota system which, it is believed, will be the most effective way to get more female representation in legislatures as well as close the wide gap that exists numerically between both genders in the public sphere. This paper seeks to examine women’s engagement with political processes in Sierra Leone, their long and unsuccessful struggle for a quota system and how all of this fits into a wider struggle for gender justice in Sierra Leone. The main argument raised in this paper is that the gender quota campaign is fraught with challenges because women in the struggle, especially female parliamentarians, have found it difficult to go beyond the borders of their political parties’ ideological stance, and organizational boundaries to collectively and successfully advance the campaign. In addition, the campaign seems to be more centralized in the capital with little or no engagement at the community level. Moreover, because of the widening political divide, meaningfully engaging an elite male cadre that has variedly resisted women’s full and equal participation in the public sphere remains a challenge.

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8

Magaziner, Daniel R. "Removing the Blinders and Adjusting the View: A Case Study from Early Colonial Sierra Leone." History in Africa 34 (2007): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0011.

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Mende raiders caught Mr. Goodman, “an educated young Sierra Leonean clerk,” at Mocolong, where he “was first tortured by having his tongue cut out, and then being decapitated.” His was a brutal fate, not unlike those which befell scores of his fellow Sierra Leoneans in the spring of 1898. Others were stripped of their Europeanstyle clothes and systematically dismembered, leaving only mutilated bodies strewn across forest paths or cast into rivers. Stories of harrowing escapes and near-death encounters circulated widely. Missionary stations burned and trading factories lost their stocks to plunder. Desperate cries were heard in Freetown. Send help. Send gun-boats. Send the West India Regiment. Almost two years after the British had legally extended their control beyond the colony of Sierra Leone, Mende locals demonstrated that colonial law had yet to win popular assent.In 1898 Great Britain fought a war of conquest in the West African interior. To the northeast of the Colony, armed divisions pursued the Temne chief Bai Bureh's guerrilla fighters through the hot summer months, while in the south the forest ran with Mende “war-boys,” small bands of fighters who emerged onto mission stations and trading factories, attacked, and then vanished. Mr. Goodman had had the misfortune to pursue his living among the latter. In the north, Bai Bureh fought a more easily definable ‘war,’ a struggle which pitted his supporters against imperial troops and other easily identified representatives of the colonial government. No reports of brutalities done to civilians ensued. In the south, however, Sierra Leoneans and missionaries, both men and women, joined British troops and officials on the casualty rolls.

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Doucet, Denise, and Myriam Denov. "The power of sweet words: Local forms of intervention with war-affected women in rural Sierra Leone." International Social Work 55, no. 5 (August 8, 2012): 612–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872812447639.

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Mbachaga, Jonathan Desen. "Impact of war on women: Iyorwuese Hagher’s Lamp of Peace." EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 7, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2020): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejotmas.v7i1-2.31.

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Africa as a continent has been ravaged by wars that have brought untold hardship and retardation to development. Militarization and war places various demands on both males and females. This study concentrates on how females have been used as sex slaves and have now become vulnerable to rape and outright fighting in the wars. Extenuating the effects of war with its irreparable losses and psychological trauma in recent times has been the focus of governments, nongovernmental organizations and philanthropists. The devastation caused by the conflicts, the destruction to communities and the suffering of women and girls cannot be over emphasized. Recent years have seen many regions of Africa involved in wars and internal or external conflicts. From Liberia to Sierra Leone; Angola, The Democratic Republic of Congo to Rwanda; Burundi, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire to Sudan, the story is a sad and saddening one. Therefore, this article discusses the effects of armed conflicts on women and girls, using Iyorwuese Hagher’s Lamp of Peace as a textual reference. It employs the literary method to consider the response of Iyorwuese Hagher as a playwright regarding the outcry against war atrocities against women. The paper argues that glaring gaps still exist regarding the protection of women and girls during armed conflicts. As such, women and girls deserve special attention that focuses on protection as they are both victims of abuse and actors in reconstruction. Keywords: War, Atrocities on women, Protection and rehabilitation, Lamp of Peace, Africa

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11

Launay, Robert. "An Imagined Geography." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i2.1624.

