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Journal articles on the topic 'Women Chinese students'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Ho, Ivy K. "Book Review: Self-Understanding among Chinese International Women Students." Psychology of Women Quarterly 34, no. 3 (September 2010): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168431003400301.

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2

Sato, Takahiro, Valerie Burge-Hall, and Tsuyoshi Matsumoto. "American Undergraduate Students’ Social Experiences With Chinese International Students." International Journal of Educational Reform 29, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056787920927682.

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The purpose of this study was to describe and explain American undergraduate students’ social experiences interacting with non-native English-speaking Chinese international students during conversational practices at an American university. This study used an explanatory (holistic) multiple case study design (Yin, 2003) using in-depth, semistructured interviews grounded in the social exchange theory. The participants were seven American students (three men and four women) who served as conversation partners of Chinese international exchange students during each fall semester. Three major interrelated and complex themes emerged from the data. They were (a) developing social reward relationships, (b) proving the social norm information during the conversational partnerships, and (c) employing/utilizing strategies for developing trust relationships. The results of this study can be utilized to encourage faculty, global education office staff, and all students to respect, value, and embrace the languages and cultures of Chinese international students. This contribution can prompt a greater appreciation for diversity which leads to meaningful academic, athletic, and social experiences for all students at American college and university.
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3

Shemo, Connie. "“‘Her Chinese Attended to Almost Everything’: Relationships of Power in the Hackett Medical College for Women, Guangzhou, China, 1901–1915”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 24, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02404002.

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This essay uses a 1915 crisis at the American Presbyterian Hackett Medical College for Women in Guangzhou, China as a lens to explore the level of control Chinese women, who were known as “assistants,” exercised at the school. Official literature of the Hackett portrays the American woman missionary physician Dr. Mary Fulton as controlling the college, but in fact its Chinese women graduates largely ran the institution for some years before 1915. Challenging images of American women missionary physicians either as heroines or imperialists, this article describes instead how Chinese women shaped the institution. Placing the Hackett into the broader context of American Presbyterian medical education for Chinese women since 1879, it argues that rather than only interpreting and adapting missionary ideologies, many of the Chinese women medical students in Guangzhou brought their own conceptions of women practicing medicine. In the case of medical education for women in Guangzhou before 1915, American missionaries were partially responding to Chinese traditions and demands. Ultimately, this essay presents a more complex view of cultural transfer in the women’s foreign mission movement of this period.
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Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun. "Prostitutes, Wives, and Students: Chinese Women in the United States." Journal of Women's History 12, no. 1 (2000): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2000.0029.

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5

Chen, Weiyun, and Ricky L. Swalm. "Chinese and American College Students' Body-Image: Perceived Body Shape and Body Affect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.395.

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This study examined the differences in the measures of perception of body shape and body affect among Chinese and American college male and female students. 289 Chinese students in China and 180 American students in the United States voluntarily completed the Body-image Questionnaire, comprised of four categories: (a) anthropometric data, (b) self-perception of body shape, (c) body affect, and (d) desired body shape. American students were significantly more likely than Chinese students to perceive their body shapes as being larger, but both Chinese and American students tended to perceive their body shapes accurately. For body affect, both Chinese and American female students who perceived themselves as thin had positive feelings about their bodies, while both groups of female students who perceived themselves as heavy had negative feelings about their bodies. American women were more likely than Chinese women to have negative feelings about their bodies. American students also placed high value on muscular firmness as part of their ideal female body shape, while Chinese students added plumpness as another component for judging ideal female body shape. Both Chinese and American men valued physical strength as a major component for body satisfaction.
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Huang, Jianyi, and Burton R. Sisco. "Thinking Styles of Chinese and American Adult Students in Higher Education: A Comparative Study." Psychological Reports 74, no. 2 (April 1994): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.2.475.

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This research concerned the thinking styles of 150 Chinese and American graduate students, using the Inquiry Mode Questionnaire by Harrison and Bramson. The analysis showed the Chinese students scored as more pragmatic than the American group, and the Chinese men and American women scored as more idealistic than the Chinese women and American men. The study also indicated that students of social science or humanities and of natural science scored as more idealistic than those in engineering. Students of natural science and engineering scored as more analytical than those from social science or humanities, and engineering students scored as more realistic than those of the other majors. This group of students preferred the analytical thinking style most and the synthesist style least.
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Volsche, Shelly, and William Jankowiak. "Chinese women's autonomy: parenthood as a choice." Proceedings of the Wuhan Conference on Women 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v3n2.2020.255.

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Numerous Chinese studies point out that Chinese youth are transforming the meaning of filial piety, China's highly esteemed moral code used to structure intergenerational relationships. We wanted to understand the extent to which college educated women are redefining what it means to be a filial woman in contemporary Chinese society. To this end, we set up a research design that probed whether men and women continue to think becoming parents is an essential attribute of life satisfaction using a pen-and-paper survey with college students in Shanghai and Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on Likert-scaled questions resulted in two factors: Customary Ideology and Autonomous Self. As anticipated, students who reported their intent to parent were more likely to agree with items in Customary Ideology, whilst students who reported not intending to have children or were uncertain were more likely to agree with items in Autonomous Self. Most telling, an overwhelming number of respondents from each university reported agreement with the statement, "Having children is a personal choice" (97.6% at Fudan University; 76.4% at Inner Mongolia University). We discuss the implications of these findings as the singleton generations renegotiate expectations of these intergenerational bonds.
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Zhang, Jie, Dwight A. Hennessy, Jing Luo, Yaping Song, Kailin Ren, Qian Zhang, Zhifang Han, and Ping Yao. "Are Women in China Sexist toward Other Women? a Study of Chinese College Students." Psychological Reports 105, no. 1 (August 2009): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.267-274.

