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1
Bright, David. "“The Other Woman: Lizzie Cyr and the Origins of the ‘Persons Case’”." Canadian journal of law and society 13, no. 2 (1998): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100005755.
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AbstractIn 1929, the British Privy Council reversed an earlier ruling by Canada's Supreme Court that Canadian women did not, under the British North America Act, qualify as persons. Historians have long heralded this so-called ‘Persons Case’ as a turning point in the recognition of Canadian women's rights. However, little attention has been paid to the case's origins, which date back to the trial of an alleged prostitute in Calgary in 1917. That case successfully tested the right of women to hold high public office in Alberta – in this case, Calgary Police Magistrate Alice Jamieson – and began the subsequent twelve-year battle. However, this victory was achieved only at the expense of the rights of another woman: the alleged prostitute Lizzie Cyr. At best, then, the ‘Persons Case’ should be regarded as a tainted victory.
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Campbell, Lyndsay. "Race, Upper Canadian Constitutionalism and “British Justice”." Law and History Review 33, no. 1 (February 2015): 41–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000558.
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This article explores a puzzle in Canadian legal historiography: the meaning of “British justice” and its relationship to race. Scholars have noted the use of this term in the interwar years of the twentieth century, to object to demonstrations of racial bias in the legal system. The puzzle is why. From the mid-1850s onward, statutes aimed at circumscribing the rights and opportunities of aboriginal people multiplied. British Columbia passed anti-Chinese, anti-Japanese, and anti-Indian legislation. Saskatchewan prohibited Chinese and Japanese employers from hiring white women. At least some officials supposed that legislation targeting African Canadians would be permissible. In 1924, the TorontoTelegramcalled for a poll tax against Jews. It is clear that between 1880 and 1920 or thereabouts, federal and provincial law was deeply involved in creating and reifying legal categories that rested explicitly on physical distinctions perceived to exist among people, which were assumed to signal morally and legally relevant characteristics. Why, then, would anyone have thought that “British justice” should be a shield against racism?
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Johnson, Miriam M., Jane Lewis, Marilyn Porter, and Mark Shrimpton. "Women, Work and Family in the British, Canadian and Norwegian Offshore Oilfields." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 3 (May 1989): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073836.
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Pearce, Lynne. "The Viewer as Producer: British and Canadian Feminists reading Prudence Heward’s “Women”." RACAR : Revue d'art canadienne 25, no. 1-2 (1998): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071617ar.
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Thompson, Matthew J., Victoria M. Taylor, Yutaka Yasui, T. Gregory Hislop, J. Carey Jackson, Alan Kuniyuki, and Chong Teh. "Hepatitis B Knowledge and Practices Among Chinese Canadian Women in Vancouver, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Public Health 94, no. 4 (July 2003): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403606.
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Van Huizen, Philip. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies." American Review of Canadian Studies 49, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2019.1583384.
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Jenkins, Iwan. "Response to Skinner, et al. on “National Personality Characteristics: II. Adaption-Innovation in Canadian, American, and British Samples”." Psychological Reports 97, no. 1 (August 2005): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.107-108.
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Skinner, et al. interpreted as significant the difference between means for Canadian men and women on Kirton's inventory and those for British and American samples. The means were similar to prior values. Skinner, et al.'s groups were large and composed of very unequal numbers of men and women, which factors could account for their interpretation. As reported, their analysis is insufficient to interpret very small mean variations as differences in national character.
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Curtin, Kimberley D., Tanya R. Berry, Kerry S. Courneya, Kerry R. McGannon, Colleen M. Norris, Wendy M. Rodgers, and John C. Spence. "Investigating relationships between ancestry, lifestyle behaviors and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer among Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 17, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515118755729.
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Background: Ethnic minority groups including Asians in Canada have different knowledge and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer compared with the ethnic majority group. Aim: Examine relationships between perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer, and lifestyle behaviors for Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry. Methods: Women with South Asian ( n = 170) and with British ( n = 373) ancestry ( Mage = 33.01, SD = 12.86) reported leisure time physical activity, intended fruit and vegetable consumption, disease perceptions (ability to reduce risk, control over getting the diseases, and influence of family history), and demographic information. Mann–Whitney tests and multiple hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and disease perceptions, with ancestry explored as a possible moderator. Results: Participants with South Asian ancestry believed they had greater ability to reduce their risk and have control over getting breast cancer than participants with British ancestry. Family history influences on getting either disease was perceived as higher for women with British ancestry. Age was positively related to all three perceptions in both diseases. Intended fruit and vegetable consumption was positively related to perceptions of ability to reduce risk and control of both diseases, but was stronger for women with South Asian ancestry regarding perceptions of breast cancer. Leisure time physical activity was positively related to perceptions of control over getting heart disease for women with British ancestry. Conclusions: Women’s disease perceptions can vary by ancestry and lifestyle behaviors. Accurate representation of diseases is essential in promoting effective preventative behaviors.
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Campbell, Lara. "Modernity and Progress: The Transnational Politics of Suffrage in British Columbia (1910-1916)." Atlantis 41, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1074021ar.
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Canadian historians have underplayed the extent to which theproject of suffrage and first wave feminism was transnational in scope. The suffrage movement in British Columbia provides a good example of the global interconnections of the movement. While BC suffragists were relatively uninterested in pan-Canadian campaigns they explicitly situated provincial suffrage within three transnational relationships: the ‘frontier’ myth of the Western United States, radical direct action by suffragettes in the United Kingdom, and the rise of modern China. By the second decade of the 20thcentury, increasingly confident women’s suffrage societies hosted international visits and contributed to global print culture, both of which consolidated a sense of being part of a modern, international and unstoppable movement.
BC suffragists were attuned to American suffrage campaigns in California, Oregon and Washington, which granted female suffrage after referenda and situated political rights for settler women in the context of Western progress narratives. The emphasis on progress and modernity intersected with growing connections to non-Western countries, complicating racialized arguments for settler women’s rights to vote. BC suffragists were particularly impressed by the role of feminism in Chinese political reform and came to understand Chinese women as symbolizing modernity, progress, and equality. Finally, the militant direct action in the British suffrage movement played a critical role in how BC suffragists imagined the role of tactical political violence. They were in close contact with the militant WSPU, hosted debates on the meaning of direct action, and argued that suffragettes were heroes fighting for a just cause. They pragmatically used media fascination with suffragette violence for political purposes by reserving the possibility that unmet demands for political equality might lead to Canadian conflict in the future.