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The civil war in Sierra Leone broke out just as JoAnn D’Alisera arrived withthe intention of studying a rural Islamic community. Instead, she eventuallydecided to study Sierra Leonean Muslims in Washington, DC. Based on herethnographic research, An Imagined Geography is a sensitive depiction ofimmigrants who must negotiate their accommodation and allegiance to threeseparate imagined loci: the United States, in which they live; their SierraLeonean homeland; and the ummah, the global Islamic community of whichthey are a part.Much of the book centers on the experiences of five individuals, twomen and three women, through whose eyes the author explores the tensionsinvolved in being Muslim and African in the United States. Such a closegrainedfocus allows her to provide a very visceral depiction of how theylive out their religious commitments in their everyday interactions witheach other, with other Sierra Leoneans, and with Anglo-Americans. Themen, for instance, are particularly apt to choose driving taxis as a career, even though some of them are highly educated and qualified for more prestigiousand more remunerative jobs. However, their taxis allow them to constructa religious space that they can decorate with Islamic paraphernalia orkeep a supply of religious pamphlets to hand out to interested passengers,and to align themselves with religious time so that they can take prayerbreaks and even drive to the mosque to pray. The many women-run hotdogstands provide women with a similar freedom, if admittedly less mobility ...

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12

Chaiken, Miriam S. "Women Warriors and Kidnapped Kids: Girl Soldier/Brides in Sierra LeoneBush Wives and Girl Soldiers: Women’s Lives through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Chris Coulter. Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press, 2009." Current Anthropology 51, no. 4 (August 2010): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/653601.

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13

Gibb, Frances. "War Crimes in Sierra Leone." Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education 3, no. 1 (November 2005): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760401.2005.12005938.

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Maxted, Julia. "Youth and war in Sierra Leone." African Identities 1, no. 1 (April 2003): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472584032000127888.

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15

Burgess, Robin, Edward Miguel, and Charlotte Stanton. "War and deforestation in Sierra Leone." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 095014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095014.

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16

Yudkin, John. "NUTRITIONAL LESSONS FROM WAR-TIME SIERRA LEONE." Lancet 334, no. 8660 (August 1989): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90632-6.

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17

de Jong, Kaz, Maureen Mulhern, Nathan Ford, Saskia van der Kam, and Rolf Kleber. "The trauma of war in Sierra Leone." Lancet 355, no. 9220 (June 2000): 2067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02364-3.

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18

Kanyako, Vandy. "Donor Policies In Post-War Sierra Leone." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2016.1146035.

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19

Clotilde, Asangna. "An examination of the Sierra Leone war." African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpsir2017.0994.

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20

Bindi, Idrissa Tamba, and Ozgur Tufekci. "Liberal Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone: A Critical Exploration." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 8 (May 29, 2018): 1158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618776427.

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There is increasing awareness and international support for rebuilding states that have gone through conflict. Third-party interventions in bringing peace to countries that have emerged from civil wars have been channeled through a fundamental concept known as liberal peacebuilding. Liberal peacebuilding, even though it faces much criticism, has been a prominent strategy for third-party intervention in post-war countries since the end of the Cold War. This paper deals with the liberal peacebuilding process in Sierra Leone, after its decade-long brutal civil war. The focus lies on Dr Roland Paris’ institutionalization before liberalization (IBL) peacebuilding strategy, its strengths and shortcomings, and its contributions to sustaining peace in Sierra Leone since the end of the war in 2002. Arguing that the IBL strategy has helped to maintain peace in Sierra Leone after ten years of civil war, the paper analyzes how peacebuilding has been implemented in post-war Sierra Leone under the six different pillars of the IBL strategy.

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KAMARA, JOSEPH F. "Preserving the Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Challenges and Lessons Learned in Prosecuting Grave Crimes in Sierra Leone." Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 4 (October 28, 2009): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990215.

