Journal articles on the topic 'Women, Gusii'

From the early 1940s Gusiiland (Kenya) underwent a series of transformations that pushed bridewealth to unheralded levels. As a result, many young couples could not afford a proper marriage and eloped. Some fathers forced their daughters into marriages with men wealthy enough to give cattle; many of these women ran off instead with more desirable men. In the hundreds of resulting court cases, Gusii debated the relative weight to be given to bridewealth, parental approval and female consent in marriage. Young people did not reject marriage, but fought against senior men who would ignore women's wishes. Gusii court elders usually agreed with fathers and husbands but also believed that female consent did carry some significance.

Transition rituals are prominent practices among African traditional communities. Among the Gusii community of western Kenya the ritual is performed for both boys and girls. The boys are taken through circumcision while girls go through clitoridectomy. The ritual for girls is widely criticized and opposed by among others the Christian Church. The ritual for girls is resisted on several grounds, but it still persists. The question which many have asked is, why this persistence? This paper raises a number of arguments among them being that; in Africa, gender and human sexuality are celebrated through painful rituals. Men and women are made rather than born. In this discussion, I argue that opposition to clitoridectomy is ill informed, because it is the element of the pain that accompanies the ritual that is the reason why the ritual persists. The paper draws equivalents between the Gusii traditional transition ritual with the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, namely that from a theological perspective, the rituals should be perceived constructively as preparatory for Christian evangelization as they point to the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is suggested that the Church should view the rituals constructively instead of opposing them. This situation, among other factors, has over the years rendered ineffective the Church’s efforts at evangelization not only in Gusii community but also in other African communities where this ritual is upheld

Abstract:This article examines the history of rape prosecutions in the African courts of Gusiiland, Kenya, from the 1940s through the first years of independence. Drawing on transcripts from African courts, it demonstrates that Gusii court elders were quite sympathetic to women who lodged rape claims. Elders handed down stiff punishments to rapists, were willing to entertain a wide definition of “indecent assault,” and did not require the extensive evidence of rape so commonly demanded by judges in Western courts (and in British courts in Kenya). Perhaps most surprisingly, men who admitted to having had sex but claimed it had been consensual were forced to prove their claims. This article advances both the historical study of rape in Africa and suggests that we reassess—or at least reserve judgment—on the nature of sexual violence in the non—West.

ABSTRACTBackground: Partial edentulism is the process when single or multiple teeth is missing from the alveolar socket and it may become an indicator for oral health. Partial edentulism can occur since the age of six and the aging factor increases the risk. Partial edentulism can be caused by some factors including: ages, gender, economic level, education level, knowledge level, and the etiology of the tooth loss. Purpose: To describe the distribution of partially edentulous pattern from RSGMP Gusti Hasan Aman’s patients in Banjarmasin. Method: This study was including patients from RSGMP Gusti Hasan Aman between the age of 17-45 years old in Banjarmasin using purposive sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to determined patient knowledge on oral health with Kennedy classification for the partially edentulous pattern. Result: Kennedy Class II was the most frequent edentulous pattern observed on the upper (37%) and the lower jaw (39%). In particular, the adolescent group had the highest percentage (43%) of partial edentulism based on age. Women had the highest percentage (57%) of partial eduntulism based on gender. Respondents with moderate economic status had the highest percentage (35%) of partial edentulism. Respondents that have high school or above education level were the highest percentage (87%) identified with partial edentulous. The most common etiology that identified with partial edentulous was the caries (52%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Kennedy class III is the most confronted partially edentulous pattern among patients at RSGMP Gusti Hasan Aman in Banjarmasin.Keywords: Partially Teeth Loss Pattern, Kennedy, RSGMP Gusti Hasan Aman