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Hupfer, Maureen. "Anything in Skirts Stands a Chance: Marketing the Canadian North-West to British Women, 1880-1914." Journal of Macromarketing 18, no. 1 (June 1998): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027614679801800106.
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Swain, Shurlee. "Sarah Carter. Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies." American Historical Review 124, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy549.
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Morgan, Cecilia. "“Of Slender Frame and Delicate Appearance”: the Placing of Laura Secord in the Narratives of Canadian Loyalist History." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031079ar.
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Abstract In late nineteenth-century English Canada, particularly in Ontario, national identity and discourses of loyalty were frequently linked to Canadian history in general and. specifically, the legacy of the War of 1812. The commemoration of this war was especially important for those writers and historians who wished to maintain the country's link to Britain for, during this conflict, the colonial population had supposedly demonstrated their loyalty and devotion to Britain by helping to repulse American attacks. Both "national" historians and those who were members of the local historical societies that emerged in the 1880s wrote about the war and, in particular, male military heroes such as Major-General Isaac Brock. However, during this period a female symbol of national identity and loyalty to Britain also emerged, that of Laura Secord. While both male and female historians were interested in Secord, it was largely through the efforts of Anglo-Celtic, upper- and middle-class women that Secord became a heroine of the War of 1812. Many of these women were firm supporters of imperialism and the maintenance of British traditions in Canada, as well as being active in women's suffrage groups and other, related causes such as temperance. Their celebrations of Secord's walk and the narratives which they constructed about her contribution to Upper Canadian loyalty are significant not only for their recognition of women s contribution to Canadian history; they also help illustrate the relationships of gender, race, and imperialism in Canadian feminist and nationalist discourses.
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Montgomery, Sarah, Angella Lee, Nasime Sarbar, Deborah Zibrik, and Yvonne Lamers. "High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy During Late Postpartum in Canadian Mothers." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_087.
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Abstract Objectives To assess maternal dietary intake and adequacy at postpartum and to determine whether lifestyle characteristics and breastfeeding status are related to nutrient intakes. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 129 mothers at 18-mo postpartum, whose families were enrolled into a randomized toddler intervention trial, in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada. The Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (C-DHQ II) was used to estimate usual dietary intake in the mothers during the preceding 12 months (i.e., between 6- to 18-mo postpartum). Implausible energy intakes were defined as <600 kcal/day or >3500 kcals/day, and excluded from analysis. Demographic and lifestyle characteristic data about the pregnancy and postpartum time period were collected using a questionnaire. Results Maternal mean (SD) age at birth was 33.5 (4.0) years and most women were of European (46%) or Asian (38%) ethnicity, and had Bachelor's degree or higher education (70%). About 75%, 88%, and 89% did not meet their dietary requirements (i.e., intake below the EAR) for fiber, potassium, and vitamin D intakes, from food only, respectively. Considering total dietary intake from food and supplements, the prevalence of dietary vitamin D inadequacy was 25%. Women of European ethnicity had higher vitamin D intake (median (IQR) in mg/1000kcal/day: 19.5 (7.26,101)) compared to Asian women (10.8 (3.87, 21.1); P < 0.05). Dietary vitamin D intake was higher in breastfeeding (i.e., providing breastmilk as primary milk source, i.e., ³2 times/day, to their 18-mo old toddlers) compared to non- or occasionally breastfeeding mothers (20.0 (10.5, 61.1) versus 14.9 (4.28, 26.7) mg/1000kcal/day; P < 0.05). Conclusions While most Canadian mothers in this sample met the EARs for most nutrients, the prevalence of dietary inadequacy was very high for vitamin D, potassium, and fiber. Some population groups may be especially at risk of developing nutrient deficiencies in this period of life characterized by postpartum recovery and transition; targeted public health strategies may be needed to address these deficiencies. Funding Sources This study is supported by The University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada, and is funded by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.
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Saffari, Niloufar, Mieke Koehoorn, Kimberlyn McGrail, and Christopher B. McLeod. "O7A.2 Gender, immigration status, and work disability for acute injuries." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A61.2—A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.164.
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BackgroundThe nature of work is changing rapidly with precarious work emerging as an occupational health issue. Both immigration status and gender are associated with precarious work and health inequalities. This paper investigated the modifying effect of gender on the relationship between immigration status and work disability duration for acute injuries in the Canadian context.MethodsWorkers in the Canadian jurisdiction of British Columbia with a workers’ compensation claim from 1995 to 2012 were linked to immigration data (n=8 83 830 claims), and categorized as recent (<10 years, 6.7%) or established immigrants (10+years, 4.0%), versus Canadian-born (89.3%). Work disability days one-year post-injury were modeled using quantile regression, adjusted for confounders and stratified by gender (29.6% women). The analyses was restricted to fractures (n=55 324 claims, 19.4% women), a ‘visible’ injury with a prescribed treatment trajectory within a public health care system.ResultsDisability duration for a work-related fracture was significantly longer for immigrant workers compared to Canadian–born workers regardless of immigration timing or gender, across the disability distribution: 7 to 10 days longer at the 25th percentile [e.g. recent immigrant women 10.4 [95% CI 5.6, 15.2] and men 8.9 days [6.8, 10.9]]; 12 to 15 days longer at the 50th percentile [e.g. recent immigrant women 15.3 [8.0, 22.7] and men 15.6 [12.5, 18.8]]; and 22 to 26 days longer at the 75th percentile [e.g. established immigrant women 22.5 [9.4, 35.8] and men 21.9 [13.4–30.3]].DiscussionLonger disabilities durations for fractures suggest that health inequalities and work vulnerabilities for immigrant workers are not readily explained by subjective injury characteristics or variability in clinical treatment guidelines. The current findings informed two research initiatives to investigate precarious employment on worker health, and to identity policy levers to mitigate inequalities.
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Johnson, Genevieve Fuji, and Robert Howsam. "Whiteness, Power and the Politics of Demographics in the Governance of the Canadian Academy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 53, no. 3 (June 11, 2020): 676–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000207.
