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1
Ewing, Gillian. "Secondary school art education : the artist’s viewpoint." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25386.
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Artists are seldom consulted in the making of school art programs yet many are vitally concerned with the need for a visually literate public. This study summarizes the history of art education, examines recent issues documented by art educators, looks at opinions of artists of this century on the teaching of art, and presents interviews with six British Columbian artists to elicit their thoughts on what is necessary in a secondary school art curriculum.
The interviews are essentially informal in nature and only those remarks dealing with secondary school education, or related concepts, are included. The final chapter contains an infusion of the artists' ideas under headings suggested by issues raised by art educators. An evaluation of the data collected from the interviews leads to recommendations for consideration for secondary school programs and the conviction that artists should be encouraged to participate in matters relating to art education.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Nielsen, Carol. "A strategy for increasing employment and crisis housing options for women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25478.
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This thesis examines the strategy of community economic development (CED) to potentially alleviate some of the hardships women experience in obtaining both adequate income through employment and access to transitional (crisis) housing.
These two distinct yet inter-related problems have been selected to provide a manageable scope for this thesis and as a result of my own keen interest and involvement in these two areas: employment and crisis housing for women. Indeed, as a comprehensive development strategy, CED may provide the means to effectively deal with the broader complex of disadvantages such as social and economic dependency, marginalization and isolation by providing opportunities for independence and social change.
Women are concentrated in low paid occupations, earn 62% of what men earn (1980), experience high unemployment and a number of employment barriers including subtle and/or overt discrimination and a double burden of work and family responsibilities. Women earn 30% (1980) of the total income in B.C., experience a disproportionate amount of poverty as individuals and as single parent family heads, and are twice as likely as men to report government transfer payments as our main source of income. In addition, one in ten women who are married or in a live-in relationship with a lover is battered, and only 50% have access to a transition house or hostel which accepts women who are battered. Due to full capacities, those houses that do exist regularly must refuse access. CED is a very simple concept intended to address very serious and complex economic and social conditions. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of life of community members through community initiated and supported economic and social activity which generates employment, wealth, community benefit and a great degree of self-esteem. Community is defined here as women who share a common view or ideology and interest in employment and crisis housing provisions. Through the development of women's enterprises, employment may be generated and profits channelled to the creation and operation of transition houses. CED provides a means for incremental change through planning, and specifically, women planning for women to take greater control of our lives.
Having entered a "new reality" within this province complete with restraint and privatization and increasing unemployment with associated economic and social costs, CED appears increasingly favourable, particularly for women. Unemployment and violence is increasing while resources and solutions lacking.
The opportunity to examine the potential of CED to meet the objectives as stated is provided through the development of a potential scenario and considerations which must be made to increase the probability of success. If women are to experiment with CED, thorough planning must occur within a long-term development strategy. CED is not easy and provides no quick-fix solution to the disadvantages women experience. When consideration
of organizational activities, capacity levels and other factors required for success is undertaken, in addition to a realistic examination of the potential and obstacles for CED, good results may occur.
CED should be approached both enthusiastically and cautiously. It is my hope that women's organizations will take up the challenge and test the potential.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of<br>Graduate
3
Chambers, Carmel M. "Rhetoric in British Columbia : an analysis of its influence upon adult education and women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25364.
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The topic under consideration is the rhetoric of British Columbia's political leaders and their strategic use of language whereby the government maintains its position of power and authority, implements its own ideological priorities, even if unpopular, and deprives the opposition of its ability to effectively mount a counter strategy. Aspects of political philosophies, human nature, scientific knowledge, education, and alternate feminist political philosophical views are presented. Brief sketches of Constitutionalism, The Rule of Law and ideological bases of modern political systems, liberalism and socialism, are considered in the context of a political spectrum that spans communism to fascism. An analytical framework adapted from the classical rhetoric of Aristotle and the new rhetoric of Kenneth Burke is used to examine the rhetoric and actions of the political leaders of British Columbia. Findings indicate that the strategies employed are effective and persuasive to the dominant majority of the populace. Components of strategy are identified which are deemed necessary in order that a democratically elected government may pursue successfully, a revolutionary political ideological change in its philosophy. Priorities and areas of social concern are identified in terms of their esteem for the present government leaders. The market principle and technology are the sacred cows. Education of a liberal kind, women, the welfare state, are a sow's ear. One recommendation is that adult education unite with movements that espouse and practice like philosophies so that it is strengthened and rejuvenated in its mandate and not precipitated to bend to the prevailing political ideology.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Buksh, Seema M. "Sexual Desire as Experienced by South Asian Women Living in British Columbia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1576162139475512.
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Stewart, Lee Jean. "The experience of women at the University of British Columbia, 1906-1956." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26611.
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This study of the coeducational experience of women at the University of British Columbia from 1916 to 1956 is threefold. It examines how the institution adapted to the female presence, the ways women assimilated or accommodated themselves to their environment, and the relationship of the changing climate of social expectations of women to the purposes of women's education and their experience at university.
The study is placed in both a thematic and a regional context. The thematic framework is suggested by the
historiography concerned with women's admission to universities in the nineteenth century. This literature establishes the role of the "uncompromising" and "separatist" feminists, partisan politics, public opinion, social definitions of femininity, and institutional structures in determining the form and content of women's education. The social, economic and political factors that account for the development of higher education in the province define the regional context.
This study finds that separatist feminists exerted a significant influence in defining women's education in the early part of the twentieth century. However, social, political and economic considerations guided the establishing of Nursing and Home Economics Departments at UBC. Institutional modifications such as the appointment of a Dean of Women and the building of women's residences, similarly depended on practical economic solutions to appease feminist agitation. Irrespective of the equality that is implied by coeducation, social expectations of women continued to act as obstacles to women's participation in higher education and ensured their secondary status. Female students devised strategies to ease the contradictory expectations of the academic and the social community. They chose nonconformity to gender expectations, conformity to standards of femininity, the precarious balance of double conformity to academic and feminine standards, and separatist feminism to redress the inequity of women's secondary status within higher education.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>History, Department of<br>Graduate
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Moore, Jacky. "The hidden voices of Nuu'Chah'Nulth women." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2013. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12766/.
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The role of women among Nuu’Chah’Nulth culture has received little attention. As Perdue (1) discusses, few sources exist from the eighteenth century about the lives of Aboriginal women, and what does exist has, in the main, been written from white European and male viewpoints, obscuring women’s voices and thinking. I will examine the roles and responsibilities of Nuu’Chah’Nulth women today and over the last two hundred years since Cook’s arrival in Nootka Sound on the west-coast of Vancouver Island, during the turbulent, colonial times of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, to the traumatic era of the lives of Nuu’Chah’Nulth women in the second half of the twentieth century, times of intense cultural change. Whilst building on the research and written observations of explorers, naturalists, fur-traders and Indian agents I hope to give a unique and complex view of how the arrival of the mamalhn’i2 affected the lives of Nuu’Chah’Nulth women, how these women adapted change to their advantage wherever possible through the inspiring words of the women themselves. Thought-provoking, in-depth interviews with thirteen Nuu’Chah’Nulth women conducted over a three year span form the heart of this thesis, adding originality to a sound historical base. I will argue Nuu’Chah’Nulth conceptions of gender roles have persisted until the twenty-first century despite the traumatic influence of colonialism and residential schooling. Maintaining traditional gender roles has allowed Nuu’Chah’Nulth women to adapt to changing circumstances and adopt new industries and practices whilst upholding their cultural identities as First Nation women. The strengths of their traditions empowered the women to resist change, including pressure from federal government to relinquish culture and language, bringing to life women long ago consigned to the shadows of historical anonymity. Continuity and diversity mark the lives of Nuu’Chah’Nulth women, their strengths creating the values and behaviours necessary to restore balance to their families and communities. By examining women’s role in community and family life over the last two hundred years, I will argue Nuu’Chah’Nulth women were co-equal contributors to Nuu’Chah’Nulth life, balancing the areas in which women were (and are) the anchors of their culture whilst also acknowledging their interactions with new influences from the twenty-first century. (1) Perdue, Theda (1998) Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
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Tseng, Ling-I. Olivia. "Bone health and osteoporosis in women diagnosed with breast cancer in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62872.
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Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer are at higher risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Information is lacking on utilization of bone mineral density testing in British Columbia, and fracture risks associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors to plan care.
Methods: Three studies were conducted on women diagnosed with breast cancer. Study 1, a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the utilization of bone mineral density testing in 1995-2008 and identified factors associated with different testing rates using secondary data-linkage in older women aged ≥65 and diagnosed with breast cancer for ≥3 years in British Columbia, Canada. Study 2, a pilot randomized controlled trial, assessed the feasibility of a protocol designed to improve bone health management, especially bone mineral density testing rates, with educational material in older women aged ≥65 and diagnosed with breast cancer for ≥3 years. And study 3, a systematic review with meta-analysis, estimated fracture risks associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in younger women aged ≤65.