ABSTRAKSurvei Kesehatan Nasional 2002 yang menyebutkan bahwa 77% dari ibu hamil yang menderita radang gusi melahirkan bayi secara prematur. Kelainan pada mulut dan gusi sering tidak ditanggapi oleh ibu yang sedang menjalani masa kehamilan. Penyakit radang gusi (gingivitis) sering disebabkan oleh kebiasaan dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut dan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi dan ketepatan cara sikat gigi dengan gingivitis ibu hamil.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik kuantitatif, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi ibu hamil, sample 60, teknik sampel total sampling, uji statistik chi squre, alat uji kuesioner dan checklist. Hasil Penelitian : sebagian besar ibu hamil menyikat gigi dengan frekuensi yang tergolong baik (70,0%), sebagian besar ibu hamil menyikat gigi dengan cara yang tergolong tidak tepat (66,7%), sebagian besar ibu hamil yang mengalami gingivitis sedang (56,7%). Hasil uji statistik diperoleh untuk mengetahui frekuensi sikat gigi dengan gingivitis pada ibu hamil ditunjukkan dengan c2hitung > c2tabel (17,931 > 5,991) atau p = 0,0001< (0,05). Hasil uji statistik diperoleh untuk mengetahui ketepatan cara sikat gigi dengan gingivitis pada ibu hamil ditunjukkan c2hitung > c2tabel (19,151 > 5,991) atau p = 0,0001< (0,05). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara frekuensi dan ketepatan cara sikat gigi dengan gingivitis pada ibu hamil. Saran : Agar ibu lebih peduli dengan kebersihan gigi dan mulutnya, serta segera berkunjung ke petugas kesehataan 6 bulan sekali dan apabila ada keluhan.Kata kunci : frekuensi dan ketepatan sikat gigi, gingivitisRELATIONSHIP FREQUENCY AND PRECISION OF TOOTHBRUSH WITH GINGIVITIS IN PREGNANT MOTHERABSTRACT2 count The 2002 National Health Survey found that 77% of pregnant women with gingivitis gave birth prematurely to babies. Abnormalities of the mouth and gums are often not addressed by mothers who are becoming pregnant. Gingivitis (gingivitis) is often caused by use in the mouth and teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of frequency and accuracy of the way toothbrush with pregnant gingivitis. This research uses quantitative analytic research design, using cross sectional approach. Population of pregnant mother, sample 60, total sampling technique samples, chi squre statistic test, questionnaire test and checklist. Results: Most pregnant women brushed their teeth with a relatively good frequency (70.0%), most pregnant women brushed their teeth in an improperly (66.7%) way, most pregnant women with moderate gingivitis 56, 7%). The statistical test results for toothbrushing with gingivitis in pregnant women were presented with c2counted > c2table (17,931> 5,991) or p = 0.0001 < (0,05). The result of statistical test was obtained to find out the way toothbrush with gingivitis in pregnant mother published c2counted > c2table (19,151 > 5,991) or p = 0.0001 <(0,05). Keywords: toothbrush with gingivitis in pregnant women. Suggestion: In order for mothers to be more concerned with dental hygiene and mouth, and immediately proceed to health officer 6 months and inspiration there are complaints.Keywords: frequency and precision of toothbrush, gingivitis

This reserarch is part of the thesis conducted by I Gusti Ayu Putri Devy Rosiana. This study was conducted to obtain an overview of the effect of individual counseling to improve self-efficacy belief in second trimester primigravid pregnant women at “X” clinic in Bandung city in order to decrease anxiety related to delivery. According to Beck et al (1985, 2005) high anxiety is due to low assessment of individual coping ability in overcoming a threatening situation. According to Bandura (2002) the degree of self-efficacy belief can be enhanced through its sources. Therefore, to improve self-efficacy belief will be done through the acquisition of new understanding of self-efficacy sources. The sample involves 2 primigravid pregnant women in second trimester. The results is individual counseling can improve the degree of self-efficacy belief and decrease anxiety related to delivery. Practical advice is, counselors can provide individual counseling to improve self-efficacy belief in facing delivery for primigravid pregnant women.

Abstract Street vendors (PKL) are included in the activities of the informal sector. Street vendors have the characteristic of buying and selling goods on the roadside or sidewalks. The presence of street vendors in the I Gusti Ngurah Rai Corridor is due to the low number of job opportunities, resulting in competition in finding work. Through this phenomenon, this study aims to study the activities of street vendors in the use of space. This research uses the Univariate (Proportion) analysis method. The results of the research related to the characteristics of street vendors in the corridor were 53% with >15-30 years, dominated by women; high school education level; 87% came from Palu City; 26% trading experience > 5 years and type of family-owned business and 36% income > 500,000-1 million. The activity of street vendors in this corridor is 60% dominated by consumer goods with a linear distribution pattern; 56% Static trading facility type; 50% of trading facilities in the form of containers/kiosks and semi-static service characteristics; 88% of street vendors occupy trading locations on the street and 52% on average 5-8 hours of trading time. The main factor in choosing a street vendor business location is close to consumers.

Gingivitis pubertas merupakan suatu peradangan gusi karena kondisi tertentu yang diklasifikasikan menurut faktor etiologi dan perubahan patologi. Peningkatan ukuran gingiva merupakan tanda adanya kelainan gingiva. Gingivektomi adalah pemotongan jaringan gingiva dengan membuang dinding lateral poket yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan poket dan keradangan gingiva sehingga didapat gingiva yang fisiologis, fungsional dan estetik baik. Pada kasus ini, wanita berusia 16 tahun mengeluhkan keadaan gusi atas dan bawah yang membengkak sejak 1 tahun yang lalu, mudah berdarah dan tidak ada rasa nyeri. Penanganan untuk kasus ini dirancang menggunakan teknik gingivektomi menggunakan pisau periodontal dan gingivoplasty menggunakan electrocautery secara bertahap. Teknik gingivektomi menggunakan kombinasi scalpel dan electrocautery pada perawatan gingivitis pubertas memberikan hasil yang memuaskan secara estetik maupun fungsional pada pasien. ABSTRACT: Gingivectomy Using Scalpel and Electrocautery in Gingival Enlargement Treatment of Puberty Female. Puberty Gingivitis is a gum inflamation due to certain conditions that are classified by etiologic factors and pathological changes. The increase in gingival size is a sign of gingival disorder. Gingivectomy is cutting the gingival tissue by removing the lateral wall of the pocket which aims to eliminate pockets and gingival inflammation thus obtaining physiologically, functionally and aesthetically good gingiva. In this case, 16-year old woman complained of the state of the upper and lower gums which were swollen since the last one year, easily bleeding and no pain. The handling of this case was designed to use the technique of gingivecto by using periodontal knives and gingivoplasty by gradually using electrocautery. Gingivectomy technique with a combination of scalpel and electrocautery in puberty gingivitis treatment gives satisfactory results in aesthetic and functional state in patients.