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AbstractThe predominance of Whiteness, and the corresponding lack of representation of people who are both racialized and minoritized, in the governance of universities is a political issue. We present the results from an intersectional diversity audit of central and senior academic administrators at five Canadian universities: Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of Victoria and York University. Our findings indicate that racialized men and women are hitting ceilings in the middle administrative ranks. Conversely, we find a notable overrepresentation of White men and women in the senior administrative ranks. Our analysis suggests that White women, unlike racialized women and men, no longer face serious barriers to representation within these senior ranks. These findings raise concerns about processes of racialization that may impede career progress for some but accelerate it for others. They raise concerns about the politics of who lifts whom into the echelons of academic decision making, which in turn has implications for justice, knowledge and social meanings of competency.
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Quiney, Linda J. "“Sharing the Halo”: Social and Professional Tensions in the Work of World War I Canadian Volunteer Nurses." Ottawa 1998 9, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030494ar.
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Abstract The experience of some 500 Canadian and Newfoundland women who served overseas as Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) nurses during the Great War has been eclipsed by the British record. Sent as auxiliary assistants to trained nurses in the military hospitals, Canadian VADs confronted a complex mix of emotional, physical, and intellectual challenges, including their “colonial” status. As casually trained, inexperienced amateurs in an unfamiliar, highly structured hospital culture, they were often resented by the overworked and undervalued trained nurses, whose struggle for professional recognition was necessarily abandoned during the crisis of war. The frequently intimate physical needs of critically ill soldiers also demanded a rationalisation of the VAD's role as “nurse” within a maternalist framework that eased social tensions for both VAD and patient. As volunteers assisting paid practitioners, the Canadian VAD experience offers new insights into a critical era of women's developing professional identities.
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Johnstone, Tiffany. "Seeing for Oneself: Agnes Deans Cameron’s Ironic Critique of American Literary Discourse in The New North." Nordlit 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1165.
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In 1908, Agnes Deans Cameron, a schoolteacher, journalist andsuffragist from Victoria, British Columbia, traveled from Chicago to the Arctic with her niece, Jessie Cameron Brown. Cameron followed the original 1789 route of Alexander Mackenzie and was intent on being one of the first white women to explore and document this northern territory (Roy, "Primacy" 56). She wrote about her trip in the popular book The New North, which was published in New York in 1909 by Appleton. While The New North is written by a Canadian author about Canada, it is deliberately aimed at an American audience. Not only was the book published in the United States, but the narrative also begins and ends in Chicago and repeatedly depicts her Canadian surroundings according to American frontier motifs.
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Ross, MacIntosh, and Kevin B. Wamsley. "“The New Woman and the Manly Art”: Women and Boxing in Nineteenth-Century Canada." Sport History Review 51, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.2019-0005.
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On July 27, 1859, “Canada” Kate Clark met two Americans, Nellie Stem and Mary Dwyer, for a pair of prize fights in Fort Erie, Canada West. Beginning their adventure in Buffalo, New York, they rowed their way across the Niagara River to the fighting grounds in the British colony. Like pugilists before them, they stripped to the waist to limit potential grappling in battle. Both the journey and pre-fight fight preparations were tried and true components of mid-nineteenth century prize fighting. Although the press, and later historians, overwhelmingly associated such performances with male combatants, women were indeed active in Canadian pugilistic circles, settling scores, testing their mettle, and displaying their fistic abilities both pre- and post-Confederation. In this article, we begin to untangle the various threads of female pugilism, situating these athletes and performers within the broader literature on both boxing and women's sport in Canada. By examining media reports of female boxers—both in sparring and prize fighting—we hope to provide a historiographic foundation for further discussions of early female pugilism, highlighting the various ways these women upheld and challenged the notion of the “new woman” in Canada.
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Chilton, Lisa. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah Carter." University of Toronto Quarterly 87, no. 3 (August 2018): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.87.3.9.
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McKenna, Katherine M. J. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah Carter." Histoire sociale/Social history 50, no. 101 (2017): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/his.2017.0015.
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McManus, Sheila. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah Carter." Great Plains Quarterly 38, no. 2 (2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gpq.2018.0029.
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Larsen, Laura. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies. By Sarah Carter." Western Historical Quarterly 48, no. 4 (2017): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whx058.
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Barber, Marilyn. "Review: Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah Carter." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 2 (2018): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.2.360.
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Bullock, Nerida. "Pesky Polygamist Women: The Marginalization of Qualitative Data in British Columbia’s Charter Reference on Polygamy." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 36, no. 1 (April 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2020.24.
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AbstractThis paper explores the thorny mingling of law with qualitative social science methodologies through the lens of the 2010–11 Supreme Court of British Columbia Charter Reference on polygamy, which was conducted to determine whether the criminalization of polygamy was consistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Reference reveals how the marginalization of qualitative research(ers) effectively controlled whose voices were to be heard and whose were to be silenced in the broader project of sovereign intervention into family formation. With specific focus on Professor Angela Campbell, who provided expert opinion testimony in the Reference, this paper reflects on two important questions: when social science is invoked in legal settings, whose knowledge is legitimized, and who benefits from this legitimization? Drawing upon the longstanding feminist project of deconstructing assumptions of value-neutrality in all science, this paper considers how qualitative, feminist research(ers) may be inherently at odds with law’s quest for (rational) “truth.”
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McIsaac, Warren J., Rahim Moineddin, Christopher Meaney, and Tony Mazzulli. "Antibiotic-ResistantEscherichia coliin Women with Acute Cystitis in Canada." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 24, no. 3 (2013): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/547848.