Results: In older women aged ≥65, proportions of women with ≥1 bone mineral density test per calendar year increased from 1.0% in 1995 to 10.1% in 2008. Women with lower socio-economic status or rural residence were significantly less likely to have a bone mineral density test. The study protocol is feasible with a promising effect of educational material on bone mineral density testing rates (17%, 95%CI=6 to 33) in the 54 participants during the pilot study six-month follow-up period. In younger women aged ≤65, fracture risk did not differ between the tamoxifen and no-tamoxifen groups. Aromatase inhibitor-associated fracture risk was 17% and 35% higher than the risks in the no-aromatase inhibitor group and tamoxifen group respectively. The higher aromatase inhibitor-associated fracture risk compared with tamoxifen descreased slowly over time. The risk was significantly higher during the treatment period, but not the post-treatment period.
Conclusions: Increased risk of fractures is reported in women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with aromatase inhibitors, while screening for osteoporosis with bone mineral density testing is sub-optimal. There is a need to improve bone health management programs which should include educational materials.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Falcon, Paulette Yvonne Lynnette. "If the evil ever occurs : the 1873 Married Women's Property Act : law, property and gender relations in 19th century British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30571.
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This study will examine the circumstances surrounding the passage of the British Columbia Married Women's Property Act, 1873 and the judicial response to it. The statute was an attempt on the part of legislators to clarify and facilitate married women's actions in the marketplace, while accomodating new ideas about women's place in society. But despite the rhetoric about women's rights and the bill's more egalitarian potential, it precipitated no domestic revolution. The courts, in turn, ignored the legislation's more liberal provisions and interpreted it solely as a protective measure. Notwithstanding their different views on gender relations and marital property reform, legislators and judges shared common beliefs about the importance of family life. Consequently, the law defended women's legal rights as family members more than as individuals. Overall, the bill represented a compromise. Although it was meant to alleviate some of a wife's legal disabilities so that she could participate more freely in the economic life of the community, it was also grounded in the Victorian paternalism of the legislators who enacted it and the judges who enforced it. As a result, despite the challenge presented by the provisions of the Married Women's Property Act, the doctrine of marital unity proved remarkably resilient.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>History, Department of<br>Graduate
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Lewis, Sheila Elaine. "White picket fences : whiteness, urban Aboriginal women and housing market discrimination in Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23248.
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This thesis analyses hegemonic whiteness as a socio-spatial structure and discursive formation, and the way that whiteness interlocks with other axes of identity, such as class and gender, to affect accessibility to the housing market for urban Aboriginal women in Kelowna, BC, Canada. Twelve participants were recruited and interviewed through the Ki-Low-Na Friendship Society. The research methods for this thesis involved discourse analysis of embodied practices (after Kirsten Simonsen). Interviews with Aboriginal women about their experiences in the housing market revealed two clear patterns of gendered, classed, and racialized divisions of urban space. Aboriginal women note that the housing search, and subsequent residence in Kelowna (often as opposed to residence on a local ‘Indian Reserve’ outside the city), places them in a situation that they define as being under surveillance. Aboriginal women are particularly aware of how they are being watched or monitored by what most of them refer to as the ‘mainstream society’ in Kelowna, by which they mean white residents of the city. In a similar fashion, Aboriginal women are very clear about the fact that their participation in the housing market is racialized, and they are subject to a number of problematic constructions of their identity when searching for housing. In recounting Aboriginal women’s experiences, I attempt to provide an analysis of the classed, gendered, and racialized processes that work in interlocking fashion to produce the white landscape of housing in Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Pearce, Margo Elaine. "Women at greatest risk: reducing injection frequency among young aboriginal drug users in British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2718.
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Tallentire, Jenea. "Everyday Athenas: strategies of survival and identity for ever-single women in British Columbia, 1880-1930." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48.
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This study of single women in the British Columbia context reveals the importance of marital status as a distinct category of analysis for women’s lives.
Marital status fractures the gender of women into identities that are deeply structured by relations of power and privilege, creating some fundamental separations between the married woman and the never-married (‘ever-single’) woman. By taking marital status into account, we can learn more about the historical intersections between women, gender, and society. By setting the heterosexual dyad aside, we can delve more fully into the varied life-sustaining relationships that women forged, especially with other women. We can more thoroughly reconstruct the social contexts of feminist ideas, and the roots of a female citizenship based on a direct rather than deflected relationship to the nation. We can also trace the nascence of an ‘individual’ female subjectivity based in self-reverence rather than self-effacement. And we can decentre the conjugal family, especially the heterosexual dyad, as the essential unit of the Canadian past and the only legitimate site for women’s sexuality.
The ‘borderlands’ of British Columbia before the Second World War are an excellent place to examine the lives and identities of ever-single women, given the astonishing number of (ever-)single women present in unique demographic and economic conditions that would seem to militate against singleness. This project looks at four themes: survival, status, relationships, and identity. Material conditions of income and household composition offer us some of the strategies of survival single women employed. Looking at the discursive boundaries of certain social groups emphasizes the centrality of single women to (all levels of) society and the leadership that single women bring to both crafting and policing the borders of status groups. The patterns of relationships that ever-single women built and their voices on being single offer important models for thinking through women’s affective lives that do not privilege the heterosexual dyad. And the emplacement of the ever-single woman as ‘outside heterosexuality’ suggests some ways though the bind of the heterosexual/homosexual dichotomy in thinking about women’s lives and especially the hybrid nature of their autobiographical voices.
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Callaghan, Stephanie. "The functions of pregnancy in the lives of British Columbia street involved young women in 2000." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36641.
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Street involved adolescents are 4 times more likely to become pregnant than at-home adolescents; they are less likely to seek out prenatal care due to a variety of reasons, resulting in a higher risk of pregnancy complications. Previous studies that examined the meanings, experiences and functions of pregnancy in the lives of street involved young women have been exploratory in nature, and focused on developing theory, not testing theory. This study was a secondary analysis was of the 2000 British Columbia Street Youth Survey from the McCreary Centre Society [N=238 girls ages 12-19 years, 36% ever pregnant], to test the functions of pregnancy in the lives of street-involved girls as first postulated by E. Saewyc in her 1999 study, and affirmed by others since. Age-adjusted regression analyses were performed to determine whether pregnancy experience was associated with participant responses to questions in the survey that could indicate reconnecting to family, maturing or settling down, stepping away from risk behaviours, opportunities for a new life, and access to health and social services; for significant relationships, further analyses were performed comparing the ever pregnant sample with the never pregnant sample to assess the prevalence of behaviours or mean ranks on attitudinal measures. Statistical analyses revealed few instances where the functions of pregnancy were supported within this Canadian sample; the only area was the ever-pregnant sample did show higher interest in receiving or having received drug/alcohol treatment. However, the inability of this study to support the original findings may be due to the limitations of performing a secondary analysis rather than the soundness of the theories themselves; post hoc power analyses indicated limited power for most specific analyses. Alternatively, perhaps pregnancy is a form of harm reduction,but once the child is born, the effects are gone. Further research to test the reasons for pregnancy among street-involved young women is needed. The six functions of pregnancy provide a testable theory for future research, but the study design may need to use the functions as the basis for developing more precise questions to collect data in a new sample.
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Chang, Sylvia Hsi-Ching. "Experiences of Chinese immigrant women following zuo yue zi in the lower mainland of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57016.
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There are increasing numbers of women emigrating from China and Taiwan who chose to follow Chinese traditional post-partum practices which refers to “zuo yue zi”in the lower mainland of British Columbia. However, there are insufficient Canadian studies and a paucity of qualitative studies explicitly exploring women’s experiences with zuo yue zi. I used a qualitative description design to obtain narrative data on the perspectives of experiences with zuo yue zi from 13 mothers residing in the Greater Vancouver region. The development of the core theme, Chinese women’s novel encounters with zuo yue zi, incorporated women’s expectations of zuo yue zi, their struggles with the practices, and the modifications of their expectations. The Chinese women followed some traditional practices and modified others depending on their level of comfort with potential health effects and support from family and paid helpers. They needed to consider their own and their infants’ wellbeing, considerations for family members, their previous experiences, and structural limitations in their new environments. Based on the study findings, I suggest nursing implications for clinical practice, education and research starting in the prenatal period and into the postnatal period. I also make recommendations in terms of supporting new immigrant mothers who wish to follow traditional practices and addressing regulatory guidelines to protect their newborns from unregulated paid care providers in their new adopted homeland.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Nursing, School of<br>Graduate
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Maginley, Katharine Suzanne. "Hormonal contraceptive use in Canada : levels, trends, and determinants among reproductive-aged women in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61338.