The role of Muslim women in early childhood education is very urgent in education because women are the first source of knowledge for children. There are many supporting and inhibiting factors for the role of Muslim women executors. This study aims to find the role of female educators in Islam as a dual function that functions as a teacher, parent, and community member. The research method uses qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The findings show the role of Muslim women is not ideal, including the role of women as educators in schools, parents, and education experts. Women's awareness of early childhood education is still very low. Suggestions for future research to dig deeper into the causes of the role of women is still low, and influence government policy in increasing the role of Muslim women or non-Muslim women. Keywords: Role of Muslim Women, Early Childhood Education References: Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., … Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3 Edy, E., Ch, M., Sumantri, M. S., & Yetti, E. (2018). Pengaruh keterlibatan orang-tua dan pola asuh terhadap disiplin anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org///doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.03 Fauzia, S. N. (2017). Perilaku keagamaan Islam pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 11(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.092.07 Frejka, T., Goldscheider, F., & Lappegård, T. (2018). The two-part gender revolution, women’s second shift and changing cohort fertility. Comparative Population Studies, 43, 99–130. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2018-09en Islamiyati, I. (2018). Hubungan kerjasama orang tua dengan perkembangan anak usia dini di kelompok bermain. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009//jpud.121.06 Jamhari, I. R. (2003). Citra Perempuan dalam Islam. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jum’ah, A. (2006). ). Sayyidinā Muhammad Rasulillah ila al-‘Alamin. Cairo: Dār al-Farouk. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2013). Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Khan, M. Z. (2003). Woman in Islam and Her Role in Human Development. In The Muslim World. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1914.tb01384.x/abstract Kohli, R., Lin, Y. C., Ha, N., Jose, A., & Shini, C. (2019). A way of being: Women of color educators and their ongoing commitments to critical consciousness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 82, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.03.005 Mansur. (2009). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Masnipal. (2013). Siap Menjadi Guru dan Pengelola PAUD Professional. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Megawangi, R. (1996). Perkembangan Teori Feminisme Masa Kini dan Mendatang serta Kaitannya dengan Pemikiran Keislaman, dalam Man-sur Fakih, et. al. Membincang Feminisme: Diskur-sus Gender Persfektif Islam. Jakarta: Risalah Gusti. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis. London: Sage Publication. Moeslichatoen. (2004). Metode Pengajaran di Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. Shihab, M. Q. (2001). Tafsîr al-Mishbâh. Jakarta: Lentera Hati. Siregar, N. M. (2018). Peningkatan kecerdasan interpersonal melalui aktivitas fisik anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.10 Sujiono, Y. N. (2012). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: PT Indeks. Sumantri, M., & Syaodih, N. (2006). Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suryana, D. (2014). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan TK. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suyadi. (2011). Pegangan Bimbingan Konseling untuk PAUD. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. Tafsir, A. (n.d.). Pendidikan Agama dalam Keluarga. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Yamin, M., & Sanan, J. S. (2010). Panduan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Jakarta: Gaung Persada (GP) Press. Yusmawati, & Lubis, J. (2019). The Implementation of Curriculum by Using Motion Pattern. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/JPUD.131.14

Pendahuluan: Kehamilan dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada beberapa anggota tubuh, termasuk rongga mulut. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut selama masa kehamilan sangat perlu dijaga, agar ibu hamil terhindar dari peningkatan resiko terjadinya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Upaya ini akan menghindari terjadinya resiko yang menyebabkan prematur dan kelahiran berat bayi lahir rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman karies dan status periodontal ibu hamil agar dapat melakukan perawatan dan pencegahan dini. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik survei. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang dan sedang memeriksakan kehamilannya ke poli KIA Puskesmas Sukajadi Bandung. Pengambilan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 65 ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukajadi Bandung. Pengalaman karies diukur dengan indeks DMFT, status periodontal dengan Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Hasil: Indeks DMF-T ibu hamil sebesar 6,82. Hasil CPI yaitu periodontal sehat 3,08%, perdarahan gusi 1,54%, terdapat kalkulus 26,15%, poket 4–5 mm 63,08%, poket ≥ 6 mm 6%. Simpulan: Pengalaman karies pada ibu hamil termasuk pada kriteria rendah, sedangkan status jaringan periodontal yang paling banyak ditemui pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukajadi yaitu terdapat poket 4-5 mm.Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, indeks CPI, indeks DMFT, Puskesmas. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pregnancy can cause changes in the body, including the oral cavity. Dental and oral health during pregnancy is essential to reduce the risk of caries and periodontal disease. This effort is expected to prevent the risk of premature birth and low birth-weight babies. This study was aimed to determine the caries experience and periodontal status of pregnant women to obtain early treatment and prevention. Methods: Descriptive method using a survey technique was used in this study. The population of this study were all pregnant women who came and checked their pregnancy to the Maternal and Child Health Centre of Sukajadi Community Health Centre Bandung. A total sample of 65 pregnant women at Sukajadi Community Health Centre Bandung was obtained through purposive sampling. The caries experience and periodontal status was measured using the DMFT index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI), respectively. Results: Pregnant women showed DMF-T index of 6.82, the CPI state showed healthy periodontal status with 3.08% of gingival bleeding, 1.54% of calculus, 26.15% of 4-5 mm pocket, and 63.08% of ≥ 6 mm pocket. Conclusion: Caries experience in pregnant women at the Sukajadi Community Health Centre is categorised as low. At the same time, the presence of 4-5 mm pockets is most commonly found in the periodontal status of pregnant women.Keywords: Pregnant women, CPI index, DMFT index, Community Health Centre.

