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1
H. Parker, Alison, Jen A. Smith, Tania Verdemato, Jeanette Cooke, James Webster, and Richard C. Carter. "Menstrual management: a neglected aspect of hygiene interventions." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2013-0070.
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Purpose – Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and facilities required. They are thus restricted in their activities whilst menstruating thus compromising their education, income and domestic responsibilities. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study describes the menstrual management challenges faced by women in an emergency situation in Uganda. Totally, 50 interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with women from villages, internally displaced person (IDP) camps and schools so that the menstrual management of the host population could be compared with the IDPs. Findings – This study showed that in IDP camps there was a significant lack of materials including soap, underpants and absorbing cloth, and facilities like latrines and bathing shelters. As a consequence women in IDP camps suffer with poor health and diminished dignity. There is also a lack of education about menstruation and reproductive health and practices are strongly influenced by cultural taboos. Originality/value – This is the first time that the menstrual management of women in IDP or refugee camps has been studied.
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Andina-Díaz, Elena, and José Siles-González. "Cultural Care of Pregnancy and Home Birth: An Application of the Sunrise Model." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 34, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp-d-19-00090.
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Background and PurposeThe role of older women close to the pregnant woman may be relevant when conveying information. The use of theories/models can guide the development of nursing practice. Purpose: To explore beliefs and practices related to pregnancy and childbirth from the perspective of older women who gave birth at home, applying Leininger's Sunrise Model.MethodsQualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with 24 older women who gave birth at home (rural area, Spain). Manual content analysis of the data was used, and Sunrise Model guided to explore the role of culture and the factors affecting maternity care.ResultsTwo main categories emerged: beliefs/practices related to physiological aspects (subcategories: minimal intervention, hygiene, pain control, rest, feeding) and to psychosocial aspects (subcategories: spiritual well-being, company).Implications for PracticeThe experiences of older women who gave birth at home helped us to understand some beliefs that survive in some pregnant women, similar in different cultures, and divided into physiological and psychosocial aspects. Older women have a relevant role as transmitters of information, and can provide some keys to plan health interventions, as companions or counselors. Applying the Sunrise Model, we verified the weight that culture has in maternal health care, and the multiple factors that interfere with the way of caring. The application of models helps us to improve nursing practice: not only should we focus on knowing the physical aspects, but also the social and cultural circumstances surrounding the pregnant woman.
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Lipsky, Martin S., Sharon Su, Carlos J. Crespo, and Man Hung. "Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences." American Journal of Men's Health 15, no. 3 (May 2021): 155798832110163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883211016361.
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Sex and gender related health disparities in oral health remain an underappreciated and often over looked aspect of well-being. The goal of this narrative review is to identify sex and gender related oral health disparities by summarizing the current literature related to differences in oral health between men and women. The review identified that men are more likely to: ignore their oral health, have poorer oral hygiene habits, and experience higher rates of periodontal disease, oral cancer, and dental trauma. Men also visit dentists less frequently and compared to women seek oral treatment more often for an acute problem and less often for disease prevention. Women exhibit more positive attitudes about dental visits, greater oral health literacy, and demonstrate better oral health behaviors than men. Men disproportionately develop periodontal diseases due to a combination of biological and gender related reasons including immune system factors, hormone differences, poorer oral hygiene behaviors, and greater tobacco use. There is a male to female ratio of 2:1 for oral cancer, largely attributable to more tobacco use, heavier use of alcohol, and longer sun exposure. Minority men experience a disproportionate burden of oral health disparities because of both their gender and race/ethnic identities. In conclusion, this review identifies several differences between men and women related to oral health and highlights the need for further research to better understand these disparities and how to incorporate them into developing prevention, education and treatment strategies to improve oral health in men.
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Trego, Lori L. "Development of the Military Women’s Attitudes Toward Menstrual Suppression Scale: From Construct Definition to Pilot Testing." Journal of Nursing Measurement 17, no. 1 (May 2009): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.17.1.45.
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The Military Women’s Attitudes Toward Menstrual Suppression scale (MWATMS) was created to measure attitudes toward menstrual suppression during deployment. The human health and social ecology theories were integrated to conceptualize an instrument that accounts for military-unique aspects of the environment on attitudes toward suppression. A three-step instrument development process was followed to develop the MWATMS. The instrument was pilot tested on a convenience sample of 206 military women with deployment experience. Reliability was tested with measures of internal consistency (α = .97); validity was tested with principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Four components accounted for 65% of variance: Benefits/Interest, Hygiene, Convenience, and Soldier/Stress. The pilot test of the MWATMS supported its reliability and validity. Further testing is warranted for validation of this instrument.