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BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use of contraception worldwide, Canadian research on hormonal contraceptive trends is limited. This thesis aims to address this knowledge gap through an investigation of the levels, trends, and determinants of: (1) hormonal contraceptive use in British Columbia (BC) (Study 1), and (2) the use of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol (CPA-EE), an acne drug that is also known to be prescribed as an oral contraceptive (OC) despite safety concerns (Study 2).
METHODS: This thesis consists of two retrospective analyses of de-identified administrative datasets containing health care, pharmaceutical, and sociodemographic information for residents of BC between 2006–2013, inclusive. Study 1 examined incident and prevalent hormonal contraceptive use in a cohort of reproductive-aged women (15–49 years). Study 2 measured incident off-label use of CPA-EE in women aged 15–34. In both studies, logistic regression was used to model relationships between contraceptive use and sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS: Study 1 revealed (1) stable prevalence, but declining incidence of overall hormonal contraceptive use, (2) declining rates of OC use, (3) increased rates of hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) use, and (4) decreased odds of hormonal contraceptive use among Chinese and South Asian women. Despite a decline in use, OCs remained the most popular method, accounting for more than 80% of all hormonal contraceptive use. In Study 2, incident use of CPA-EE declined throughout the study period. South Asian women and women with older physicians (65+) were more likely to receive a potentially inappropriate CPA-EE prescription.
CONCLUSION: This thesis contributes to a sparse body of literature on hormonal contraceptive use in Canada. While rates of OC use are declining, hormonal IUD use is increasingly widespread, particularly among younger women. Chinese and South Asian women are less likely to be prescribed OCs and may therefore be at greater risk for unintended pregnancy, although this warrants further investigation, as does the influence of provider characteristics on off-label prescribing patterns.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of<br>Graduate
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Rogers, Anthony William. "W.P. Weston, educator and artist : the development of British ideas in the art curriculum of B.C. public schools." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27519.
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Using the biographical approach, this thesis examines the transfer of British art education methodology to B.C. schools. Early chapters make a close study of the school art curriculum in Britain and its comprehensive restructuring between 1890 and 1910. Later chapters analyse the transfer of these British ideas to B.C., showing how they eventually formed the basis of the British Columbia art curriculum.
As a British immigrant in 1909, William Percy Weston belonged to the dominant ethnic and cultural group then settling in B.C.. With British training and teaching experience, he brought with him the belief, fundamental to British art education, that natural form was the basis of design and beauty. Never abandoning this notion, he spread his ideas well beyond the Provincial Normal School, where he was Art Master from 1914 to 1946. Apart from playing a major role in the art training of teachers he was largely responsible for writing the official provincial art text in 1924 and completely responsible for its 1933 revision. He dominated the 1936 rewriting of elementary and secondary art programmes which became a part of the province's complete overhaul of curricula.
Weston also became a prominent artist. Among the first to develop a new vision of the western Canadian landscape, he was an important member of the local artistic community. He finally received national recognition, becoming a charter member of the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933 and the first B.C. Associate of the Royal Canadian Academy in 1936. Throughout the nineteen-thirties he exhibited extensively in national exhibitions and his work was chosen to represent Canada abroad.
This thesis shows how British educational ideas were sustained in B.C. by the predominantly British educational establishment long after they were rejected in Britain. Investigating reasons, often unforeseen, for curricular change, the thesis raises important questions about the inadequacy of much curriculum history with its emphasis on official policy and disregard for classroom practice.
In elucidating Weston's thought and practice contextually, the thesis points out the conditions which allowed Weston to have such wide influence, contrasting his educational conservatism with his artistic experimentation. Furthermore, it offers an explanation for the way in which school art education policy developed in B.C. and underscores the complex of reasons which encourages, or impedes, change in educational practice. Although ultimately Weston's predominance may have held up educational change in art within the province, he nevertheless brought a coherent and plausible philosophy of art education to B.C. schools, one that served the province well for three or more decades. His enthusiastic and able championing of that philosophy did much to encourage teaching of the subject.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Wilson, Alfreda Lynne. "Bringing home the bread and roses, a case study of women and co-operative housing in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24269.pdf.
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Bonson, Anita M. J. "A tale of two Susans, the construction of gender identity on the British Columbia frontier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25021.pdf.
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Earnshaw, A. P. Russell. "The experience of job insecurity for women university graduates in temporary and contract jobs in Vancouver." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26808.
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Field research was used to document the psychological and contextual experience of job insecurity for 15 graduate women in jobs with limited tenure and protection. Single, hour-long, intensive focused interviews were used, employing a projective technique. Transcripts of taped interviews were analyzed for factors associated with positive and negative emotional shifts. Factors were categorized and grouped into domains, which included: the nature of the subjects' job insecurity; effects on work performance, work relations, emotional and physical health, finances, leisure, and, personal and family life.
The experience was shown to fit a transition model of loss and adaption to change. Major stressors were uncertainty, financial fears, pressure to perform, loss of trust, job search and career fears. Typical cognitions included: self doubt; feeling unappreciated, disillusioned, powerless and isolated. Cynicism and feeling compromised were less common reactions. Work relations, and work performance were generally adversely affected as were leisure activities and family life. Financial retrenchment was common. All subjects reported stress and anxiety; some reported depressive symptoms.
Thirteen coping strategies were identified. Cognitive coping was prominent, in particular, denial-like processes used to maintain optimism. "Good coping" and "poor coping" profiles were developed from the data.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Dunn, Elizabeth Margaret. "Women's issues and politics : getting the childcare issue onto a municipal political agenda." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30544.
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This thesis examines women's issues and the political agenda. Several factors affect the likelihood of a women's issue getting onto the formal political agenda of government (municipal, provincial, and federal). The nature of the issue (the degree to which it challenges the status quo) affects the political outcome: those issues which have fit into current and historical legislative patterns (such as welfare state guidelines) have been more successful. A patriarchal family ideology places limitations on the proper role of women: women have held primary responsibility for the care of children and family. Women's labour force participation creates parameters for government involvement in issues such as childcare. The lobbying and organizational skills of the political actors involved are prerequisites for gaining access to government decision-makers. While the entry of women into the political arena has not insured the entry of women's issues onto the political agenda, female politicians have been especially important in bringing women's issues forward for debate and action. However, government bureaucracy has often been a barrier in the implementation of legislation concerning women's issues.
I present a case study of a particular women's issue (childcare) at the municipal level of government. Five locations are examined in the Greater Vancouver area, using a combination of qualitative methods (personal interviews) and quantitative research
techniques (government statistics, official documents, and reports from a variety of community organizations). In spite of the steadily increasing labour force participation of women in all locations, the response of local governments to the childcare issue has varied greatly — childcare is on Vancouver's political agenda but not that of the four district municipalities examined. Vancouver's involvement has been more comprehensive and longterm (more childcare spaces, an involved Social Planning Department, two task forces, a Children's Advocate, and buildings and sites for childcare purposes). The response of municipal councils continues to reflect patriarchal notions of the family (where childcare is a private, family responsibility). Alternatively, Vancouver council has recognized a permanent restructuring of the family and the ongoing involvement of the larger community in childcare. At the same time, the lobbying approach of Vancouver childcare advocates has followed long established patterns concerning childcare and governments -- the argument has been based on child welfare, not the rights or welfare of women.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Sociology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Molloy, Carla Jane. "The art of popular fiction : gender, authorship and aesthetics in the writing of Ouida : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Culture, Literature and Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1956.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the popular Victorian novelist Ouida (Maria Louisa Ramé) in the context of women’s authorship in the second half of the nineteenth century. The first of its two intentions is to recuperate some of the historical and literary significance of this critically neglected writer by considering on her own terms her desire to be recognised as a serious artist. More broadly, it begins to fill in the gap that exists in scholarship on women’s authorship as it pertains to those writers who come between George Eliot, the last of the ‘great’ mid-Victorian women novelists, and the New Woman novelists of the fin de siècle. Four of Ouida’s novels have been chosen for critical analysis, each of which was written at an important moment in the history of the nineteenth century novel. Her early novel Strathmore (1865) is shaped by the rebelliousness towards gendered models of authorship characteristic of women writers who began their careers in the 1860s. In this novel, Ouida undermines the binary oppositions of gender that were in large part constructed and maintained by the domestic novel and which controlled the representation and reception of women’s authorship in the mid-nineteenth century. Tricotrin (1869) was written at the end of the sensation fiction craze, a phenomenon that resulted in the incipient splitting of the high art novel from the popular novel. In Tricotrin, Ouida responds to the gendered ideology of occupational professionalism that was being deployed to distinguish between masculinised serious and feminised popular fiction, an ideology that rendered her particularly vulnerable as a popular writer. Ouida’s autobiographical novel Friendship (1878) is also written at an critical period in the novel’s ascent to high art. Registering the way in which the morally weighted realism favoured by novelists and critics at the mid-century was being overtaken by a desire for more formally oriented, serious fiction, Ouida takes the opportunity both to defend her novels against the realist critique of her fiction and to attempt to shape the new literary aesthetic in a way that positively incorporated femininity and the feminine. Finally, Princess Napraxine (1884) is arguably the first British novel seriously to incorporate the imagery and theories of aestheticism. In this novel, Ouida resists male aesthetes’ exploitative attempts to obscure their relationship to the developing consumer culture while confidently finding a place for the woman artist within British aestheticism and signalling a new acceptance of her own involvement in the marketplace. Together, these novels track Ouida’s self-conscious response to a changing literary marketplace that consistently marginalised women writers at the same time that they enable us to begin to uncover the complexity of female authorship in the second half of the nineteenth century.