Bedaya Duradasih: A Cultural Expression During the time of Sunan Pakubuwana III-IV in the Surakarta Palace. Bedaya Duradasih is a form of bedaya dance created at the Surakarta Palace. Its creator was Sunan Pakubuwana IV who at that time, still had the title of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom. Sunan Pakubuwana IV was a king who had a very significant artistic spirit, so it cannot be denied that artistic and cultural life was very flourishing during his reign. Bedaya Duradasih was one of the cultural expressions at that time. The created expression was inspired by the mood of being infatuated/falling in love with the Madurese princess. Looking at the words Duradasih and Madura can be connected with several opinions regarding the meaning of the word Duradasih. It is said that Duradasih derived from the words Dura and dasih, which mean a woman from Madura. Then it is also mentioned from the words Dara and dasih, which means girl/virgin who brings happiness. Furthermore, it is interpreted from the words Dora and dasih, which means lying for political interests at that time, which ended up with a love affair. From these descriptions, it can be concluded that Bedaya Duradasih reflects one of the cultural expressions.Keywords: bedaya; Surakarta; expression

Background Acquired hemophilia is a rare condition in which autoantibodies, usually IgG class are produced against factor VIII or IX. Age distribution is bimodal. Although hemophilia is a hereditary disease, approximately 20-30% of patients have no family history of clotting disorders. Case report A 55-year-old lady with major complaints of gums bleeding, bruises on the both of leg and thighs that are varying colour (multiple spontaneus haematomas. No previous history of bleeding and no history of blood clotting disorders in the family. She has diabetes mellitus for 8 years was treated metformin three times a day, and )controlled level of blood glucose. Laboratory findings showed decreased haemoglobin (5,7 mg/dl) with prolonged aPTT 129 s(28 s control) but still got the normal PPT that is 17.2 s (14.4 s control) and normal INR 1,3, factor VIII activity got decrease with result of 1,5% (control 91,1%) but factor IX activity still normal 118,7% (control 108%). The Factor VIII inhibitor was 19.52 Bethesda Unit. After exclusion of other possible pathological condition and on the basis of lab criteria we diagnosed the case as acquired hemophilia A. Discussion The diagnosis of Acqured hemophlia A (AHA) shoud be considered in patient who present with bleeding and prolonged aPPT. The pattern of bleeding in AHA differs from that in congenital hemophilia A. Bleeding tends to occur in soft tissue, muscle, retroperitoneal space, iatrogenic bleeding is also common. The diagnosis is then confirmed by a Bethesda positive assay for F VIII inhibitor titre. Diagnostic test in AHA are clotting factor measurement (isolated low FVIII level) and quantification of the inhibitor titer (presence of inhibitor). Most often the cause is idiopathic in 50% of patient or it can be associated with autoimun disorders, hepatitis and diabetes. Chronic disease or diabetes mellitus makes misrecognition tends to self antigen.1,3 Conclusion A 55-years-old lady with diabetes got symptoms gum bleeding, multiple spontaneuos hematomes and very low in factor VIII activity and presence of factor VIII inhibitor. It is concluded that this patient is diagnosed of acquired hemophilia A. Keywords: Acquired Haemophilia A, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Factor VIII. Multiple haematomes in acquired haemphilia References 1. Ma AD, Carrizosa D. Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitors: Pathophysiology and Treatment. American Society of Hematology. 2006. 2. Antonela Tufano, Antonio Copola, Anna Guida, Acquired Hemophilia in Elderly, Current Gerontology and Geriatric Research volume 2010 3. Giangrande P. Acquired Hemophilia. World Federation of Hemophilia. 2012. 4. Sakurai Y, Takeda T. Acquired Hemophilia A: A Frequently Overlooked Autoimmune Hemorrhagic Disorder. Journal of Immunology Research. 2014. 5. Srivastava A, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia 2nd edition. World Federation of Hemophilia. 2012 6. Rotty LWA. Hemofilia A dan B dalam Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Interna Publishing. Jakarta. 2014. Laporan Kasus ACQUIRED HEMOPHILIA A PADA WANITA PENDERITA DIABETES Wiwiek Probowati1, Mardiah Suci Hardanti2 1 Bagian Penyakit Dalam, Rumah Sakit Bethesda, Yogyakarta 2 Bagian Haematologi Onkologi Medik, Bagian Penyakit Dalam Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sardjito Yogyakarta Latar Belakang Acquired Hemofilia adalah kondisi sangat jarang di mana autoantibodi, IgG diproduksi terhadap faktor VIII atau IX. Distribusi usia adalah bimodal. Meskipun hemofilia adalah penyakit keturunan, sekitar 20-30% pasien tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga gangguan pembekuan. Laporan kasus Seorang wanita berusia 55 tahun dengan keluhan utama perdarahan gusi, memar di kedua kaki dan paha yang warnanya bervariasi (multiple spontaneus hematoma). Tidak ada riwayat perdarahan sebelumnya dan tidak ada riwayat gangguan pembekuan darah dalam keluarga. Ia menderita diabetes mellitus selama 8 tahun diterapi dengan metformin dan kadar glukosa darah terkontrol. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan penurunan hemoglobin (5,7 mg / dl) dengan PT 129 (kontrol 28), PPT normal yaitu 17,2 s (kontrol 14,4 s) dan INR normal 1,3, aktivitas faktor VIII mengalami penurunan dengan hasil 1,5% (kontrol 91,1%) tetapi aktivitas faktor IX masih normal 118,7% (kontrol 108%). Inhibitor Faktor VIII adalah 19,52 Unit Bethesda. Berdasarkan kriteria laboratorium, diagnosis kasus ini adalah acquired hemofilia A. Diskusi Diagnosis Acqured hemophlia A (AHA) harus dipertimbangkan pada pasien yang datang dengan perdarahan dan pemanjangan PPT. Pola perdarahan pada AHA berbeda dari pada hemofilia kongenital A. Perdarahan cenderung terjadi pada jaringan lunak, otot, ruang retroperitoneal, perdarahan iatrogenik juga sering terjadi. Tes Bethesda positif untuk titer inhibitor F VIII. Tes diagnostik dalam AHA adalah dengan mengukur faktor pembekuan (tingkat FVIII rendah terisolasi) dan kuantifikasi titer inhibitor (inhibitor). Penyebab tersering pasien dikaitkan dengan gangguan autoimun, hepatitis dan diabetes. Penyakit kronis atau diabetes mellitus menimbulkan misrecognition terhadap antigen penderita.1,3 Kesimpulan Seorang wanita 55 tahun dengan diabetes mengalami gejala perdarahan gusi, hematom spontan di paha dan perut dengan aktivitas faktor VIII yang sangat rendah dan munculnya faktor VIII inhibitor. Pasien ini didiagnosis menderita Acquired hemofilia A. Kata kunci: Acquired Haemophilia A, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Factor VIII. Hematom multipel pada acquired hemofilia Daftar Pustaka 1. Ma AD, Carrizosa D. Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitors: Pathophysiology and Treatment. American Society of Hematology. 2006. 2. Antonela Tufano, Antonio Copola, Anna Guida, Acquired Hemophilia in Elderly, Current Gerontology and Geriatric Research volume 2010 3. Giangrande P. Acquired Hemophilia. World Federation of Hemophilia. 2012. 4. Sakurai Y, Takeda T. Acquired Hemophilia A: A Frequently Overlooked Autoimmune Hemorrhagic Disorder. Journal of Immunology Research. 2014. 5. Srivastava A, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia 2nd edition. World Federation of Hemophilia. 2012 6. Rotty LWA. Hemofilia A dan B dalam Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Interna Publishing. Jakarta. 2014.

