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1
Burbyka, Mykhailo, Alyona Klochko, Mykola Logvinenko, and Kateryna Gorbachova. "Separate aspects of legal regulation of women’s labour rights." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2016-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to cover the problems arising in the process of women employment. The purpose is to investigate problems arising in the process of women employment, to analyse the existence of discriminatory aspects with regard to certain categories of workers, and to give recommendations for overcoming discrimination against women in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on formal–logical and general scientific cognitive methods (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization and deduction and induction). Systems and functional methods were used. The methods of concrete-sociological researches were used to gather, analyse and process legal information. The comparative-legal methods determined the actual realization of gender equality principles in different countries. Findings The Ukrainian labour legislation is imperfect and should be reformed, so as to not only declare but also protect women’s rights, in accordance with the current realities and fluctuations in the labour market. Practical implications The research helps overcome gender and age discrimination in Ukraine’s labour market, especially the relations that emerge at the employment stage. Discrimination against women at this stage is one of the most common forms of gender inequality. Originality/value Certain gaps in the labour legislation were found. The level of conformity of the current labour-relations-regulating legislation with the policy of equal rights and opportunities for women and men was determined. Recommendations, aimed at changing legal regulations to prevent gender discrimination, were developed, with a view to solving existing gender-related problems in the field of labour.
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Hadley, Robin A. "‘It's most of my life – going to the pub or the group’: the social networks of involuntarily childless older men." Ageing and Society 41, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000837.
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AbstractThe social networks of older people are a significant influence on their health and wellbeing. Adult children are an important element in their parent's network and provide the majority of informal care. The morphology of personal networks alters with age, employment, gender and relationships. Not having children automatically reduces both vertical familial structure and affects the wider formal and informal social links that children can bring. Childless men are missing from gerontological, reproduction, sociological and psychological research. These fields have all mainly focused on family and women. This paper reports on an auto/biographical qualitative study framed by biographical, feminist, gerontological and lifecourse approaches. Data were gathered from semi-structured biographical interviews with 14 self-defined involuntarily childless men aged between 49 and 82 years old. A latent thematic analysis highlighted the complex intersections between childlessness and individual agency, relationships and socio-cultural structures. The impact of major lifecourse events and non-events had significant implications for how childless people perform and view their social and self-identity. I argue that involuntary childlessness affects the social, emotional and relational aspects of men's lived experience across the lifecourse.
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Gavrilyuk, T. V. "Genderproblematics inwestern class analysis: the dynamics oftheoretical approaches." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 24, no. 4 (January 12, 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-26-40.
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The article represents an analytical review of the axiomatics of sociological approaches to class analysis, taking into account gender diferentiation since the 1940s till nowadays. Te problems of primary units selection of the class analysis, conceptual grounds for determining the class position of women and the features of their social status, conditioned by this position, ways of normalizing gender inequality in conventional approaches and criticizing their legitimacy have been considered in the research. It has been found that within the framework of the structural and functional approach of T. Parsons, the class status of the individual is ascetic, the main mechanism for its acquisition and transmission is kinship, while gender inequality is regarded as condition for maintaining the stability of the social system. Te changing structure of employment and women’s emancipation has led to the revision of the conventional approach foundations by problem consideration of families as the primary units of class analysis. Subsequently, the dominant approach of J. Goldthorpe eliminates the gender inequality aspect, linking the class position of the household with the position of the partner who plays a leading role in its economic provision. E.O. Wright’s approach, representing an infuential neo-Marxist alternative model of class analysis, presupposes the existence of an individual actor as the initial element of class analysis. At the same time, the author emphasizes the existence of exploitation relations in the family, as well as the high degree of risk and uncertainty of the social status of a signifcant number of women. Awareness of the role of individualization in social dynamics, changes in the structure of the global economy and the consequences of de-industrialization in the 1990s changed the original axiomatics of class analysis. Te focus of attention has shifed from the disputes about the criteria of class diferentiation to the analysis of real diferences in people’s way of life, generated by social inequality. Modern studies of social inequality take into account the intersection of gender, class, racial and other characteristics of individuals and communities.
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Yarasheva, A. V. "Regional aspects of youth labor employment." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2018-4-45-52.
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The article addresses the issues of youth employment and factors affecting the success of employment. Based on official statistics, unemployment rates are compared by age groups in the federal districts ofRussia. The analysis of the situation inMoscowand in the regions of theFar Eastrevealed the most vulnerable in terms of employment group of the population – from 15 to 29 years. According to the results of their own sociological research carried out in the metropolitan metropolis, there are presented: channels for finding vacancies, reasons that impede the employment of young people, difficulties in communicating directly with employers, and willingness to retrain. The greatest problems in the employment of young people (including graduates of universities and colleges) are the lack of necessary experience and an appropriate level of education. It is revealed that the most effective ways of finding jobs for young people are special sites on the Internet and contacting the city employment service. The structure of young unemployed by level of education in the Russian macro-regions is considered. Comparison of the situation in the regions of the Far East and inMoscowshowed the presence of similar problems, including an oversupply of trained specialists in the professions lawyer, economist, manager. The imbalance between the needs of the labor market and the supply of young labor requires decision-making at the federal and regional levels.
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Grimov, Oleg. "Commissioned educational and scientific works as a freelance activity: socio-economic aspects." Economic Annals-ХХI 186, no. 11-12 (December 28, 2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v186-17.
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Nowadays, a large segment of shadow economy is related to educational and scientific works to order. It is characterized by significant demand. Special types of social and economic entities, their practices and interactions are formed in the structure of this market. However, meaningful characteristics of such employment are virtually unexplored. It can be noted that the place of this employment in the general context of freelance is not sufficiently studied. Its professional structure, its specifics and financial and economic characteristics, as well as social values and attitudes of performers of commissioned works, are not sufficiently studied. This paper is aimed at filling these gaps. The purpose of the paper is a socio-economic analysis of employment in preparing commissioned educational and scientific works. The results of the author’s sociological study (an expert survey of work performers, N = 48), as well as statistical and secondary sociological data are given. Social and economic parameters of preparing commissioned educational and scientific works are considered. An analysis of economic characteristics of commissioned educational and scientific works was carried out; a typology of motivations of this employment is given. The author concludes that preparation of commissioned works has social and economic attractiveness for performers in the general context of informal employment. Mechanisms for professionalization and continuation of this activity are being formed, which has an impact on market and educational institutions.