21
Helweg, Priya Anne. ""Why shouldn’t we live in technicolor like everybody else..."¹ evolving traditions : Professional Northwest coast First Nations women artists." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3570.
Full textAbstract:
In this study I interviewed fourteen professional, First Nations women artists who work
predominantly in the so-called men's style of Northwest Coast art. I conclude that these artists
challenge the rigid dichotomy set forth in the literature between men's and women's art by
successfully working as carvers and designers in the formline style.
22
Miller, Lorrie. "Learning to be proud : First Nations women’s stories of learning, teaching, art and culture." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4323.
Full textAbstract:
Six First Nations women artists tell their stories about
learning their art and culture. Previous research has paid
little attention to the learning experiences of First Nation
women artists. Ethnographic research methods were used in
this qualitative study. Field research included video and
audio recorded intensive open-ended interviews with three
Coastal Salish women from Sechelt, British Columbia, and
three Cree women from Pukatawagan, Manitoba, as they tel l how
essential learning and teaching, art and culture are to them,
their children and their communities.
This study shows that there is a need for curricular
reform and teacher education reform so that the school
experiences for First Nations students will reflect and be
sensitive to their histories, traditions and overall cultural
identities. From testimonies presented in this thesis, it is
evident that effective teaching of relevant cultural art
content that results in meaningful learning leads to
increased self knowledge, confidence and pride.
23
Beer, Ruth Sulamith. "Landscape and identity : three artists/teachers in British Columbia." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9938.
Full textAbstract:
In this interdisciplinary study, narrative portraiture is used as a methodology to
depict three visual artists who draw on their lived experience, traditions and
values to engage viewers, through their artwork, about issues of landscape and
identity. I argue for an educative paradigm applied to art practice that seeks
individual and social/cultural transformation within and across communities
through pedagogical processes that recognize diverse audiences. Questions
guiding this study are: How do the artists' ideas and practices relate to living in
British Columbia and the representation of the land? What are their
motivations and strategies for expressing those ideas? How are the roles of
these artists and the roles of teachers linked?
The study considers the ways in which Jin-me Yoon, Lawrence Paul
Yuxweluptun and Marian Penner Bancroft foreground landscape in British
Columbia as a complex phenomenon and as a powerful icon in Canadian culture.
Through interviews and analysis of artwork, this study examines how these
artist/pedagogues challenge artistic conventions, myths and historical narratives
that have framed Western culture and influenced their experience. By
employing and disrupting conventions of representations of the land, they
construct new narratives concerned with issues of identity, the environment,
Native land claims, and urban history. This research portrait of artists who
attempt to inscribe a place for themselves and their communities within the life
of the province, is also a portrait of 'place', or the complex interrelationship of
people and the environment.
As role models and spokespersons who link knowledge and culture, the artists
share a desire'to foster understanding through postmodern art practices and
dialogic pedagogical processes. This study acknowledges their dual role as artist
and teacher, involving models of practice that aim to effect social change and
environmental care. It examines how their work integrating art and education,
reflects and attempts to shape the social, cultural and political landscape within
shifting conditions of society today. This study aims to provide a greater
understanding of artist/pedagogues and calls for an increased focus on a
pedagogical role for artists in museums, schools and other community-based
sites, particularly with respect to multicultural and environmental art
education.
24
Shea, Tusa. "Representing the Eternal Network : Vancouver artists' publications, 1969-73." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/737.
Full text
25
Kassteen, Inge. "Being "sent down" : birthing experiences of rural pregnant women." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/437.
Full text
26
Chiu, Siu-Miu Luda. "Job transferability of Chinese immigrant women in Vancouver : their voices." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6890.
Full textAbstract:
The raising of immigration standards for entry into Canada
in recent years has resulted in many Chinese immigrant women from
Hong Kong being admitted as "independent applicants", on the
strength of their academic standing, official language
proficiency, and professional training. However, many of them
are not able to access jobs for which they would seem to have the
appropriate credentials. No studies have yet systematically
examined the barriers these women face in the job market in
Vancouver.
A literature review shows two main approaches to the
problems of immigrants adapting to life in their new country.
The cultural approach concentrates on the effects of the
immigrants' own culture on the adaptation process, and the
cultural conflicts between the mainstream culture and the culture
immigrants bring with them. The structural approach emphasizes
the impact of the social structure of the host country on
immigrants, and examines structural barriers which bar immigrants
from moving upward in the labour market.
The first approach concentrates on immigrants and their
culture while the second focuses on the structural constraints
experienced by immigrants. The present research argues that
examining employment issues of immigrants from only one of these
two approaches is inadequate. Both perspectives are important.
other informal barriers which could not be categorized under
these two approaches should not be ignored.
This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews
with 20 Chinese immigrant women from Hong Kong. The research
problem is limited to the employment experiences, as well as to
the meanings of events and processes, described by these women.
The central questions are: (1) What do Chinese immigrant women
who come as "independent applicants" experience in the workplace
in Vancouver? (2) What does their work in Vancouver mean to
them? And (3) What are the factors, in terms of cultural
barriers, structural barriers or other elements, that affect
these women in the process of job transferability? Suggestions
to eliminate barriers are proposed, and recommendations for
further studies are presented.
27
Lai, Sylvia H. G. "The intermarriage experiences of four Chinese Canadian women." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11301.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the marriage experiences of four Chinese Canadian women who are
married to Caucasian husbands in Canada. Employing a phenomenological qualitative
approach, in - depth interviews were conducted with these women in the ethnically
diverse city of Vancouver, exploring their lived experiences in these relationships.
The findings in this study reflect upon this and tries to bring some understanding to this
rather complex phenomenon. The first finding is the non - accidental nature in who we
choose to bring into our world. This important element was highlighted in the findings as
it speaks to the reasons why we seek certain people to be in our life, including our
spouses. The women in this study all spoke about early influences and experiences
which reflected a sense of being an outsider in their own world at some point. These
experiences have in one form or another shaped how these women approached
relationships and in particular marriage. The second finding speaks to the effortlessness
which these women present when moving between their Chinese and Canadian culture.
The skills of negotiating and interpreting were highlighted by one of the women as a role
that she has grown up with but now also finds useful in her marriage. This role appears
almost invisible to most people because of the way these women incorporate it into their
day to day living. The last major finding is the importance of seeking a balance between
the two cultures in intermarriage. In doing so, it allowed the women in this study to find
a safe place for them to freely express the two sided nature of their culture which up until
then remained separated. In some cases it also provided the impetus to revisit their
culture of origin to rework another understanding of the role of Chinese culture in their
lives.
The findings of this study provide a beginning understanding into the work which these
four women negotiated in intermarriage to achieve a balance between the Canadian and
Chinese cultures in which they live. The findings from this study bridge a gap in the
understanding of the phenomenon of interracial relationships in Canada and contribute to
a broader cross cultural practice in social work and family therapy.
28
Christie, Patricia Anne. "The experience of women in the British Columbia fishery during a climate of crisis and change." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11673.
Full textAbstract:
The British Columbia fishery is in crisis. Environmental conditions and problems
with the management of the fishing resource have led to a significant reduction in
stocks and created serious economic problems in the industry. Women's work is
central to the fishery yet it is often unpaid, underpaid and undervalued. Policies
guiding the restructuring of the industry do not take into account the unique
circumstances of women in the industry.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the understanding about the ways
fishery policy impacts the lives of women in the fishing communities of BC. The
question posed: What is the experience of women in the BC Fisheries during a
climate of crisis and change?
