Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women, Black – Lesotho – Economic conditions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Women, Black – Lesotho – Economic conditions'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Women, Black – Lesotho – Economic conditions"

Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Labor Force Participation of Black and White Married Women: Evidence from Urban Labor Markets." Review of Black Political Economy 24, no. 1 (1995): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911827.

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The study theoretically argues that differential economic conditions constitute an important rationale for structural differences in labor force participation (LFP) between black and white married women. Empirical evidence based on 1980 census data for metropolitan statistical areas provides support for the concomitant hypotheses. Not only is the LFP propensity for black wives larger, but also it is relatively insensitive to the arguments of the LFP function. Thus policies designed to influence the LFP of these two racial groups must internalize the differential economic conditions between them.

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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Occupational Mobility of Black Women, 1958–1981: The Impact of Post-1964 Antidiscrimination Measures." ILR Review 45, no. 2 (1992): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500206.

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This study finds that between 1965 and 1981, black women's occupational mobility rose relative to that of white women and white men by about 20% and 24%, respectively, and that more than half of these gains remain even after controlling for pre-existing trends, cyclical economic conditions, education, and factors potentially influencing the labor supply. No evidence is found to support the null hypothesis that this pattern is explained in significant measure by a decline in the labor supply of black women. The author argues, instead, that the results reflect the effects of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and, by the mid-1970s, affirmative action laws.

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Noelke, Clemens, Yu-Han Chen, Theresa L. Osypuk, and Dolores Acevedo-Garcia. "Economic Downturns and Inequities in Birth Outcomes: Evidence From 149 Million US Births." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 6 (2019): 1092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz042.

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Abstract Using birth certificate data for nearly all registered US births from 1976 to 2016 and monthly data on state unemployment rates, we reexamined the link between macroeconomic variation and birth outcomes. We hypothesized that economic downturns reduce exposure to work-related stressors and pollution while increasing exposure to socioeconomic stressors like job loss. Because of preexisting inequalities in health and other resources, we expected that less-educated mothers and black mothers would be more exposed to macroeconomic variation. Using fixed-effect regression models, we found that a 1-percentage-point increase in state unemployment during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the probability of preterm birth by 0.1 percentage points, while increases in the state unemployment rate during the second/third trimester reduced the probability of preterm birth by 0.06 percentage points. During the period encompassing the Great Recession, the magnitude of these associations doubled in size. We found substantial variation in the impact of economic conditions across different groups, with highly educated white women least affected and less-educated black women most affected. The results highlight the increased relevance of economic conditions for birth outcomes and population health as well as continuing, large inequities in the exposure and impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on birth outcomes.

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Schmitz, Susanne, and Paul E. Gabriel. "The Impact of Changes in Local Labor Market Conditions on Estimates of Occupational Segregation." Review of Black Political Economy 21, no. 1 (1992): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689953.

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Recent work by labor economists has suggested that differential labor market treatment of minorities (e.g., occupational segregation) may vary across local labor markets. This study assesses whether changing economic conditions in a local labor market affects the degree of occupational segregation by race and gender in the United States. Our empirical analysis finds evidence that the relative occupational structures of white women and black males are systematically related to changes in certain local labor market conditions.

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Lipscomb, H. J., J. M. Dement, C. A. Epling, M. A. Mcdonald, and A. L. Schoenfisch. "Are we Failing Vulnerable Workers? the Case of Black Women in Poultry Processing in Rural North Carolina." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 17, no. 2 (2007): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104829110701700204.

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In 1989, North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspectors cited two poultry processing plants in northeastern North Carolina for serious repetitive motion problems. In 1990, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health confirmed significant upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders among workers. We now report on analyses of baseline data collected from a cohort of women employed in one of these plants. The plant, which is the largest employer of women in the area, is located in a sparsely populated area with a black majority where nearly one-third of the population lives below the poverty level. Conditions we report suggest failure of existing health and safety systems, both regulatory and consultative, to prevent morbidity among vulnerable women in this industry, as well as social and economic conditions that influence availability of work and use of benefits to which they are entitled.

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Caputo, Richard K. "Gender and Race: Employment Opportunity and the American Economy, 1969–1991." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, no. 4 (1995): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600405.

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The author examined the relationship between gender and race with regard to economic conditions and employment opportunities between 1969 and 1991. The study showed that women in general and white women in particular experienced increasing employment opportunities and rising wages in the 1970s and 1980s, that the “privileged” economic status of white males eroded in the 1970s and 1980s, that blacks experienced greater income equality than whites from the 1970s to the 1980s, and that the income gains black men experienced in the 1970s declined markedly in the 1980s. Implications of pursuing a high-wage, high-tech economy for racial and gender groups are discussed.

