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Journal articles on the topic 'Women – Employment – Italy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mogi, Ryohei, Ryota Mugiyama, and Giammarco Alderotti. "Employment conditions and non-coresidential partnership in very-low fertility countries: Italy and Japan." Journal of Family Research 36 (June 7, 2024): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-953.

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Objective: Our study analyses the relationship between employment conditions and non-coresidential partnership status among women and men in two very-low fertility countries: Italy and Japan. Background: Having a partner is the initial stage of any subsequent family formation. Several studies have reported that precarious employment conditions have negative effects on both union formation and fertility; however, less is known about the previous step, namely, having a non-coresidential partner. Method: We use two nationally representative surveys and examine the association between employment c

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2

Betti, Eloisa. "Fordism’s Underside: Women’s Work in Postwar Italy." Labor 22, no. 1 (2025): 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-11521438.

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Abstract This article deconstructs some of the allegedly positive features of the Fordist era by analyzing postwar Italy from a gender perspective. In the Italian case, the Fordist factory became a paradigmatic image of Italian modernity in the years of the economic miracle, disregarding the diversity of the industrial system and the diversity of labor relations and working conditions, supposedly characterized by the prevalence of stable, full-time, permanent employment. However, job stability was never fully achieved for women in the so-called golden age of the twentieth century. This article

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Bernardi, F. "Does the Husband Matter?: Married Women and Employment in Italy." European Sociological Review 15, no. 3 (1999): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018264.

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Andall, Jacqueline. "Cape Verdean Women on the Move: ‘Immigration Shopping’ in Italy and Europe." Modern Italy 4, no. 2 (1999): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532949908454832.

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SummaryThe central theme of this article is the notion that migrants ‘shop’ for opportunities of work, income and social advantages in different countries. Taking the case of Cape Verdean women migrants, the research is based on 25 in-depth interviews carried out with domestic workers in Rome and Rotterdam. I explore ways in which these women have negotiated mobility, employment and family and household responsibilities within the context of a largely independent female migration which is well established from Cape Verde. Italy has a nodal role in channelling mobility from Cape Verde to variou

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5

COOKE, LYNN PRINCE. "Gender Equity and Fertility in Italy and Spain." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (2009): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002584.

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AbstractGender equity and its effects on fertility vary across socio-political contexts, particularly when comparing less with more developed economies. But do subtle differences in equity within more similar contexts matter as well? Here we compare Italy and Spain, two countries with low fertility levels and institutional reliance on kinship and family, but with employment equity among women during the 1990s slightly greater in Italy than Spain. The European Community Household Panel is used to explore the effect of this difference in gender equity on the likelihood of married couples having

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Manicardi, Caterina. "Feminization of labor in Italy." Sinappsi 13, no. 2 (2023): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2023-02-1.

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This paper examines the process of feminization of labor in Italy over the past thirty years, intended here as i) the quantitative increase of female participation in paid labor and ii) the spreading of those employment patterns and conditions that used to affect only peripheral workers. The complex interaction between wage and contract flexibility on one hand, and the shift towards a service-based economy and the growing presence of women in the workforce on the other, is analyzed through descriptive statistics. A critical assessment of some EU work-life balance policies is also provided.

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Obadić, Alka, and Lorena Pehar. "Employment, Capital and Seasonality in Selected Mediterranean Countries." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, s1 (2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0012.

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Abstract The paper examines the influence of tourism industry on GDP, employment and capital investments in selected Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Italy and Spain). It points out important contribution which tourism has on economic activity and capital investment of selected economies and labour market. The analysis highlights the importance of tourism strength in generating employment. It synthesizes data on tourism employment and employment according to educational level. The results show that the quality of human capital is increasing but at the same time indicating gend

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Martini, Barbara. "Examining gender and ethnic segregation in Italy’s labour market: Are women and migrants more segregated than men and natives?" Romanian Journal of Regional Science 18, no. 2 (2024): 45–60. https://doi.org/10.61225/rjrs.2024.09.

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In Italy, migration is a new phenomenon, with non-native women and men constituting roughly equal shares of the workforce. However, their employment sectors differ significantly: non-native women often work in the same sectors as native women, while non-native men are employed in distinct sectors compared to their native counterparts. This paper examines gender segregation by analysing individuals’ backgrounds—distinguishing between native and non-native workers—and the impact of contract types, specifically fixed-term versus open-ended contracts. The study aims to determine whether the preval

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Laudano, Maria Carmen, Lamberto Zollo, Cristiano Ciappei, and Vincenzo Zampi. "Entrepreneurial universities and women entrepreneurship: a cross-cultural study." Management Decision 57, no. 9 (2019): 2541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2018-0391.