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Glower, Judith. "Women and Scientific Employment." Science & Technology Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55149.
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In the first section of this paper I present a brief picture, using available data, of the current situation of UK women in scientific education and employment. I then discuss the need for new data and describe some of the initiatives which have been taking place, primarily at the European level, to redress this issue. In the third section, having listed the various arguments which can be found in the literature about why the ‘women and science’ issue matters, I focus particularly on a new development in European Commission thinking: the link with the ‘science and society’ perspective. Finally, I offer some thoughts about the limitations of gathering quantitative data only, arguing that qualitative research into the institutions of science is also required if we are to understand more about the cultural aspects of science that appear to be persistently alienating for girls and women.
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Bobkov, V. N. "Characteristics of Instability of Standard and Non-standard Employment in Contemporary Russia." World of new economy 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-3-128-139.
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Precarious employment is becoming more and more widespread in the world and inRussia. It is the destruction of the traditional standard model of employment, labour and social rights of workers to secure and sustainable employment. This is one of the problematic areas of modern social relations, exacerbated by the industrial revolution 4.0, globalization of global relations in all areas and their use in the interests of national and world capital. In the article, the author characterizes the essence of precarious employment and presents the results of a sociological study of precarious employment in a representative group. It allowed expanding the sociological tools of its study and the use of sociological indicators to identify groups of workers in relation to precarious employment. The author also studied the parameters of the specified representative group, clarified the indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values that identify certain aspects. As a result, the author identified four profiles of contemporary employment inRussia, characterized by increasing signs of precarious employment and gave their comparative characteristics. Further, the author described the differences in socio-demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of workers belonging to different profiles of employment. On this basis, the author justified the need to transform labour, civil and other legislation, which would allow more fully using the advantages of standard and flexible employment for employees of various segments of the Russian labour market, ensuring, at the same time, compliance with their labour and social rights.
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Żulicki, Remigiusz. "The employment of Łódź University tourism and recreation graduates: A sociological analysis." Turyzm/Tourism 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.27.1.16.
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This article is focused on selected aspects of the economic ‘fate’ of Tourism and Recreation graduates of the University of Łódź (UŁ). Its aim is to seek answers to the question: ‘What determines graduate employment?’ Surveys conducted by the Career Office of University of Łódź among graduates one year after graduation in 2014, 2015 and 2016 are the empirical basis. Tourism and Recreation graduates were compared with others from the Faculty of Geographical Sciences UŁ. The logistic regression technique was used to predict the status of graduate employment based on independent variables. The strongest predictors of graduate employment were structural and institutional characteristics. The quantitative results were interpreted in the context of the modern role of universities.
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Żulicki, Remigiusz. "THE EMPLOYMENT OF ŁÓDŹ UNIVERSITY TOURISM AND RECREATION GRADUATES: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Turyzm 27, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tour-2017-0008.
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Abstract This article is focused on selected aspects of the economic ‘fate’ of Tourism and Recreation graduates of the University of Łódź (UŁ). Its aim is to seek answers to the question: ‘What determines graduate employment?’ Surveys conducted by the Career Office of University of Łódź among graduates one year after graduation in 2014, 2015 and 2016 are the empirical basis. Tourism and Recreation graduates were compared with others from the Faculty of Geographical Sciences UŁ. The logistic regression technique was used to predict the status of graduate employment based on independent variables. The strongest predictors of graduate employment were structural and institutional characteristics. The quantitative results were interpreted in the context of the modern role of universities.
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Tóth, Olga, and Péter Róbert. "Sociological and Historical Aspects of Entry into Marriage." Journal of Family History 19, no. 4 (September 1994): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909401900403.
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This study analyses the timing of first entry into marriage of Hungarian men and women born between 1916 and 1967. Marriages take place at a considerably earlier age than the West European average, and at the same time show significant differences between cohorts. In the course of the analysis we consider the social and economic circumstances which affect the timing of entry into marriage, and we connect the variables of men and women's educational attainment with their age at marriage. In each cohort we examine the sociological characteristics of those who marry significantly earlier or later than the average for their generation, i.e. than the “normal” age.
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Davia, María A., and Nuria Legazpe. "Decisiones laborales de las mujeres casadas o cohabitantes en España." Studies of Applied Economics 30, no. 3 (June 7, 2020): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v30i3.3618.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of employment decisions (entry and exit from employment) of married or cohabiting women in Spain. We use the Fertility, Family and Values Survey of 2006, conducted by the Sociological Research Centre in 2006. The econometric technique deployed consists in different discrete-time duration models using Meyer’s application (Meyer, 1990) to Prentice-Gloeckler model (1978) that enables control for unobserved heterogeneity. The results show, among other things, that highly educated women and women from more recent cohorts are more likely to (re-)enter the labour market after marriage. Mothers of small children are more likely to exit employment than non-mothers.
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Bazaz, Rabiya Yaseen, and Mohammad Akram. "Exploring Gender and Caste Intersectionality among Muslims: A Sociological Study." Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.2.190.210.
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Aim Caste studies conducted among Muslims in India generally focus on establishing the existence of caste system among Muslims but they seldom talk about different types of oppression and inequalities faced byMuslim women.This empirical study exploreshow gender and caste identities and their mutual intersectionality impact education,occupation and income choices and actual attainments of Muslim women. Methods This study is part of a larger study conducted among Muslims of Kashmir in India.Primary datawas collected from 704 eligible respondents (Male=392, Female=312) using mixed methods. Three layers of ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groups existing in the research area are identified and gender situation within these groups are comparatively examined. Results Each of the ‘caste like’ and ‘caste’ groupshas patriarchal caste capital.Higher professions within the government and private services are largely acquired by upper caste male Muslims or other male and female Muslims having rich cultural and social capital. There is preponderance of lower caste male Muslims in low income self-employment but lower caste Muslim females seldom find say in family based business and compelled to join low paid private jobs. More than fifty percent educated Muslim females are unemployed. Conclusion Although patriarchy is the general rule here, not all women face discrimination and inequality in the same way. Upper caste Muslim women often witness so called benevolent restriction of choices whereas lower caste women are the most excluded and marginalised section of the society who face double discrimination due to patriarchy and interwoven caste positions which severely impacts their educational as well as employment choices and attainments.