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Pires, Andréa Larissa Ribeiro, José Gomes Batista, José Mendes Aldrighi, Irineu Francisco Delfino Silva Massaia, Diego Medeiros Delgado, Edson Santos Ferreira-Filho, and José Maria Soares-Junior. "Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of contraception and menopausal hormone therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, suppl 2 (2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s2.22.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVES The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. Inflammatory changes are part of COVID-19 pathophysiology and this might generate a higher thromboembolic risk in patients using combined hormonal contraception and menopausal hormone therapy. We aimed to discuss the main aspects related to this issue and propose management strategies for women affected by COVID-19. METHODS This narrative review collected information from several articles published since the beginning of the outbreak of the new coronavirus disease about the pathophysiology, stage of the disease, the occurrence of thrombotic events, and the risk of thromboembolism in users of contraception and hormonal therapy. RESULTS This article consolidates clinical parameters about the risk of venous thromboembolism in users of contraception and menopausal hormone therapy emphasizing the probable increase of that risk in women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and bringing safer recommendations. CONCLUSIONS In this scenario, apart from the fundamental orientations of preventive measures, like social isolation and hygiene, it is important that all female health professionals have knowledge of the new rules and adopt safety measures, especially on the prescription of hormonal therapy and contraception.
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Gassama, Omar, Mouhamadou Mansour Niang, Marie Edouard Faye Dieme, Ousmane Thiam, Mamour Gueye, Mame Diarra, Ndiaye Gueye, et al. "Cervical cancer screening in pregnancy at the maternity clinics of Nabil Choucair health center and the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar, Senegal: a study on 67 cases." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 6 (May 25, 2017): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172303.
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Background: This study aims were to develop the epidemiological profile of patients who received Pap smears during pregnancy, to describe aspects of cytological smears performed in pregnant women and to describe the therapeutic management in case of anomalies in the cervical smear during pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 15, 2015 to June 31, 2015 at maternity of Nabil Choucair Health Centre and the Institute of Social Hygiene in Dakar. The Pap smear was performed in all patients who had given their consent to the experience. The parameters studied concerned socio-demographic aspects, gynecological and obstetric background, gestational age at the time of collection, cervico-vaginal smear results, diagnostic and therapeutic management of cytological and histological abnormalities. The data collected on a survey sheet prepared for this purpose were entered and analyzed through the version 3.5.3 of Epi info software.Results: During the study period, 67 pregnant women had received a Pap smear. The epidemiological profile of our patient was a paucipare gestity with an average of 3 with extremes ranging from 1 to 7, an average parity of 2.4 with extremes ranging from 1 to 7. The mean age of pregnancy was 15.4 weeks of amenorrhea (range of 6 and 32 weeks). Only 5 patients (7.4%) had already received a cervical-vaginal swab before the study. The smear was normal in 88.7% of the cases but got abnormalities in 11.3% of the cases. The abnormalities were mainly found in squamous cells and were divided into low-grade lesions (57.1%) and skew-cell abnormalities whose meaning was undetermined (42.1%). Colposcopy was performed in 8 patients. Colposcopy was normal and satisfactory in 4 patients (50%) and identified as atypical grade 1 transformation in 2 patients (25%) and an atypical grade 2 transformation in 2 patients (25%). From a therapeutic point of view, diathermic loop conduction associated with strapping was performed in one patient (12.5%) for severe dysplasia. In postpartum, all dysplastic cervical lesions diagnosed during pregnancy had declined.Conclusions: In the context of our study, where there is no organized screening policy for cervical cancer, antenatal clinics are an excellent screening opportunity to seize.
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Mohsin, A., J. Riaz, and S. A. Ahmad. "Potential Physical Health Changes during the Covid-19 Confinement in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561365.
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Background: The Coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020 and entire population was asked to self-isolate and live in home-confinement for several weeks to months. This has had collateral effects on many parameters of the isolatedindividuals health. A short term sedentary lifestyle is sufficient to induce insulin resistance and fat deposition which in turn increases the risk of multiple metabolic disorders. Aim: To investigate the potential physical health changes that occurred during the CoVID-19 quarantine/isolation period in Pakistan. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during social isolation, from 27th May to 1st July, 2020. The study was initiated after approval from the institutional ethical review committee of Health Research Solutions. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect the data from the census organisation committee in Pakistan. Results: The sample of respondents in the data analysis included : N=553 (63.5% women 36.5% men). The findings explore the health impacts of several weeks of a reduction in physical activity and daily step-count combined with altered eating habits and sleep hygiene. Conclusion: The findings of the current study may contribute to a better understanding of the novel coronavirus effects on lifestyle especially physical activities and sedentary behaviour. It concludes that certain health aspects that have been explored in this research can be improved through methods developed to increase participation in activities during current and future pandemics. Keywords: CoVID-19 Coronavirus, WHO
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Hasib, Enam, Taufique Joarder, Kharisma Nugroho, Kelly Perry, Jennifer Crum, and Amy Weissman. "Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Bangladesh for Effective Locally Driven Conditional Cash Transfer in Multisectoral Nutrition Programming." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_038.