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Purpose Through a cross-culture study, the purpose of this paper is to understand about how entrepreneurial universities can foster entrepreneurship in women by attending to psychological and environmental factors and personality traits that encourage women to form entrepreneurial intent. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the proposed conceptual model on a cross-cultural sample comprising 350 students from Italy, a developed country, and from Albania, an emerging country. Structural equation modeling is used to validate the proposed model and test the hypothesized relationships. Fin

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Gazzola, Michele, and Daniele Mazzacani. "Foreign language skills and employment status of European natives: evidence from Germany, Italy and Spain." Empirica 46, no. 4 (2019): 713–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09460-7.

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Abstract This article examines the relationship between foreign language skills and the employment status of natives in Germany, Italy and Spain. Using a probit model and data from Eurostat’s Adult Education Survey 2011, this article studies the conditional correlation between knowledge of English and French as foreign languages, and the probability of being employed, comparatively, for men and women. The results reveal that skills in English increase the probability of being employed for men in the three countries, respectively, by 3.4, 4.3 and 5.2%. Knowledge of English increases the probabi

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Nicolescu, Gabriela. "From Border Fetishism to Tactical Socialism." East Central Europe 45, no. 2-3 (2018): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04502005.

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This article discusses the meeting point of two political systems with their distinctive value imprints on individuals’ everyday lives. It focuses on two stories of care, aesthetics and labor of Romanian women before the fall of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the first two decades after 1989. The first account comes from an expert, the head of the Union of National Cooperatives of Production (ucecom) during socialist Romania, the main producer of artizanat objects for export. She tells the story of the benefits of employment in state factories for women, and how socialist produ

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12

Kowalska, Kamila. "Free Movement of Workers and Right of Establishment in Light of the Barriers and Challenges of the Italian Labour Market: a Case Study of Highly Skilled Polish Women Professionals." Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 2024 (L), no. 4 (194) (2025): 45. https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.24.020.20736.

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Labour migration from Poland to Italy initiated in the second half of the 1980s, being characterised by employment in the shadow economy and secondary segment of the labour market. In the following decades, significant changes in the nature of these flows have been registered as a result of the Iron Curtain’s fall, visa requirements abolition, Italian migration policy and finally with Poland’s accession to the EU. The aim of this article is to analyse to what extent the implementation of the free movement of workers and the right of establishment have equalised Poles’ employment opportunities

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De Andreis, Federico, and Paola Paoloni. "Pull Factors Driving Female immigrant Entrepreneurship in Italy." International Conference on Gender Research 8, no. 1 (2025): 66–75. https://doi.org/10.34190/icgr.8.1.3489.

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Over the past two decades, the relationship between migration and entrepreneurship has gained prominence in Western economies. The increasing number of businesses led by foreign nationals has reshaped the entrepreneurial landscape in many countries, including Italy. In Italy, regulatory flexibility, shifting migration patterns, and market demand—combined with an economy dominated by small enterprises—have fostered a favorable environment for entrepreneurship. Grounded in micro and small businesses, the Italian economy supports self-employment and small-scale enterprises, making it particularly

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Morini, Cristina. "The Feminization of Labour in Cognitive Capitalism." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (2007): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400367.

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The article starts with a definition of the concept feminization of labour. It aims to signal how, at both the Italian and the global level, precarity, together with certain qualitative characteristics historically present in female work, have become decisive factors for current productive processes, to the point of progressively transforming women into a strategic pool of labour. Since the early 1990s, Italy has seen a massive increase in the employment of women, within the wave of legislation that has introduced various flexible contracts – so-called atypical work. I show how cognitive capit

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Filippi, Emilia, Letizia Lo Preiato, Chiara Leggerini, and Mariasole Bannò. "Understanding Gender Pay Inequalities: A Comparative Analysis of Women and Male Salaries." International Conference on Gender Research 8, no. 1 (2025): 105–13. https://doi.org/10.34190/icgr.8.1.3343.