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Jarska, Natalia. "Women’s Work and Men." Aspasia 15, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2021.150106.
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Through the use of selected contemporary sociological research and prolific collections of largely unpublished memoirs, this article analyzes men’s attitudes toward the paid employment of women—particularly married women—in post-Stalinist Poland. The personal narratives reveal an increasing acceptance of women’s work outside the household over time and across generations. A significant shift in Polish men’s attitudes to a greater acceptance of women’s paid employment took place in the younger generation, born in the 1930s and 1940s and socialized after World War II. However, hostile attitudes of working-class men toward working women persisted, based on a continuing aspiration to uphold the male breadwinner family model.
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Альбрехт, О., O. Albrecht, А. Тараданов, and A. Taradanov. "CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF FAMILY WELL-BEING IN MONOTOWNS: INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-3-16-27.
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The article features a sociological research of family well-being in singleindustry urban environment. It contains a factorial analysis of family well-being on the basis of genetic research method, defines the conditions and factors of family wellbeing and builds up their rating according to positive and negative influence. The study introduces genetic marks of family well-being adapted for monotown environment and defines the level of family well-being for a monotown. The paper contains types of monotown families according to the level of family well-being (prosperous, fine, urban and problem families) and their shares in the total number of urban households. Besides, the authors describe specific features and history of monotown, as well as the role of city-forming enterprise and its impact on family well-being in different spheres. Monotown families are analyzed from the point of view of employment, education level, and optimum working schedules. Finally, the research features family dynasties and traditions at a city-forming enterprise. The authors also explain the application prospects of the genetic method in sociological family.
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Tanaka, Hiroshi. "Working Women in Japan." Equal Opportunities International 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb010439.
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Japan is perhaps the worst of the top industrialised nations in its treatment of its female labour force. Although some improvements have been made, discrimination still exists in all aspects of employment, particularly in opportunity, reward and recognition. Japanese women feel that the two most important avenues for achieving greater equality are self‐improvement and the realisation of changes in societal attitudes, whereas changes in the law are not felt to be so important. Recent trends in employment status, employment by industry and occupation and part‐time work as well as age and educational background as regards working women in Japan are examined. Legislation is briefly described. Understanding the situation in different countries is a prerequisite for gaining the broader perspective necessary for the achievement of universal equity and mutual global prosperity.
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Krasnov, Mikhail, and Natalia Skobelina. "Economic Practices of a Rural Lifestyle in Russia and Colombia: A Sociological Analysis." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.3.6.
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The article analyzes the lifestyle activities of the rural population of Russia and Colombia in the economic sphere. The possibility of comparing data for both countries, provided by similar methods of statistical observations adopted by the statistical agencies of both countries, and the unified principles of organizing a sociological study conducted by the authors, is shown. The features of rural economic and economic practices identified through indicators of the labor market and employment are revealed. In Russia, these are the dominance of wage employment to the detriment of entrepreneurship, the high proportion of informal self-employment, in which agricultural activity predominates (with its systemic reduction in the official labor market), the growth of pendulum labor migration to cities. In Colombia, there are a steady dominance of agricultural activity in the field of rural employment, a high proportion of laborers and small non-agricultural businesses, usually informal, high employment of women in the household, and an increase in permanent labor migration to cities. It has been established that the main motivational factors of rural lifestyle practices are determined by living conditions and are the same in Russia and Colombia; are objective and rational. These include, first of all, the location of the village: proximity to the city everywhere promotes a plurality of labor strategies; changes in welfare and employment structure: abandonment of agricultural activities, job loss, low incomes stimulate self-employment, entrepreneurial activity and labor migration (pendulum and permanent) to cities. Rational, objectively conditioned motives lead to the emergence of essentially identical lifestyle practices, which may differ in forms and frequency of manifestation, reflecting national specificity. It is shown that a change in the external socio-economic environment causes a similar rational socio-behavioral reaction in rural society, regardless of national characteristics.
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Dias, Felipe A. "The Racial Gap in Employment and Layoffs during COVID-19 in the United States: A Visualization." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312098839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120988397.
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A large body of sociological research has shown that racial minorities and women experience significant disadvantages in the labor market. In this visualization, the author presents evidence from the Current Population Survey examining the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis on racial and gender inequalities in employment in the United States among prime-age workers. The author shows that the white-nonwhite gap in employment increased significantly during the post-outbreak period. Results from individual fixed-effects regression models show a strong white male advantage in the likelihood of being laid off for post-outbreak months compared with women, black men, Hispanic men, and Asian men.
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Tewari, Shweta, Rajshree Chouhan, and Sanjeev. "GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 9 (February 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i9.2017.98.
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Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.
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Zvaigzne, Anda, Inese Saulāja, and Aija Čerpinska. "COMPETITIVENESS OF WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN LATGALE." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 6 (October 21, 2014): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2014vol1.6.1174.
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Competitiveness in the labour market is a range of various factors that assist an employee in getting or retaining a job, while an employer can attract and maintain a labour force adequate to meet the employer’s needs. The research aim is to examine the competitiveness of women in the labour market in Latvia and to develop proposals for its improvement. The present research deals with employment trends, especially focusing on statistical data on women. The research also examines statistical data on job vacancies, unemployment, wages, and other related data. To identify the factors influencing women’s competitiveness, 214 women were surveyed in Latgale region. According to the survey, there are several factors influencing women’s competitiveness in the labour market. Education, length of service, and experience are the most significant factors. The longer women’s unemployment period is, the more these women require support to restart their employment and to be competitive in the labour market. Research methods employed: the monographic method, the descriptive method, analysis and synthesis, the graphic method, document analysis, statistical analysis, and a sociological method – a survey. The survey results were processed using the tools of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel
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Ревазян, К. З., А. Н. Мешков, А. И. Ершова, А. М. Глечян, О. В. Сивакова, Н. А. Войнова, А. К. Волков, and О. М. Драпкина. "Sociological aspects of genetic carrier screening for autosomal recessive disorders." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika», no. 10(219) (October 30, 2020): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2020.10.86-88.