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Abstract Objectives The USAID's Strengthening Multisectoral Nutrition Programming through Implementation Science Activity (MSNP) in Bangladesh gathered local knowledge to augment national data to ensure nutrition programming delivery was appropriately targeted. Such knowledge allowed MSNP's social protection conditional cash transfer (CCT) activity to reach most at-risk individuals. Methods Using structured field observation forms, six trained staff documented nutrition programming decision-making processes and MSNP project activities regarding appropriate beneficiary targeting in six districts. Numerous project documents were reviewed and site visits conducted to evaluate CCT implementation in action. Data were coded into three aspects of learning (challenges and methods to alleviate them, successes, and recommendations for future programming) and analyzed according to themes identified in research utilization literature. Results CCT, an incentive-based delivery mechanism targeting women based on locally collected data, positively influenced household decision-makers, including women, to provide effective health and nutrition care for themselves and their children. CCT, received upon completion of antenatal care visits and participation in nutrition education sessions, effectively supported the uptake of MSNP community workers’ nutrition advice led to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in remote areas. Requiring CCT beneficiaries to open bKash accounts to ensure financial transparency and that funds reached the intended participants helped establish women as nutrition decision makers, improving financial inclusion for extreme-poor women. Conclusions CCT stimulates use of nutrition and health services, increasing household resources for nutrition-related behaviors and allowing women to exercise financial freedom. To improve evidence utilization in nutrition programming, national indicators must be complemented with local knowledge gathering processes, with local stakeholders and beneficiaries involved to ensure appropriate targeting and to transform knowledge into practice. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Filby, Alex, Wendy Robertson, and Eugenia Afonso. "A service evaluation of a specialist migrant maternity service from the user's perspective." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.9.652.
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Background Meeting the complex needs of pregnant migrants requires an innovative approach. Migrant women's experiences and opinions should directly guide service development if these needs are to be met effectively. Aims To evaluate the specialist migrant maternity service provided by Kings College Hospital London based upon users' experience and satisfaction. Methods A qualitative service evaluation via semi-structured, multi-lingual, in-depth interviews with 10 service users. Data was analysed using a general inductive approach for thematic analysis. Findings Positive aspects: access to midwife and referrals, provision of essentials and transport, respect and kindness of caregivers. Negative aspects: poor maternal nutrition, lack of access to hygienic infant-feeding equipment, lack of social support building and lack of service signposting. Conclusion Women conveyed a high level of satisfaction with the service. The negative aspects that persist are, arguably, not within the immediate remit of the maternity team, yet they negatively affect the health of these women, and therefore merit awareness raising if holistic care is to be achieved. Seven service recommendations have been made.
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Wu, Yanqi, Jie Chen, Hui Fang, and Yuehua Wan. "Intimate Partner Violence: A Bibliometric Review of Literature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155607.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide public health problem. Here, a bibliometric analysis is performed to evaluate the publications in the Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) field from 2000 to 2019 based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases. This work presents a detailed overview of IPV from aspects of types of articles, citations, h-indices, languages, years, journals, institutions, countries, and author keywords. The results show that the USA takes the leading position in this research field, followed by Canada and the U.K. The University of North Carolina has the most publications and Harvard University has the first place in terms of h-index. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine leads the list of average citations per paper. The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal of Family Violence and Violence Against Women are the top three most productive journals in this field, and Psychology is the most frequently used subject category. Keywords analysis indicates that, in recent years, most research focuses on the research fields of “child abuse”, “pregnancy”, “HIV”, “dating violence”, “gender-based violence” and “adolescents”.
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d’Angelo, Danila, Francesca Ciani, Alessandra Zaccherini, Simona Tafuri, Luigi Avallone, Serenella d’Ingeo, and Angelo Quaranta. "Human-Animal Relationship Dysfunction: A Case Study of Animal Hoarding in Italy." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091501.
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“Animal hoarding” or “compulsive hoarding of animals” is a psychiatric disease, which has important social implications and a profound influence on animal welfare. To date, this phenomenon has been little investigated and largely unexplored. The present study aims to systematically describe a case of animal hoarding, which remains unresolved. The report refers to a case of a woman suffering from animal hoarding that emerged in 2005. From March 2014 to December 2019, 450 animals were seized over nine different occasions. This disease had significant implications on the welfare of the animals collected, which lived in poor housing and hygiene conditions that frequently led to their death. Since animal hoarding cases involve sanitary, legal, and veterinary aspects, we believe that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary in order to prevent a recurrence and a new accumulation of animals. A holistic approach should be taken according to the One Health principle that involves different stakeholders at every level in order to adopt an efficient solution.