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This study assessed the extent to which social sexism affects Chinese women's perception and evaluation of other women's performance. A sample of 100 college women was selected in a top university in Beijing, China, and was asked to read six scholastic essays and then evaluate the quality of the essays and competence of the authors. Male and female names were randomly assigned as authors of the essays, and the respondents were blind to the arrangement. Results showed that the essays assumed to be written by male authors did not receive higher scores than those assumed to be written by female authors on quality or competence items. Sexism is not marked among these highly educated young women.
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Xie, Xiaolin, and Shan Lin. "Gender Differences in Perceptions of Family Roles by Chinese University Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 1 (February 1997): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.1.127.

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In this study, 144 Chinese unmarried female students enrolled in South China Normal University in Guangzhou, China, agreed more than 70 unmarried male students that household chores and tasks should be equally shared between marital partners and believed women were entitled to careers as equal to those of men. Women expressed significantly higher acceptance than the men for using professional counseling services. These women were less accepting of premarital sexual relationships and extramarital affairs than the men.
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10

Chang, Yunling, Sakina Ali, Ankita Sahu, Sidai Dong, Carly W. Thornhill, Polet Milian, and Linda G. Castillo. "Chinese International Student Sexual Harassment on U.S. College Campuses." Journal of International Students 11, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11i3.2678.

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The #MeToo movement has brought the issue of sexual harassment to U.S. college campuses. Most scholarly work in this area focuses on White American women with little information on international student experiences. Because sexual harassment is considered hush-hush (shi) and taboo, many Chinese international students may not question harassment behaviors they experience. For many Chinese women attending a U.S. university, their first public discussion may occur during student orientation. Thus, students come to college campuses with varying levels of awareness of sexual harassment. Given the growing number of Chinese international students, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of their experiences and perceptions of sexual harassment. The article provides recommendations for university personnel working with international students.
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Chen yan. "From Female Overseas Students to the Chinese Empire Ladies Reform Association: Chinese Women in the Americas 1890-1920(从女留学生 到女保皇党：清末民初在美洲的中国女性)." Women and History ll, no. 27 (December 2017): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22511/women..27.201712.43.

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12

Frank, Ellen J. "Chinese students’ perceptions of women in management: will it be easier?" Women in Management Review 16, no. 7 (November 2001): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006113.

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13

Sachs, John. "Superstition and Self-Efficacy in Chinese Postgraduate Students." Psychological Reports 95, no. 2 (October 2004): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.2.485-486.

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43 Chinese postgraduate education students (16 men and 27 women), whose mean age was 33.5 yr., completed a questionnaire measuring superstitious beliefs (Superstitious Beliefs Scale) and self-efficacy (General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale). Higher scores on belief in superstition were associated with lower rated self-efficacy. While not significant, the observed correlation of –.28 between superstitious belief and self-efficacy was of a similar magnitude and in the same direction as that previously reported for western students. Such cross-cultural validation is consistent with the generality of this relationship. Suggestions for further research are made.
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14

Huang, Jianyi, and Li Chao. "Category Width and Sharpening versus Leveling Cognitive Styles of Chinese and American University Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1996): 1183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1183.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the category width and the sharpening versus leveling cognitive styles of Chinese and American students. Two measures, the Category Width Scale and the Square Lag Test, of the two styles were given to 150 Chinese and American students. Analysis showed a significant difference between the Chinese and American groups on the cognitive style of category width. The Chinese subjects scored as broader than their American peers in categorization. In addition, a significant difference was found between the 96 men and 54 women on the sharpening versus leveling style. The men scored as sharper than the women in size distinction. These results were compared with previous findings.
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Houston, John M., Paul B. Harris, Robert Moore, Rebecca Brummett, and Hideki Kametani. "Competitiveness among Japanese, Chinese, and American Undergraduate Students." Psychological Reports 97, no. 1 (August 2005): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.205-212.

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Although research indicates that competitiveness, defined as the desire to win in interpersonal situations, is an important individual difference that influences a range of social interactions, little research has focused on competitiveness in cultures outside the United States. This study investigated competitiveness in three cultures by comparing Chinese ( n = 61), Japanese ( n = 232), and American ( n = 161) undergraduate college students. Nationality and sex were compared on two scales of the revised Competitiveness Index. Analysis indicated that American students scored higher on Enjoyment of Competitiveness than Chinese and Japanese students, but no difference was found on Contentiousness. Men scored higher than women on Enjoyment of Competition but not on Contentiousness. The findings indicate that sex and cultural patterns influence some but not all aspects of competitiveness.
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16

Zhang, Jing, and Katherine R. Allen. "Constructions of Masculinity and the Perception of Interracial Relationships Among Young Male Chinese International Students and Scholars in the United States." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 340–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18809751.

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Relocating to the United States influences the perceptions of Chinese men on manhood and their attitudes toward interracial relationships between Chinese women and American men. In this study, we examined how the intersection of gender and race in a cross-cultural context shaped constructions of masculinity of young male Chinese international students and scholars, and how racialized masculinity experiences influenced their relationships with women and with peer U.S. men. We interviewed 18 Chinese men (Mean age = 26.06 years, range = 20-30) and used thematic analysis to analyze in-depth interview data. We found that some men adopted flexible, protective, and diverse strategies to reclaim their masculinity by reconciling American and Chinese masculinities. Others felt degraded and took a negative attitude toward the interracial relationship between Chinese women and American men. Despite the influence of cross-cultural contexts, the Chinese patriarchal Confucian tradition exerted a strong influence on participants’ masculinity construction.
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17

Yamauchi, Hirotsugu, and Yan Li. "Achievement-Related Motives and Work-Related Attitudes of Japanese and Chinese Students." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_part_1 (December 1993): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941930733pt106.

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This study was designed to provide data for comparisons of achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes for Japanese and Chinese students. First, the mean scores on achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes of Japanese students (124 men and 174 women) were compared with those of Chinese students (222 men and 130 women). Chinese students displayed stronger motives and attitudes toward successful achievement. Second, the factorial structures of achievement-related motives for each sample were compared. There were some similarities between samples except one factor based on the motive to avoid failure showed an opposite feature. Third, the relationship between achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes was examined for each sample. A canonical correlation analysis provided two variates, instrumental activity arises from achievement motivation in a work-related situation and hope of success in their competitive lives includes economic success.
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18

Xin, Sufei, and Ziqiang Xin. "Birth cohort changes in Chinese college students’ loneliness and social support." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 5 (July 10, 2016): 398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415597547.

