Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women criminal justice personnel

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Women criminal justice personnel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

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Anderson, James F., Kelley Reinsmith-Jones, Tazinski Lee, and Willie M. Brooks. "The Silence of Female Sexual Offending: A Public Health Issue." International Journal of Social Science Studies 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i2.5153.

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The idea that females can engage in sexually predatory behavior against children and adolescence is difficult to convey to the lay pubic since most of society believes the notion defies conventional ways of viewing the gendered nature and roles that women traditionally perform. Despite this, scholars and researchers examining child sexual abuse are beginning to report on silent offenders (women and young females) and their victimizations that have been largely ignored by criminal justice personnel who are responsible for holding sex offenders accountable. We argue that female sex offending is more common than believed and is both a criminal justice and a public health issue. We also argue that until society recognizes that sex offending is not a gendered crime, more cases will escape the attention of both criminal justice and public health systems that are in positions to punish and treat where appropriate.
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Leon, Chrysanthi S., and Corey S. Shdaimah. "“We’ll Take the Tough Ones”." New Criminal Law Review 22, no. 4 (2019): 542–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2019.22.4.542.

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Expertise in multi-door criminal justice enables new forms of intervention within existing criminal justice systems. Expertise provides criminal justice personnel with the rationale and means to use their authority in order to carry out their existing roles for the purpose of doing (what they see as) good. In the first section, we outline theoretical frameworks derived from Gil Eyal’s sociology of expertise and Thomas Haskell’s evolution of moral sensibility. We use professional stakeholder interview data (N = 45) from our studies of three emerging and existing prostitution diversion programs as a case study to illustrate how criminal justice actors use what we define as primary, secondary, and tertiary expertise in multi-agency working groups. Actors make use of the tools at their disposal—in this case, the concept of trauma—to further personal and professional goals. As our case study demonstrates, professionals in specialized diversion programs recognize the inadequacy of criminal justice systems and believe that women who sell sex do so as a response to past harms and a lack of social, emotional, and material resources to cope with their trauma. Trauma shapes the kinds of interventions and expertise that are marshalled in response. Specialized programs create seepage that may reduce solely punitive responses and pave the way for better services. However empathetic, they do nothing to address the societal forces that are the root causes of harm and resultant trauma. This may have more to do with imagined capacities than with the objectively best approaches.
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Rosenbaum, Jill Leslie, and Meda Chesney-Lind. "Appearance and Delinquency: A Research Note." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 2 (April 1994): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040002006.

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Culturally derived standards of attractiveness are used in determining the treatment women receive in various aspects of their lives, including the criminal justice system. Examination of the files from the California Youth Authority from the 1960s indicated that male intake personnel often commented on the physical attributes of the female wards. This was most likely to occur when the ward had at least one charge of “immorality” on her record. When more recent files were examined, notations on the physical attractiveness were least likely to occur when the wards had been committed to the institution for serious violations.
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Stringer, Kristi Lynn, Phillip Marotta, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Jasmine Akuffo, Ariel M. Richer, Nabila El-Bassel, and Louisa Gilbert. "Mental Health Consequences of Sexual Misconduct by Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Personnel among Black Drug-Involved Women in Community Corrections." Journal of Urban Health 97, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00394-w.

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Hnatchuk, A. "WAYS OF IMPROVING REGULATORY AND LEGAL ENFORCEMENT OF COURT DECISIONS REGARDING CONVICTS IN PLACES OF IMPRISONMENT." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2023, no. 2 (April 10, 2024): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2023.02.046.