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Gender equality is enshrined in the Italian Constitution, particularly in Article 3, which emphasizes both formal and substantive equality between genders. However, recent data from the Istituto Nazionale per la Previdenza Sociale (INPS, 2024) reveal that gender equality in Italy’s labor market remains elusive, especially regarding employment and pay. The employment rate for women is just 57%, significantly lower than the European average by thirteen percentage points. Moreover, while the gender pay gap appears modest, equal to 4.3%, this statistic can misleadingly suggest minimal wage dispari

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Woodcock, Andree, Stefan Roseanu, Isolda Constantin, and Christiana Damboianu. "Barriers to women’s employment in the transport sector in Europe." Open Research Europe 5 (January 31, 2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16123.1.

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The H2020 TinnGO (Transport and Innovation Gender Observatory) project (https://www.tinngo.eu/) addressed gender inequality in mobility patterns, education, and employment in the transport sector. The European transport sector has around 22% of female transport workers – making it one of the most traditional, male dominated, and change resistant sectors. This paper provides 1) a contemporary picture of women’s work experiences in the transport sector in 10 socially and economically divergent counties in the European Union (i.e. United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Romania, Po

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Rubio, Sónia Parella. "Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 3 (2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.

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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to househ

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Galesi, Davide. "The pharmacologization of loneliness and insecurity." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (March 2013): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-su2009en.

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Research conducted in a province of Italy evidences that the consumption of psychotropic drugs mostly involves women, the elderly with chronic illnesses, and people who have experienced breakdown in a primary affective relation (separation, divorce, partner's death), as well as workers in precarious employment. As emerges from the debate on medicalization, psychotropic drugs are prescribed not only to treat specific psychopathologies but also to reduce the common emotions of loneliness and insecurity.

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Galesi, Davide. "La farmacologizzazione della solitudine e dell'insicurezza." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (October 2012): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-s02009.

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Research conducted in a province of Italy evidences that the consumption of psychotropic drugs mostly involves women, the elderly with chronic illnesses, and people who have experienced breakdown in a primary affective relation (separation, divorce, partner's death), as well as workers in precarious employment. As emerges from the debate on medicalization, psychotropic drugs are prescribed not only to treat specific psychopathologies but also to reduce the common emotions of loneliness and insecurity.

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Zannella, Marina, Antonella Guarneri, and Cinzia Castagnaro. "Leaving and Losing a Job After Childbearing in Italy: A Comparison Between 2005 and 2012." Review of European Studies 11, no. 4 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p1.

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This article builds on microdata from the Birth Sample Survey (BSS) carried out by Istat in 2005 and 2012 in order to analyse changes in the occupational status of mothers of young children. We aim in particular to broaden the understanding of the individual and contextual characteristics that can affect the probability of women who were employed during pregnancy of not returning to work in the two years following the child&rsquo;s birth. The study contributes to existing literature on mothers&rsquo; employment in two main ways. First, we take into consideration the different nature -

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21

Mrsevic, Zorica. "Gender equality and equal opportunity mechanisms in Italy." Temida 10, no. 3 (2007): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0703051m.

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As a country of Southern European mentality Italy may be taken as the nearest-to-the-Balkans model of the gender equality mechanisms and necessity of their existence. Italy also might be taken as a model of domain and methods of functioning of the gender equality mechanisms as well as their connections with the EU development funds. Besides the Italian Ministry for Rights and Equal opportunities and the National Committee, the attention was paid to the whole range of local mechanisms and legal regulations dealing with advancement of women?s employment and counteracting discrimination on the la

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22

Addabbo, Tindara, Rosa María García-Fernández, Carmen María Llorca-Rodríguez, and Anna Maccagnan. "Labor force heterogeneity and wage polarization: Italy and Spain." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 5 (2018): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2017-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the change in the Italian and Spanish wage polarization degree in a time of economic crisis, taking into account the factors affecting labor force heterogeneity. Gender differences in the evolution of social fractures are considered by carrying out the analysis separately for males and females. Design/methodology/approach The approach by Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández (2012) on polarization is applied to the microdata provided by the EU Living Conditions Surveys (2007, 2010 and 2012). According to Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández’s

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Gianfreda, Giuseppina, and Giovanna Vallanti. "Labour Courts and Firing Costs in Italy: The Labour Market Gender Effects of Trial Delays." Economia Italiana 2019/3, Gender gap in Italy and the role of public policy (2019): 99–138. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3862571.