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BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has been a traditional first-line antibiotic treatment for acute cystitis; however, guidelines do not recommend TMP-SMX in regions whereEscherichia coliresistance exceeds 20%. While resistance is increasing, there are no recent Canadian estimates from a primary care setting to guide prescribing decisions.METHODS: A total of 330 family physicians assessed 752 women with suspected acute cystitis between 2009 and 2011. Physicians documented clinical features and collected urine for cultures for 430 (57.2%) women. The proportion of resistant isolates ofE coliand exact binomial 95% CIs were estimated nationally, and compared regionally and demographically. These estimates were compared with those from a 2002 national study.RESULTS: The proportion of TMP-SMX-resistantE coliwas 16.0% nationally (95% CI 11.3% to 21.8%). This was not statistically higher than 2002 (10.9% [P=0.14]). TMP-SMX resistance was increased in women ≤50 years of age (21.4%) compared with older women (10.7% [P=0.037]). In women with no antibiotic exposure in the previous three months, TMP-SMX-resistantE coliremained more prevalent in younger women (21.8%) compared with older women (4.4% [P=0.003]). The proportion of ciprofloxacin-resistantE coliwas 5.5% nationally (95% CI 2.7% to 9.9%), and was increased compared with 2002 (1.1% [P=0.036]). Ciprofloxacin resistance was highest in British Columbia (17.7%) compared with other regions (2.7% [P=0.003]), and was increased compared with 2002 levels in this province (0.0% [P=0.025]). Nitrofurantoin-resistantE colilevels were low (0.5% [95% CI 0.01% to 2.7%).DISCUSSION: The proportion of TMP-SMX-resistantE colicausing acute cystitis in women in Canada remains below 20% nationally, but may exceed this level in premenopausal women. Ciprofloxacin resistance has increased, notably in British Columbia. Nitrofurantoin resistance levels are low across the country. These observations indicate that TMP-SMX and nitrofurantoin remain appropriate empirical antibiotic agents for treating cystitis in primary care settings in Canada.
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Alarie, Samuel, Julie Hagan, Gratien Dalpé, Sina Faraji, Cynthia Mbuya-Bienge, Hermann Nabi, Nora Pashayan, et al. "Risk-Stratified Approach to Breast Cancer Screening in Canada: Women’s Knowledge of the Legislative Context and Concerns about Discrimination from Genetic and Other Predictive Health Data." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080726.
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The success of risk-stratified approaches in improving population-based breast cancer screening programs depends in no small part on women’s buy-in. Fear of genetic discrimination (GD) could be a potential barrier to genetic testing uptake as part of risk assessment. Thus, the objective of this study was twofold. First, to evaluate Canadian women’s knowledge of the legislative context governing GD. Second, to assess their concerns about the possible use of breast cancer risk levels by insurance companies or employers. We use a cross-sectional survey of 4293 (age: 30–69) women, conducted in four Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Colombia, Ontario and Québec). Canadian women’s knowledge of the regulatory framework for GD is relatively limited, with some gaps and misconceptions noted. About a third (34.7%) of the participants had a lot of concerns about the use of their health information by employers or insurers; another third had some concerns (31.9%), while 20% had no concerns. There is a need to further educate and inform the Canadian public about GD and the legal protections that exist to prevent it. Enhanced knowledge could facilitate the implementation and uptake of risk prediction informed by genetic factors, such as the risk-stratified approach to breast cancer screening that includes risk levels.
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Massie, Alicia, and Yi Chien Jade Ho. "“Working Women Unite”: Exploring a Socialist Feminist, Nonhierarchical Teachers Union." Labor Studies Journal 45, no. 1 (March 2020): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x20909935.
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In this paper, we present and explore the case of the Teaching Support Staff Union (TSSU), an independent, directly democratic, and feminist labor union at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada. Operating continuously since the 1970s, we argue that TSSU is an important example of the ways in which gender and class have intersected within the history of the Canadian labor movement, and a fascinating case of a longstanding socialist feminist union. We also argue that alongside the historical relevance, exploring the constraints and possibilities of a feminist nonhierarchical organizational structure can offer important lessons for organizing in the twenty-first century. Adopting a socialist feminist framework, we speak from our experiences serving as TSSU executives, as graduate students, and as teachers within the larger academic machine. Marking its fortieth year in 2018, this active, young, and angry labor union can provide the labor movement and academics with a case study to reflect on how we can conceptualize social movement unionism; organize around and toward equity, diversity, and justice; and maintain a deep commitment to both feminist and class struggle.
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Bird, Kym. "Performing Politics: Propaganda, Parody and a Women's Parliament." Theatre Research in Canada 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 168–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.13.1.168.
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The initial phase of women's drama in Canada coincides with the first wave of 19th-century Canadian feminism and the Canadian women's reform movement. At the time, a variety of women wrote and staged plays that grew out of their commitment to the political, ideological and social context of the movement. The 'Mock Parliament,' a form of theatrical parody in which men's and women's roles are reversed, was collectively created by different groups of suffragists in Manitoba, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. This article attempts to recuperate these works for a history of Canadian feminist theatre. It will argue that the 'dual' conservative and liberal ideology of the suffrage movement informs all aspects of the Mock Parliament. On the one hand, these plays critique the division of gender roles that material feminism wants to uphold; they are testimony to the strength of a woman's movement that knew how to work as equal players within traditionally structured political organizations. On the other hand, they betray the safe, moderate tactics of an upper and middle-class, white womanhood who wanted political representation but no structural social change. These opposing tensions are inherent in theatrical parody which is both imitative and critical.
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Murphy, Mary. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah CarterImperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies. Sarah Carter. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2016. Pp. xxii+455, $31.95 paper." Canadian Historical Review 98, no. 4 (December 2017): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.98.4.rev10.
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Swann, Shayda A., Angela Kaida, Valerie Nicholson, Jason Brophy, Amber R. Campbell, Allison Carter, Chelsea Elwood, et al. "British Columbia CARMA-CHIWOS Collaboration (BCC3): protocol for a community-collaborative cohort study examining healthy ageing with and for women living with HIV." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e046558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046558.
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IntroductionWomen living with HIV (WLWH) experience accelerated ageing and an increased risk of age-associated diseases earlier in life, compared with women without HIV. This is likely due to a combination of viral factors, gender differences, hormonal imbalance and psychosocial and structural conditions. This interdisciplinary cohort study aims to understand how biological, clinical and sociostructural determinants of health interact to modulate healthy ageing in WLWH.Methods and analysisThe British Columbia Children and Women: AntiRetroviral therapy and Markers of Aging-Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CARMA-CHIWOS) Collaboration (BCC3) study will enrol WLWH (n=350) and sociodemographically matched HIV-negative women (n=350) living in British Columbia. A subset of BCC3 participants will be past participants of CARMA, n≥1000 women and children living with and without HIV, 2008–2018 and/or CHIWOS, n=1422 WLWH, 2013–2018. Over two study visits, we will collect biological specimens for virus serologies, hormones and biological markers as well as administer a survey capturing demographic and sociostructural–behavioural factors. Sociodemographics, comorbidities, number and type of chronic/latent viral infections and hormonal irregularities will be compared between the two groups. Their association with biological markers and psychostructural and sociostructural factors will be investigated through multivariable regression and structural equation modelling. Retrospective longitudinal analyses will be conducted on data from past CARMA/CHIWOS participants. As BCC3 aims to follow participants as they age, this protocol will focus on the first study visits.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Research Ethics Board (H19-00896). Results will be shared in peer-reviewed journals, conferences and at community events as well as at www.hivhearme.ca and @HIV_HEAR_me. WLWH are involved in study design, survey creation, participant recruitment, data collection and knowledge translation. A Community Advisory Board will advise the research team throughout the study.