A feminist approach is applied to this qualitative study. Unstructured interviews
were conducted with a sample of nine women who have worked in the industry and
are impacted by closures and cutbacks. Findings reveal a devastating magnitude of
loss for these women and their families; a great mistrust of the motives of the
Federal government and its policies; and a multitude of strategies used in their
struggle for survival.
The critical inequities in the fishing industry make this study particularly relevant to
social work. Further research is warranted to develop adjustment, programs that
address these inequalities and meet the needs of women in the coastal communities
of BC. Limitations of thisstudy and suggestions for future research are discussed in
the light of these findings.
29
Williams, Cherie. "Discourse of exclusion: AIDS education for women in Metro-Vancouver." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10571.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the evolution of HIV/ AIDS education for women in metro-
Vancouver. The research focuses on two questions, "What AIDS education
programs for women currently exist in Vancouver?" and "How effective has AIDS
prevention education for women been?" Since the reported incidence of HIV/ AIDS
continues to rise, the latter question leads to a further issue, "Why have some
women been excluded from the HIV/ AIDS discourse?
I chose to investigate these issues from a socialist feminist perspective. This
perspective, which focuses on women's position within the economy, society, and
family, guided my analysis of information I gathered from a variety of sources.
These included both primary and secondary sources, namely: brochures; magazines;
newspapers; television reports; journals; books; presentations; and interviews.
The findings of the research reveal that, at the onset, preventative educational
strategies did not exist for metro-Vancouver women because the gendering of the
AIDS epidemic rendered women invisible. Since subsequent AIDS education
focussed on "risk groups" rather than risk behaviors, many women who do not
belong to a "risk group" still believe that they are not at risk.
Consequently, gender appropriate strategies for AIDS prevention education need to
be further developed. As well, these strategies are only one part of the solution.
Belief systems, social scripting, and perceptions of one's self and others are the more
challenging and difficult pieces to change, as are the underlying root causes of drug
addiction and promiscuity.
30
Lipton, Rebecca. "Breaking new ground : women and farm entry in British Columbia." Thesis, 2006. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8879/1/MR14212.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The number of people entering agriculture in Canada has been decreasing over the past few decades. Despite these trends some people are still choosing to enter the sector. Many of those entering agriculture as professional farmers are women. This thesis presents a study of those women in the process of farm entry in British Columbia, Canada. Much of the literature frames women within the sector in terms of their relationship to the male dominance of agriculture. The tendency is to focus on how farm women's activities are undervalued and how women are maintained within a lesser position of power. Although the male dominance of the sector in general is not refuted, my research shows that many of the women entering the sector do not see the world they are entering as being a male dominated framework. These women are working within a social space that does not question their legitimacy as farmers and their integration within the field. The thesis explores the emergence of this alternate social space and its coexistence with the social space present within conventional agriculture. The analysis then moves beyond gender to explore how that alternate space, and the networks within it, function to mediate the challenges the women face during farm entry. The thesis concludes with several policy implications that result from the research
31
Mullins, Kathleen Ann. "Perspectives on teaching and learning in career exploration programs for women:." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4616.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides detailed accounts of the perspectives on teaching and learning
experienced by the instructors and participants in three career exploration programs for women.
One of the programs was located at a community college, one at a private college, and one was
offered through a non-profit agency. The perspectives of the women are represented by each
individual's expressed attitudes, feelings, and ideas about how they experienced teaching and
learning. I also examine and relate the accounts of the women to the ways in which teaching
processes and learning objectives were created, influenced, and/or constrained by the broader
social and administrative context in which the programs take place. Therefore, the study
addressed the following broad questions: (1) What values and attitudes toward teaching and
learning are expressed by instructors and how do they shape the pedagogical interactions that
take place in these career education programs? (2) What has been the participants' experience of
learning in these programs? And, (3) In what ways does the social, institutional, and political
context in which the programs take place affect the teaching/ learning environment?
This study originates from my interest as a feminist educator to gain a greater
understanding of how critical and feminist pedagogical approaches are manifested in actual
practice, in this case, three particular career exploration programs. Information for the study was
gathered from program instructors through semi-structured interviews; through an informal focus
group in each program with volunteer students; and by reviewing relevant program related
materials.
After providing detailed accounts of the perspectives of the instructors, participants, and
descriptions of each program, the external factors which create, influence, and constrain the
nature of the programs, and the voices of the instructors and participants are explored in relation
to the literature reviewed for the study. This analysis revealed that the instructors employed
teaching approaches which are consistent with the values and aims of critical feminist pedagogy.
However, teaching approaches were also applied which appear to reside within traditional
educational approaches. Thus, in these particular contexts, the instructors created and acted
within a teaching-learning environment which both reproduced and challenged the status quo.
The methodological approach utilized in this study illustrated how adult educators
concerned with the liberatory possibilities of adult education must invariably operationalize these
ideas in complex, constrained, and often contradictory social sites which act to shape the possibilities of instruction. It did so by directing attention to both the social actors and the social
and political processes that act to create and organize specific adult education activities.
32
Howard, Carol H. "Being positive: women living with HIV and AIDS in British Columbia." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2463.
Full textAbstract:
The following study is a phenomenological inquiry into five white, middle classwomen's experiences living with HIV and AIDS in British Columbia. The purpose, rather than describing AIDS as a medical phenomenon, is to document how being diagnosed HIV positive has affected the women's lives, health, relationships and livelihoods. A context for the women's stories is provided through a critical review of the biomedical model, as well as biomedical and community organizing perspectives on women and AIDS. Mostly verbatim accounts drawn from taped interviews conducted with the five women describes their lives with HIV and AIDS. Experiences surrounding their diagnosis, sources of information about their illness, strategies for coping, management of health, and management of personal and social identities are the themes explored. The women's participation, the role of the researcher, and the work produced are considered parts of an interactive process, demonstrating shared authority between the researcher and participants in the ethnographic process. Documentation of the women's experiences
leads to a discussion of the ways in which they successfully manage and control their own health care and well being within the context of larger social forces of sexism, medical bias and stigma. The women are given the last word in the study. In conclusion, a review oftheir situations three years after their initial interviews contributes a significant emotional and descriptive time-depth to the study.
33
Reid, Colleen. ""We don’t count, we’re just not there" : using feminist action research to explore the relationship between exclusion, poverty and women’s health." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13509.
Full textAbstract:
One of the greatest social injustices is that people who are marginalized experience more illnesses,
disability, and shorter lives than those who are more affluent (Benzeval, Judge, and Whitehead,
1995). In this dissertation I critique the notion that health is affected by poverty through primarily
material factors. In fact, poor women are systematically excluded from resources and
opportunities to pursue their health. This feminist action research project addressed how poverty
and exclusion influenced poor women's health, examined how a group of women negotiated their
experiences of poverty and health, and developed action strategies to address their shared
concerns.
For 1 V2 years I worked with a group of 30 poor women and gathered qualitative data from 15
meetings, 32 interviews, and 30 sets of fieldnotes. The women lived in material deprivation and
could not afford the most basic living necessities. They felt stereotyped, excluded, and invisible in
their every day lives. The stereotype of the "welfare recipient" fueled institutional stigmatization
and surveillance. Welfare, health care, and community recreation workers were threatening,
withheld important information, and limited the women's access to services through
chscriminatory practices and policies. The women had limited access to health-promoting
resources, and their interactions with authorities were shaming which negatively influenced their
psychosocial health through stress, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. Services that were
meant to help them labelled them as poor and hurniliated them. The women's shame, material
scarcity, and limited access to resources engendered feelings of lack of control and hopelessness
and influenced their health.
The women's varied discourses of poverty and health reflected attempts at finding legitimacy in a
society that systematically excluded and de-legitimized them. Through their conversations and
our feminist action research work together, they uncovered legitimate identities within
experiences of poverty and ill-health and advocated action and social change. They cited a
"livable" income, accessible health-promoting resources, and redressing stigmatizing practices
and policies as changes required to improve their health. These findings confirmed that the social
determinants of health must be reframed to better understand the effects of exclusion on poor
women's health and that inclusion, respect, and dignity are fundamental conditions for promoting
health.
34
Anderson, Allyson Kathlena. "The heart of a woman: leading first nations on the road to recovery." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4743.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the way that Native women incorporate the history of
colonization into the way that they think about, and organize against, family violence in
Vancouver's urban Aboriginal community. Using Melucci's (1989) model of collective
action, this thesis focuses on the social process behind Native women's organized resistance
to domestic violence. This thesis studied family violence intervention programs among
Vancouver's Aboriginal organizations in order to understand the underlying process of
negotiation between collective identity, solidarity, and environment.