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Gianfreda, Giuseppina and Vallanti, Giovanna (2019). Labour Courts and Firing Costs in Italy: The Labour Market Gender Effects of Trial Delays, <em>Economia Italiana</em>, 2019/3: 99-138 https://economiaitaliana.org/pubblicazioni/gender-gaps-in-italy-and-the-role-of-public-policy/ Gender equality is a relevant issue in the labour market regulation debate.Our analysis contributes to the gender effects of institutions by looking at the interaction among institutions empowered with the settling and the enforcement of rules, namely the interplay between labour courts’ delays and employm

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Castagnetti, Carolina, Luisa Rosti, and Marina Töpfer. "Overeducation and the gender pay gap in Italy." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 5 (2018): 710–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2016-0235.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal role of overeducation in explaining the unexplained part of the gender pay gap (GPG), i.e. the component usually attributed to gender discrimination in the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a large Italian data set (ISFOL PLUS 2005–2014) to estimate the GPG among properly educated and overeducated workers. The model simultaneously accounts for both participation bias and endogeneity bias by applying an extension of the Heckman’s two-stage procedure. Findings Estimates show that the GPG is signi

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Facchini, Carla. "Caring for non-self-sufficient older people in Italy: from a familistic system to the immigrant live-in careworker model." Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, no. 2 (2020): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.149-168.

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The aim of the article is to describe the specificities of the aging phenomenon in Italy and the social policies for non/self-sufficient elderly people, highlighting both the change from a model that relied heavily on a family system to a model based on co-resident immigrant workers to care for the elderly, and the contradictions of this new model. While in Italy the percentage of older people and very older is the highest in Europe, social policies for them involve a limited offer of home and residential services and widespread allowances. At the same time, in Italy, the rise of the aging pop

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MAIDANIK, I. P. "The Influence of Employment Abroad on Childbearing Behaviour of Return Migrants." Demography and social economy, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.041.

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Th e purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of temporary employment abroad on the reproductive activity of return migrants in Ukraine. Th e novelty of the study lies in establishing the quantitative eff ect of international migration experience on the reproductive behavior of return migrants, determining the impact of the presence and number of siblings on respondents’ childbearing activity. Th e main methods used are comparison, grouping and indicators standardization. Th e baseline data and calculations presented in this publication are grounded on the results of a sample study

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Symeonaki, Maria, and Celestine Filopoulou. "Quantifying gender distances in education, occupation and employment." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (2017): 340–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2016-0106.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of gender in education, occupation and employment in Southern Europe and more specifically in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The goal is to provide measures that can trace gender differences with respect to their educational and employment features in these countries, explore whether these differences converge over time and compare the patterns observed in each country given their socio-economic similarities. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses raw data drawn from the European Social Survey (ESS) for the decade 2002-2012.

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Losurdo, Francesco, Ivano Dileo, and Tha`ıs Garcia Pereiro. "Characteristics and Perspectives of Highly Skilled Graduates in the Italian Labour Market." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (2013): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3238.

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The central aim of this paper is to examine the relationships and implications of the education-employment nexus for recent university graduates in Italy by analysing the main elements that influence college graduates' employment probabilities three years after graduation. In addition, it provides a comparison among Italian macro-areas regarding graduates' region of residence in 2010. In this sample, continuous work experience during undergraduate studies, further postgraduate studies, older graduation ages and being married or divorced are characteristics that increase the probability of bein

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Costantino, Claudio, Walter Mazzucco, Nicole Bonaccorso, et al. "Educational Interventions on Pregnancy Vaccinations during Childbirth Classes Improves Vaccine Coverages among Pregnant Women in Palermo’s Province." Vaccines 9, no. 12 (2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121455.

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Maternal immunization is considered the best intervention in order to prevent influenza infection of pregnant women and influenza and pertussis infection of newborns. Despite the existing recommendations, vaccination coverage rates in Italy remain very low. Starting from August 2018, maternal immunization against influenza and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis were strongly recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health. We conducted a cross sectional study to estimate the effectiveness of an educational intervention, conducted during childbirth classes in three general hospitals in the Palermo metr

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Bonito, Benedetta, Daniela Balzi, Sara Boccalini, et al. "Descriptive Observational Study of Tdap Vaccination Adhesion in Pregnant Women in the Florentine Area (Tuscany, Italy) in 2019 and 2020." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090955.