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Norman, Wendy V., Barbara Hestrin, and Royce Dueck. "Access to Complex Abortion Care Service and Planning Improved through a Toll-Free Telephone Resource Line." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/913241.
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Background. Providing equitable access to the full range of reproductive health services over wide geographic areas presents significant challenges to any health system. We present a review of a service provision model which has provided improved access to abortion care; support for complex issues experienced by women seeking nonjudgmental family planning health services; and a mechanism to collect information on access barriers. The toll-free pregnancy options service (POS) of British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre sought to improve access to services and overcome barriers experienced by women seeking abortion.Methods. We describe the development and implementation of a province-wide toll-free telephone counseling and access facilitation service, including establishment of a provincial network of local abortion service providers in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1998 to 2010.Results. Over 2000 women annually access service via the POS line, networks of care providers are established and linked to central support, and central program planners receive timely information on new service gaps and access barriers.Conclusion. This novel service has been successful in addressing inequities and access barriers identified as priorities before service establishment. The service provided unanticipated benefits to health care planning and monitoring of provincial health care related service delivery and gaps. This model for low cost health service delivery may realize similar benefits when applied to other health care systems where access and referral barriers exist.
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Kent, Stephen A. "A Matter of Principle: Fundamentalist Mormon Polygamy, Children, and Human Rights Debates." Nova Religio 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2006.10.1.7.
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ABSTRACT: This article returns to questions involving fundamentalist Mormon polygamy first raised in articles by Martha Bradley and Lori G. Beaman in vol. 8, no. 1 (July 2004) of Nova Religio. While both authors acknowledged the potential for abuses in these communities, Bradley stressed their "effective adaptive strategies" while Beaman concluded that "[f]undamentalist groups, like those in Bountiful [British Columbia], are not perceived as a threat to the Canadian state." In response, this article argues that the fundamentalist Mormon communities of Colorado City and Bountiful have histories of polygamous marriages involving young, often underage teens, and on these grounds alone are maladaptive because they likely commit serious human rights violations against women in general and children in particular.
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McLean, Julia. "Prévenues et détenues logées à la même enseigne, l’exemple des prisons de Burnaby et Tanguay." Criminologie 28, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017372ar.
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This article addresses the issue of the particular categories and degrees of constraints imposed upon pre-trial and convicted female inmates in Canadian institutions, focusing on two of those referred to as examples, Maison Tanguay in the province of Québec and the Burnaby Correctional Centre for Women located in British Columbia. It describes the conditions faced by women, incarcerated for a more or less long term period, and attempts to portray some reasoning as to why a pre-trial inmate must be subjected to similar or worse prison conditions as that of a convicted fellow. In order of do so, the author considers studies such as Biron (1992), Heidensohn (1985) and Bertrand (I994). The article concludes by indicating that due to the incertainty of her situation (would the suspect be convicted, when and what would be the sentence?) a pre-trial inmate may suffer additional constraints compared to an inmate convicted to prison for several years.
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Campbell, Angela. "Bountiful’s plural marriages." International Journal of Law in Context 6, no. 4 (October 27, 2010): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552310000297.
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AbstractBountiful, British Columbia is Canada’s only openly polygamous community. Public discussions about Bountiful suggest that the only form of marriage practised there is polygamous, and that this is usually harmful to women and children. This article suggests that this monolithic representation of marriage in Bountiful misses the conjugal pluralism that exists in this community. Part I sets out the typical portrayal of marriage in Bountiful offered by Canadian public and political discussions. Part II contrasts this portrayal with five stories about marriage in Bountiful that the author observed or was told about while conducting field research. These stories indicate that conjugal heterogeneity is both existent and accepted in Bountiful. They also suggest that, in becoming and being a wife in Bountiful, women can experience varying degrees of choice and agency. All of this is relevant to exploring how a fuller recognition of the conjugal diversity and choices that may exist in a place like Bountiful might affect formal juridical approaches to polygamy.
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Golby, Riley, Brigitte Poirier, Marife Fabros, Jacquelyn J. Cragg, Masoud Yousefi, and Neil Cashman. "Five-Year Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in British Columbia (2010-2015)." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.280.
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AbstractBackground: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal degenerative neurological disease with significant effects on quality of life. International studies continue to provide consistent incidence values, though complete case ascertainment remains a challenge. The Canadian population has been understudied, and there are currently no quantitative data on the incidence of ALS in British Columbia (BC). The objectives of this study were to determine the five-year incidence rates of ALS in BC and to characterize the demographic patterns of the disease. Methods: The capture–recapture method was employed to estimate ALS incidence over a five-year period (2010-2015). Two sources were used to identify ALS cases: one database from an ALS medical centre and another from a not-for-profit ALS organization. Results: During this time period, there were 690 incident cases within the two sources. The capture–recapture method estimated 57 unobserved cases, corresponding to a crude five-year incidence rate of 3.29 cases per 100,000 (CI95%=3.05-3.53). The mean age of diagnosis was 64.6 (CI95%=59.7-69.4), with 63.5 (CI95%=56.9-70.1) for men and 65.7 (CI95%=58.6-72.7) for women. There was a slight male preponderance in incidence, with a 1.05:1 ratio to females. Peak numbers in incidence occurred between the ages of 70 and 79. Conclusions: The incidence of ALS in BC was found to be consistent with international findings though nominally higher than that in other Canadian provinces to date.
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Dragiewicz, Molly, and Ruth M. Mann. "Special Edition: Fighting Feminism – Organised Opposition to Women’s Rights; Guest Editors’ Introduction." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.313.