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Генетический скрининг на носительство вариантов, вызывающих развитие аутосомно-рецессивных заболеваний является важным звеном профилактики наследственных заболеваний на этапе планирования семьи. Пациентам поликлиники НОМТЦ МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана в возрасте 18-49 лет (женщины) и от 18 лет (мужчины) было предложено ознакомиться с брошюрой о генетическом скрининге на носительство вариантов, вызывающих развитие аутосомно-рецессивных заболеваний и заполнить анонимный опросник для выявления отношения к скринингу. Анкетирование продемонстрировало положительное отношение участников к проведению генетического скрининга, так как 73% опрошенных изъявили желание пройти скрининг, но у 46% были опасения касательно его возможных негативных последствий. При дальнейшем внедрении генетического скрининга на носительство вариантов, вызывающих развитие аутосомно-рецессивных заболеваний, в систему здравоохранения важно организовать просветительскую работу, информирующую население о роли скрининга и для устранения нежелательных последствий. Genetic carrier screening for autosomal-recessive disorders is an important part of hereditary diseases prevention at the stage of family planning. Patients of the Bauman clinic (18-49 years old women and men older 18 years) were asked to read a brochure about carrier screening for autosomal-recessive disorders and fill out an anonymous questionnaire to identify their attitudes towards screening. The questionnaire showed a positive attitude of the participants towards genetic screening, as 73% of respondents expressed a desire to undergo screening, but 46% had concerns about its possible negative consequences. With the further implementation of carrier screening by the healthcare system, it is important to organize educational work that will inform the population about the role of screening and for eliminating undesirable consequences.
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Hassan, Riaz, and Joan Carr. "Changing Patterns of Suicide in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062139.
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This paper examines the suicide trends in Australia from a sociological perspective using a selected number of sociological variables. Our aim is not to minimize the importance of psychogenic factors in suicide but to highlight its sociological aspects. The analysis of suicide trends shows that the overall suicide rate in Australia has remained fairly stable over the past one hundred years. This outward stability, however, camouflages some important internal changes in the suicide trends in Australian society. The paper examines some of these trends and provides a profile of some of the possible sociological factors which appear to have influenced the suicide rates of men and women in Australian society between 1880 and 1985.
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Leshchenko, O. Ya, E. V. Genich, M. A. Darenskaya, and L. I. Kolesnikova. "HIV and infertility: neuro-endocrine and metabolic aspects." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-4-73-80.
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Objective: to establish a correlation of the main neuroendocrine and metabolic parameters associated with infertility and to provide a prognostic assessment of reproductive disorders in HIV-infected women, stages 4.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical and sociological study of fertility of 83 women of reproductive age with HIV, stages 4.Results. The most significant indicators of lipid peroxidation and neuroendocrine regulation systems have been established in patients with HIV infection and reproductive disorders, which will make it possible to predict these disorders in the future. Decreased ovarian reserve, ovarian steroid function, increased pituitary prolactinergic function are associated with a deficiency of a number of antioxidants (retinol, tocopherol, superoxide dismutase) and the development of oxidative stress with a predominant accumulation of intermediate lipid peroxidation products in HIV-infected women with infertility.Conclusion. The pathogenetically substantiated principle of the correction of antioxidant status is the use of a-tocopherol and retinol preparations and the correction of hormonal levels in HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders.
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Milekhin, A. V., A. V. Gizatullina, K. A. Aramyan, and A. V. Mironov. "Social diagnostics of problems in the field of labor relations of mothers with preschool children." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 5 (July 6, 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-5-201-206.
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The purpose of the research paper is to identify the problems that arise in mothers with preschool children in the field of labor relations, based on the data of an empirical sociological study conducted among representatives of this socio-demographic group. Women with preschool children have problems both at the stage of employment and dismissal, and in the process of conducting labor activity. In addition, it was found that the main problems relate not only the labor sphere and are associated with restrictions in connection with the need to combine employment and family responsibilities for raising and caring for children. Russian women who are engaged in labor activity and have children of preschool age assess the level of effectiveness of the social policy implemented in Russia as insufficient.
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Nikolaevich Bobkov, Vyacheslav, Yuri Gennadievich Odegov, and Valentina Vasilievna Pavlova. "Precarious Employment in Present-Day Russia: Relevant Worker Profiles." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24325.
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This paper provides a characterization of the essence of precarious employment. The author describes some of the key stages in the transformation of the employment sector. The paper shares the findings from a sociological study into precarious employment in a representative group. The author has explored some of the key parameters for the group and has fine-tuned a set of indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values which identify particular aspects of precarious employment (Note 1), namely with a focus on: assessments of the level of being protected by the employment contract (employee evaluations of the terms and conditions of the employment contract and assessments of the extent to which the employer abides by them; assessments of the likelihood of being laid off; assessments of one’s willingness to look for another job and the reasons behind it); assessments of the accessibility of mechanisms of social protection for employees; self-assessments of material well-being; work conditions (e.g., length of the work week, half-time work, and availability and duration of work in an additional place); etc. The author has identified a total of 5 profiles for present-day employment in Russia, which are characterized by an increase in signs of precarious employment, and provides a comparative characterization thereof.
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Sitorus, Iwan Romadhan, and Yusmita Yusmita. "THE AGE OF MARRIAGE ON INTERDISIPLINARY ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVES." Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 7, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i1.3137.
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Law Number 16 Year 2019 in article 7 provides an age limit for each person who will marry at the age of 19 years for men- and 19 years for women. The age limit given by the law does not look comprehensively in biological, sociological readiness, and so on. The modified law should be able to realize the benefit of the husband and wife in fostering the household. Determination of marriage age aims to protect offspring, create a family that is sawah mawaddah wa rahmah, maintain lineage, maintain family relationships, maintain diversity in the family, and prepare for maturity in the economy by paying attention to various aspects, both aspects, psychological, sociological, biological and certainly religious aspects. so that it can create a family in accordance with the marriage ceremony
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Song, Zhi Jie, and Guo Hong Wang. "A Quantification Study on Advanced Manufacturing Technology’s Social Influence Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.198.