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Background: Tdap (Tetanus-Diphtheria-acellular Pertussis) vaccination is nowadays a worldwide-recommended practice to immunize pregnant women. The vaccine administration at the third trimester of pregnancy (as recommended by the WHO) would ensure antibody protection to both the mother and the newborn and has contributed to the significant drop of pertussis cases in infants. The aim of this observational study was to describe for the first time the socio-demographic characteristics and determinants of Tdap vaccination adhesion of pregnant women in the Florentine area. Methods: Information about

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Dragano, Nico, Claudio Barbaranelli, Marvin Reuter, et al. "Young Workers’ Access to and Awareness of Occupational Safety and Health Services: Age-Differences and Possible Drivers in a Large Survey of Employees in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (2018): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071511.

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Young workers are in particular need of occupational safety and health (OSH) services, but it is unclear whether they have the necessary access to such services. We compared young with older workers in terms of the access to and awareness of OSH services, and examined if differences in employment conditions accounted for age-differences. We used survey data from Italy (INSuLA 1, 2014), with a sample of 8000 employed men and women aged 19 to 65 years, including 732 young workers aged under 30 years. Six questions measured access to services, and five questions assessed awareness of different OS

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Maugeri, Andrea, Martina Barchitta, Roberta Magnano San Lio, et al. "The Relationship between Body Mass Index, Obesity, and LINE-1 Methylation: A Cross-Sectional Study on Women from Southern Italy." Disease Markers 2021 (December 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9910878.

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Uncovering the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and DNA methylation could be useful to understand molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of obesity. Here, we presented a cross-sectional study, aiming to evaluate the association of BMI and obesity with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, among 488 women from Catania, Italy. LINE-1 methylation was assessed in leukocyte DNA by pyrosequencing. We found a negative association between BMI and LINE-1 methylation level in both the unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models. Accordingly, obese women exhibited

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Sarkki, Simo, Cristina Dalla Torre, Jasmiini Fransala, et al. "Reconstructive Social Innovation Cycles in Women-Led Initiatives in Rural Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031231.

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Social innovations can tackle various challenges related to gender equity in rural areas, especially when such innovations are initiated and developed by women themselves. We examine cases located in rural areas of Canada, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, and Serbia, where women are marginalized by gender roles, patriarchal values, male dominated economy and policy, and lack of opportunities for education and employment. Our objective is to analyze five case studies on how women-led social innovation processes can tackle gender equity related challenges manifested at the levels of everyday practice, i

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Zanfrini, Laura, and Cristina Giuliani. "“Look at Me, but Better”: The Experience of Young NEET Migrant Women between Vulnerability and Stifled Ambitions." Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020110.

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The experience and the condition of the vulnerability of young immigrant women with NEET status are not acknowledged in both research and social policy. Within the extreme variety gathered under the term NEET, this present article aims at exploring the experience of a group of young non-EU migrant women aged between 18 and 31 living in Italy, who at the time of their participation in this study, were not engaged in education, employment, or training. Nineteen semi-structured interviews have been collected involving young women who migrated from Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Pakistan, and

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Dal Mas, Francesca, and Paola Paoloni. "A relational capital perspective on social sustainability; the case of female entrepreneurship in Italy." Measuring Business Excellence 24, no. 1 (2019): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2019-0086.

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Purpose Female entrepreneurship has been part of the political agenda internationally. Public entities should promote entrepreneurship in general, and female entrepreneurship in particular, with dedicated resources and programs. Female entrepreneurs are considered a key asset for developing economic growth. However, women experience much more difficulties than men in opening their own ventures. Relational capital is particularly relevant when it comes to female entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the opening of new ventures and the role of relation

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Recchi, Sara, Anne-Iris Romens, and Gemma Scalise. "Post-pandemic remote work and the Italian care model: constraint or opportunity?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 45, no. 13/14 (2025): 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2024-0497.

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PurposeBuilding on Mary Daly’s typology of care policies, this article explores whether and to what extent remote work in post-pandemic times is still considered a tool to cope with the limits of care measures, despite the exit from the emergency phase. We argue that in countries characterised by a familialistic care regime, such as Italy, there is a risk that the adoption of remote work may be distorted by limited conciliation tools and care provisions and fosters gender inequalities.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on a case study on Milan, which is an interesting context for

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Ibrahim, Bello, and Jamilu Ibrahim Mukhtar. "Changing Pattern Of Prostitution: An Assessment Of Transnational Commercial Sex Work By Nigerian Women." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 2 (2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p81.