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This special issue presents a series of papers by scholars who participated in a workshop entitled ‘Men's Groups: Challenging Feminism’, which was held at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada, 26-27 May 2014. The workshop was organised by Susan B Boyd, Professor of Law and Chair in Feminist Legal Studies at the UBC Faculty of Law, and was sponsored by the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies at UBC, the Peter A Allard School of Law, the Centre for Feminist Legal Studies at UBC, and the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law. The aim of the workshop was to bring together feminist scholars from multiple disciplines and multiple national contexts to explore a source of resistance to feminism that has been largely overlooked in scholarly research: the growing number of nationally situated and globally linked organisations acting in the name of men's rights and interests which contend that men are discriminated against in law, education and government funding, and that feminism is to blame for this. This special edition presents eight papers inspired by the workshop, authored by scholars from Canada, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden and the United States. A second special issue comprised of eight other papers inspired by the workshop was published in the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law as volume 28(1) in 2016.To find out more about this special edition, download the PDF file from this page.
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McKinney, Caitlin. "Toward a Queer Canadian ArchiveDuder, Cameron. 2010. Awfully Devoted Women: Lesbian Lives in Canada, 190065. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 26 (November 2011): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia.26.208.
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Armitage, Sue. "Imperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies by Sarah CarterImperial Plots: Women, Land, and the Spadework of British Colonialism on the Canadian Prairies, by Sarah Carter. Winnipeg, University of Manitoba Press, 2016. xxii, 455 pp. $31.95 Cdn (paper), $25.00 Cdn (e-book)." Canadian Journal of History 52, no. 3 (December 2017): 614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.52.3.rev25.
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Cupido, Robert. "Appropriating the Past: Pageants, Politics, and the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation." Ottawa 1998 9, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030496ar.
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Abstract This paper explores the relationship between public commemoration and the construction of social and political identity in the period between the wars, through a case study of the historical pageants that played such a conspicuous part in the celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927. Nationalist elites in Ottawa attempted to exploit pageantry for nation-building purposes by disseminating selective images of the past, conforming to the officially approved themes of material progress, social harmony and political unity. At the local level, historical pageants were used to define and celebrate the community's links to the past, present and future, the contribution of different social groups to its development, and its relationship to the larger nation. By organizing and participating in the pageants and other civic rituals of the Jubilee year through their networks of voluntary associations, middle-class women consolidated their public role as guardians of collective memory and historical tradition. And for a number of important groups-French-Canadian nationalists, British-Canadian imperialists, European immigrants and Native people, among others-a commemorative occasion intended to generate a common national consciousness ironically provided opportunities to affirm and celebrate competing sources of group loyalty and identity, through the use of historical representations that subverted the aims of federal organisers.
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Hislop, T. Gregory, Chris D. Bajdik, Lynda G. Balneaves, Andrea Holmes, Selina Chan, Evelyn Wu, Zenaida U. Abanto, and Andrea L. Butler. "Physical and Emotional Health Effects and Social Consequences After Participation in a Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Dietary Trial for More Than 5 Years." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 15 (May 20, 2006): 2311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.3042.
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Purpose Little is known about the potential adverse effects of interventions to reduce dietary fat. We examined the physical and emotional health effects, and social consequences experienced by women at high risk for breast cancer who had participated in a low-fat diet intervention, randomized, controlled trial for at least 5 years. Methods Participants in the Canadian Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial from British Columbia were mailed a survey questionnaire that included the validated Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), and a series of questions on health-related and social constructs. Responses were compared between the diet intervention and control groups by menopausal status. Results Completed questionnaires were returned by 359 women in the diet intervention group and 382 in the control group. No significant differences were found between these groups for SF-36 and WHQ health outcomes, hair/nail changes, physical activity levels, family/friend support levels, and doctor visits. Significantly more women in the intervention group reported taking products for arthritis (other than pain medication), greater difficulty in maintaining eating habits in social situations and at work, greater stress, and guilt related to personal eating habits. These findings persisted for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion Changes resulting from a low-fat diet intervention can be incorporated into women's daily lives with limited long-term negative effects.
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Paynter, Martha Jane. "Policy and Legal Protection for Breastfeeding and Incarcerated Women in Canada." Journal of Human Lactation 34, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334418758659.
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Most incarcerated women in Canada are mothers. Because women are the fastest growing population in carceral facilities, protecting the rights of incarcerated women to breastfeed their children is increasingly important. There is considerable evidence that incarcerated women in Canada experience poor physical and mental health, isolation, and barriers to care. Incarcerated women and their children could benefit significantly from breastfeeding. This Insight in Policy explores policy and legal protection for breastfeeding in Canada as it relates to carceral facilities, considers key cases regarding breastfeeding rights among incarcerated women, and presents recommendations for policy development and advocacy. The Canadian Constitution and human rights legislation across Canada prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender and includes pregnancy and the possibility of becoming pregnant as a characteristic of gender. Some provinces note that breastfeeding is a characteristic of gender. Women’s Wellness Within, a nonprofit organization providing volunteer perinatal support to criminalized women in Nova Scotia, conducted a scan of all provincial and territorial correctional services acts and the federal Corrections and Conditional Release Act: none mention breastfeeding. Protocols for breastfeeding during arrest and lockup by police were not available in any jurisdiction across Canada. International law, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Nelson Mandela Rules, and the Bangkok Rules, have application to the rights of incarcerated breastfeeding women. The Inglis v. British Columbia (Minister of Public Safety) (2013) and Hidalgo v. New Mexico Department of Corrections (2017) decisions are pivotal examples of successful litigation brought forward by incarcerated mothers to advance breastfeeding rights. Improved application and understanding of existent law could advance breastfeeding rights.
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Shamai, Shmuel, and Philip R. D. Corrigan. "Social Facts, Moral Regulation and Statistical Jurisdiction: A Critical Evaluation of Canadian Census Figures on Education." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 17, no. 2 (August 31, 1987): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v17i2.183014.
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After a brief general consideration of the census, state-formation and moral regulation, together with the use and abuse of this form of 'numbering the people', two major illustrative examples are provided which expose the problematic nature of seemingly objective censal data: illiteracy and ethnicity in the Canadian Censuses of 1921 and 1981 particularly. The bulk of the paper consists of an examination of the trends in ethnicity and gender in relation to varying measures of educational achievement in the Canadian Census 1921 through 1981. The summarised findings are that two of the three founding peoples' ('British' and 'French') are located in the middle range, whilst the third ('Native peoples') is located at the bottom; all other ethnic groups are more polarised. This is a consistent pattern across the sixty years surveyed, although it is often (in popular and academic writing) treated as a 'new phenomenon'. With regard to gender, the paper qualifies the popular myth that the education system is now less gender ascriptive than it was previously: wherever females have been better than males, the males have tended to close the gap or even reverse the situation; wherever males have been better than females, the gap has closed slowly, if at all. This confirms the recent study by Pineo and Goyder, based on the 1981 census alone, that "the Canadian educational system acts more ascriptively upon women than on men." For all the problems of Census data, the article argues that it can be used to discern aggregate trends over time which qualify many contemporary myths.