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The article states that the Russian-Ukrainian war had a profound impact on important state decisions regarding the reform of the criminal justice system and its transformation into a penitentiary system. This was especially evident with the opening of new correctional colonies for prisoners of war of the Russian Federation and the serving of punishment for war crimes as servicemen of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and collaborators among citizens of Ukraine. The improvement of legal and regulatory enforcement of court decisions regarding convicts in places of imprisonment is determined by the need to revise the existing legal and regulatory framework, with the aim of bringing it into line with the new needs of the socio-economic and political-legal development of Ukraine. It is noted that the following problems have been identified in the practical sphere of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments in terms of the execution of court decisions regarding convicts in places of imprisonment: a) the execution of court decisions by prison personnel is complicated by the fact that the bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments receive court decisions on various categories of convicts: first-time convicts, previously convicted, women, men, minors, and therefore their reception has its own peculiarities; b) description of the mechanism of execution of court decisions by the staff of places of imprisonment in the precedent practice of the Supreme Court and its analysis in terms of harmonization with national legislation and the practice of the ECHR; c) ensuring the correct interpretation of the mechanism of execution of court decisions by the staff of places of imprisonment and developing the necessary legislative initiatives on this basis; d) working out the mechanisms for the execution of court decisions by the staff of places of imprisonment by improving the criminal-executive legislation, taking into account the content of its reformatory changes, introduced amendments, prescriptions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, provisions of international legal acts, decisions of the ECHR and the precedent practice of the Supreme Court, which are often in the situation dynamic changes and incomplete systematization. The solution to these problems requires the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to introduce legislative amendments to improve the current criminal-executive legislation, corrections to the functioning of the criminal-executive system, cooperation with state and non-state organizations as part of the proper execution of court decisions regarding convicts in places of imprisonment. Our analysis of the source base of the research proved the need to develop an effective concept of execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine, as various difficulties arise in practice, the causes of which are both the imperfection of domestic legislation and the reluctance of the staff of the penal institutions to comply with them. The need to introduce changes and additions to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the current legal acts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine regarding the improvement of the proper execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine is substantiated. Key words: improvement, execution, court decision, convict, places of imprisonment.
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Sudarta, Gede Dicky Wahyu Putra, I. Made Wirya Darma, and Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo. "Corrective Justice For Medical Personnel Who Violate The Law: Where Is The Professional Organizations Involvement?" Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 23, no. 2 (August 29, 2023): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.2.3657.

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The provision of criminal sanctions for medical personnel who violate the law in the form of gross negligence creates legal uncertainty apart from the unclear definition of serious negligence and does not involve the role of professional medical professional organizations in determining criminal witnesses for medical personnel. This study aims to formulate aspects of corrective justice for medical personnel who violate the law, especially in the realm of criminal law. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that the criminal responsibility of medical personnel requires the role of the professional organization of the medical personnel concerned. This is because the assessment of the professional organization of medical personnel is important as a form of guaranteeing justice and legal certainty for medical personnel. Corrective justice-based medical personnel accountability orientation can actually be carried out by involving the roles and recommendations of medical professional organizations. In addition, health law reform is also needed by formulating criminal sanctions for medical personnel based on ultimum remidium, namely utilizing non-prison criminal sanctions in order to achieve justice for medical personnel
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Albonetti, Celesta A., and Allison Morris. "Women, Crime and Criminal Justice." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 6 (November 1989): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2074213.

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Phoenix, Jo. "Women, Men and Criminal Justice." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 99 (2023): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20239914.

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Nixon, Sarah. "‘Giving back and getting on with my life’: Peer mentoring, desistance and recovery of ex-offenders." Probation Journal 67, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550519900249.

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Peer work and peer mentoring are dynamic social processes that have reciprocal benefits for both mentor and mentee in tackling issues around reoffending and substance misuse. Narratives of peer mentors and desistance were collected from probation peer mentors, Criminal Justice Drugs Team mentors and health trainers, to explore identity transformation and how the criminal justice system supports ex-offenders in desistance. Criminal justice practitioners were also interviewed to explore the importance of relational support networks. Themes that emerged from the research include the transformative potential of peer work and how peer workers can become role models for other offenders. Peer workers are ‘experts by experience’, using personal narratives of desistance to inspire hope in others. Influential criminal justice personnel are key to this process. Peer work can be the start of building a desisting identity, acting as a ‘hook for change’. Peer workers are given spaces within criminal justice organisations to work, which fosters a sense of purpose, belonging, trust and responsibility. Seeing ex-offenders from a strengths-based perspective is integral to supporting ex-offender transition. However, peer workers are inconsistently validated by criminal justice personnel, which can impede their desistance, placing them in a liminal position.
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Rahmdel, Mansour. "Women and Iranian Criminal Justice System." Economics, Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v1n1p92.