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Dharmayanti, Agustin Wulan Suci, Suhartini Suhartini, and Banun Kusumawardani. "Status Kesehatan Rongga Mulut Wanita Suku Osing." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 6, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v6i2.386.
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Latar belakang
Kualitas hidup manusia ditentukan oleh tingkat sosiodemografi, status kesehatan umum dan rongga mulut yang saling berkaitan. Ras dan suku menentukan genetika dalam merespon keradangan, kerentanan jaringan rongga mulut terhadap bakteri atau injuri, meregulasi hormon reproduksi, dan sindrom menopause. Akan tetapi hubungan faktor tersebut masih belum banyak terungkap, khususnya pada Suku Osing. Suku Osing merupakan salah satu suku yang masih memegang kuat adat istiadat.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status kesehatan rongga mulut wanita suku Osing.
Metode
Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional.Subyek penelitian dikelompokan menjadi kelompok usia produktif dan menopause. Pada subyek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan status kesehatan rongga mulut meliputi jumlah gigi yang tersisa di rongga mulut, indeks periodontal, karies dan kebersihan rongga mulut. Semua data dikategorikan kemudian akan dilakukan uji korelasi non parametric (p?0,05).
Hasil
Kelompok wanita usia menopause pada penelitian ini sudah mengalami menopause dalam kurun waktu 5-10 tahun.Jumlah gigi wanita usia menopause lebih sedikit dibanding wanita usia produksif (p?0,05). Wanita usia menopause lebih banyak menderita penyakit periodontal yang bersifat irreversible (2,65 ± 0,35) daripada wanita usia produktif (1,16 ± 0,27). Indeks karies kelompok wanita usia menopause (D=166, M=570) lebih tinggi dibanding wanita usia produktif (D=247, M=162). Akan tetapi, kedua kelompok ini mempunyai tingkat kebersihan mulut yang sama. Selain itu terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kebersihan mulut, penyakit periodontal, karies dan lamanya menopause (R>0,3).
Simpulan
Status kesehatan rongga mulut wanita usia menopause suku Osing di Desa Kemiren, Kecamatan Glagah, Banyuwangi lebih buruk dibanding wanita usia produktif. Akan tetapi, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status kesehatan rongga mulut tersebut.
Background
Social-demography, health status, and oral health specify a quality life, which all of them are correlated. Races and ethnic assign genetic aspect, especially in inflammation respond, oral tissue susceptibility to bacterial infection and injuries, hormone regulation, and menopause syndrome. However, the relationships are unexplored yet, especially in osingese. Osingese is one of ethnic which hold the customs strongly. The objective of this study was to know the oral health status of Osingese Women.
Method
This study was observational with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were classified into productive and menopause age. All of the subjects were examined their oral health, including remain teeth, periodontal index, caries index, and oral hygiene index. All of the data were categorized and analyzed by non-parametric correlation analysis (p?0.05).
Result
Menopause aged group experienced menopause period about 5-10 years. The number of teeth of the menopause group was less than productive group (p?0.05). The menopause group more sustained irreversible periodontal diseases (2.65 ± 0.35) than the productive group (1.16 ± 0.27). Caries index in the menopause group (D=166, M=570) was higher than the productive group (D=247, M=162). However, their oral hygiene index was the same. Moreover, there presented the relationship between oral hygiene, caries index, periodontal index, and menopause status (R>0.3).
Conclusion
Oral health status menopause aged osingese women was poorer than the productive group. However, it needed further study to investigate the other factor influencing oral health status.
Keywords: caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, menopause, Osingese
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Vogel, Laurent, and Mary Lee Dunn. "The State of Occupational Health in Community Europe: From Top-Down Reform to a Renewal of Trade Union Action?" NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 13, no. 2 (August 2003): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/99jd-y20f-4hqy-5h2g.