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This paper is aimed at analyzing the changing pattern of prostitution. However, the definition of the act of prostitution has been metamorphosing for centuries from acceptable to illegal and then (in some jurisdictions) to criminal again, agitations by advocates have also necessitated the nomenclatural alteration from “prostitution” to “commercial sex work”. The paper examined how development in information and communication technology allows commercial sex workers to make connections with clients through internet and sell sex on this platform. Globalization processes has also changed the patt

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Sava, Simona. "FROM EDUCATIONAL POLICIES TO ACTUAL PRACTICES: YOUNG NEETS IN ROMANIA." Journal of Pedagogy - Revista de Pedagogie LXVIII, no. 2 (2020): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26755/revped/2020.2/105.

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According to Eurostat data, the young NEETs (Not in education, employment or training) rate in Romania is one of the highest in Europe. It ranks 4th in Europe in 2019 (after Italy, Greece, and Slovenia) (Eurostat, 2020), with 11.5% for men, and 27.8% for women (while the EU average is 12.2% for men, and 20.8% for women). In addition, Romania has one of the highest rates of ’other NEETs’, not registered by public employment agencies: only 4.8% were registered in 2018, and received the NEETs benefits (CE, 2018). Recent data show the low performance of Romania in monitoring the school to work tra

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Salaris, Luisa, Andrei Iacob, Viviana Anghel, and Giulia Contu. "The Impact of the First Covid-19 Wave on Migrant Workers: The Case of Romanians in Italy." Central and Eastern European Migration Review 11, no. 1 (2022): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54667/ceemr.2022.06.

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The Covid-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on health systems, on many economic sectors and on the labour market. This critical situation is also accompanied by social destabilisation, which has exacerbated inequalities and severely affected the most disadvantaged population groups, such as migrant workers. This study provides insights into the consequences of the first wave and the lockdown period in Spring 2020 of the Covid-19 pandemic on Romanians living in Italy, using data collected by the International Association Italy-Romania ‘Cuore Romeno’, within a project financed by the

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Barchitta, Martina, Andrea Maugeri, Roberta Magnano San Lio, et al. "Dietary Patterns are Associated with Leukocyte LINE-1 Methylation in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Italy." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081843.

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Bioactive food compounds have different effects on global DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism associated with chromosomal stability and genome function. Since the diet is characterized by a mixture of foods, we aimed to identify dietary patterns in women, and to evaluate their association with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of 349 women from Southern Italy, with no history of severe diseases. Dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire and principal

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Fantone, Laura. "Precarious Changes: Gender and Generational Politics in Contemporary Italy." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (2007): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400357.

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The issue of a generational exchange in Italian feminism has been crucial over the last decade. Current struggles over precariousness have revived issues previously raised by feminists of the 1970s, recalling how old forms of instability and precarious employment are still present in Italy. This essay starts from the assumption that precariousness is a constitutive aspect of many young Italian women's lives, young Italian feminist scholars have been discussing the effects of such precarity on their generation. This article analyses the literature produced by political groups of young scholars

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Schroot, Tanja. "Working, Living and Aging with the Elderly: Domestic Care Workers and their Lifelong Learning Practices. The Case of Romanian Women in Italy." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (April 2025): 97–113. https://doi.org/10.3280/mm2025-001006.

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For several decades, European policymakers have been investing substantial efforts in boosting national and individual engagement for lifelong learning (LLL) to drive sustainable growth and to build a more inclusive society. The forecasted longevity of the European population and the potentially extended employment period warrant further research on adult education of the currently aging (migrant) labour population to draw conclusions on their potential for both, increased civic participation and social inclusion beyond their working life. Accordingly, this paper focused on competence building

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Sarkki, Simo, Alice Ludvig, Jasmiini Fransala, et al. "Women-Led Social Innovation Initiatives Contribute to Gender Equality in Rural Areas: Grounded Theory on Five Initiatives From Three Continents." European Countryside 16, no. 4 (2024): 534–62. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2024-0028.