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With the dramatic recent changes in Chinese society, Chinese college students’ average levels of loneliness and social support might also have changed across their birth cohorts. The present cross-temporal meta-analysis of 56 studies ( N = 21,541) found that Chinese college students’ scores on the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) increased gradually from 2002 to 2011. The increasing trend in loneliness occurred among both men and women. Another similar meta-analysis of 110 studies ( N = 57,420) showed that Chinese college students’ scores on the Social Support Rating Scale decreased from 1999 to 2011, with a slightly larger shift occurring among college men. The increase in loneliness across birth cohorts among Chinese college students was associated with the decline of their perceived social support levels (especially objective social support).
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19

Peng, Altman Yuzhu. "Gender and the privacy paradox in Chinese college students’ locative dating communication." Global Media and China 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20594364211017333.

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This article explores the role gender plays in addressing the privacy paradox in the context of young Chinese people’s locative dating communication. Based on a case study of 19 Chinese college students, I explore differing privacy management strategies adopted by female and male participants in their use of WeChat People Nearby. This gendered phenomenon reveals how People Nearby works within patriarchal Chinese society to pose more privacy-related risks to women than to men in locative dating communication. The research findings shed new light on the socio-technological processes through which existing gender power relations are reproduced in young Chinese people’s use of locative social media applications.
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20

Dion, Kenneth L., and Karen K. Dion. "Gender and Ethnocultural Comparisons in Styles of Love." Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 1993): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00656.x.

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Ethnocultural background and gender were investigated as correlates of love styles in an ethnically diverse sample of university students in Toronto. Women viewed love as more friendship oriented, more pragmatic, but less permissive than did men, findings consistent with previous research with American college students. Ethnocultural differences or Gender x Ethnocultural Background interactions were also found. In line with an expected contrast between Asian and Western cultural traditions regarding love, Chinese and other Asian respondents of both sexes were more friendship oriented in their love relationships than were respondents of Anglo-Celtic or European ethnocultural backgrounds. Expectations of greater gender role differentiation among Asians were partly supported by finding that women from Asian ethnocultural backgrounds other than Chinese were less likely to view “love as a game” than were either their female or male counterparts. Women from Asian ethnocultural backgrounds other than Chinese also expressed a more altruistic view of love than did Anglo-Celtic women.
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Zheng, Yong, and Qingqing Sun. "Testing objectification theory with Chinese undergraduate women and men." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 4 (May 7, 2017): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5892.

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We tested the applicability of objectification theory to the prediction of disordered eating and depressed mood among Chinese undergraduate students. Participants (N = 430) completed measures of body surveillance, body shame, appearance anxiety, level of internal awareness, flow, disordered eating, and depressed mood. Results of structural equation modeling revealed the model of objectification theory provided a poor fit to the data for both genders, but 2 exploratory models with good fit were generated after subsequent modification to the model. For women, body shame and appearance anxiety mediated the relationships among body surveillance, disordered eating, and depressed mood. Furthermore, body surveillance indirectly influenced women's level of internal awareness and flow via body shame and appearance anxiety, which led to disordered eating and depressed mood. This pattern of relationships was similar for men, except for flow, which was not related to the outcome variables. We concluded that objectification theory is applicable to women and men in China.
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Vaughn Cross, Carol Ann. "‘Living in the Lives of Men’: Martha Foster Crawford." Social Sciences and Missions 25, no. 1-2 (2012): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489412x624275.

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This article seeks to contribute to the historiography on cross-cultural, interpersonal relationships between Western women and non-Western men by describing some of the interpersonal relationships between a missionary teacher, a pioneer of Woman’s Work for Woman in North China who later criticized single-sex programs that divided men and women, and her male Chinese teachers and students in Shandong (Shantung). The article discusses the development of new social and emotional experiences within the context of guanxi (“kuan-hsi”).These interpersonal connections developed within the broader nexus of traditional and changing relationships with Chinese women and Western men, who were also adapting cultural ideas of sex and gender. Considering such individual variables as marital status, personality, and context, the article presents the meaning that the female missionary gave to her relationships with Chinese males, particularly a favored student to whom she attached herself so closely that she jeopardized her marriage. The article concludes that as Crawford contributed to some of the expansion of opportunities for Chinese males, the opportunities for her transplanted and cross-culturally nourished ideal of sexual equality and social interactivity expanded as well, thanks to such men as Wu Zuan Zhao (Wu Tswun Chao) and Guo You Yong (Kwo Yu Yoong).
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23

Lu, Yun, Harold Chui, Runsheng Zhu, Hongyang Zhao, Yangyang Zhang, Jie Liao, and Matthew J. Miller. "What Does “Good Adjustment” Mean for Chinese International Students? A Qualitative Investigation." Counseling Psychologist 46, no. 8 (November 2018): 979–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000018824283.