Purpose of researh was making recommendations on diet for students in self-isolation mode, taking into account the analysis of their nutrition. Methods. A representative group was formed by random sampling. The study involved 40 students (23 women and 17 men) of Rostov State Medical University, average age 22.5 years ± 1 year (group 1). To create the database, we used the human nutritional analysis program, version 1.2.4., Registered by the Russian Agency for Patents and Trademarks 02/09/04 No. 2004610397 GUNII Nutrition RAMS. Comparison of the results was carried out with a similar group outside the conditions of self-isolation caused by the pandemic covid-19 (control group). Results. In the group of women surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1832.77 kcal. The daily amount of incoming protein is 66.6 g, fat — 97.3 g (45 % more than the recommended amount), carbohydrates — 167.87 g (42 % lower than normal). The content of trace elements: sodium — 124 % more than normal, phosphorus — 43 %. At the same time, the content of other trace elements and vitamins is less than necessary: calcium — by 18 %, magnesium — by 39 %, vitamin B1 — by 55 %, vitamin B2 — by 35 %, niacin — by 45 %. In the group of men surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1848.24 kcal; the amount of protein consumed — 66.93 g, fat — 97.7 g (20 % higher than normal), carbohydrates — 169.6 g (53 % less than the recommended amount). The content of trace elements: sodium — 123 % more than normal, phosphorus — 46 %. There is a lack of intake of many trace elements and vitamins: calcium — 15 % less than recommended, magnesium — 38 %, vitamin B1–54 %, vitamin B2–32 %, niacin — 45 %. Conclusion. In general, we can conclude that the nutrition of the students surveyed does not correspond to the current situation. Although the energy value of the daily diet is optimal, the ratio of macro- and micronutrients is violated. Recommendations are given to reduce the consumption of foods containing fats and phosphorus, in favor of foods containing complex carbohydrates, as well as vitamins B1, B2, niacin, magnesium and calcium. The need to minimize the consumption of salt, sugar, saturated and trans isomers of fatty acids is noted. It is also recommended in conditions of self-isolation to add specialized and fortified foods, as well as vitamin-mineral complexes, to the diet.