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Gadpaille, Michelle. "Trans-Colonial Collaboration and Slave Narrative: Mary Prince Revisited." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 8, no. 2 (October 10, 2011): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.8.2.63-77.
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In 1831 in London, two formidable women met: Mary Prince, an ex-slave from Bermuda, who had crossed the Atlantic to a qualified freedom, and Susanna Strickland, an English writer. The narrative that emerged from this meeting was The History of Mary Prince, which played a role in the fight for slave emancipation in the British Empire. Prince disappeared once the battle was won, while Strickland emigrated to Upper Canada and, as Susanna Moodie, became an often quoted 19th century Canadian writer. Prince dictated, Strickland copied, and the whole was lightly edited by Thomas Pringle, the anti-slavery publisher at whose house the meeting took place.This is the standard account. In contesting this version, the paper aims to reinstate Moodie as co-creator of the collaborative Mary Prince text by considering multiple accounts of the meeting with Prince and to place the work in the context of Moodie’s pre- and post-emigration oeuvre on both sides of the Atlantic.
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Rosian, Katharina. "VP14 Screening Recommendations For Socioeconomic Disadvantages In Pregnancy." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317003087.
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INTRODUCTION:In 2015, 18.3 percent of the Austrian population were at risk of poverty and social exclusion - about 211,000 (20 percent) women aged 20–39 years were affected. International studies report that poverty may lead to an increased risk of complications and pathologies during pregnancy. Further, children who grow up in poverty often have poorer long-term health outcomes.METHODS:In order to identify recent guidelines (2011-2016) a comprehensive handsearch was conducted in the guideline databases National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) and Guidelines International Network (GIN). Moreover, a handsearch for systematic reviews and primary studies was conducted in PubMed.RESULTS:Two guidelines, the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guideline “Pregnancy and Complex Social Factors”, as well as the Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council (AHMAC) Guideline “Antenatal Care”, address socioeconomic disadvantages of women during antenatal care. The recommendation of the AHMAC is that pregnancy care should be offered to all pregnant women. In addition, an individual approach will help to pay particular attention to socioeconomic factors and to incorporate them in routine examinations. NICE recommends in its guideline, affected women should be supported in order to ensure adequate prenatal care. NICE also defines criteria which are used to identify pregnant women who are in greater need of support. The only identified study developed and tested a tool for the identification of patients affected by poverty. The authors of this Canadian pilot study concluded that the defined questions helped to identify socioeconomically disadvantaged persons during anamnesis without stigmatizing.CONCLUSIONS:Due to the proven link between poverty and health risks, special attention must be paid to socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant women. Research on non-stigmatizing instruments, which can identify vulnerable women, is of great importance. In addition to social policy measures, it is necessary to ensure that low-threshold services are available for socioeconomic disadvantaged women and their children.
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Rahman, M. Mushfiqur, Jacek A. Kopec, Charlie H. Goldsmith, Aslam H. Anis, and Jolanda Cibere. "Validation of Administrative Osteoarthritis Diagnosis Using a Clinical and Radiological Population-Based Cohort." International Journal of Rheumatology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6475318.
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Objectives. The validity of administrative osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis in British Columbia, Canada, was examined against X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), self-report, and the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Methods. During 2002–2005, 171 randomly selected subjects with knee pain aged 40–79 years underwent clinical assessment for OA in the knee, hip, and hands. Their administrative health records were linked during 1991–2004, in which OA was defined in two ways: (AOA1) at least one physician’s diagnosis or hospital admission and (AOA2) at least two physician’s diagnoses in two years or one hospital admission. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were compared using four reference standards. Results. The mean age was 59 years and 51% were men. The proportion of OA varied from 56.3 to 89.7% among men and 77.4 to 96.4% among women according to reference standards. Sensitivity and specificity varied from 21 to 57% and 75 to 100%, respectively, and PPVs varied from 82 to 100%. For MRI assessment, the PPV of AOA2 was 100%. Higher sensitivity was observed in AOA1 than AOA2 and the reverse was true for specificity and PPV. Conclusions. The validity of administrative OA in British Columbia varied due to case definitions and reference standards. AOA2 is more suitable for identifying OA cases for research using this Canadian database.
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Hussain, Amir. "Me and the Mosque." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i2.1634.
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Zarqa Nawaz is a Canadian Muslim filmmaker who lives with her family inRegina, Saskatchewan. There are any number of comments that could beinserted at this point. Having spent time on both the Saskatchewan andManitoba prairies, I note only that Zarqa is developing a television series forthe Canadian Broadcasting Corporation entitled “Little Mosque on thePrairie.” She has made two earlier short films, BBQ Muslims and DeathThreat. Information about those films, as well as about Zarqa, can be foundon her website, Fundamentalist Films, available at www.fundamentalistfilms.com.Me and the Mosque, her first documentary, is distributed by the NationalFilm Board of Canada. The film is directly related to her own concerns as aMuslim woman, namely, as to space available to her in the mosque. The filmbegins on a light-hearted note (as does her web site, with the tag line of “puttingthe fun back into fundamentalism”) with Muslim comic Azhar Usmanjoking about the lack of appropriate space available in mosques for Muslimwomen.The documentary traverses mosques in Canada and the United States,such including places as Aurora, Illinois; Mississauga, Ontario; Winnipeg,Manitoba; Regina, Saskatchewan; Surrey, British Columbia; and Morgantown,West Virginia. It includes the voices of established scholars, amongthem Asma Barlas, Umar Abd-Allah, and Aminah McCloud, alongside thenewer scholarly voices of Aisha Geissinger, Jasmine Zine, and Itrath Syed.In addition, there is a wide range of interviews with people from the Muslimcommunity, from such activists as Asra Nomani and Aminah Assilmi to suchscholars as Abdullah Adhami and Tareq Suwaidan.As mentioned above, the film begins on a humorous note with the comedyof Azhar Usman (of “Allah Made Me Funny” fame). However, what hejokes about, the nice “dungeons” that many people mention when they talkabout the basements where some mosques give space to women, is no laughingmatter. The film then moves to the mosque in Aurora to begin its discussionof these issues. I would like to think that this is Zarqa’s subtle homageto another Canadian filmmaker, Mike Myers, who bases his fictional character,Wayne Campbell, in Aurora. Zarqa then mentions her upbringing inToronto and contrasts the mosque that she attended (the Jami’ Mosque) while ...