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AbstractSierra Leone experienced particularly heinous and widespread crimes against humanity and war crimes during its eleven years of civil war from 1991 to 2002. During the war, the civilian population was targeted by all the fighting factions. Civilians were captured, abducted, and held as slaves used for forced labour. The Special Court for Sierra Leone was established by the government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations in 2002, through Security Council Resolution 1315. It is mandated to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for serious violations of international humanitarian law and Sierra Leonean law committed in Sierra Leone since 30 November 1996. The aim of this paper is to sketch out the extent to which the jurisprudence of the Special Court can serve as a model for efficient and effective administration of criminal justice nationally through the preservation of its legacy.

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Bellows, John, and Edward Miguel. "War and local collective action in Sierra Leone." Journal of Public Economics 93, no. 11-12 (December 2009): 1144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.012.

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Hills, Alice. "‘War don don’: stability, normalcy and Sierra Leone." Conflict, Security & Development 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2011.552245.

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MCINTYRE, ANGELA, EMMANUEL KWESI ANING, and PROSPER NII NORTEY ADDO. "POLITICS, WAR AND YOUTH CULTURE IN SIERRA LEONE." African Security Review 11, no. 3 (January 2002): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2002.9627964.

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Bellows, John, and Edward Miguel. "War and Institutions: New Evidence from Sierra Leone." American Economic Review 96, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806777212323.

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Kieh, George Klay. "State-building in Post-Civil War Sierra Leone." African and Asian Studies 4, no. 1-2 (2005): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569209054547337.

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27

Stepakoff, Shanee. "Telling and Showing: Witnesses Represent Sierra Leone's War Atrocities in Court and Onstage." TDR/The Drama Review 52, no. 1 (March 2008): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2008.52.1.17.

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After a brutal civil war in Sierra Leone, a young prosecution witness in a war crimes tribunal in Freetown created, directed, and performed a drama that graphically portrays the trauma she and her fellow survivors experienced during the war. Stepakoff was the psychologist for the Special Court for Sierra Leone—working with victims of severe human rights violations—and an invited guest at the young woman's performance.

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Harris, Dawn, Tarik Endale, Unn Hege Lind, Stephen Sevalie, Abdulai Jawo Bah, Abdul Jalloh, and Florence Baingana. "Mental health in Sierra Leone." BJPsych International 17, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.17.

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Sierra Leone is a West African country with a population of just over 7 million. Many Sierra Leoneans lived through the psychologically distressing events of the civil war (1991–2002), the 2014 Ebola outbreak and frequent floods. Traditionally, mental health services have been delivered at the oldest mental health hospital in sub-Saharan Africa, with no services available anywhere else in the country. Mental illness remains highly stigmatised. Recent advances include revision of the Mental Health Policy and Strategic Plan and the strengthening of mental health governance and district services. Many challenges lie ahead, with the crucial next steps including securing a national budget line for mental health, reviewing mental health legislation, systematising training of mental health specialists and prioritising the procurement of psychotropic medications. National and international commitment must be made to reduce the treatment gap and provide quality care for people with mental illness in Sierra Leone.

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Shepler, Susan. "Youth music and politics in post-war Sierra Leone." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 4 (November 4, 2010): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000509.

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ABSTRACTThe brutal, eleven-year long civil war in Sierra Leone has been understood by many scholarly observers as ‘a crisis of youth’. The national elections of 2007 were notable for an explosion of popular music by young people directly addressing some of the central issues of the election: corruption of the ruling party and lack of opportunities for youth advancement. Though produced by youth and understood locally as youth music, the sounds were inescapable in public transport, markets, and parties. The musical style is a combination of local idioms and West African hip-hop. The lyrics present a young people's moral universe in stark contrast to that of their elders. This paper addresses the themes of these election-focused songs as well as the emerging subaltern youth identity discernible in supposedly less political songs.

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Shepler, S. "War and the Crisis of Youth in Sierra Leone." African Affairs 112, no. 448 (May 10, 2013): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adt034.