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In this study, we aimed to provide a rich description of Chinese graduate international students’ ways of coping with adjustment challenges and their subjective appraisal of adjustment. Nine Chinese graduate international students (six women, three men) from different institutions and disciplines reported their perceptions of the broad sociopolitical context, cultural adjustment experiences, and subjective evaluation of adjustment. We analyzed the data using consensual qualitative research method. Findings were summarized into three domains: (a) Perceived Sociopolitical Context, (b) Cultural Adjustment Challenges, and (c) Coping and Adjustment. We found frequent long-standing challenges in social and professional domains. Furthermore, interviewees reported an ongoing evaluative process where they negotiated host culture participation expectations in the context of adjustment challenges to achieve a subjective sense of satisfaction. Our findings have implications for professionals working with Chinese international students to help them mitigate internalized oppression and develop purpose and well-being.
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NG, Siu Kuen Robert. "Body Image Discrepancy and Body Mass Index among Chinese University Students in Hong Kong." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.201810.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Introduction: The purposes of this study were to examine (a) the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the perception of body image, (b) the body satisfaction level (BSS), and (c) the most satisfied and dissatisfied body part. Methods: 588 university students (aged: 20.0±2.2 years; BMI: 20.3±2.8 kg/m2) from four universities in Hong Kong indicated their perceived ‘ideal’ and the ‘healthiest’ male and female figure from 9-figure rating scale. Body Image Discrepancy (BID) between their ‘current’ and ‘ideal’ figure was calculated. Results: Men reported significantly higher level of BSS than women. BMI correlated with BSS in women (r=.-263, p<.01) but not in men; BMI correlated with BID in women (r=.446, p<.001) and men (r=.587, p<.001). Most respondents indicated ‘no part’ as their most satisfied body part. Men and women stated their most dissatisfied body part was abdomen and thigh respectively. BSS was the highest in normal weight men and underweight women. Overweight respondents rated significantly larger figure as their ‘ideal’ size than their underweight and normal weight counterparts. Conclusions: An increase in BMI aggravates an increase in their desire to be thinner. It is necessary to help university students in Hong Kong to develop a healthy and realistic body image. 探討大學生(1)身體質量指數(BMI)與身體形象差異的關係; (2)身體滿意度; (3)最滿意和最不滿意自己身體部份。588位大學生從香港四所大學在9個由瘦至肥的男女剪影公仔中選擇(1)“理想”和“最健康”的男女體型; (2)代表自己“現在”和“理想”的體型來計算出身體形象差異。女性的身體滿意度比男性低並與BMI成反比。大多數指無最滿意的身體部份，男女分別最不滿意腹部和大腿。正常體重男士和過輕女士最滿意自己身體。總結，BMI與減磅意欲成正比。
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Chen, Guo-Hai. "Evaluating the Individualism and Collectivism Scale for Use in Mainland China." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.93-99.

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A Chinese translation of the 27-item Individualism and Collectivism Scale was administered in southern mainland China to 626 Chinese university students (210 men and 416 women) with a mean age of 19.9 yr. ( SD= 1.5). From analysis of the responses to these items, the prior four factors, Horizontal Individualism, Vertical Individualism, Horizontal Collectivism, and Vertical Collectivism, did not clearly emerge in the Chinese sample. Further research on the viability of the scale and conceptualization of the horizontal and vertical distinction in the Chinese context is recommended.
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Zhang, Siqi, and Cora Lingling Xu. "The making of transnational distinction: an embodied cultural capital perspective on Chinese women students’ mobility." British Journal of Sociology of Education 41, no. 8 (September 14, 2020): 1251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2020.1804836.

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Ihle, Gail M., Gargi Roysircar Sodowsky, and Kwong-Liem Kwan. "Worldviews of Women: Comparisons Between White American Clients, White American Counselors, and Chinese International Students." Journal of Counseling & Development 74, no. 3 (January 2, 1996): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1996.tb01870.x.

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Zhong, Juan, and Jeffrey J. Arnett. "Conceptions of adulthood among migrant women workers in China." International Journal of Behavioral Development 38, no. 3 (February 12, 2014): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413515133.

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The experiences of emerging adulthood may vary in different historical and cultural contexts. Little research has been dedicated to how non college students view adulthood in developing countries. Currently, millions of young people are migrating from rural villages to industrial cities in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate conceptions of adulthood among Chinese migrant women workers, using mixed methods. One hundred and nineteen women workers (aged 18–29 years) from a factory in Guangdong, China, completed a questionnaire of markers for adulthood. Then, 15 of them were interviewed regarding their understanding of the transition to adulthood. The results showed that the majority of the young Chinese migrant women workers believed they had reached adulthood in some ways but not others. Married women and women with children were more likely to perceive themselves as adults, even controlling for age. Learn to care for parents, settled into a long-term career and become capable of caring for children were ranked as the most important markers for adulthood. Participants were least likely to feel adult when they were with their parents. The migrant women workers’ conceptions of adulthood reflected the traditional Chinese emphasis on family obligations, social relations and role transitions.
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Sun, Peizhen, Bei Liu, Hongyan Jiang, and Feifei Qian. "Filial piety and life satisfaction among Chinese students: Relationship harmony as mediator." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 11 (December 7, 2016): 1927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.11.1927.

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We tested the mediation effect of relationship harmony in the psychological mechanisms underlying the effect of filial piety (FP) on life satisfaction. Participants were 381 undergraduate students (200 women and 181 men) at 3 universities in China who completed the Filial Piety Scale, the Interpersonal Relationship Harmony Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results of structural equation modeling showed that reciprocity FP had a significant positive direct effect on life satisfaction. Further examination revealed that the link between FP and life satisfaction was significantly mediated by relationship harmony. Thus, improving the levels of FP and relationship harmony may function as methods to help students maintain their life satisfaction. Our findings augment the burgeoning body of research in which the function of FP in various facets of life is being investigated, and provide theoretical and practical implications.
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Chen, Min, Yong Liao, Jia Liu, Wenjie Fang, Nan Hong, Xiaofei Ye, Jianjun Li, Qinglong Tang, Weihua Pan, and Wanqing Liao. "Comparison of Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior between Female Chinese College Students from Urban Areas and Rural Areas: A Hidden Challenge for HIV/AIDS Control in China." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8175921.