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Gabriel, Christina. "Training the Excluded for Work: Access and Equity for Women, Immigrants, First Nations, Youth, and People with Low Income." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906249990.
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Training the Excluded for Work: Access and Equity for Women, Immigrants, First Nations, Youth, and People with Low Income, Marjorie Griffin Cohen, ed., Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2003, pp. 276.Training the Excluded for Work is an important contribution to debates about the importance and viability of job training policies and programmes that are directed to those who are “excluded” in the Canadian labour market. It is also timely insofar as job training, in contrast to post-secondary education policy, remains somewhat underexamined in Canada. This is particularly ironic, as job training has emerged as a key issue for policy makers, industry, workers and activists. Training is frequently touted as a panacea that will address a host of economic ills including unemployment, low productivity levels and lagging investment. On the one hand, many employer and industry groups view training measures as part of a larger strategy to address the imperatives of a global economy. Here, neoliberal rationales tend to prevail—job training becomes an investment in individual human capital. But on the other hand, job training can also be an important means by which marginalized groups, including youth, women, indigenous groups and racialized minorities, address the terms of their exclusion from (or limited inclusion in) the labour market. In doing so, other rationales come to the fore, most notably the need to address social inequities in the labour market. This edited book addresses this latter aspect of the training policy debate.
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Morgan, Cecilia. "Creating Interracial Intimacies: British North America, Canada, and the Transatlantic World, 1830–1914." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 2 (July 23, 2009): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037749ar.
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Abstract This article explores the domestic relationships of a number of interracial couples: Kahkewaquonaby/Peter Jones and Eliza Field; Nahnebahwequa/ Catherine Sutton and William Sutton; Kahgegagahbowh/George Copway and Elizabeth Howell; and John Ojijatekah Brant-Sero, Mary McGrath, and Frances Kirby. These unions took place within the context of and, in a number of instances, because of Native peoples’ movements across a multiple boundaries and borders within British North America, Canada, and Britain. Based in both Canadian Native historiography and work in colonial and imperial history, particularly that which focuses on gender, this article argues that international networks, such as nineteenth-century evangelicalism, the missionary movement, and circuits of performance, shaped such unions and played a central, constitutive role in bringing these individuals together. However, the article also points to the importance of exploring such large-scale processes at the biographic and individual level. It points to the different outcomes and dynamics of these relationships and argues that no one category or mode of scholarly explanation can account for these couples’ fates. The article also points to multiple and varied combinations of gender, class, and race in these relationships. It thus offers another dimension to the historiography on Native-white intimate relationships in North America which, to date, has focused mostly on relationships between white men and Native or mixed-race/Métis women. The article concludes by considering how these relationships complicate our understanding of commonly used concepts in imperial history, specifically those of domesticity and home.
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Hoerder, Dirk. "Migration History as a Transcultural History of Societies." Journal of Migration History 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2015): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00102005.
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As ‘ethnic’ history — the nation-to-ethnic-ghetto version of migrant strategies — came to include the process of migration and the socialization, the ‘roots’ of the field were still traced to the Chicago School and Oscar Handlin. European scholarship in the initial stages centred on emigration to North America and followed us approaches. I discuss, to the 1950s, European and Canadian epistemologies of the field and briefly refer to research in other parts of the world. The essays discuss neglected, theoretically and conceptually complex origins of migration studies and history in the us: (1) the Chicago Women’s School of Sociology of Hull House reformers and women economists from the 1880s and the cluster of interdisciplinary scholars at Columbia University (Franz Boas et al.); (2) scholars at the University of Minnesota who included the migrants’ societies of origin; as well as (3) scholars in California (Bogardus, social distance scale) and (4) British Columbia who recovered data collected in the 1920s and read them in modern multicultural perspectives. Against these many threads the emphasis by Chicago scholars, E. Park in particular, and O. Handlin on disorganization and ‘marginal men’ are assessed.
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Arbour, Laura, Rosemarie Rupps, Leigh Field, Paul Ross, Anders Erikson, Harvey Henderson, Warren Hill, and Eric M. Yoshida. "Characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis in British Columbia's First Nations population." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 19, no. 5 (2005): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/203028.
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Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare, autoimmune liver disorder characterized by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, that results in portal inflammation, scarring, cirrhosis and, eventually, liver failure. Although considered rare in Canadian populations, it is the leading indication for referral for liver transplantation in British Columbia's First Nations population. Previously, an expanded review of all cases referred to the British Columbia Transplant Society for PBC was carried out comparing the demographics of those of First Nations descent with those not of First Nations descent. The review suggested that the rate of referral for transplantation was eight times higher for those of First Nations descent compared with those of other descent (P=0.0001), and a disproportionate number of the First Nations cases lived on Vancouver Island (48% of cases versus 18% expected, P<0.05). Additionally, the age of referral was significantly younger (45.9 versus 54.3 years) for those of First Nations descent and there are fewer First Nations men referred (1:34) than expected. For the purpose of the present report, 28 symptomatic cases were ascertained separately and reviewed in a clinical study to delineate the features of this population.RESULTS: Although available liver biopsy reports were consistent with PBC, not all cases were antimitochondrial antibody-positive (18% negative). There was a family history of PBC confirmed by medical records in 33% of cases. There were five multiplex families identified, one with seven affected individuals. Detailed family histories revealed a recurrence risk of 4% for PBC for all first-degree relatives older than 21 years of age, but 10% when considering only women. Other autoimmune conditions coexisted in PBC patients in 79% of all cases. Arthritis was most frequent (60%), with thyroid disease (16%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (12%) also present. Additionally, a history of autoimmune diseases (arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid disease) was present in 21% of first-degree relatives. A strong genetic predisposition to PBC and other autoimmune diseases, combined with common environmental factors, is postulated in this population. Further study is underway to identify these factors.