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Working conditions in Europe are getting worse, due to changes in work organization, including intensification and increasing insecurity. A critical assessment of the state of prevention in Europe remains essential. Trade union organizations on the Luxembourg Advisory Committee on Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at Work drafted a document on what Community occupational health policy should seek to achieve. In June 2001, the ETUC Executive Committee adopted a resolution based on the document. This article discusses the trade union strategy. The first step is to critique the few existing indicators. To a considerable extent, they actually conceal the health problems of work. The statistics on occupational disease reflect, above all, characteristics of the various national systems of benefits but say little about the real state of workers' health. “Traditional” risks still cause tens of thousands of deaths and injuries every year. Risks associated with work organization are increasing steadily. The intensification of work is an important aspect of the reorganization of production processes and is associated with major changes in work management and organization. At the same time, the spread of Taylorized work procedures in certain sectors (probably correlating strongly with work performed by women in both services and some branches of industry) and the introduction of management methods may be summarized in the phrase “controlled autonomy.” It involves shifting some of the supervisory burden to the level of the team, which destroys collective solidarity and detracts from the conditions under which work can contribute to mental health. Labor insecurity has been facilitated by the reappearance of mass unemployment and technological changes. Work has become increasingly less “sustainable” and companies are swamping society with the real social costs of their appetite for profit. In seeking harmonization, we must ensure consistent legislation based on the fundamental principles of the Framework Directive. Thus, trade unions demand that all risk factors be covered by directives based on effective preventive approaches. The new language of risk assessment and broadened approach to occupational health may initiate a process that (i) makes the invisible visible; (ii) moves on from observing individual complaints to collective analysis; and (iii) formulates a collective strategy based on identifying what “can be tolerated no longer.”
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Уйба, V. Uyba, Торубаров, and S. Torubarov. "Role of Social Hygiene Research in Health Assessment Premature Infants." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3442.
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Maintaining the health of children, especially those born prematurely, is one of the major challenges of modern society. For more information about the health of premature babies need to use different methods of statistics. In this regard, social and hygienic studies play an indispensable role, as cover all aspects of human activity.
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Uspenskaya, I. V., and E. M. Pristupa. "SOCIAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL AREAS." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj2012375-77.
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Zaka Ullah, Paris, Zahira Batool, and Muhammad Shabbir. "Social Impediments of Personal Hygiene Practices Among Females in Rural Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan." Global Regional Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-ii).06.
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Good quality personal hygiene is imperative for both health as well as social reasons. It involves keeping your hands, head and body clean so as to prevent the illness and spread of germs. The present study attempts to find out various social impediments which influence personal hygiene practices of women. The respondent of the study was women from rural Faisalabad. The survey research design was carried out, and the interview schedule was adopted as a data collection tool. Sample of 400 rural women was taken using a convenient sample technique. As a result, women have been shown to be extremely conscious of social impediments to personal hygiene. In addition, it has been found that there is a strong correlation between social impediments and personal hygiene practices. The study emphasizes the importance of good personal hygiene, and rural women's practices in preserving their personal hygiene; therefore, these social impediments need to be addressed
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Das, Rimpa, Silpishree Pradhan, Sabita Mandal, Kazi Monjur Ali, Soumyajit Maiti, and Debidas Ghosh. "Impact Of Health Awareness Intervention Among The Women Sweepers Working Under The Midnapore Municipality Of West Bengal, India." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i1.11628.
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Background: Women sweepers is the vulnerable segment of our community and suffering from different occupational health problems due to limited education, lack of knowledge on occupational health hazards. The present study aimed to assess the awareness level regarding occupational health and personal hygiene and to evaluate the effect of occupational health intervention among the women sweepers. Methods: The study adopted a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 52 women sweepers in the age group of 25 to 60 years were selected randomly from Midnapore Municipality of West Bengal, India. At first, a self-structured questionnaire was prepared on the aspects of general health, occupational health, personal hygiene, environmental health and nutritional aspects. After the pre-awareness assessment an intervention package was delivered covering said domains. Than post testing was done on the participants after the period of intervention. Results: Results demonstrated that there was a considerable increase in the awareness levels among the women sweepers with regard to knowledge of health problems, occupational health. The knowledge of participants regarding personal hygiene improved markedly after imparting the intervention. With regards to preventive approaches of diseases among the women has increased after the intervention. Overall health knowledge increased significantly post-awareness stage than pre-awareness stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that occupational health intervention has a positive effect towards the improvement of awareness level among the women sweepers which may change their health habits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i1.11628Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 01 January13 pp.49-54
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Klimaszewska, Krystyna. "The social aspects of urinary incontinence of women." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 16, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2017-0028.
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Abstract Introduction. Urinary incontinence refers to men and women, no matter what age they are. Due to the anatomical structure and biological function of women, they suffer from urinary incontinence more often than men. This disorder occurs widely, affecting many women, mainly in the perimenopausal age, and it increases with age. Aim. Analysis of the problem of urinary incontinence among women on the base of not systematic review of the literature. Summary. In the literature, it is highlighted that urinary incontinence of women is linked between the quality of life and the onset of symptoms, including functioning limitations on daily basis. It is a serious health and social problem among women. Conservative treatment in early stage of urinary incontinence may be an effective form of therapy. There is a need to prevent and educate the society in terms of shaping appropriate attitudes and behavioral health, including conservative methods in the treatment of urinary incontinence.
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Bhalla, Sumita, and Preeti Sharma. "TV viewing behaviour of rural women for social advertisements on health and hygiene practices." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/9.2/216-222.