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Currently, research in sexual behavior and awareness in female Chinese college students (FCCSs) is limited, particularly regarding the difference and the influencing factors between students from rural areas and urban areas. To fill the gap in available data, a cross-sectional study using anonymous questionnaires was conducted among 3193 female students from six universities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China, from February to June, 2013. Of the 2669 respondents, 20.6% and 20.9% of the students from urban and rural areas, respectively, reported being sexually experienced. The proportion of students who received safe-sex education prior to entering university from rural areas (22.4%, 134/598) was lower (P<0.0001) than the proportion from urban areas (41.8%, 865/2071). Sexual behavior has become increasingly common among FCCSs, including high-risk sexual behavior such as unprotected commercial sex. However, knowledge concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and the risks is insufficient, particularly for those from rural areas, which is a challenge for HIV/AIDS control in China. The Chinese government should establish more specific HIV/AIDS prevention policies for Chinese young women, strengthen sex education, and continue to perform relevant research.
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Anderson, Jared R., Wen Chi Chen, Matthew D. Johnson, Sarah E. Lyon, Chih-Yuan Steven Lee, Fuming Zheng, Gary C. Ratcliffe, and F. Ryan Peterson. "Attitudes Toward Dating Violence Among College Students in Mainland China: An Exploratory Study." Violence and Victims 26, no. 5 (2011): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.5.631.

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This study investigates attitudes toward psychological and physical dating violence among college students in mainland China (n = 245). The results of this study indicate that among our sample of college students in mainland China, men and women were relatively similar in their attitudes toward male perpetrated and female perpetrated physical dating violence and female perpetrated psychological dating violence. As has been found in previous research, men and women in our sample were more accepting of female perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence than male perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence. Finally, among several variables that predicted dating violence attitudes, shame emerged as a potentially important variable to include in future studies on dating violence in Chinese populations.
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Back, Angela. "“The Joy Luck Club” and guidance for Chinese young people in Australian Schools." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 4 (November 1994): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100001953.

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“The Joy Luck Club” by Amy Tan, focuses upon some of the issues which are on-going concerns for Chinese students from a variety of Chinese countries when living in Western societies. Amy Tan would probably agree with Hsien Rin (1975) that “the Chinese have a remarkable capacity to incorporate other cultural components into the self and to formulate a double identity, all the while maintaining a deep sense of being Chinese” (p.155). Her characters certainly incorporate many of the American values and take on its protective colouring. The novel traces the way four sets of daughters – all Western women, professionals, born in America – are forced to explore their Chineseness through their relationships with their mothers. Amy Tan's quartet of American-born women are glimpsed as teenagers reacting against the ‘otherness’ which their ethnic background has loaded them with, struggling to find an identity for themselves apart from their families' (and particularly their mothers') views of what being a good daughter involves. It is only later, as they face up to some of the insecurities of adulthood, that they appreciate the strengths of Chinese family life and explore what it means to be Chinese.
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Tao, Peng, Dong Guoying, and Stuart Brody. "Preliminary Study of a Chinese Language Short Form of the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale." Psychological Reports 105, no. 3_suppl (December 2009): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.f.1039-1046.

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To evaluate the internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of a Chinese language short form (14-item) of the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, data from 197 Chinese medical students were analyzed. Half (48 men, M age = 23.0 yr.; 51 women, M age = 22.0 yr.) were randomly assigned to receive standard instructions, and half (46 men, M age = 21.7 yr.; 52 women, M age = 21.5 yr.) were given mock job-selection instructions. The later had a higher mean Social Desirability score, which demonstrates discriminant validity. Split-half reliability was .71. Five factors were identified, but confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate fit with a 1- or 2-factor model. Despite the challenge of translation into Chinese (in this case, involving translation into Mandarin and back-translation by native speakers for examination by a native speaker of English), this short form appears to have adequate internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity.
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Zhang, Xinchen, and Yeqing Sun. "Motion Sickness Predictors in College Students and Their First Experience Sailing at Sea." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5386.2020.

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INTRODUCTION: Individual motion sickness susceptibility can be rapidly estimated by the motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire (MSSQ), but its stability is affected by various factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involved predictive factors of motion sickness screened with uniform samples of Chinese college students and to verify the individual susceptibility difference in marine navigation.METHODS: A total of 1051 college students (719 men, 332 women; mean age: 18.32 ± 0.65 yr) completed the MSSQ. Another 42 men (mean age: 21.12 ± 1.10 yr) took part in 2 separate voyages. MSSQ data were collected before sailing and Graybiel motion sickness questionnaire (GMSQ) data were collected within 24 h after sailing and 24 h before landing.RESULTS: The internal consistency of the MSSQ was 0.685. The mean subscore of the MSSQ-A (18.47 ± 19.49) was significantly higher than that of the MSSQ-B (12.69 ± 14.97). Women had significantly higher MSSQ scores (38.29 ± 33.49) than men (27.87 ± 30.27). The mean MSSQ score of the inland subjects (33.97 ± 33.35) was significantly higher than that of the coastal subjects (27.81 ± 29.24). Nearly 93% of new seafarers experienced seasickness during their first navigation. The MSSQ score was positively correlated with seasickness symptoms (r = 0.706).CONCLUSION: Gender, age, and birthplace appear to be important predictors of motion sickness for Chinese college students. Specifically, women, younger people, and people who were born in inland China seem more prone to the syndrome. A high MSSQ score is a risk factor for seasickness. However, long-term voyages can lead to habituation, which reduces the occurrence of seasickness.Zhang X, Sun Y. Motion sickness predictors in college students and their first experience sailing at sea. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(2):71–78.
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Trieu, Sang Leng, Naomi N. Modeste, Helen Hopp Marshak, Michael A. Males, and Sally I. Bratton. "Factors associated with the decision to obtain an HIV test among Chinese/Chinese American community college women in Northern California." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2008): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v6i1.1296.

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HIV testing and counseling is the cornerstone of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention and education. This article examines reasons for and barriers to obtaining an HIV test among 230 Chinese/Chinese American college students. Using Health Belief Model constructs, a cross-sectional study was administered at four California community college campuses. The self-report survey results indicated that 30% of respondents have obtained HIV testing. The most common reasons for testing were “just to find out” (73%), “having had unprotected sexual intercourse” (63%), and “having had sex with a new partner” (57%). Among those who were never tested, low levels of perceived susceptibility (66%) and lack of knowledge on testing sites (36%) were the most common barriers. Multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses revealed age, ethnic identity, lack of condom use during last intercourse, lower perceived barriers, and higher self-efficacy as significant predictors of HIV testing history. Emphasizing these factors in HIV education campaigns will likely increase testing rates within this population.
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Jiang, Shuhan, Sihui Peng, Tingzhong Yang, Randall R. Cottrell, and Lu Li. "Overweight and Obesity Among Chinese College Students: An Exploration of Gender as Related to External Environmental Influences." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 4 (January 11, 2018): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317750990.