The study was divided into two levels: the organizational and individual. The thesis
studied the narratives, or discourse of both organizations and individuals who delivered
family violence intervention projects to the urban Native community. On the organizational
level, data consisted of promotional texts that were produced by the organizations (posters,
leaflets, brochures). The texts were then subjected to a content analysis, to identify the
frequency of rhetorical devices, and then a rhetorical analysis, to see how these concepts were
used. On the individual level, data was collected by means of loosely-structured interviews
that asked questions about why participants were involved in family violence intervention.
Nine interviews were collected from individuals who worked the organizations sampled. A
rhetorical analysis of the interviews was also conducted, and compared with organizational
discourse.
The study found that the anti-violence movement among Vancouver's urban Native
women was articulated primarily through the rhetoric of healing through cultural identity and
spirituality. Both on the organizational and the individual levels, violence against Aboriginal
women was explained as a result of the colonial process. The low status of Native women
was linked to the oppression of First Nations people. "Healing" from the destructive cycle of
family violence involved recovering "traditional" ethnic and gender identities, which in turn
involved raising the status of women in Aboriginal communities.
35
Avis, Wendy. "Women and environmental decision-making : A case study of the Squamish estuary management plan in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3690.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the literature on sustainability reveals that community decision making is an
important component in the definition and implementation of sustainability. Although the
importance of participation by all members of a community is stressed in the literature, analysis of
marginalized groups focuses mainly on class and culture. When gender lines are explored, it is
mostly within the context of the developing world. The purpose of this research was to examine
the nature of women's participation in defining and implementing sustainability. This exploration
had three objectives: to define effective public participation in the context of local level
environmental decision making, to identify barriers to women inherent in public participation
processes associated with environmental planning decisions and to make recommendations which
eliminate barriers to women's participation in planning decisions.
Barriers to women's participation were divided into three categories: institutional, community and
societal. This research used a case study approach with multiple sources of evidence to examine
these barriers. The public participation process involved in developing the Squamish Estuary
Management Plan was analyzed to explore the nature and extent of women's participation.
Research methods included document and newspaper coverage analysis, interviews and
workshops. These revealed that specific barriers exist which discourage and prevent women from
participating in planning decisions. At an institutional level, these included lack of trust,
centralized decision-making, poor communication structures, an atmosphere that was not childfriendly
and the failure to present the Plan in a way which was relevant to women's lives.
Community barriers consisted of the fear of retaliation and the large number of community issues.
Societal barriers identified were the devaluing of women's voices, level of income and the
restrictions caused by women's societal roles. These barriers reduced the effectiveness of the
public participation process. Results were used to develop a series of recommendations about
how to encourage women's participation in decision-making, ensuring that women in communities
are involved in shaping and defining sustainability.
36
Hammond, Leanne. "Access all areas: a backstage look at women’s experiences in the West Coast rock music scene." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3700.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to address a gap in existing
subcultural research. While there has been extensive work
done on the experiences of men in subcultural groupings, the
examination of women's experiences is sadly lacking. Using
a combination of participant observation and ethnographic
interviewing, this study looks at the role women play in the
local rock music scene. Some interesting themes emerge that
challenge existing notions that women are either marginal or
absent from subcultural activity.
Women in the scene occupy a richly contradictory social
position. While they exercise an impressive degree of
sexual and financial autonomy, as illustrated by their
initiation of relationships and breadwinner roles in
partnerships with male musicians, they also adopt many goals
and behaviors typically associated with mainstream
constructions of proper femininty. Women in the rock scene
are seldom performers, instead they are concentrated i n the
role of the "nurturent caretaker" (Cole 1993: 89/90)
allowing the male musicians to retain recognition, prestige
and power in the scene. This construction of the male role
as central reflects the acceptance of patriarchal ideology
in the scene and obscures the contribution of women to the
material maintenance of the subculture.
Women's roles in the scene can be characterized as a
simultaneous acceptance and rejection of mainstream
prescriptions for feminine behavior. While women in the
rock scene are undeniably the focus of much sexual
objectification and exploitation, they cannot be viewed as
either passive or dependent. Women are described by scene
members as sexually powerful decision makers, and although
women's power is cast in disappointingly sexual terms, it is
the active nature of this sexuality that leads me to
describe women not as "passive" sexual objects, but rather
as "active" sexual objects.
Women's experiences in the rock scene are inextricably
linked to heterosexual relations with male musicians. While
rock women focus on the same goals of marriage and
motherhood as mainstream women, their relationships are
characterized by complications imposed by the rock
lifestyle. According female participants, the overt
sexuality of the scene, lack of financial stability , and the
consuming nature of the music business combine to challenge
the maintenance of a healthy relationship with a musician.
However, while women's willingness to deal with such
obstacles is puzzling, it can be seen as determination to
transcend traditional limitations on masculine and feminine
roles. The rock scene, despite its disproportionate
consequences for women, offers both women and men
alternatives to mainstream constructions of masculinity and
femininity. The scene is identified by both female and male
participants as offering excitement, spontaneity and passion
absent in mainstream society.
37
Rucci, Cristina. "Women’s centres to the rescue : an examination of the contributions women’s centres have made to communities throughout British Columbia." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6588.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the way in which feminist-based organizations -
specifically women's centres - have sought to fulfill the unmet social needs of women and
children living throughout British Columbia. This thesis achieves this end through a number of
different means. A literature review provides background on feminist planning and an overview
of the history of the women's movement in Canada. An examination of B.C. women's centres,
which includes a close look at the similar and unique services offered, demonstrates the positive
contributions made by centres. A case study, which thoroughly reviews the history of one
specific centre (the North Shore Women's Centre), shows how women's centres evolve over
time in order to meet the changing needs of the women in their communities. An analysis
explores the opportunities and constraints that the members of women's centres have faced in
trying to carry out their various activities.
This thesis has been based on, and has utilized, the goals and methodologies created by feminist
planners. In doing so, it takes women's needs, interests, and experiences into account, and aims
to make a contribution to knowledge that women can use to improve their lives
38
Ellis, Beth-Naomi. "Representation of race and gender: the social construction of "white" and "black" women in early British Columbian historical discourses: 1858-1900." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4493.
Full textAbstract:
In contemporary Canadian society women of all "races" are affected by the socially created, racialized and gendered images produced by a culture dominated by "White" males. These images are legacies of Western European cultural history which has traditionally constructed women and people of colour as the "Other", and such constructions have had the effect of restricting women and people of colour from participating fully in mainstream society. While both "White" and "Black" womens' lives have been specifically shaped by such constructs, most "White" women have failed to recognize that "race" has shaped their lives and placed them in a privileged position compared to women of colour, especially "Black" women. In order for "White" (and "Black") women to fully understand racism and sexism, which are both realities of modern societies, it is important for them to understand their historical origins. Therefore, this thesis, in an attempt to address these issues, examines the historical roots and the development of representations of gender and "race" and their specific connections to "Black" and "White" women. The case study involves a focused evaluation of the creation of racialized female symbolism in the early historical narratives of British Columbia between 1858-1900 when the first "Blacks" arrived in the province. These social constructions were compared to the actual lives of "Black" and "White" women of the time in order to gain a clearer understanding of society.
The study showed that representations of "White" and "Black" women were often not consistent with the reality of their lives. Women from both groups were frequently able to restructure and, in many cases, reject such images and create their own social reality. The research, while showing that "White" women were given a more privileged position than "Black" women, also illustrated the many similarities between the lives of women from both groups. Finally, by centering both "Black" and "White" women as the subjects of this study, it was possible to view history through a different lense than the traditional male dominated one.
39
McIntosh, Susan Kay. "Re/presenting women : the dilemma of social studies curriculum change in BC." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8325.
Full textAbstract:
Formal curricula, official curriculum documents and recommended resources, are
revised periodically and have the opportunity to reflect feminist scholarship available at
the time of writing. This feminist project analyzes the treatment of women's history in
British Columbia's Social Studies 8-10 Integrated Resource Package 1997, the Social
Studies 11 Integrated Resouces Package 1997, and the History 12 Integrated Resource
Package 1997, all of which are due to be implemented in September, 1999. Informed by
feminist historiography and pedagogy, the above curricula are analyzed using the
following thematic organizers: degree of representation; segregation versus integration;
experience, diversity and voice; and the construction and deconstruction of gender
knowledge. A sampling of recommended learning resources found in the above
Integrated Resource Packages are also examined for their treatment of women's history.
The outcome of the research suggests that while limited gains have been made in the
degree to which women are addressed in the new curricula, the manner of representation
largely reflects her-story approaches that have been considered problematic by most
feminist historians since the mid-1970s. Recommendations for future revisions are also
included.
40
Vezza, Carmela. "The lived experiences of women providing care to spouses who are in long term care." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/746.
Full text
41
Buddle, Melanie Anne. "The business of women: gender, family, and entrepreneurship in British Columbia, 1901-1971." Thesis, 2003. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10370.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines female self-employment in British Columbia from 1901 to 1971.