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Abdalrahman, Ihab B., Sara Shamat, Sara Mamoun, Reem Abdelraheem, Esraa Salah, Mohammed Elkhalifa, Abduraheem Farah, et al. "Educational sessions may not be enough to improve knowledge about hand hygiene: Assessing the knowledge about hand hygiene of health workers before and after an educational workshop in Sudan." F1000Research 7 (April 11, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13029.1.
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Background: In an attempt to defeat the high prevalence of health care associated infections, by raising the awareness about hand hygiene, we implemented a quasi-experimental study as part of a quality improvement project to evaluate the efficacy of focused educational workshop on knowledge about hand hygiene among health care workers in Sudan. Methods: Seventy-three participants were recruited from two public hospitals and one private hospital in Khartoum, Sudan in September 2017. The knowledge before and after the educational workshop was assessed for each participant using the World Health Organization hygiene associated infection questionnaire. We analyzed data using SPSS v22 and used McNemar’s test to compare knowledge before and after the workshop. Results: Around 40% of participants worked in general ward and 85% of them were women. Almost 70% were midwives or nurses. The mean age of participants was 28.4 years. We compared the knowledge of hand hygiene between nurses and doctors before the workshop, and the results showed that nurses had better knowledge in almost all aspects of hand hygiene. When we compared the knowledge before and immediately after the workshop for all participants, we found that there was no significant improvement in almost all aspects of knowledge about hand hygiene (P>0.05). Conclusion: Comparing the knowledge before and after the workshop, we found no significant improvement in almost all aspects of hand hygiene. Of note, nurses’ knowledge about hand hygiene was consistently higher than doctors. Additional studies are needed to identify the optimal design of educational sessions.
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SINGH, SUKHPAL. "GENDERED BoP HYGIENE MARKETS IN RURAL INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 51, no. 01n02 (January 2017): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246217000055.
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Water scarcity and non-existent or poor sanitation have special implications for the poor in a rural context of a developing country such as India, especially in the case of women due to their personal hygiene needs. The penetration of sanitary napkins is very low in Indian villages for reasons such as the high cost of branded napkins, availability, and cultural barriers. Over 88% of rural women use unhygienic alternatives during menstruation, with 77% using a piece of old cloth and many others nothing at all. These practices lead to a deterioration in health of the mother as well as the child and, sometimes, the death of the mother. Furthermore, a large proportion of girls in India do not go to school during their menstruation period, for an average of 4–5 days every month, and at least 23% of girls drop out of school when they start menstruating. Adult women cut down on their productive day-to-day activities. Menstruating lower-income women also have to follow certain social exclusion norms and treat it as a purely private matter as it is considered a social taboo. The access to personal reproductive hygiene products and services thus becomes indispensable in terms of addressing hygiene and sanitation needs. Furthermore, this is more of a developmental/social venture rather than just pure rural marketing. This paper examines the issue from a social enterprise and social innovation perspective in order to understand the issues involved in changing the situation. It examines the case of a social venture in India (Goonj) which has attempted to deal with this market in terms of its approach, product design, market creation, performance, issues faced, and impact made. The paper attempts to infer lessons for making social entrepreneurship and social innovations work in developing country health and hygiene contexts in the form of a Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) market solution.
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Seko, Kazuki, and Michiyo Hirano. "Predictors and Importance of Social Aspects in Ikigai among Older Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 8718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168718.
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Ikigai is a unique Japanese concept that encompasses not only joy and happiness, but also the purpose and meaning of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contribute to Ikigai, an important concept in the health of older women, and to clarify the relationship between Ikigai and the enhancement of the social aspects of their health. The participants in this longitudinal study, conducted between October 2017 and February 2020, were physically healthy older women aged 65 years and above (N = 132). Physical function and social activity were used as predictors of Ikigai. In addition, willingness for new interactions was used to examine the social aspects of health. A causal model was created from these factors, and path analysis was performed. The results demonstrated that participating in numerous interpersonal activities was predictive of increased Ikigai, but physical function was not. In addition, Ikigai was found to affect the willingness for new interactions. Further, Ikigai could be related to the willingness for new interactions. To enhance the social aspects of older women’s health, it is necessary to focus on Ikigai.
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Geissler, P. Wenzel. "The Significance of Earth-Eating: Social and Cultural Aspects of Geophagy Among Luo Children." Africa 70, no. 4 (November 2000): 653–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.4.653.