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While many studies have examined factors associated with overweight and obesity among college students, no study has yet compared gender differences influencing overweight and obesity using a multilevel framework. The present study examines different influences on overweight and obesity between men and women at both individual and environmental levels. Participants were 11,673 college students identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 Chinese universities. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.5% (95% CI [7.7, 11.3]) in the overall study sample, 13.9% (95% CI [11.5, 16.7]) in males and 6.1% (95% CI [4.1, 8.1]) in females, respectively. We found that higher family income, perceived life stress, home region GDP, and university city unemployment were associated with higher overweight and obesity levels in males, independent of other individual- and city-level covariates. However, unlike male students, only unemployment was associated with overweight and obesity among females. Our research indicates Chinese males are more susceptible to overweight and obesity, and are more easily influenced by external variants than Chinese females. This information should be considered in formulating gender-specific policies and designing and implementing effective interventions to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young adult male college students.
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chen Chen, Ya. "Rethinking Anonymous Students’ Teaching Evaluations as Personnel Decisions: Chinese American Women Faculty Viewpoints in US Higher Education." Journal of Modern Education Review 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2015): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/11.05.2015/003.

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Wang, Chu, Jiayao Xu, Mufan Wang, Xu Shao, and Wei Wang. "Prevalence and Detailed Experience of Nightmare and Nightmare Disorder in Chinese University Students." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211014193.

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Nightmares influence the mental health of university students, but the prevalence of nightmare and nightmare disorder requires additional documentation. The data of detailed nightmare experience of nightmare disorder and related depressive mood in this population are also scarce. First, a total of 1,451 students in a comprehensive Chinese university were invited to report their nightmare frequency. Sixty-eight patients with nightmare disorder were diagnosed using a semi-structured clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Second, 60 patients with nightmare disorder (8 of 68 patients were dismissed due to data incompletion) and 124 gender-matched, healthy students were invited to answer the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). Of 1,451 students, 923 reported nightmares (its annual prevalence was 63.61%), and 68 were diagnosed with nightmare disorder (its prevalence was 4.69%), with a female preponderance. The mean PVP and four NEQ scale scores in patients were higher than those in healthy students. The PVP scores were correlated with NEQ Physical Effect in patients, and with Negative Emotion in healthy students. This is the first report regarding nightmare disorder prevalence and detailed nightmare experience in university students. The findings of a high prevalence of nightmare disorder in women and elevated scores of nightmare experience among patients in the university population might help address the mechanisms and the management of patients with nightmare disorder.
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Jia, Zhe, Yingying Wang, Yujuan Yang, and Lijun Yang. "Chinese University Students' Loneliness and Generalized Pathological Internet Use: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6807.

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We examined the reciprocal relationship between loneliness and generalized pathological Internet use (GPIU) with a sample of 361 (141 men and 220 women, Mage = 18.47 years) university freshmen in China. A fully cross-lagged panel design was used, in which loneliness and GPIU were assessed at 3 time points. The results were as follows: (a) GPIU had a higher level of stability than did loneliness, and (b) the relationship between loneliness and GPIU was dynamic and bidirectional. Specifically, loneliness positively predicted GPIU across time, GPIU at Time 2 (3 months after initial measurement) positively predicted loneliness at Time 3 (6 months after initial measurement), and the link between baseline loneliness and Time 3 loneliness was mediated by increased GPIU at Time 2. Our findings have implications for the treatment and prevention of GPIU in university freshmen.
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Rios-Campos, Carlos, Pilar del Rosario Rios Campos, Alberto Lachos Dávila, Julissa Elizabeth Reyna Gonzalez, Victor Ricardo Flores Rivas, Freddy Manuel Camacho Delgado, Juan Manuel Raunelli Sander, and Irma Rumela Aguirre Zaquinaula. "Chinese Universities: Problems, COVID-19 & Efforts." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 3537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n2-188.

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It is necessary to know the state of the Chinese universities. In this paper the general objective was determine the situation of Chinese universities: Problems, COVID-19 & efforts. Methodology, in this research, 31 documents have been selected, carried out in the period 2016 - 2021; including: scientific articles, review articles and information from websites of recognized organizations. The keywords used in the searches were: Chinese universities and COVID-19. Results, China has approximately 2,845 universities, which are gradually improving their infrastructure and academic level. The percentage of women has increased (UIS.UNESCO, 2021). A close collaboration between the university and the industry was presented as they refer (Hou, Hong & Shi, 2021). Employers consider the University of Hong Kong to have the best graduates (SICAS, 2018). Difficulty deciding what to investigate. The situation in Chinese universities is stabilizing, after COVID-19 was presented, continuing with virtual courses and the intensive use of ICTs. In addition, the progressive opening of these institutions, monitoring the health of students and teachers. Conclusions, Chinese universities are ranking better in world rankings such as the QS World University Rankings. They are overcoming the limitations imposed by COVID-19. The number of graduates, researchers and patents is considerable and competes with the great powers of Europe, Asia and North America. In addition, some of its universities are achieving international recognition and have students from various parts of the world.
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Yao, Junming. "F 0 declination of intonation groups in Spanish and in Mandarin Chinese." Prosodic Issues in Language Contact Situations 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 523–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00049.yao.