ABSTRACTTreating our own teeth by taking antibiotics without a doctor's prescription can trigger antibiotic resistance.The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of social media users who practice self-medication, dental problems and symptoms of toothache experienced, types of drugs, doses, duration, and side effects experienced, where the drugs were obtained, sources of information and reasons for self-medication. This research method is a survey using google form (web-based questionnaire). The sample in this study was a friend of the researcher on the Facebook application, amounting to 200 people. The results showed that Facebook users who did their own dental treatment were dominated by women (79.6%), under 20 years old (54.9%), students (70.8%), high school education (70.8%), and income below one million rupiah (95.5%). Symptoms of dental disease that are most often experienced are cavities/swollen gums (53.9%), the type of antibiotic commonly consumed is amoxicillin (76.1%), not knowing how many doses of amoxicillin are consumed (34.5%,). Sources of information about antibiotic drugs used were obtained from health workers at pharmacies (33.9%). In conclusion, Facebook users with low economic status and education tend to take care of their teeth by consuming antibiotics irrationally and amoxilin is a commonly used antibiotic. It is recommended that the distribution of antibiotics be strictly regulated to protect the public.ABSTRAKMengobati gigi sendiri dengan mengonsumsi antibiotik tanpa resep dokter dapat menjadi pemicu terjadinya resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengguna media sosial yang melakukan praktik pengobatan sendiri, masalah gigi dan gejala sakit gigi yang dialami, jenis obat, dosis, durasi, dan efek samping yang dialami, dari mana obat tersebut diperoleh, sumber informasi dan alasan untuk pengobatan sendiri. Metode penelitian ini adalah survei dengan menggunakan google form (kuesioner berbasis web). Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah teman dari peneliti di aplikasi facebook yang berjumlah 200 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengguna Facebook yang melakukan pengobatan gigi sendiri didominasi oleh wanita (79,6%), usia di bawah 20 tahun (54,9%), pelajar (70,8%), pendidikan SMA (70,8%), pendapatan di bawah satu juta rupiah (95,5%). Gejala penyakit gigi yang paling sering dialami adalah gigi berlubang/gusi bengkak (53,9%), jenis antibiotik yang biasa dikonsumsi amoksisilin (76,1%), tidak mengetahui berapa dosis amoksisilin yang dikonsumsi (34, 5%,). Sumber informasi tentang obat antibiotik yang digunakan diperoleh dari petugas kesehatan di apotek (33,9%). Kesimpulannya, pengguna Facebook dengan status ekonomi dan pendidikan rendah cenderung merawat giginya dengan mengonsumsi antibiotik secara tidak rasional dan amoxilin adalah antibiotik yang umum digunakan. Disarankan agar pendistribusian antibiotika diatur secara ketat untuk melindungi masyarakat.

Michele Stephen; Desire, divine and demonic; Balinese mysticism in the paintings of I Ketut Budiana and I Gusti Nyoman Mirdiana (Andrea Acri) John Lynch (ed.); Issues in Austronesian historical phonology (Alexander Adelaar) Alfred W. McCoy; The politics of heroin; CIA complicity in the global drug trade (Greg Bankoff) Anthony Reid; An Indonesian frontier; Acehnese and other histories of Sumatra (Timothy P. Barnard) John G. Butcher; The closing of the frontier; A history of the maritime fisheries of Southeast Asia c. 1850-2000 (Peter Boomgaard) Francis Loh Kok Wah, Joakim Öjendal (eds); Southeast Asian responses to globalization; Restructuring governance and deepening democracy (Alexander Claver) I Wayan Arka; Balinese morpho-syntax: a lexical-functional approach (Adrian Clynes) Zaharani Ahmad; The phonology-morphology interface in Malay; An optimality theoretic account (Abigail C. Cohn) Michael C. Ewing; Grammar and inference in conversation; Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese (Aone van Engelenhoven) Helen Creese; Women of the kakawin world; Marriage and sexuality in the Indic courts of Java and Bali (Amrit Gomperts) Ming Govaars; Dutch colonial education; The Chinese experience in Indonesia, 1900-1942 (Kees Groeneboer) Ernst van Veen, Leonard Blussé (eds); Rivalry and conflict; European traders and Asian trading networks in the 16th and 17th centuries (Hans Hägerdal) Holger Jebens; Pathways to heaven; Contesting mainline and fundamentalist Christianity in Papua New Guinea (Menno Hekker) Ota Atsushi; Changes of regime and social dynamics in West Java; Society, state and the outer world of Banten, 1750-1830 (Mason C. Hoadley) Richard McMillan; The British occupation of Indonesia 1945-1946; Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian Revolution (Russell Jones) H.Th. Bussemaker; Bersiap! Opstand in het paradijs; De Bersiapperiode op Java en Sumatra 1945-1946 (Russell Jones) Michael Heppell; Limbang anak Melaka and Enyan anak Usen, Iban art; Sexual selection and severed heads: weaving, sculpture, tattooing and other arts of the Iban of Borneo (Viktor T. King) John Roosa; Pretext for mass murder; The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s coup d’état in Indonesia (Gerry van Klinken) Vladimir Braginsky; The heritage of traditional Malay literature; A historical survey of genres, writings and literary views (Dick van der Meij) Joel Robbins, Holly Wardlow (eds); The making of global and local modernities in Melanesia; Humiliation, transformation and the nature of cultural change (Toon van Meijl) Kwee Hui Kian; The political economy of Java’s northeast coast c. 1740-1800; Elite synergy (Luc Nagtegaal) Charles A. Coppel (ed.); Violent conflicts in Indonesia; Analysis, representation, resolution (Gerben Nooteboom) Tom Therik; Wehali: the female land; Traditions of a Timorese ritual centre (Dianne van Oosterhout) Patricio N. Abinales, Donna J. Amoroso; State and society in the Philippines (Portia L. Reyes) Han ten Brummelhuis; King of the waters; Homan van der Heide and the origin of modern irrigation in Siam (Jeroen Rikkerink) Hotze Lont; Juggling money; Financial self-help organizations and social security in Yogyakarta (Dirk Steinwand) Henk Maier; We are playing relatives; A survey of Malay writing (Maya Sutedja-Liem) Hjorleifur Jonsson; Mien relations; Mountain people and state control in Thailand (Nicholas Tapp) Lee Hock Guan (ed.); Civil society in Southeast Asia (Bryan S. Turner) Jan Mrázek; Phenomenology of a puppet theatre; Contemplations on the art of Javanese wayang kulit (Sarah Weiss) Janet Steele; Wars within; The story of Tempo, an independent magazine in Soeharto’s Indonesia (Robert Wessing) REVIEW ESSAY Sean Turnell; Burma today Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Robert Taylor, Tin Maung Maung Than (eds); Myanmar; Beyond politics to societal imperatives Monique Skidmore (ed.); Burma at the turn of the 21st century Mya Than; Myanmar in ASEAN In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde no. 163 (2007) no: 1, Leiden