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<em>To understand the predicament of women in Iran, it is necessary to look to both the religion and strong social and cultural forces, which shape their position in society. Islam is often held responsible for the inequitable and sometimes violent treatment of women in Iran. Considering the women situation before Islam, they have gained more rights after Islam. But, no doubt that the differences and strong social and cultural forces regarding women arise from Islam in the Iranian society. The justifications of these differences mainly is that before Islam the women had so little rights and even they were buried alive, but Islam has rescued them and given them some rights. While this view point in per se is completely un-right, but the point is that, it was 1400 years ago and in addition, why Islam has not completed the protection against all differences. The simple answer is that in that social situation it was impossible to convenience the men to accept the equality of men and women. Problems in attaining the full recognition and enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for women in Iranian criminal justice system are the main theme of the present article.</em>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

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Londono, Patricia. "Women, human rights and criminal justice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a732023d-2de0-40cd-b132-9caa0df73135.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the development of arguments that better incorporate women into the existing human rights paradigm. The human rights analysis is developed in relation to two substantive areas: sexual violence and female prisoners' rights. The first chapter questions whether the current human rights paradigm can address women's human rights claims, or if this discourse should be abandoned altogether. It sets out a number of feminist theories, showing how they evolved, analysing their strengths and weaknesses, and assessing them against the subject matter of the thesis. The strength of the human rights paradigm is examined with reference to the criticisms of liberal legal theory: the dependence on notions of negative freedom; the separation of public and private spheres of life; the emphasis on the neutrality and rationality of the liberal individual; and the focus on formal equality. The manner in which the substantive law of rape is dealt with in human rights jurisprudence is analysed. The potential for human rights jurisprudence to affect the Sexual Offences Act 2003 is considered, particularly in relation to the new definition of consent. A new procedural framework for the handling of rape cases is developed. By drawing on the work of Alexy, it is argued that notions of rights within ECHR jurisprudence ought to be more subjective, enabling complainants to raise human rights claims in the context of criminal trials. A framework for the reconciliation of positive duties owed to defendant and complainant under the Convention is proposed. Similarly, the thesis analyses the substantive case law in relation to prisoners' rights, and its potential for addressing the rights of female prisoners. Finally, it is argued that ECHR jurisprudence needs to be developed further to address the substance of proportionate sentences, as opposed simply to the procedural aspects of sentencing decisions.
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Agozino, Onwubiko. "Black women and the criminal justice system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26357.

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The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate that victimisation is not punishment. Although this thesis statement sounds simplistic enough, there is a need to demonstrate its validity because the theory and practice of punishment focus exclusively on 'the punishment of offenders' as if anyone who is 'punished' is necessarily an offender. A review of the philosophy and theory of punishment reveals that the punishment of the innocent is conceptualised as a logical impossibility or contradiction because punishment is conventionally construed to presuppose an offence. The present dissertation argues that the punishment of the innocent is not always a mistake or a miscarriage of justice but also an inherent feature of the adversarial nature of criminal justice which assumes formal equality between parties who are substantively unequal in class, race and gender relations. This dissertation is guided by the assumption that the more central punishment is to any theory or practice of criminal justice the greater the tendency for that theory or practice to conceal or truncate relatively autonomous issues that are routinely packaged, with, and thereby colonised by, the conceptual empire of punishment. The historical materialist theory of the articulation of race, class and gender relations is applied here to show how poor black women in particular, poor black people and poor women in general, are uniquely vulnerable to victimization-as-punishment and victimization-in-punishment and how they struggle against these. The former refers to the 'punishment' of innocent people sometimes because they are close to targeted individuals and sometimes because they are framed and made to appear guilty. The latter refers to punishment which is unusual or out of proportion in relation to the nature of the offence. The concept of colonialism is employed in this thesis to underscore the close links between the law-and-order politics of today and the imperial traditions of the past and to emphasise the colonisation of relatively autonomous institutions and processes by the criminal justice system.
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Bolton, Angela. "'Last resort?' : women prisoners, community and penal policy; a community prison system for women: exploring the issues." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314337.

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Newton, Kathryn. "African American Women's Perceptions of and Experiences with Mandated Substance Abuse Treatment: Implications for Counselors." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04242008-014909/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Brian J. Dew, committee chair; Kris Varjas, Barbara Gormley, Catherine Cadenhead, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Electronic text (169 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lima, Giovanna C. "When Women Kill." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2385.