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Abstract Mandarin Chinese and Spanish are the first two languages in the world by number of speakers. The interaction between speakers and thus between the two languages increases day by day. There are more and more Chinese students who study Spanish and Spanish students who study Chinese. At the same time, difficulties arise from the teaching-learning process, particularly with regard to phonetics, and more specifically the intonation, as they are two typologically-different languages. However, there exist very few comparative studies between them. This article seeks to explore the global declination of intonation groups in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese and we found similarities and differences between these two languages. To do this, we created a corpus of 278 isolated and unmarked sentences and 140 neutral paragraphs in Mandarin Chinese (totally 651 sentences), while in Spanish we used data from previous studies. The corpus was recorded by nine native speakers, three men and six women. We approached this study from a phonetic point of view and used the Garrido model (Garrido 1996, 2001, 2010) to compare the declination effect on the two languages according to different factors such as sentence type, the position of the intonation group within the utterance and length of the group. We also proposed for future study some possible methods for teaching Chinese and Spanish intonation as a second language.
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Li, Yuan, Jijun Lan, and Chengting Ju. "Self-esteem, Gender, and the Relationship Between Extraversion and Subjective Well-Being." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 8 (September 18, 2015): 1243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.8.1243.

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We examined the moderating effects of self-esteem and gender on the relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being in Chinese university students. Participants were 542 students (217 men, 325 women; age range = 17–24 years), who completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the extraversion subscale of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and the General Well-Being Schedule to evaluate self-esteem, extraversion, and subjective well-being, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem moderated the association between extraversion and subjective well-being. Among students high in self-esteem, those with high extraversion had higher subjective well-being than did those with low extraversion. Across all participants (high- and low-extraversion groups), subjective well-being was low when self-esteem was low. Gender moderated the link between extraversion and subjective well-being, tending to be a more significant determinant of subjective well-being in men than in women.
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Лю, Чаоцзе, and Вэйлян Чжун. "THE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE WORD “WOMAN” IN CHINESE LANGUAGE (BASED ON AN UNSUCCESSFUL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION CASE ANALYSIS)." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5(211) (September 7, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-5-65-71.

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Введение. Общепризнано, что коммуникация – это поведенческий процесс, задача которого состоит в том, чтобы помочь различным поведенческим агентам достичь двухстороннего информационного потока через различные носители, сформировать восприятие поведения агентов и добиться определенной цели. Общение может сблизить людей, а культурные различия – разделить их. Люди довольно часто игнорируют социальные и культурные факторы в межкультурной коммуникации, что может привести к нарушению коммуникации. Цель статьи – определить интерпретации слова «женщина» в китайском языке. Материал и методы. Использованы многочисленные теоретические работы по межкультурной коммуникации, которые заложили прочную основу для интерпретации базового понятия, а также китайские и английские толковые словари для интерпретации семантического значения слова «женщина». На основе анализа кейсов выявляются семантические различия слова «женщина» в китайском и русском языках и указывается на негативное отношение китайских студентов к семантическому значению данного слова. Кроме того, проведено исследование среди студентов по обмену из Чжэцзянского океанического университета с целью выявления скрытых причин, вызвавших негативное отношение к семантическому значению слова «женщина». Результаты и обсуждение. На основе анализа неудачного опыта межкультурной коммуникации студентов по обмену из Китая эксплицитно раскрываются семантические значения, включающие расширенное и образное значение слова «женщина» в контексте китайского языка, а также исследуются корни формирования существующих когнитивных семантических значений. Заключение. Глобализация неизбежно влияет на идеологию всего мира. В настоящее время Китай вступил в переходный период, когда современная культура должна занять место традиционной культуры, а национальная культура сталкивается с вызовом и вторжением иностранной культуры. Introduction. It is well acknowledged that communication is a behavior process, which aims to help different behavior agents to achieve two-way information flow through a variety of carriers, to form the perception of the behavior agents, and to achieve a specific goal. Communication can bring people together, but cultural differences keep them apart. People quite often ignore social and cultural factors in intercultural communication, which could bring about the consequence of communication breakdown. Aim and objectives. Define interpretations of the word “woman” in the Chinese language. Material and methods. Abundant theoretical works on intercultural communication are profoundly used which have laid solid foundation for the interpretations of basic concept. Meanwhile, many Chinese and English explanatory dictionaries are used to interpret the semantic meaning of the word “woman”. By means of case analysis, the article discovers the semantic differences of word “woman“ in Chinese language and Russian language and points out the negative attitude of Chinese students towards the semantic meaning of word “women”. Furthermore, researches are conducted among the exchange students from Zhejiang Ocean University in order to discover the hidden reasons, which have caused negative attitude towards the semantic meaning of word “women”. Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of an unsuccessful intercultural communication experience of exchange students from China, the article explicitly reveals the semantic meanings including the extended meaning and the figurative meaning of the word “woman” in the Chinese language context, and explores the roots of the formation of the existing cognitive semantic meanings. Conclusion. Globalization inevitably influences the concept and ideology of the whole world. At present, China has entered a cultural transition period, when modern culture must take the place of traditional culture, and the national culture faces the challenge and invasion of foreign culture.
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Zhang, Jie, Jill M. Norvilitis, and Travis Sky Ingersoll. "Idiocentrism, Allocentrism, Psychological Well Being and Suicidal Ideation: A Cross Cultural Study." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 55, no. 2 (October 2007): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.55.2.c.

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The present study examined the relationship between idiocentrism, allocentrism, psychological well being (self-esteem, depression, and social support), and suicidal ideation among 283 American college students and 343 Chinese college students. Idiocentrism was correlated with high self-esteem, high depression, and low social support, but the relationships were more likely to be significant for women than for men in both cultures. Allocentrism was primarily related to social support. As predicted, high levels of suicidal ideation were correlated with more idiocentrism, but only for women. Allocentrism was related to lower levels of suicidal ideation in both cultures, but the relationship was small. As suicide prevention may start from suicidal ideation treatment, the treatment of suicidal ideation may have to take into account cultural and personal characteristics, such as idiocentrism.
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45

Wang, Ling, Qinglu Wu, and Anna Wai-Man Choi. "Negative Emotions as Risk Factors for Self-Directed Violence and Intimate Partner Violence in Chinese College Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 12, 2017): 3886–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517713225.