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ABSTRACTEarth‐eating is common among primary school children in Luoland, western Kenya. This article describes the social significance and meanings attributed to it. Earth‐eating is practised among children before puberty, irrespective of their sex, and among women of reproductive age, but not usually among adult men or old women. To eat earth signifies belonging to the female sphere within the household, which includes children up to adolescence. Through eating earth, or abandoning it, the children express their emerging gender identity. Discourses about earth‐eating, describing the practice as unhealthy and bad, draw on ‘modern’ notions of hygiene, which are imparted, for example, in school. They form part of the discursive strategies with which men especially maintain a dominant position in the community. Beyond the significance of earth‐eating in relation to age, gender and power, it relates to several larger cultural themes, namely fertility, belonging to a place, and the continuity of the lineage. Earth symbolises female, life‐bringing forces. Termite hills, earth from which is eaten by most of the children and women, can symbolise fertility, and represent the house and the home, and the graves of ancestors. Earth‐eating is a form of ‘communion’ with life‐giving forces and with the people with whom one shares land and origin. Earth‐eating is a social practice produced in complex interactions of body, mind and other people, through which children incorporate and embody social relations and cultural values.
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Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R., Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi, and Małgorzata Korzeniowska. "Assessing Nigerian Butchers’ Knowledge and Perception of Good Hygiene and Storage Practices: A Cattle Slaughterhouse Case Analysis." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061165.
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In Nigeria, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guides the inspection and production of beef meat and prescribes the good practices pertinent to beef products’ handling, processing, and packaging. Specifically, good hygiene practice (GHP) assures beef product safety and consumer protection, whereas good storage practice (GSP) assures the continuity of hygiene activities within the storage stages. Relevant literature about butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices within Nigeria slaughterhouses remains scant. This current study, therefore, assessed butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices through a cattle slaughterhouse case analysis. The selected cattle slaughterhouse serves the increasingly thriving Nsukka beef market in Enugu State, Nigeria. Content validation was utilised to authenticate the questionnaire items, which were administered face-to-face to the respondents (i.e., the butchers). The questionnaire included a total of 30 questions. The results showed that the butchers were male (Freq. = 100%, n = 50), acquired their knowledge informally (Freq. = 88%, n = 44), were largely with more than 5 years of slaughterhouse experience (Freq. = 82%, n = 41), and were strongly (p < 0.0001) familiar with good hygiene (Freq. = 96%, n = 48) and storage (Freq. = 98%, n = 49) practices. The butchers provided examples that demonstrated knowledge and perception aspects of GHP and GSP. The perception aspects of GHP and GSP were correlated more, compared to knowledge and knowledge versus perception. Very conscious of their knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices, the butchers herein have to strive for continuous improvement in their slaughterhouse activities to assure beef quality and consumer safety.
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Zhuk, S., and O. Schurevska. "Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(112) (July 29, 2016): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.112.86.
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The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.
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Assefa, Geteneh Moges, Samiha Sherif, Jose Sluijs, Maarten Kuijpers, Tamene Chaka, Arsema Solomon, Yeshitila Hailu, and Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh. "Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Relation to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084281.
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The main purpose of the study was to deepen the understanding of gender and social inclusion in the context of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. An explorative qualitative study was conducted in three districts of the Oromia region using gender analysis frameworks. Twenty-one key informant interviews and nine focus group discussions were conducted. Findings showed 52% of households in the study area have basic service level water, 29% have basic service level sanitation, and 14% have basic service level hygiene. Women, girls, and people living with disability disproportionately experience poor access to quality WASH services. Women and girls participate in unequal domestic labor related to water management which often exposes them to discrimination and violence such as rape, abduction, and assault. Overall, women, girls, and other socially excluded groups are rarely consulted and engaged by local actors. This results in incongruent policy and political commitment which limits action at the grassroots level. Integrating gender equality and inclusion efforts into local governance agendas can help to increase access to and the quality of WASH services. These efforts must advocate for moving beyond gender parity to promote gender transformative approaches and inclusion to realize better WASH services for the communities they serve.
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Muralidharan, Arundati. "Constrained Choices? Menstrual Health and Hygiene Needs Among Adolescents in Mumbai Slums." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518808104.
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Menstruation, an essential and healthy biological function, is cloaked in a culture of silence. Sociocultural norms at the family and community level play a pivotal role in shaping how young unmarried women understand and manage their monthly period. Less is known about how unmarried young women living in low-income urban areas in India seek help for their menstrual needs. This qualitative study seeks to understand how young unmarried women (aged 15–24) living in a slum settlement understand menstruation and perceive menstrual problems, and identifies factors that influence their help-seeking behaviour for menstrual needs and problems. It also proposes recommendations for national health programmes addressing menstrual health and hygiene. The findings echo previous research findings emphasising young unmarried women’s low levels of awareness and misconceptions about menstruation. These girls perceived menstrual problems as a key concern, as it significantly interfered with their daily routine and caused emotional distress. Young women’s ability and willingness to seek help to address menstrual needs is influenced by a culture of silence that surrounds menstruation, excessive scrutiny and blaming by the community, and restrictions on their mobility and interactions with peers. The findings underscore the role of mothers as gatekeepers who greatly influence young women’s perceptions of menstruation and menstrual problems and their ability to seek help. Existing interventions need to be expanded to address young women’s need for emotional and social support, and to involve significant gatekeepers such as mothers in promoting the health and well-being of young unmarried women in slum communities. Intervention strategies should be expanded to enhance the capacity of mothers to recognise, understand and address their teenage daughters’ needs for information, emotional support and access to essential clinical and social services.