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The media is one of the strongest influences on how society views the criminal justice system and all actors therein. This is especially true for offenders of violent crime. Notably, women who kill are rare. However, when women do murder someone, the media tends to over expose them and portray them in different ways. The current study is intended to examine how the media portrays women murderers. In particular, this research is focused on how fictional and true crime programs portray female killers. Do they portray them in a positive or negative light? Do they portray them realistically? Are true crime shows more realistic than fictional crime shows? Each of these questions was explored and it was found that true crime programs, even though not wholly realistic, do portray women much more realistically than fictional shows. It is important to study these portrayals in order to understand how women killers are portrayed, how society views and interprets these particular criminals, and what are the steps necessary in order to prevent and change the way media process this crime.
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Chronis, Steven A. "An analysis of the need for a fitness component to be included in the curriculum in the Criminal Justice Program at Chippewa Valley Technical College." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009chroniss.pdf.

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Quadrelli, Carol A. "Aberrance, agency and social constructions of women offenders." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15849/1/Carol_Quadrelli_Thesis.pdf.

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Traditionally offending women are framed through essentialist discourses of pathologisation and the family. Hence, good women are constructed as passive, compliant, vulnerable to victimisation, and nurturers. Offending women are constructed within criminal justice processes as disordered, physiologically and psychologically flawed. Censure or sympathy dispensed to women within the system is contingent on a number of key factors: the type of offence, the category of women involved, and the way in which women interact and negotiate the discourses used to construct their aberrance. The focus of this thesis is offending women and how they are socially constructed through legal and penal discourses within the court and the prison. However this thesis rejects the essentialist framework which positions women as passive recipients of an omnipotent patriarchal criminal justice system and thus having no agency. Nor is this thesis about creating a new entity to encompass all offending women. Instead an anti- essentialist approach is adopted that allows the body, power, and women's agency to be theorised. This approach provides a more complex and detailed account of women's aberrance that acknowledges the diverse range of women, their experiences and negotiations of criminal justice processes. The combination of real women's lived experiences and an alternative theoretical framework provides a very different perspective in which to understand female offending.
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Quadrelli, Carol A. "Aberrance, Agency and Social Constructions of Women Offenders." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15849/.

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Traditionally offending women are framed through essentialist discourses of pathologisation and the family. Hence, good women are constructed as passive, compliant, vulnerable to victimisation, and nurturers. Offending women are constructed within criminal justice processes as disordered, physiologically and psychologically flawed. Censure or sympathy dispensed to women within the system is contingent on a number of key factors: the type of offence, the category of women involved, and the way in which women interact and negotiate the discourses used to construct their aberrance. The focus of this thesis is offending women and how they are socially constructed through legal and penal discourses within the court and the prison. However this thesis rejects the essentialist framework which positions women as passive recipients of an omnipotent patriarchal criminal justice system and thus having no agency. Nor is this thesis about creating a new entity to encompass all offending women. Instead an anti- essentialist approach is adopted that allows the body, power, and women's agency to be theorised. This approach provides a more complex and detailed account of women's aberrance that acknowledges the diverse range of women, their experiences and negotiations of criminal justice processes. The combination of real women's lived experiences and an alternative theoretical framework provides a very different perspective in which to understand female offending.
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Light, Bailie. "The Effects of Sexual Victimization on College Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3513.

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This thesis analyzed the effects of sexual victimization among college women. Previous research has found that victimization has several negative effects. This thesis was designed to add to this literature by addressing how sexual victimization effects both behavior and academic performance. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between sexual victimization and behavior changes, the type of victimization experienced had a different impact on the victim based on the type of victimization they experienced, and that academic performance was significantly affected by sexual victimization.
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Czaika, Gabrielle. "The social construction of female criminality : women, mental health, and the criminal justice system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64030.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

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Weisheit, Ralph A. Women, crime, and criminal justice. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Pub. Co., 1988.

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Clemens, Bartollas, ed. Women and the criminal justice system. 3rd ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011.

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Feinman, Clarice. Women in the criminal justice system. 3rd ed. USA: Praeger, 1994.

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Wormer, Katherine S. Van. Women and the criminal justice system. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011.

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Clemens, Bartollas, ed. Women and the criminal justice system. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Allyn and Bacon, 2007.

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Joëlle, Vuille, ed. Les femmes et la question criminelle: Délits commis, expériences de victimisation et professions judiciaires. Zurich: Seismo, 2017.