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In this study, we examined the unique contributions of negative emotions (i.e., anger, depression, and shame) for two different types of self-directed violence (i.e., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI] and suicidality) and three different types of intimate partner violence perpetration (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological violence) in a college sample. We investigated the moderating role of gender in any link between the negative emotions and the violent behaviors. We also examined an association between self-directed violence and intimate partner violence perpetration. We collected the survey data from a convenience sample of 752 Chinese college students (408 women and 344 men) ranging from 18 to 23 years of age. The questionnaires were filled out during class time. Analyses revealed that anger was associated with increased intimate partner physical, sexual, and psychological violence perpetration but not self-directed violence, underscoring its relevance for engaging in violence directed toward others. Our analyses also showed that, conversely, shame was associated with increased NSSI and suicidality but not intimate partner violence. Depression was associated with increased risk of engaging in self-directed violence as well as intimate partner physical and psychological violence. Moderation analysis showed that gender moderates the relationship of shame with NSSI. Women appear more susceptible to NSSI influenced by shame. Furthermore, the results found self-directed violence and intimate partner physical violence perpetration to be associated. The findings highlight the importance of targeting negative emotions in treatment with high-risk individuals. Integrated violence prevention programs would make it possible to treat co-occurring violence against self and intimate others in a more effective way.
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Zhong, Jie, Jun Liu, Chun Wang, Mo Qin, Jieqing Tan, and Chunli Yi. "Psychometric Properties of the Padua Inventory in Chinese College Samples." Psychological Reports 109, no. 3 (December 2011): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.03.09.15.pr0.109.6.803-818.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Padua Inventory in Chinese college samples. Three different samples ( N1 = 1,939, N2 = 1,341, and N3 = 298) of Chinese college students were recruited. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure which was similar to that found in previous studies. Further, present results showed good internal consistency as well as convergent and divergent validity with the subscales of the Symptom Checklist–90 and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Although no sex difference was found on total score, women had significantly higher scores on Factor 2 (Urges and worries of losing control over motor behaviors) and Factor 4 (Checking), while men had significantly higher scores on Factor 3 (Contamination). Implications of the results and directions for research are discussed.
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Ye, Yinghua. "Role of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Risk of Career Options on Career Decision-Making of Chinese Graduates." Psychological Reports 114, no. 2 (April 2014): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.17.pr0.114k20w9.

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This study investigated the influence of Chinese graduates' career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) and the moderating effect of career options on career decisions. Graduates (92 men, 119 women, 5 unreported gender; M age = 22.3 yr., SD = 1.2) from four different types of universities in Zhejiang Province participated in the study. CDMSE was measured with the CDMSE Scale for University Students, and participants rated their choices on 3 career options with different levels of risk. The results showed that participants were more likely to choose a high-risk option, and that career options moderated the relation between graduates' CDMSE and career decision. Graduate career counseling programs should encourage students to develop more reasonable career goals that match their skills.
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Mann, Stephen K. F., and Viviana Cheng. "Responding to Moral Dilemmas: The Roles of Empathy and Collectivist Values among the Chinese." Psychological Reports 113, no. 1 (August 2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/17.21.pr0.113x14z6.

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The present study assessed how empathy and vertical collectivism are related to moral competency in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese university students ( N = 153; 70 men, 83 women). The Emotional Tendency Scale, Individualism-Collectivism Scale, and Moral Judgment Test were used to quantify empathy, vertical collectivism, and moral competency, respectively. Results showed that empathy was not statistically significantly correlated with moral judgment. The interaction of vertical collectivism and empathy predicted a theoretically important portion of the variance in moral competency. The role of culture in moral development was discussed.
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Zhang, Kuo. "LEARNING THE “LANGUAGE” OF MOTHERHOOD AS INTERNATIONAL GRADUATE STUDENTS." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29539.

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As international students seek degrees in U.S. institutions of higher education, their role as students is forefronted and recognizable by faculty and peers. However, what often remains invisible are international students' social and personal experiences during academic study abroad. Although there is a great deal of feminist research on academic identity and motherhood, almost nothing has been written regarding the experiences of international women who become mothers while pursuing graduate studies in the U.S. This poetic ethnographic study focuses on the lived experiences of eleven international graduate student first-time mothers from Chinese mainland and Taiwan who became new mothers during their programs of study in the U.S., especially how they kept learning their ongoing, dynamic, multifaceted, and embodied “language” of motherhood through various kinds of social interactions, and among divergent practices, beliefs, and cultures. This article explores how poetic inquiry can contribute to the understanding of international graduate student mothers’ experiences as a social, cultural, and educational phenomenon. This article also discusses the issues of ethics and self-reflexivity of conducting poetic inquiry research.
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Pilishvili, Tatiana S. "Time Perspective and the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese University Students adapting to Russia." Open Psychology Journal 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101710010011.

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Background:The purpose is to examine the specifics of time perspective and the psychological well-being of Chinese University students, who differ in their level of social-psychological adaptation to Russia.Objective:The psychological well-being and time perspective.Method:With the use of 5 questionnaire-type methodologies we conducted the study with 120 RUDN University students (60 men and 60 women from China).Results:The comparative and factor analysis reveal that there are differences in time perspective and psychological well-being. Students from the 1st group, who have been in Russia for less than one year, have adapted the least to Russian culture. They experience a low level of subjective well-being. The 2nd with approximately 3 years of adapting to a new culture shows instability in adapting. Their level of self-acceptance is average; they often experience emotional discomfort. The 3rd group with more than 5 years of immersion into a new culture, demonstrates a higher level of adaptation as well as a higher level of subjective well-being. This group is able to identify the positive experiences from their past and can relate to the uncertainty of their future optimistically. A link was found between maladaptation in the context of poor time perceptive, a negative view of one’s self in the past and the inability to intrinsically control ones present. The results received cohere with the concept of adaptation as a cyclical ever-increasing curve Y.Y. Kim.Conclusion:The observed differences can help to develop a program dedicated to the psychological adaptation of foreign students in Russia.
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