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Abstract Ensuring gender equality is an important development challenge, especially in rural areas, where women are often marginalized by economic, socio-cultural and policy structures. Women-Led Social Innovation Initiatives (WLSIIs) are a promising way to address this challenge, but their contributions to gender equality depend on complex interactions between marginalizing structures and agency of women. The objective of this paper is to examine how the relevant elements of agency enable WLSIIs to contribute to progress towards gender equality in rural areas. We examine five WLSIIs located i

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Moniem el sayed, Esmat Mohamed Abdel. "Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and Its Role in Reducing Unemployment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Research in World Economy 11, no. 1 (2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n1p229.

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SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) account for 60 to 70 percent of jobs in most OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries with a particularly large share in Italy and Japan, and a relatively smaller share in the United States. Throughout; they also account for a disproportionately large share of new jobs, especially in those countries which have displayed a strong employment record.In Saudi Arabia, more than two-thirds of the population are younger than 30 and about 100,000 graduates enter the job market each year. The present paper discusses what measures s

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Kharitonova, Alyona М. "Logic Manuals for Women in the Late Enlightenment Era." Kantian journal 38, no. 3 (2019): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2019-3-4.

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In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the study of the history of the formation of logic, a fundamental and still relevant discipline in un

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Varga Zsoltné Szalai, Piroska. "Is There a Central European Fertility Paradox?" Európai Tükör 27, no. 1 (2024): 143–67. https://doi.org/10.32559/et.2024.1.8.

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Even today, some people believe that fewer children are being born because women have gone out to work, and that fertility would improve if women were allowed to stay at home. The experience of the last 60–70 years in Hungary and Central Europe is quite the opposite. Starting from this paradox, in the present research I sought to find out how fertility in the European Union and in the Member States is related to women’s participation in the labour market and to the financial situation of families.The study shows that over the period 2009–2022, female employment rates are correlated with fertil

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Lal, B. Suresh. "Demographic and Socio-Economic Development — Evidence from G7 Countries." Studies in Social Science & Humanities 2, no. 8 (2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/sssh.2023.08.03.

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Background: The Group of Seven Nations (G7) include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Of these nations, all seven are top-ranked countries for the highest net wealth per capita, leading export countries, and five are on the list of top 10 countries with the largest gold reserves. Represent over 46% of the gross domestic product globally. These countries represent over 32% of the GDP and advanced in technologies. Purpose: This paper aims to discover the development scenario among G7 countries from 2000 to 2020. The paper’s second intent is to comp

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Morgan, Kimberly J. "Path Shifting of the Welfare State: Electoral Competition and the Expansion of Work-Family Policies in Western Europe." World Politics 65, no. 1 (2013): 73–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887112000251.

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What explains the surprising growth of work-family policies in several West European countries? Much research on the welfare state emphasizes its institutional stickiness and immunity to major change. Yet, over the past two decades, governments in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have introduced important reforms to their welfare regimes, enacting paid leave schemes, expanded rights to part-time work, and greater investments in child care. A comparison of these countries reveals a similar sequence of political and policy change. Faced with growing electoral instability and the

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Ferro, Salvatore, Annalisa Caroli, Oriana Nanni, Annibale Biggeri, and Angelo Gambi. "A Cross Sectional Survey on Breast Self Examination Practice, Utilization of Breast Professional Examination, Mammography and Associated Factors in Romagna, Italy." Tumori Journal 78, no. 2 (1992): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169207800207.

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In 1988, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Romagna region (Italy) to evaluate the association between knowledge of breast pathophysiology and preventive attitudes and screening tests practice for breast cancer. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of asymptomatic women aged 20–64 years living in the city of Faenza (Northern Italy). Of the 657 responders, 58 % reported that they practiced breast self-examination; 55% had had a professional breast examination, and only 9 % had had a mammogram as a screening test. Logistic regression analysis (including vari

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Bottone, Germana. "The evolution of labour market institutions in Europe and Asia: A focus on Italy, Singapore and Korea." ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 3 (December 2024): 355–75. https://doi.org/10.3280/ep2024-003001.

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The impact of institutional change upon the labour market is a topic hugely discussed in the literature. This paper investigates the evolution of labour market institutions in Italy, Singapore, and Korea to underline common features and differences. The three countries differ enormously for geographical and historical reasons and are located in two very unlike continent, Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, beyond geographical, historical and economic dissimilarities, Italy, Singapore and Korea show some common trend in their labour markets: an increase in precariousness and a drop in welfare provis

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