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AMT investment projects not only improve the business productivity but effects the social aspects such as employment, macro economic and the stable development, and so on. Governments should make reasonable decision considering more from sociological perspective, because of that society benefits is more important than the profits to the business. This paper will construct the social assessment frame to the AMT project and use fuzzy evaluation to quantification the assessment result. Taking an enterprise from China as the empirical example tests this method, and verifies the project’s feasibility.
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Kh., Pidlisetska, and Hnat H. "ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF A GENDER-SENSITIVE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES." Architectural Studies 2020, no. 2 (November 2020): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/as2020.02.235.
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The article considers aspects of the perception of space from the standpoint of gender, and their impact on the formation of a quality living environment. The results of a sociological study are presented, which indicate the existence of differences in the requirements for the formation of the urban environment of housing and the assessment of its qualities by men and women.
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KOBOZEVA, Darya. "Pensioners in the labor market: a secondary analysis of a sociological research of the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 1(50) (March 31, 2021): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2021-1-50-93-98.
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Modern trends in the field of social and labor relations, and, above all, aspects of pension reform, have significantly affected the position of citizens of late working age in the labor market. Given that the right to work is an inviolable civil right, the desire of many thousands of people to work should be considered as an important aspect of state and demographic policy, and employment policy, and in general — the socio-economic policy of the state. The article presents data reflecting the results of a secondary analysis of the results of a large-scale sociological study of A-RCPOR on the prospects of employment of citizens of retirement age. The study shows the attitude of citizens to work after reaching retirement age and their willingness to continue to perform their work duties.
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Grimshaw, Damian, Jo Cartwright, Arjan Keizer, and Jill Rubery. "Market Exposure and the Labour Process: The Contradictory Dynamics in Managing Subcontracted Services Work." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018759206.
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Marketization of the employment relationship is a key causal factor explaining the adverse impact of subcontracting low-wage services on employment conditions. This article extends existing sociological theory by analysing the market-making and rule-breaking roles of client and subcontractor firms through qualitative data. It finds that client organizations construct different types and temporalities of marketized cost pressures, that clients and subcontractors exploit their power advantage over labour to evade institutional rules and that labour process and reputational concerns impose a degree of moderation towards socially desirable outcomes. The theoretical framework ‘unpacks’ marketization by distinguishing the interplay between contracts, regulation and labour process requirements as shaped by clients and subcontractors. In the UK cleaning sector, the potentially positive effects of client and subcontractor actions on employment conditions are marginal, focused on non-pay aspects and introduced primarily for reputational reasons. The evidence indicates the limits of voluntary action and the need for regulation.
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Curran, James. "Rethinking Economic Structure: Exploring the Role of the Small Firm and Self-Employment in the British Economy." Work, Employment and Society 4, no. 5 (May 1990): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017090004005007.
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Dominant sociological interpretations of the economic structures of industrial societies have long neglected the role of small scale economic activities. However, current rethinking, stimulated by attempts to explain economic restructuring in the 1980s, appears to offer petty capitalism and self-employment a more important role in the economy. Several versions of economic restructuring theory are examined critically and argued to continue to offer an inadequate account of the role of small scale enterprise in the economy and especially of the social reality of small scale enterprise ownership, organisational patterns and employment. Conceptual and theoretical issues relevant to a more direct focus on small scale economic activities are explored together with a review of studies of a wide range of aspects of such activities. The paper ends by arguing for the continuing importance of small scale economic activities in industrial societies and the need for analyses of economic restructuring and, more fundamentally economic sociology generally, to incorporate a proper recognition of small scale economic activities and self-employment.
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Sharpe, Gilly. "Sociological stalking? Methods, ethics and power in longitudinal criminological research." Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, no. 3 (September 14, 2016): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816669214.
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Scholarship on criminal careers and desistance from crime employing longitudinal methodologies has paid scant attention to sociological and anthropological debates regarding epistemology, reflexivity and researcher positionality. This is surprising in light of a recent phenomenological turn in desistance research wherein (former) lawbreakers’ identity, reflexivity and self-understanding have become central preoccupations. In this article I interrogate aspects of the methodological ‘underside’ of qualitative longitudinal research with criminalized women through an examination of the surveillant position of the researcher. Focusing on methods, ethics and power, I examine some contradictions of feminist concerns to ‘give women voice’ in research involving re-tracing an over-surveilled and highly stigmatized population. I reflect on the effects of researcher positionality through a conceptualization of re-tracing methods as, at worst, a form of sociological stalking.
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Ivanov, Viktor Yu. "The work and health of adolescents: the gender aspects." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 8 (October 28, 2019): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-8-754-759.
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The purpose of the research is to study the gender aspects of the employment of adolescents, working in the time free from their study, and its impact on the livestyle and health, to assess the risks to health of students. There was studied the employment of senior pupils and students of vocational schools (1.2 thousand persons at the age from 14 till 18 years) in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. The results indicate to a prevalence of illegal employment of the minors. Among young men 62% work part time, among young women - 37%. Violations of hygienic requirements for working conditions and labor law violations are more common in young men employment. The first experience of work can render negative impact on the lifestyle and the state of health. In the working adolescents there is observed the higher prevalence of the behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol, drugs, sleep deprivation and others). Adolescents with work experience have lower health status. The analysis of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), etiological fraction (EF) showed that to the higher health risk there are exposed teenagers working constantly throughout the year. In this group among girls there is a high prevalence of chronic diseases (RR = 2; OR = 3.9), of complaints of indigestion (RR = 2; OR = 2.5). In the group of young men, working continuously, the percentage of frequently ill with acute respiratory infections is higher (RR = 3.3; OR = 3.7), there is a higher number of complaints of heartburn (RR = 2.1; OR = 2.6), back pain (RR = 1.8; OR = 2.2). Working young men have higher health risk by comparison with working young women.