Entrepreneurial women comprised a small proportion of the total female labour force but they
exhibited differences from the rest of the labour force that deserve attention. The study relies on
the Census of Canada to gain perspective on trends in female self-employment over a broad time
period; qualitative sources are also utilized, including Business and Professional Women’s Club
records, to illustrate how individual businesswomen reflected patterns of age, marital status, and
family observed at a broad level. The role of gender in women’s decisions to run their own
enterprises and in their choice of enterprise is also explored. While the research focus is British
Columbia, this study is comparative: self-employed women in the province are compared to their
counterparts in the rest of Canada, but also to self-employed men, and to other working women,
in both regions. Regionally, women in British Columbia had higher rates of self-employment
than women in the rest of the country between 1901 and 1971. Self-employed women in both
British Columbia and Canada were, like wage-earning women, limited to a narrow range of
occupational types, but they were more likely to work in male-dominated occupations. Self employed
women were also older and more likely to be married, widowed or divorced than
wage-earning women; in these aspects, they resembled self-employed men. But there were
gender differences: whether women worked in female or male-dominated enterprises, they
stressed their femininity. The need to take care of their families, particularly if they had lost a
spouse through death or desertion, provided additional rationale for women’s presence in the
business world. Family, marital status, age, gender and region all played a role in women’s
decisions to enter into self-employment between 1901 and 1971.<br>Graduate
42
Nyadoi, Florence. "Immigration, assimilation and fertility: a study of Black African immigrants in Vancouver." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5485.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines how in the context of international
migration, ethnic (cultural) assimilation may influence fertility
and attitudes towards fertility. The relationships between ethnic
assimilation (measured by the extent to which immigrants will have
subscribed to the core values of Canadian society through life
style or behaviourial characteristics and social networks),
socioeconomic status (that is, level of education and income), and
six variables used to measure fertility and attitudes towards
fertility of Black African immigrant women in Canada are examined.
These include: ideal number of children; ideal number of Sons;
currently preventing pregnancy; currently pregnant or trying to get
pregnant; children ever born still living and more sons than
daughters. The African women who participated in the study were all
immigrants in Canada, selected from the different African
communities. Only women in their child bearing years were selected.
An attempt was made to include women from all the different
categories of immigrants. Africans that were not black and blacks
from North America and the Caribbean were excluded from the sample.
Data collection for the study was at the micro-level. In total, 165
questionnaires, consisting of structured questions were handed out.
Results revealed statistically significant relationships
between ethnic assimilation and fertility and attitudes towards
fertility. For example, a significant relationship existed between
attending African dances, parties and informal social affairs, and currently preventing pregnancy, and pregnant or trying to get
pregnant. A significant negative correlation was found between
income and children ever born that were still living. Age too was
found to be related to fertility, with women in the older
age—group (35-44) reporting higher averages for ideal number of
children and sons, as opposed to those in the younger age—groups
and the entire population. Surprisingly enough, no significant
relationships were recorded between level of education, feeling of
ethnicity, maintenance of contact with homeland, years spent in
Canada, residence in Africa, the category immigrants belonged to,
and fertility as originally anticipated.
43
Ogilvie, Gina Suzanne. "Trends in care for HIV positive pregnant women in British Columbia, 1994-1999." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11850.
Full textAbstract:
Background: With the increasing prevalence of HIV in Canadian women of child
bearing age, there is an attendant risk for increased perinatal HIV transmission. Use of
combination antiretroviral therapy in the HIV positive pregnancy, coupled with AZT
during labour and for the infant can significantly decrease risk of perinatal HIV
transmission to less than five percent. There is a need to establish i f Canadian HIV
positive pregnant women are receiving this intervention, and i f this has lead to a decrease
in perinatal HIV transmission in the Canadian setting. It is also important to establish i f
use of these medications in the antepartum period has any negative consequences on the
developing fetus.
Methods: This study used data gathered both retrospectively and prospectively from the
Oak Tree Clinic, the provincial centre providing clinical care for HIV positive pregnant
women in British Columbia. Care that HIV positive maternal infant pairs received
between January 1994 and December 1999 was evaluated. Chi square tests were
conducted to compare event rates between cohorts, and odds ratios with confidence
intervals were conducted to provide a measure of the strength of association between two
variables. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and all reported p
values are two sided.
Results: One hundred and forty five HIV positive pregnancies were evaluated at Oak
Tree Clinic. Ninety-nine HIV positive women gave birth to 116 infants. Sixty five
maternal infant pairs received some type of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy.
Twenty four pairs received combination antiretroviral therapy, twelve received dual
therapy and twenty nine received AZT monotherapy. Eighteen infants contracted HIV,
for an overall transmission rate of 15.5%. There has been a significant increase in the use
of combination treatment in pregnancy since 1996 (38.3% vs 75%; OR 6.37; 95% CI 2.4
-17.1) and a reduction in the perinatal transmission rate in the same time period (25% vs
5.4%, OR 5.9; 95% CI 1.6-21.6). In this study, no specific treatment regimen was linked
consistently with any adverse effects in the pregnancy or in the infant.
Conclusion: In one Canadian province, there has been a significant increase in the use of
combination antiretroviral treatment for HIV positive maternal infant pairs. This has lead
to a reduction in the perinatal transmission of HIV.
44
Jules, Diena Marie. "Traditional ways Shuswap people identified and nurtured gifted and talented girls: Shuswap eminent women tell their stories." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4676.
Full textAbstract:
Much of the literature on First Nations education is written by Euro-
Canadians. However, in recent years, American Indian scholars have initiated
research on gifted and talented First Nations children. The purpose of this paper is
to present eminent Shuswap womens' perspectives of traditional ways gifted and
talented girls were identified and nurtured over their lifetime.
Seven eminent Shuswap Elder women from the Interior of British Columbia,
whose gifts and talents were identified and nurtured form the nucleus of the study.
Because Shuswap people traditionally have an oral culture very little was written of
the Shuswap peoples' experiences, therefore, interviewing was deemed the most
appropriate research technique. Through the Elder's own words, the experiences of
the identification and nurturance of their gifts and talents in the four phases of life
(childhood, adolescence, adult, Elder) are presented.
The Elders were selected to represent various time periods and several
different bands of the Shuswap Nation. All of them have been recognized for their
service to the people locally, provincially, or nationally.
The most outstanding feature which is revealed by this study is the extent
to which the Elders struggled to stay on the path paved for them throughout their
lives since their grandparents identified their gifts and talents. Their struggles may
be viewed the same way First Nation people continue their fight for their aboriginal
rights.
The need to continue the work of preserving, recording, perpetuating and
enhancing the Shuswap language, history and culture is shown here. Implications
for further qualitative research are numerous. From specific aspects of culture such as the Shuswap concept of giftedness and the traditional ways Shuswap people
identified and nurtured boys to more general comparisons of finding a national First
Nations concept of giftedness or trying to determine how band-operated school are
trying to identify and nurture their gifted and talented students, there are many
possibilities. What has emerged is strong individuals and cultural group healing,
adapting and surviving very well despite the dark ages.
45
Moore, Magdalena Dorothy Kean. "’The bob-shingle regime that rules the feminine world’ : consumerism, women and work in 1920s British Columbia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15780.
Full textAbstract:
This project is a case study of the hairdressing industry in British Columbia in the 1920s.
It argues that gender divisions persisted as consumerism became increasingly important to
British Columbians, and that despite British Columbia's sometimes challenging engagement
with international consumerism, the province's economy remained remarkably synchronized
with international trends. It tells the story of the rapid expansion and feminization of hair
services markets and businesses; examines the public and legislative debates about the
importance of consumer services such as hairdressing and its customers; and reveals the
persistence of gendered divisions in the early transition to a consumer services society. Using
British Columbian newspaper reports, American and Canadian women's and union periodicals,
city directories, national censuses, and government reports, the project looks first at the
increasing pressures in the 1920s from business owners, advertisers, and magazine editors to
adopt new, fashionable hairstyles and the sources of ambivalence among women about the new
styles. It then turns to hairdressing as a business and source of employment, and after briefly
reviewing the history of hairdressing in North America looks at the rapid expansion of
hairdressing businesses in British Columbia during the 1920s; the demographic characteristics of
hairdressing workers and entrepreneurs; and the feminization of the hair services industry. It also
explores the connection between feminist ideals and women's entrepreneurship in the hair
services field. Finally, the hairdressers' attempt to gain regulation from the provincial
government is examined at the end of the decade, with a particular focus on how consumerism
and hairdressing, its workers and customers, are characterized. The legislative and public debates
about hairdressing regulation reveal anxiety about consumerism and persistent gender divisions
as British Columbia began to shift toward a consumer-oriented society. It concludes that British
Columbia, despite its primary resource economic base, remained remarkably in step with
international trends, from feminization of services to regulation of those services, of which
hairdressing was just a beginning.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>History, Department of<br>Graduate
46
Zhang, Yujie. "Construction and transformation of identity and power relationship : mainland Chinese women immigrants in Vancouver." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12304.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an attempt to examine contemporary Chinese women immigrants from
Mainland China and their adaptation into Canadian society. In this locally based research,
I focus on how Chinese women integrate into Canadian society as immigrants; how they
identify themselves in the new social context; what factors affect their identification; and
how inherent power relationships between men and women within Chinese society have
been redefined and transformed as the immigrant women assert themselves in the new
society in response to new opportunities and obligations that are presented to them. This
study is based on a series of face-to-face interviews that were chosen through snowball
sampling method. 20 interviews were conducted and the data were qualitatively analyzed.