There are differences in the way people perceive the role of women and men in business. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of male or female leaders on two business families in Indonesia. The success of the family company cannot be separated from the role of the first generation in trusting future generations to continue their family business. A qualitative approach was used, where the data were collected through interviews with two family companies with different generations of successors. One family company has a female successor generation and another family company has a male successor. The findings showed that the first generation trusted from an early age and involved the second generation in the family business, whether their children were girls or boys. In fact, all succeeded in taking over the baton of leadership. An interesting finding is that even though the next generation is female and handles welding, which is more commonly done by men, thanks to the trust given by their parents, this next generation would be more masculine in order to gain legitimacy from employees who have worked for a long time in the company. This is as good as the next generation of men in other family companies. Keywords: family business, gender, first-generation roles, succession of success

This article analyses the figures of women and men in the text of the Orazione in lode alle donne (1545), written by Alessandro Piccolomini, in which he accuses his colleagues, literary friends, of not knowing how to treat women well while he, alternatively, puts himself as their defender. The rhetorical game has its origins in these recipients and interlocutors of this work who have a familial bond, a friendship or literary tastes and political tendencies in common with the author. The author's ironic and ambiguous attitude towards the concepts of feminine and masculine is closely linked to the atmosphere of playfulness in the Accademia degli Intronati and the complicity between its members, which allows double engenders and a mock dialectical clash, in which the author represents his companions as characters of a farce, characterized by their misogynistic ideas that are “dicted” in the text to be “contradicted” by Piccolomini. The text thus develops under the sign of the splitting masculinity and femininity: courtly men versus vulgar men, virtuous women versus vicious women within the context of idealised love against carnal love. Questo articolo prende in analisi le figure di donne e di uomini presenti nel testo dell’Orazione in lode alle donne (1545), composta da Alessandro Piccolomini, nella quale ammonisce i colleghi, amici letterati, colpevoli di non saper trattare bene le donne mentre, in alternativa, lui si propone come il loro difensore. Il gioco retorico ha origine in questi destinatari e interlocutrici dell’opera che condividono con l’autore legami familiari, amicizia, gusti letterari e tendenze politiche. L’atteggiamento ironico e ambiguo dell’autore verso i concetti di femminile e maschile è strettamente legato al clima di gioco presente nell’Accademia degli Intronati e alla complicità fra i loro membri che permette i doppi sensi e il finto scontro dialettico, nel quale l’autore rappresenta i suoi compagni come personaggi di una farsa, connotati attraverso le loro idee misogine che vengono “dette” nel testo per essere “contraddette” da Piccolomini. Il testo si sviluppa così sotto il segno dello sdoppiamento del maschile e femminile: uomini cortesi versus uomini volgari, donne virtuose versus male donne in un contesto dell’amore idealizzato versus quello carnale. Questo articolo prende in analisi le figure di donne e di uomini presenti nel testo dell’Orazione in lode alle donne (1545), composta da Alessandro Piccolomini, nella quale ammonisce i colleghi, amici letterati, colpevoli di non saper trattare bene le donne mentre, in alternativa, lui si propone come il loro difensore. Il gioco retorico ha origine in questi destinatari e interlocutrici dell’opera che condividono con l’autore legami familiari, amicizia, gusti letterari e tendenze politiche. L’atteggiamento ironico e ambiguo dell’autore verso i concetti di femminile e maschile è strettamente legato al clima di gioco presente nell’Accademia degli Intronati e alla complicità fra i loro membri che permette i doppi sensi e il finto scontro dialettico, nel quale l’autore rappresenta i suoi compagni come personaggi di una farsa, connotati attraverso le loro idee misogine che vengono “dette” nel testo per essere “contraddette” da Piccolomini. Il testo si sviluppa così sotto il segno dello sdoppiamento del maschile e femminile: uomini cortesi versus uomini volgari, donne virtuose versus male donne in un contesto dell’amore idealizzato versus quello carnale.