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Portes, Alejandro. "The Social Origins of the Cuban Enclave Economy of Miami." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 4 (October 1987): 340–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389209.
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Recent field work on the origins of the Cuban ethnic economy in South Florida is reviewed in the context of competing theories of minority entrepreneurship. Sociological theories that emphasize contextual characteristics internal to the group itself appear to fit best the empirical evidence. They do not clarify, however, the dynamic aspects of the process—that is, the actual steps through which individual and family business goals become implemented. A typology of minority enterprise on the basis of background characteristics of its founders is developed. Implications of the Miami experience for theory and policies aimed at promoting self-employment among minorities are discussed.
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Mokrousova, Daria I., and Maria A. Pokusaenko. "Gender-Specific Aspects of Precariat." Journal of Economic Regulation 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2020.11.4.132-144.
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One of the most vulnerable groups presented in precariat in addition to graduate students are women. Thanks to the importance of their social role as mother women are forced to enter into non-stable, short- term employment relationships with lower remuneration and lower level of career opportunities than man have. Relevance of this problem is often demonstrated in Mass media, in research and discussions of such important global institutions as World Bank, International Labor Organization, The World Economic Forum. These organizations also provide us with important statistical data about gender discrimination around the world including preparation of annual reports such as Women, Business and The Law and also the preparation of indexes of gender equality. This data enables to evaluate the level of gender equality in the labor market around the world and estimate the peculiarities of different countries in sphere of legislative regulation of gender discrimination. The analysis of these laws and other limitations will help us to identify main obstacles that prevent women to work at the same jobs and the same positions as men do and as a consequence to influence women’s choice in favour of unstable or precarious job positions.
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Mokrousova, Daria I., and Maria A. Pokusaenko. "Gender-Specific Aspects of Precariat." Journal of Economic Regulation 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2020.11.4.132-144.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most vulnerable groups presented in precariat in addition to graduate students are women. Thanks to the importance of their social role as mother women are forced to enter into non-stable, short- term employment relationships with lower remuneration and lower level of career opportunities than man have. Relevance of this problem is often demonstrated in Mass media, in research and discussions of such important global institutions as World Bank, International Labor Organization, The World Economic Forum. These organizations also provide us with important statistical data about gender discrimination around the world including preparation of annual reports such as Women, Business and The Law and also the preparation of indexes of gender equality. This data enables to evaluate the level of gender equality in the labor market around the world and estimate the peculiarities of different countries in sphere of legislative regulation of gender discrimination. The analysis of these laws and other limitations will help us to identify main obstacles that prevent women to work at the same jobs and the same positions as men do and as a consequence to influence women’s choice in favour of unstable or precarious job positions.
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Nasreen, Shagufta, and Nasreen Aslam Shah. "Economic Globalization And Women’s Employment: Study Of Industrial Sector Of Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2011): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v5i1.392.
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Globalization is a term which has different meanings for different people and the reason is its multidimensional connection with economic, political, social, cultural, environmental and many other aspects shaping the lives of people around the world. Although it has vast meaning but one of its important aspects is economic this has appeared to be the major factor of influence for its other dimensions as well. This study explores the impacts of these policies on women working in industrial sector of Karachi. The impacts are not on employment but their health, safety, working conditions and decision making. It shows that formal jobs for women was already low and informal, contract based jobs are increasing. In some sectors more women are hired because of their perceived docile, tolerant and satisfied with substandard wages. Majority of women are hired in garments. Analysis of secondary data from the year 1990-2009 shows that the perceived idea of growth, increase in employment and development was not successful. Economic globalization in the form of economic policies of trade liberalization, privatization and fiscal austerity could not improve the macroeconomic indicators of Pakistan thereby increasing burden on poor, salaried class and women.
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Listyaningrum, Tri Hapsari. "Implementasi permenkes 88 tahun 2014 di pukesmas daerah istimewa yogyakarta (DIY)." Journal of Health Studies 3, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhes.793.
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The provisions of Minister of Health Regulation 88 of 2014 concerning blood tablet supplementary standards for women of childbearing age and pregnant women. The research objective was to determine the implementation of legal products in the community about giving fe tablets to pregnant women in DIY. The research method is juridical sociological, analytic descriptive specifications. The population is 121 health centers in DIY with a purposive sample of 9 health centers, research subjects in the KIA midwife. The results of fe tablet SOP in 4 Puskesmas are Nanggulan, Gamping 2, Sleman and Ngaglik 1. Aspects of failure: packaging of Fe tablets is easily damaged, social, economic and public awareness is lacking. Aspects of success: nutritional counseling, integrated ANC, pregnant women class, husband, in-laws.
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Edwards, Linda N. "Equal Employment Opportunity in Japan: A View from the West." ILR Review 41, no. 2 (January 1988): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804100206.
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The Japanese Equal Employment Opportunity Law of 1985, effective in April 1986, prohibits gender discrimination with respect to recruitment, hiring, promotion, training, and job assignment. The author describes the law and assesses its probable impact on the economic opportunities of Japanese women. She argues that two aspects of Japan's socioeconomic environment—the lifetime employment system used by large Japanese private firms, and the labor supply pattern of Japanese women—make it unlikely that the law will have a large impact on the economic status of women in Japan.
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Crompton, Rosemary, and Fiona Harris. "Gender Relations and Employment: The Impact of Occupation." Work, Employment and Society 12, no. 2 (June 1998): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017098122005.
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This paper investigates aspects of the changes brought about by women's continuing entry into paid employment, particularly in higher-level occupations. We will argue that, despite recent criticisms, the occupational structure still remains a useful framework through which to examine processes of social change. We will demonstrate our arguments by drawing on biographical interviews carried out with women doctors and bankers in four different countries. This evidence suggests that there are systematic differences in family building, and in the domestic division of labour, between women in these two occupations. These differences relate to the characteristics of `professional', as compared to `managerial', occupations. Finally, we discuss the wider implications of our findings.
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Ginn, Jay, and Sara Arber. "Gender, Age and Attitudes to Retirement in Mid-Life." Ageing and Society 16, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00003123.