I found that changes occurred with their multiple identities, which include class identity,
ethnic and cultural identity, and gender identity. Most women experienced downward
mobility in social and economic status after immigration due to lack of appropriate
positions in the labor market and also the feeling of a lack of power as a consequence of
ethnic minority membership; almost all of them have bidimentional cultural identity
which means they identify with some aspects of Canadian culture while maintaining their
Chinese culture of origin; and traditional Chinese gender ideology still plays a main role
in redefining.gender identity which is embodied in the immigration decisions and the
conflict between family and occupation. Economic, educational, occupational, social and
relational power resources are factors affecting the transformation and redefinition of the
power relationship between husband and wife. These factors work together in changing
the allocation of power resources between husband and wife and affect the decision
making process within a family.
47
Adamuti-Trache, Maria. "Post-secondary paths in science for B.C. young women and men." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14342.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to identify typical patterns of career destinations for young
women and men in relation to their high school science preparedness. This is an empirical
structural study that documents the way high school academic capital is turned (or not)
into human capital for science and engineering professions. The study uses ten years of
longitudinal data on educational and career paths of British Columbia high school
graduates of the Class of '88. Correspondence analysis and other descriptive statistics
provide a picture of students' participation in mathematics and science senior high school
courses and post-secondary academic programs. School course choices, post-secondary
educational attainment, specialization fields are correlated to respondents' high school
science preparedness, parental education and gender. A major finding of this study is that
high school science preparedness opens greater opportunity for students to attend and
succeed along abroad range of post-secondary pathways. Still, thesis findings confirm
the existence of a "leaking" phenomenon along the physical sciences and engineering
post-secondary pipeline, especially for women as well as men with non-university
educated parents. Equity in access and outcomes is discussed in relation to respondents'
possession of cultural and academic capital, and in relation to gender inequality that
persists within school and post-secondary institutions, the science community and society
at large. Implications for further research emerge from the literature review and the
interpretation of thesis findings. Longitudinal research needs to explore more directly the
reasons why many young women and men who excelled in science at the high school
level depart from the science pipeline sooner or later. A major conclusion is that the
"critical mass" approach that directs attention toward creating a large supply pool to feed
the science pipeline by encouraging more young women to enter the field of science is
still a unilateral numerical strategy, and more has to be done to improve the retention and
advancement of talented women interested in science. This thesis reinforces the need for
an analysis of the culture of the science community and a revision of the leaking science
pipeline concept that should be replaced by a more open non-linear model of science
careers.
48
Foley, Janice R. "Redistributing union power to women : the experiences of two women’s committees." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8765.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined women’s committees in two public sector unions in British
Columbia with predominantly female memberships over a twenty year period. The question
addressed was how and under what circumstances the committees could secure gains for
women, given a context where women remain at a power disadvantage relative to men.
Gains sought were of three types: 1) improvements in contract clauses particularly
beneficial to women; 2) increased female participation in union governance; and 3)
structural changes conducive to future increases in female participation in union governance.
Structures as defmed included both formal structures and other regularized procedures,
including processes of communication, decision making and resource distribution.
Based on literatures from several disciplines, a power model was developed that
guided data collection. Data were collected via archival research and semi-structured
interviews, and analyzed qualitatively.
The study found that the structures governing how the committees operated were
significant factors in committee effectiveness and that the active cooperation of the
leadership and/or the membership ensured that structures conducive to committee
effectiveness existed. The committees’ major challenge was to align their goals with those
of the leadership or the membership in order to generate the level of support that would
permit them to achieve their goals. The degree of alignment between committee and
membership goals affected to what extent the committee could secure goals not supported
by the leadership and was the major variable affecting committee power. However,
committee power was not necessarily associated with the level of gains achieved for women because both leadership and membership actions and existing union structures could induce
outcomes for women not orchestrated by the committees.
As a result of this research, the initial power model was refined and the restrictions
on the committees’ and leaderships’ use of power were clarified. The utility of crossing the
disciplinary boundaries between organizational theory, industrial relations, and political
science to explore how power is exercised in unions was demonstrated. Support for the
political model of organizations was generated, suggesting that insights gained from the
study of unions might advance organizational theorizing.
49
Naidu, Paromita. "Presences and perspectives: investigating the role of physical activity and sport in the lives of three Indo-Canadian women." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8186.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of physical activity in the lives of
three Indian women living in Canada, specifically in the Lower Mainland, and to examine
some of the more prominent issues they are facing in today's physical activity context by giving
voice to their experiences and stories. This is a vital area to investigate because of the
tendency to universalize and stereotype Indo-Canadian women without properly understanding
their cultural backgrounds and the content and context of their physical activity experiences.
I wish to understand what has motivated Indo-Canadian women to get involved with
and continue with physical activity pursuits; and to what degree have social support structures
(family, school, community, peers) influenced their decisions. Women in this particular age
bracket (25-35) will hopefully be able to articulate not only their sporting experiences, but also
their opportunities, constraints, dissatisfactions and accomplishments as they relate to physical
activity.
Social support structures such as family, community and school, physicality and the
body, leadership and mentoring and self-promotion and marketing are some of the more
prominent themes. The methodology chosen to extract the data is that of life story interviews.
A series of in-depth interviews conducted with each of the individual participants reveals their
own unique, complex and selective life and physical activity experiences.
Each woman seemed to view, and construct the issue of participation in physical
activity as a personal responsibility for community development. For example, one woman
struggled to create and find support for an all-Indian dragon boat team and define a space for
Indian women, while another desired to promote alternatives and encourage women to dance and maintain culture at a community level. The third participant's goals included increasing the
participation rates of younger Indian women, by providing positive leadership.
The participants are teaching Indian women and girls to un-learn an exclusion of self.
Solutions proposed and implemented by them included: female-only environments, minimal or
no-cost sessions, training and employing South Asians, daycare, accommodation of religious
calendar, transportation, education in community and family, choice of attire, use of ethnic
language, and redefinition of common images.
50
Atleo, Marlene R. "The effects of social role attitudes on the planning behavior of First Nations mothers." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2629.
Full textAbstract:
A common perception by non-natives is that First Nations people do not plan. Conversely, this study takes the position that planning is a universal human ability embedded in social relations and investigates how First Nations families plan. The pattern of planning and social role expectations of the First Nations mother were investigated in the Family Resource Management Framework (Deacon & Firebaugh, 1989) for which the authors claim cross cultural utility. Using the framework, the "Maternal Social Role Attitude and Planning Model", was developed to guide the study in a bicultural context. Guided by this model, the relationships between the personal value of and commitment to (salience) social expectations of First Nations mothers in four life roles, the sociodemographic attributes of mothers and families, and their planning behaviors were explored. Forty First Nations mothers with school aged children responded to the survey through First Nations organizations and affiliations. The three-part questionnaire included demographic measures, the Planning Behavior Scale and the Life Role Salience Scale. Scale management, validation, and performance with this population were discussed. Three dimensions of planning were identified (morphostatic planning, morphogenic planning, and adherence to rules). Social role attitudes in order of salience were: parental role, home care role, occupational role, and marital role. Salience of occupational role attitudes and income were the most important predictors of planning generally. Lower levels of educational status specifically predicted planning by adherence to rules. A multiple regression test of the model revealed characteristics of the family and maternal systems and maternal social role attitudes that contributed significantly to explaining three dimensions of planning behavior in First Nations families. Adherence to rules and morphostatic planning were explained by the maternal social attitude, occupational role salience, and income. Morphogenic planning was explained by, income, living in a smaller community, and the maternal social attitude, occupational role salience. The maternal social role attitude, occupational role salience, was shown to make an important positive contribution to the planning of First Nations mothers. The performance of the model as an analytical tool has provided some knowledge about the planning behavior of First Nations mothers.