Abstract The present article is intended for really devout Christians. Many Christian men andwomen often ask deep in their heart, how they can do their best to please Father inHeaven. There are guides on how to worship God, to dedicate their bodies and work,but how shall we glorify God with our hair? For women, there is a hint that we canfind in St. Paul’s letters to Corinthians: but are there guides for devout men? It turnsout that is quite delicate matter to discuss. Moreover, as we discussed in a recentpaper in this journal, there is limitation of Aristotelian logic to grasp spiritual termssuch as Trinity or Manunggaling Kawula Gusti in Javanese term. Now, allow us toemphasize the same point using non-Aristotelian logic and non-Diophantinearithmetics. In that sense, spiritual realms go beyond what science cannot go. In thelast section, we will discuss shortly on possible implications of worshiping God in theSpirit and the Truth. Abstrak Artikel ini ditujukan untuk orang Kristen yang benar-benar taat. Banyak pria danwanita Kristen sering menanyakan jauh di lubuk hati mereka: bagaimana kami dapat melakukan yang terbaik untuk menyenangkan Bapa di Surga? Ada panduan tentang bagaimana menyembah Tuhan, untuk mendedikasikan tubuh dan pekerjaan mereka, tetapi bagaimana kita akan memuliakan Tuhan dengan rambut kita? Untuk para wanita, memang ada petunjuk yang dapat ditemukan dalam surat Rasul Paulus kepada jemaat Korintus: tetapi apakah ada panduan untuk kaum pria? Ternyata hal ini merupakan masalah yang cukup rumit untuk dibahas. Selain itu, seperti yang penulis bahas baru-baru ini dalam jurnal ini, terdapat keterbatasan logika Aristotelian untuk memahami istilah-istilah spiritual seperti Trinitas atau Manunggaling Kawula Gusti dalam istilah Jawa. Sekarang, izinkan penulis untukmenyampaikan hal yang sama, namun dengan menggunakan logika non-Aristotelian dan non-Diophantine aritmatika. Dalam pengertian itu, alam spiritual melampaui apa yang tidak bisa dicapai oleh sains. Dalam bagian terakhir, kita akan membahas secara singkat tentang kemungkinan implikasi dari menyembah Tuhan di Roh dan Kebenaran.

Abstract: Stomatitis is inflammation of the mucous lining of any structure padamulut; such as the cheeks, gums (gingivitis), tongue (glossitis) lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Stomatitis word itself means inflammation of the mouth. Inflammation can be caused by conditions in the mouth (such as poor oral hygiene, poor tooth arrangement), mouth injuries due to hot food or drink, or by conditions that affect the whole body (such as medications, allergic reactions, or infections). This study aims to determine how many patients suffering from recurrent stomatitis afthosa handled in RSGMP FK UNSRAT in 2014. This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The amount of research data obtained is 69 samples and categorized according to gender, age, type of treatment and etiology of the disease. The results showed incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in RSGMP FK UNSRAT distributed as follows: Stomatitis Recurrent Apthosa most common in women with sample trauma predisposing factor of 53%; predisposing factors of stress 21.7%; hormonal imbalance factor of 17.3%; Genetic factor of 11.5% and 1.1% allergic factors.Keywords : Stomatitis Recurrent Apthosa and Etiology factorAbstrak: Stomatitis adalah inflamasi lapisan mukosa dari struktur apa pun padamulut; seperti pipi, gusi (gingivitis), lidah (glositis) bibir, dan atap atau dasar mulut. Kata stomatitis sendiri berarti inflamasi pada mulut. Inflamasi dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi mulut itu sendiri (seperti oral higiene yang buruk, susunan gigi yang buruk), cedera mulut akibat makanan atau minuman panas, atau oleh kondisi yang memengaruhi seluruh tubuh (sepertiobat-obatan, reaksialergi, atauinfeksi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa banyak pasien yang menderita stomatitis apthosa rekuren yang ditangani di RSGMP FK UNSRAT pada tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Jumlah data penelitian yang didapat yaitu 69 sampel dan di kategorikan sesuai jenis kelamin, usia, jenis perawatan dan etiologi penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Angka kejadian stomatitis apthous rekuren di RSGMP FK UNSRAT yang terdistribusi sebagai berikut: Stomatitis Apthosa Rekuren paling banyak terjadi pada sample perempuan dengan faktor predisposisi trauma sebesar 53%; faktor predisposisi stres 21,7%; faktor ketidakseimbangan hormonal 17,3%; factor genetik 11,5% dan faktor alergi sebesar 1,1%.Kata kunci: Stomatitis Apthosa Rekuren, Faktor Etiologi