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ABSTRACTBritish research on exit from the labour market has been mainly concerned with men, but US research shows retirement for women is equally salient. Gender differences in attitudes to employment and reasons for early exit are relevant to employment and pension policy.In this paper, we use data from the Social Change and Economic Life Initiative survey to examine gender differences in attitudes to employment among over 2,500 British women and men aged 40 to 59. A key concern was to discover whether the decline in mid-life women's employment through their fifties could be explained by a change in attitudes with age, or was more likely to be due to age-related barriers in the labour market.Analysis shows that among mid-life people who were not employed, financial considerations were the predominant influence on men's job-seeking whereas for women psychosocial aspects of having a job were also important. Mid-life women showed no decline in their motivation towards employment with age, indicating that women's early exit cannot be explained by reduced desire for employment with age. However, there was evidence of perceived age barriers to employment or promotion which were likely to have affected behaviour and attitudes.
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Tonkikh, Natalia. "Distance employment and parenthood: women's opinions." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.8.
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The article examines the relationship between two processes: development of distance employment and changes in women's parenting and reproductive behavior. The hypothesis of social effectiveness of the distance format of paid work for women was tested. It was hypothesized that the distance format allows women to perform parenting and social functions more successfully, that the opportunity to work remotely might influence a woman's positive decision to have more children. The empirical basis was formed on the data from a survey of Russian women of fertile age, conducted in May-June 2019. The sample is quota-based, including control by settlement types (megalopolis, city, village), and all Federal Districts of Russia are covered. The article contains descriptive statistics structurally describing the obtained results. A high level of women's readiness to work remotely was revealed. The motivation to telecommuting was higher among respondents who had similar work experience, as well as among women in younger age groups and living in megalopolises. Women's subjective perceptions of the qualitative changes that can occur in connection with the possibility of working remotely are summarized. On the whole, positive effects on parenting and social aspects of women's lives are found to prevail: more time will be available for child development and education; the frequency of visits to cultural and entertainment events with children will increase; the quality of home meals and everyday life will improve. The descriptive evidence confirms the relationship between telecommuting and women's reproductive behavior. The availability of telecommuting can be considered within the system of factors stimulating fertility.
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Akhmaeva, L. G., and A. I. Eremeeva. "Aspects of choosing by applicants a secondary special or higher education institution." Digital Sociology 3, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-347x-2020-1-27-32.
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A brief overview of the modern system of secondary special and higher education in the Russian Federation has been given. The problem of competitiveness of educational institutions in the Russian Federation and the world in General has been raised. Statistical data conducted at the end of 2019 questionnaires among the students of the Department of Advertising and Public Relations the State University of Management (Moscow) and students of the Faculty of Advertising and Internet Communications, the International College of Arts and Communications (Moscow).The influence of several factors on the choice by learners of studying educational institutions has been explored, key factors for choice has been highlighted. The opinions of students in terms of the applicability of disciplines in their future profession, assessment of students of the faculty of the institution, the relevance of the cost of education quality and prospects for future employment in the profession after graduation have been analysed.According to the results of the survey, answers were given to such questions as: how do applicants themselves choose an educational program – their future profession? How do they perceive the educational service provided to them by the educational institution? How do applicants who have already become students evaluate their choice of educational institution, the quality of educational service and prospects for their future employment? What is necessary for the formation of demand for educational service?Based on the conducted sociological research, conclusions regarding the choice of educational institution by applicants have been made. The authors’ recommendations to educational institutions to attract applicants and increase their competitiveness in the market of educational services are given.
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Valero-Garcés, Carmen. "Aproximaciones desde la ética en la interpretación en casos de violencia de género." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 62, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.1.04val.
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A 2011 Gender Violence Macrosurvey carried out by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS, Spanish Centre for Sociological Research) in collaboration with the Spanish Government alerts The Macro on Gender Violence conducted by the Sociological Research Centre (CIS) gives significant figures on gender-based violence (GBV) suffered by foreign women in Spain. Based on the specificity of care for foreign women in issues of gender based violence (GBV) and taking as its starting point previous investigations by FITISPOs, the recommendations and work carried out within the European project SOS VICS and my own experience, the main aim of this article is twofold: first, to draw attention to qualitative aspects of the interactions between service providers, interpreters and foreign victims of gender based violence ( GBV), and secondly, to, investigate what happens when some ethical dilemmas come up between the different professionals that take care of GBV.
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Longoria, Claudia. "WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN DEVELOPING, DEVELOPED AND TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES – DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES." JWEE, no. 3-4 (December 17, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee18.34.pp73-82.
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Entrepreneurshipis viewed as an opportunity to drive growth and to help employment in many countries. However, women venturing to establish their own firm depend on socio-cultural conditions and of societal encouragement. This article showed that women entrepreneurs in transition, developing and developed economies have many similarities, but they differ in many aspects such as in their motivation to become an entrepreneur and the problems solving skills.
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Beecham, David. "An Exploration of the Role of Employment as a Coping Resource for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Abuse." Violence and Victims 29, no. 4 (2014): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00086.
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There has been a growing interest amongst researchers and practitioners regarding the various coping strategies adopted by women experiencing intimate partner abuse (IPA). These studies have tended to adopt and adapt the stress-coping model developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and thus make the distinction between emotion and problem-solving coping strategies and the resources available for women to cope. Even though, contemporary coping scholars acknowledge the role of employment and coping, it is still unclear as to how employment facilitates women’s coping strategies. Drawing on findings from a qualitative study, this article explores how employment and workplace environments provide survivors of IPA with resources that allow them to cope with the abuse. By incorporating theoretical insights developed in the field of organizational studies, namely boundary work and organizational identities, these findings develop our understanding of the role of employment in survivors’ coping strategies. Finally, the findings demonstrate the valuable contribution of interdisciplinarity in furthering our knowledge of coping strategies and the positive aspects of employment for survivors of IPA.
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Сидельникова, Ксения, Kseniya Sidelnikova, Анна Иволга, Anna Ivolga, Яна Карнаухова, and Yana Karnaukhova. "DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF RURAL TOURISM: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 7 (November 7, 2016): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21833.