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Waller, Steven N., Dawn M. Norwood, LeQuez Spearman, and Fritz G. Polite. "Black American female Olympic Athletes have not reaped the same social standing and economic benefits that their counterparts have since the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City." Sport Science Review 25, no. 1-2 (2016): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0003.

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Abstract This paper presents an abbreviated version of an ‘elite’ interview conducted with Madeline Manning-Mims. The 1968 Olympic protest was a pivotal moment in Olympic and American sports history. At the forefront of the protest was the pre-eminent sport sociologist Dr. Harry Edwards. Edwards’ leadership catalyzed the African American boycott of the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, however, Black female athletes were either silenced or recused themselves from the protest. A series of semi-structured, retrospective interview questions were posed to Manning-Mims to gather her perspectives on the progress that Black American, women Olympic athletes have made in the USA from 1968 to present. Analysis of the ‘expert’ interview with Mims indicated that: 1) the social conditions in the United States that have plagued Black female athletes in 1968 had changed for the better; 2) on the whole Black U.S. athletes in the second millennium have become “commoditized” after the Olympics and gain substantially from their celebrity; and 3) Black female athletes can become enslaved to the economics of their celebrity if they are not careful.

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Singh, Gayatri. "Paradoxical Payoffs: Migrant Women, Informal Sector Work, and Hiv/Aids in South Africa." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 17, no. 2 (2007): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104829110701700208.

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In post-apartheid South Africa, there has been a significant rise in women's out-migration from rural areas and across its territorial borders for economic purposes resulting in gender reconfiguration of migration streams. Alongside, there has been a simultaneous increase in the participation of women in the labor force. However, this has mostly grown in the informal sector,1 which is often associated with low earnings and insecure working conditions. One consequence has been the increasing reliance of migrant women on survivalist activities such as informal sexual exchanges that increase their risk of contracting HIV infection. Insecure working environments also expose migrant women to sexual abuses. This article is based on the author's work in South Africa's major urban centers and examines the nature of the relationship between the increased migration of black African women in South Africa, the nature of their work, and their resultant vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.

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Menezes, Maria Lucia Neto, Joana de Faria Oliveira Bezerra, and Julia de Faria Oliveira Bezerra. "Epidemiological profile of maternal deaths in a referral hospital for high-risk pregnancy." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 16, no. 5 (2015): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2015000500013.

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Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of maternal deaths in a referral public hospital. Methods: it is aretrospective, descriptive study of cross-section type. Variables in the death certifications and maternal death investigationforms were analyzed. Results: there were 93 cases recorded, corresponding to the ratio of 228.4 maternal deaths per100,000 live births. Most of these deaths were from women aged 20-29 years old (47.3%), undergoing cesarean section(39.8%). Most deaths occurred in the postpartum period (66.7%), by direct obstetric causes (55.9%), especially: infection(28%), cardiovascular disease (20.4%) and lung disease (10.8%). Conclusion: maternal deaths occurred in a context ofsocio-economic unfavorable condition, especially affecting young women, black, victimized by infectious conditions andcardiovascular diseases. The importance of improving the quality of records, surveillance deaths and postnatal care wereevident.

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Kabenkama, Joseph Médard Kabeya, Lydie Banza Ilunga, Michel Lelo Tshikwela, Jean Mukaya Tshibola, Tozin Rahma, and Jean-Marie Mbuyi Muamba. "Multidetector CT in Quantitative Morphometric Assessment of Post-Menopausal Vertebral Fractures in Black Women of Central Africa." Research in Health Science 2, no. 4 (2017): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v2n4p335.

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Osteoporosis and major Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are identified by WHO as leading cause of death worldwide.Its economic burden is heavy worldwide and in particularly in low income countries.DXA availability is poorly in our country. Spine CT scanner with sagittal reformattion images are known for the ease quotation of vertebral fractures by quantitative morphometric system described by Genant et al. (1996).Patients and methods430 consecutives post menopausal women refered for Thoraco-lumbar CT scanner from June 2011 to june were enrolled in this study and theirs CT images used to quote vertebrae.Results12.89% of a total of 4730 vertebrae were fractured whose more than half (7.82%) of grade 1. The fracture rate is lower than in caucasian and asean and increase with ageing and duration of menopausis (24.51% in 70 years of age and over).Conclusion Vertebral fracture global frequency was 12.89%.Vertebral fractures are present in our population and adverses consequences will arises in terms of morbidity and mortality.Lack of infrastuctures, health policy and powerty will contributes to boost for a bader pronostics.The method is reproductible and can be used as routine clinical tools in conditions of poor availability of DXA.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Women, Black – Lesotho – Economic conditions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Women, Black – Lesotho – Economic conditions"