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B, Flowers Ronald. Women and criminality: The woman as victim, offender, and practitioner. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.

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Kalaman, Marek R. Partycypacja zawodowa funkcjonariuszy-kobiet w służbie więziennej. Dąbrowa Górnicza: Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej, 2017.

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Maier, Heike. "Taktlos, unweiblich und preussisch": Henriette Arendt, die erste Polizeiassistentin Stuttgarts (1903-1908) : eine Mikrostudie. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1998.

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Western Australia. Ministry of Justice., ed. Women's plan: Agenda for action. [Western Australia]: The Ministry, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

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Ross, Darrell L. "Personnel Issues and Liability." In Civil Liability in Criminal Justice, 233–81. Seventh edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351062664-9.

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Ross, Darrell L. "Personnel Issues and Liability." In Civil Liability in Criminal Justice, 261–312. 8th ed. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170792-9.

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Townsley, Jane, Ellie Lenawarungu, and Samantha Burton. "Women." In Culture, Diversity, and Criminal Justice, 116–29. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003258032-11.

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Logan, Anne. "Women in the Criminal Courts." In Feminism and Criminal Justice, 78–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584136_4.

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Logan, Anne. "Women in the Penal System." In Feminism and Criminal Justice, 108–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584136_5.

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Fitzgibbon, Wendy. "Working with Women." In Applied Photovoice in Criminal Justice, 40–59. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003017127-4.

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Schulz, Dorothy Moses. "Women Police." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5568–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_459.

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Milne, Emma, and Jackie Turton. "Understanding Violent Women." In Women and the Criminal Justice System, 119–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76774-1_6.

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van Wormer, Katherine Stuart, and Clemens Bartollas. "Women in Corrections." In Women and the Criminal Justice System, 433–58. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173939-18.

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Brown, Jennifer, Tim Prenzler, and Anne R. van Ewijk. "Women in Policing." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5548–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_293.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

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Fatoni, Syamsul, Dewi Muti'ah, and Dodik Pranata Wijaya. "The existence of Criminal Justice System As Legal Safeguards Against Women Victims of Domestic Violence." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.127.

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Wijayath, A. H. "SEXUAL DIVERSITY AND GENDER IDENTITY IN SRI LANKAN PERSPECTIVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RIGHTS AND POSITION OF SEXUAL MINORITIES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF SRI LANKA." In World Conference on Women s Studies. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/wcws.2018.31045.

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Marques, Jacqueline. "A LOOK AT DOMESTIC AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PORTUGAL: FROM LAW TO DISCOURSES." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/21.

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Despite legislative advancements, domestic violence is still today a crime considered as "minor" by many, or often the actions that materialise it are not even recognised. The first steps in Portuguese legislation were taken by the Penal Code approved in 1982, which typified the crime of ill-treatment between spouses, and by the Law n. º 61/91 of 13th of August, which guaranteed “adequate protection to women victims of violence”. However, only in 2007, was the crime of Domestic Violence created, which shows, from 1982 until then, a long path of hesitations and slow social evolution concerning the consciousness of this crime’s seriousness. Until 2007, the crime of spousal abuse was integrated in a broader criminal arrangement, characterised by the abuse of persons. In 2009, with the typification of the crime of Domestic Violence and with the publication of the legal regime applicable to the prevention, protection, and assistance of victims, denominated as Law of Domestic Violence, a more consolidated phase was inaugurated, in both legal treatment and social intervention. Despite these evolutions, Portugal continues to witness an attitude of "social and collective consent" to some forms of Domestic Violence, oftentimes disguised in the acceptance and normalisation of gender inequalities. We have seen news stories where judgements are presented, within the scope of Domestic Violence cases, where discriminatory ideas against women and excuses for the crime of Domestic Violence are manifested. This is proof that some of the representatives of justice (the judges) do not accept what has already been legally approved in the Portuguese legal system. Similarly, recent studies on the population’s perception of domestic and gender-based violence show the abiding ideas and understandings of acceptance and normalisation of domestic and gender-based violence in Portuguese society. We intend to present the evolution of the typification of the crime of domestic violence in Portugal. Then, we intend to understand how this phenomenon has been perceived in Portuguese society. Therefore, we will be able to understand the continuities and ruptures between the legislative body and the social body in what concerns Domestic Violence and Violence against Women in Portugal.
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Velkoska, Emilija. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.7.22.p12.