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The contemporary relevance of ensuring sustainable rural development stems from the growing economic and social backwardness of rural territories on the one hand, and their ultimate importance for the state in the context of food security, preservation of soil and environmental resources, and the use of agricultural, production and labour potentials on the other hand. One of the key conditions for sustainable rural development is population strength- ening in rural areas and its sufficient employment. The article analyzes the current demographic problems of rural development, based on the example of Stavropol region. The authors describe threats to sustainable rural development such as unemployment and depopulation, as well as substantiate the practicality of diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of tourism and other alternative activities.
The research is performed on the base of actual materials and the results of studies related to the rural tourism development, and also using the authors´ observations. The authors have used monographic, sociological, economicstatistical methods of research, the systematic approach and comprehensive analysis.
Rural tourism today should be seen as an important development direction of entrepreneurship and diversification in rural areas, as one of the important areas of sustainable development, and as a form and the chance of economic, social and cultural revitalization of rural areas as a whole. This makes the study of essence and prospects of this business direction development of high priority.
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Nizova, Lyudmila M., and M. I. Danilova. "Professional rehabilitation as aspect integration of disabled people in society (on example of the Republic of Mari El)." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 19, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9537-2016-19-3-153-158.
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In the article there is reflected the complex of the most important andfundamental problems ofintegration ofpersons with disabilities into society in two ways: in the theoretical and methodological and analytical-sociological. There are considered institutional aspects of the vocational rehabilitation atfour levels: international, national, regional and local. The study of the views ofdomestic researchers in theoretical and methodological terms has shown problems of the employment ofpersons with disabilities at the regional level to be insufficiently studied up until now. In this connection there were investigated main directions of vocational rehabilitation and integration of disabled people into society thanks to efforts of the Government of the Mari El Republic, Main Bureau of Social and Medical and Expertise of the Republic of Mari El of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, Department of Labor and Employment ofpopulation of the Republic of Mari El. There is given an estimation of the management and vocational rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the competitive mesoeconomic labour market. On the basis of monitoring and sociological research of two categories of respondents there were identified priorities, issues andfactors, determined the employment of the disabled persons as a specific population group. The dynamics of active forms of the employment and ranging opinions of respondents allowed to prove the positive role of vocational rehabilitation to expedite the integration processes of disabled persons in society: decline in the number of cases of disability among working age persons surveyedfirstly, reducing the percentage of the gain in the severity ofdisability, the increase in the proportion of the complete rehabilitation among the adult population, the decline in the proportion ofpersons with disabilities among the unemployed people owing to such forms as the organization of specialized job fairs, quotas and creation of work places, referral of disabled persons about self employment. Nevertheless, bearing in mind the persistence of revealed problems, there are proposed author measures on the improvement of the efficacy of the impact of vocational rehabilitation ofpersons with disabilities to accelerate their integration into society, taking into account vectorness, including governing bodies, employers and people with disabilities.
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Al-Ismail, Saham, Fiona Carmichael, and Joanne Duberley. "Female employment in hotels in Saudi Arabia and UAE." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 7 (September 26, 2019): 554–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-11-2017-0151.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore barriers to employment, problems caused by working, motivation to work and job satisfaction of women employed in hotels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach The study surveyed 385 women working in 75 hotels in KSA and UAE. The sample included citizens of KSA and UAE (n = 177), Arab and non-Arab expatriates (n = 208) and women with and without caring responsibilities for children or adults. The survey responses were analysed by stratifying the sample, using mean-comparison tests to consider sub-sample differences and regression analysis to quantify associations with job satisfaction. Findings Women in the sample with childcare or other caring responsibilities were more likely to report work-family conflicts which were in turn linked negatively to job satisfaction. These women were also the most positive about flexible employment practices. Nationals and expatriate Arabs reported higher levels of satisfaction with managerial aspects of their work. However, nationals in KSA recorded lower levels of job satisfaction in relation to pay and conditions and also said that low salaries were a barrier to taking up employment in the first place. Negative social attitudes towards women working in hotels were a particular concern for nationals and expatriate Arab women. Research limitations/implications The sample is not representative of all females working in hotels in UAE and KSA, and the results cannot be generalised. However, implications include the need to examine the experiences of self-initiated expatriate women and consider women as part of a family system. Originality/value The analysis is based on original data collected through fieldwork. The findings generate new insights on the experiences of women working in hotels in KSA and UAE.
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Zadorin, A. V. "Employment structure and the level of education of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 93, no. 4 (2020): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2020-93-4-227-235.
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On the basis of statistical data and materials of sociological survey, the structure of employment and the level of education of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory were determined in the article. Incompleteness of information about the total number of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory led to the choice of research of intelligence type. 106 people aged 18 to 65 years were interviewed, of which 58 were men (54.7%) and 48 women (45.3%). Of the total number of respondents, 28.3% were students of the Siberian federal university (SFU). Non-random (spontaneous) types of selection were used. As a result of the study, the professional structure of Kyrgyz migrants in the Krasnoyarsk territory was described. The information about areas of their employment available in the special literature was clarified. Widespread opinion that the majority of Kyrgyz in the Krasnoyarsk territory are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship has not been confirmed. Men are dominated by unskilled workers (38.5% of respondents) and skilled workers (30.8%). Most women are housewives (35.1%), are employed in unskilled work or work as salesmen (24.3% each). In total, 17.1% of Kyrgyz are employed in the field of trade and entrepreneurship. Most immigrants do not work in their specialty, and many were changed not only their profession, but also the area of their employment.
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Darwis, Rizal. "Kontekstualitas Fikih Perempuan di Indonesia." Al-Mizan 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/am.v16i2.1901.
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In reality, women are still considered to be second to men, both from the private and social aspects. This article discusses the contextuality of women in the private and social spheres in Indonesia. This research was studied with a juridical, normative and sociological approach. The results show that the understanding of some people in understanding religion still places religious arguments related to misogynism in positioning men and women in the private and social spheres. Even though in some religious arguments it does not differentiate it. Likewise, in the state guarantee through statutory regulations in Indonesia, the position of citizens is equal before the state, both men and women in the private and public or social spheres.