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Mitton, Kieran. "Where is the War? Explaining Peace in Sierra Leone." International Peacekeeping 20, no. 3 (June 2013): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2013.838391.

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Gupta, Leila, and Catherine Zimmer. "Psychosocial intervention for war-affected children in Sierra Leone." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 3 (March 2008): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038182.

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BackgroundThere are no psychosocial interventions to address both educational needs and psychological distress among displaced children in post-conflict settings.AimsTo assess the psychosocial status of displaced children enrolled in the Rapid-Ed intervention; and to determine whether the Rapid-Ed intervention alleviated traumatic stress symptoms that interfere with learning among war-affected children in Sierra Leone.MethodA randomly selected sample of 315 children aged 8–18 years who were displaced by war were interviewed about their war experiences and reactions to the violence before and after participating in the 4-week Rapid-Ed intervention combining basic education with trauma healing activities.ResultsHigh levels of intrusion, arousal and avoidance symptoms were reported at the pre-test interviews conducted 9–12 months after the war. Post-test findings showed statistically significant decreases in intrusion and arousal symptoms (P < 0.0001), a slight increase in avoidance reactions (P < 0.0001) and greater optimism about the future.ConclusionsThe findings suggest potential for combining basic education with trauma healing activities for children in post-conflict settings, but confirmatory studies using a control group are needed. Conducting research in post-conflict settings presents unique challenges.

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Hoffman, Danny. "Disagreement: Dissent Politics and the War in Sierra Leone." Africa Today 52, no. 3 (2006): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2006.0029.

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Tom, Patrick. "Youth-traditional authorities’ relations in post-war Sierra Leone." Children's Geographies 12, no. 3 (June 2, 2014): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2014.922679.

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Taylor, Ian. "War and the Crisis of Youth in Sierra Leone." Round Table 101, no. 3 (June 2012): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2012.697807.

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Wisner, Ben, and Ernest Cole. "War and embodied memory: becoming disabled in Sierra Leone." African Geographical Review 32, no. 2 (December 2013): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2013.812854.

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Zack‐Williams, A. B. "Child soldiers in the civil war in Sierra Leone." Review of African Political Economy 28, no. 87 (March 2001): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240108704504.

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Zack-Williams, Tunde. "War and the crisis of youth in Sierra Leone." Review of African Political Economy 40, no. 137 (September 2013): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2013.820521.

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van Bergen, Leo. "War and embodied memory: becoming disabled in Sierra Leone." Medicine, Conflict and Survival 30, no. 3 (February 17, 2014): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2014.887458.

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Ladum, Ariel M., and Janice Haaken. "Women’s perspectives on war and peace in Sierra Leone." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 23, no. 4 (November 2017): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000262.

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Brunskell-Evans, Heather. "War and embodied memory: becoming disabled in Sierra Leone." Disability & Society 29, no. 7 (July 18, 2014): 1164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2014.919172.

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CUBITT, CHRISTINE. "Responsible reconstruction after war: meeting local needs for building peace." Review of International Studies 39, no. 1 (April 11, 2012): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000046.

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AbstractContemporary peacebuilding operations are often mandated to rebuild ‘collapsed’ or weak states and provide unique opportunities for internationals to exert far reaching influence in their reconstruction. The responsibility to help secure peaceful transformations and longer term stability is profound. This article explores the issue of efficacy and propriety in reconstruction programming and draws from field work in Sierra Leone – a rare example of ‘success’ for international partners in peacebuilding missions. The assertion is made that, despite the euphoria over the mission in Sierra Leone, the peacebuilding operations were more about the mechanics of statebuilding than the local politics of building peace, and that there was a distinct disconnect between the policy rhetoric and the policy practice. The argument is put that the pressing local concern of giving citizens a stake in government was not best served in the reconstruction project because the wider and more influential objectives of the peacebuilding mission were about meeting international goals not local aspirations. This reality has come at the cost of exploiting a unique opportunity for creative thinking about the kind of state structures which can better address the main challenges for sustainable peace facing post-war states like Sierra Leone.