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The most widespread type of gender-based violence is the violence against women which results in psychological, physical, and sexual violence. Domestic violence is a crime that is most often reported by the victims of domestic violence. However, it can be reported by anyone who has got indication and knowledge about it, such as a family member, or someone from the neighborhood, relatives, friends, etc. Institutions which work in this domain, such as the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Justice, as well as the non-governmental sector which offers free legal aid to the victims of domestic violence, are of particular importance. During the corona virus pandemic, the victims of domestic violence who need help, most often women and girls, are given support to be encouraged to report these cases to the competent institutions on the telephone number 192, or at the nearest police station. In addition to restrictive measures during curfew and prohibited movement of citizens, potential victims of domestic violence get a feeling of anxiety, fear, powerlessness, and captivity with the perpetrator of violence. The subject of the research are reported cases in the field of domestic violence before and during the pandemic of Covid-19, i.e., criminal acts and complaints from domestic violence, as well as the structural analysis by the Departments of Interior. The time frame that will be covered is the statistics for 2018, 2019, and 2020 from the Ministry of Interior in the Republic of North Macedonia. The Ministry of Interior is the main institution in undertaking a series of measures and activities, as follows: prevention of this type of violence, receiving reports, on-site inspection, protection of the victim, detection and finding the perpetrator of violence, examination and search, documentation at an event, finding objects to prove the crime, confiscation of the firearm if the perpetrator owns or has committed a crime with it. Keywords: domestic violence, victim, perpetrator, crime, pandemic, curfew, etc
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5

أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.

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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "
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Reports on the topic "Women criminal justice personnel"

1

Norsworthy, Sarah, Rebecca Shute, Crystal M. Daye, and Paige Presler-Jur. National Institute of Justice’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence 2019 National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum. Edited by Jeri D. Ropero-Miller and Hope Smiley-McDonald. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.cp.0011.2007.

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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and its Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) hosted the National Opioid and Emerging Drug Threats Policy and Practice Forum on July 18–19, 2019, in Washington, DC. The forum explored ways in which government agencies and programs, law enforcement officials, forensic laboratory personnel, medical examiners and coroners, researchers, and other experts can cooperate to respond to problems associated with drug abuse and misuse. Panelists from these stakeholder groups discussed ways to address concerns such as rapidly expanding crime laboratory caseloads; workforce shortages and resiliency programs; analytical challenges associated with fentanyl analogs and drug mixtures; laboratory quality control; surveillance systems to inform response; and policy related to stakeholder, research, and resource constraints. The NIJ Policy and Practice Forum built off the momentum of previous stakeholder meetings convened by NIJ and other agencies to discuss the consequences of this national epidemic, including the impact it has had on public safety, public health, and the criminal justice response. The forum discussed topics at a policy level and addressed best practices used across the forensic community.
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Fisher, Alana, Smriti Nepal, Logan Harvey, Natalie Peach, Christina Marel, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Maree Teesson, Nicola Newton, and Katherine Mills. Drug and alcohol psychosocial interventions. The Sax Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sczj5829.

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This Evidence Check reviewed effective psychosocial interventions for the management of people with alcohol and other drug issues. The review also aimed to identify the most effective psychosocial interventions for special population groups. A range of psychosocial interventions were examined, including behavioural, motivational, psychodynamic, counselling, mindfulness-based and self-help approaches. A number of psychosocial interventions are supported by the literature, especially for alcohol and tobacco use. The review found evidence to support the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing with and without Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for particular groups, including pregnant women, people with co-occurring mental health and alcohol and other drug issues, and people in the criminal justice system. The reviewers identified a number of gaps in the evidence base including the need for supports after treatment, research into substances other than alcohol and tobacco, and a need for a greater understanding of technology-based interventions.
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Violence Against Women and the Criminal Justice System: Synopsis. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006023.

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All member countries of the IDB have ratified the International Convention to Prevent, Punish, and Eradicate Violence Against Women. But to date implementation has not been sufficient to deal with the phenomenon in a comprehensive way. Additional efforts are needed to fulfill the termsof the law and to ensure women¿s access to legal services, assistance, and reparation.
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