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Nkansah, Lydia Apori. "Restorative Justice in Transitional Sierra Leone." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 1, no. 1 (June 21, 2011): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v1i1.695.

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Intense debate surrounds truth commissions as to their mission, perceived roles and outcomes. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of truth commissions in post-conflict settings. It examines the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) for Sierra Leone, the first truth commission to be engaged concurrently with a retributive mechanism, the Special Court for Sierra Leone for transitional justice. The study finds that the TRC provided an opening for conversation in Sierra Leonean communities to search for the meanings of truth about the conflict. In this way the communities simultaneously created an understanding of the situation and set reconciliation directions and commitment from the process of creative conversation. This notwithstanding, the TRC did not have the needed public cooperation because the people were not sure the war was over and feared that their assailants could harm them if they disclosed the truth to the TRC. The presence of the Special Court also created tensions and fears rendering the transitional environment unfriendly to the reconciliation and truth telling endeavors of the TRC. The study has implications for future truth commissions in that the timing for post-conflict reconciliation endeavors should take into consideration the state of the peace equilibrium of the societies involved. It should also be packaged for harmonious existence in a given transitional contexts, particularly where it will coexist with a retributive mechanism.

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Batty, Fodei, and Fredline M’Cormack-Hale. "“Do not Disturb the Peace!” Identities, Livelihoods and the Politics of Post-War Discontent in Sierra Leone." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 4 (February 10, 2019): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618825355.

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Although the collective memory of war is frequently invoked in post-war societies, who chooses to invoke it and to what effect has been less studied relative to other aspects of such societies. In this article we employ a case study of Sierra Leone to address this deficit in the post-conflict scholarship by illustrating how the collective memory of that country’s civil war is appropriated by diverse actors in the post-war society. Drawing from field interviews, we present evidence showing how, and why, several societal groups constituted as distinct post-war identities such as victims-rights groups, former defenders of the state, or perpetrators of the violence during the Sierra Leone civil war articulate dissatisfactions with their livelihoods and the reactions of state officials to their demands. The article explains why, and how, successive governments have selectively suppressed the discontent of some groups over livelihood insecurities that are construed as threats to public order while ignoring violent protests from other groups over similar issues, in spite of a 1965 public order act restricting protests. Thus, the article argues that state officials in Sierra Leone have not demonstrated superior commitment to peacebuilding than societal groups that make demands on the state.

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Nesbitt, Michael. "Lessons from the Sam Hinga Norman Decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: How trials and truth commissions can co-exist." German Law Journal 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 977–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220000612x.

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Sierra Leone is a poor nation in the midst of a laudable campaign to bring justice and reconciliation to a people desperately in need of it. Having suffered through the scourge of a decade long civil war, the nation employed two distinct yet related institutions to take a leading role in this campaign. Uniquely, the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) sought the assistance of the United Nations (UN) in setting up the world's first “hybrid tribunal”, named the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), to work alongside the already conceived of Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). These two institutions were to employ different procedures and, to an extent, different objectives in the hopes of achieving peace, justice and reconciliation.

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Leao, Isabela. "Youth marginalisation and the burdens of war in Sierra Leone." Freedom from Fear 2009, no. 5 (October 17, 2009): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/115f0875-en.

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Wilson, Richard. "Children and War in Sierra Leone: A West African Diary." Anthropology Today 17, no. 5 (October 2001): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.00079.

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Reno, William. "Ironies of post‐cold war structural adjustment in Sierra Leone." Review of African Political Economy 23, no. 67 (March 1996): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249608704174.

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Coulter, Chris. "female fighters in the Sierra Leone war: challenging the assumptions?" Feminist Review 88, no. 1 (April 2008): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400385.

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Zack-Williams, Alfred B. "Sierra Leone: The political economy of civil war, 1991-98." Third World Quarterly 20, no. 1 (February 1999): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599913965.

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