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Paujiah, Epa, Maratus Solikha, and Yani Suryani. "Condition of Food Sanitation and Hygiene in East Bandung, West Java." Jurnal Biodjati 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v3i2.3470.
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Food security is one of the health problems in Indonesia which is related to the lack of knowledge of how the production process, the hygiene and health of the food. This study aims to describe the sanitary and hygienic conditions of food sold by merchant in Cibiru, Bandung City, West Java. The study was conducted in May-June 2017 by determining five sampling location based on the number of merchant in Cibiru. Data was obtained through questionnaire filling of 40 respondents at each sampling point which was then analyzed to find out the characteristics of social-demographic of the respondents, personal hygiene, and support of environmental sanitation. The results shows that the sanitation and hygiene of food in the aspect of knowledge of personal hygiene showed that the food handler was experienced food processors (88%) and 12% had no experience even though their last education was not linear with their trading profession. In addition, respondents' knowledge of individual hygiene shows that out of the nine aspects observed, 33% are in the high category, 11% are moderate and 56% are in the low category. Aspects of environmental sanitation and other support of food sanitation show that the conditions are in the clean and adequate category. All of these aspects can be used as a basic consideration in further counseling about food hygiene and food processing so that it can avoid unpredictable outbreaks.
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Ferreira, Fabiane Ribeiro, Cibele Comini César, Fabíola Bof de Andrade, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, and Fernando Augusto Proietti. "Aspects of social participation and neighborhood perception." Revista de Saúde Pública 52, Suppl 2 (January 29, 2019): 18s. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000647.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the physical and social surroundings of the neighborhood, which are presented as facilitators or barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults. METHODS: The study was conducted in a probabilistic representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and older and who lived in urban areas (n = 7,935). The response variable was social participation, which was defined from two questions about activities performed with other persons: visited friends or relatives in their homes in the last 12 months (yes, no); went out with other persons to public places, such as restaurant, movies, club, park, in the last 12 months (yes, no). The explanatory variables included fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks, concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train, difficulty to cross streets, and perception of violence in the neighborhood. Potential confounding variables included age, marital status, education level, self-rated health, living in an asphalted or paved street, time living in the municipality, and socioeconomic position score. Prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULT: Difficulty to cross streets presented an independent association with restricted social participation (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.93–0.98) among both women (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.92–0.99) and men (PR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.90–0.99). Concern about the difficulty to get on a bus, subway, or train was associated with the outcome only among men (PR = 0.95; 95%CI 0.91–0.99). The fear of falling because of defects in sidewalks and the perception of violence in the neighborhood were not associated with social participation. CONCLUSIONS: Urban characteristics that hinder the crossing of streets and accessibility to public transport can be inferred as important barriers for the social participation of Brazilian older adults.
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Awasthi, Purnima, Ramesh C. Mishra, and S. K. Singh. "Health-promoting Lifestyle, Illness Control Beliefs and Well-being of the Obese Diabetic Women." Psychology and Developing Societies 30, no. 2 (July 15, 2018): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333618783395.
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The study examines the role of health-promoting lifestyle and illness control beliefs in well-being of obese diabetic women. Measures of illness control belief, health-promoting lifestyle and obesity-related well-being were given to 100 obese diabetic women selected from outdoors of hospitals in Varanasi. Analysis revealed patients’ stronger belief in ‘doctor-control’ and ‘supernatural-control’ than ‘self-control’ of the disease. Nutrition, interpersonal relations, physical activity and stress management were given more importance in health promotion than spiritual growth-related practices. Belief in ‘self-control’ and ‘doctor-control’ of disease was negatively correlated with ‘psychosocial discomfort’, ‘physical discomfort’ and ‘psychosocial impact’ aspects of obesity, whereas ‘supernatural-control’ showed positive relationship with all aspects. All components of ‘health-promoting lifestyle’ were negatively correlated with ‘physical discomfort’, ‘psychosocial discomfort’ and ‘psychosocial impact’ aspects of obesity. Multiple regression analysis brought out ‘self-control’, ‘supernatural-control’, ‘health responsibility’, ‘physical activity’ and ‘stress management’ as significant predictors of ‘well-being’ of the obese diabetic women.
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Burliai, A. P. ,., V. S. Kostyuk, L. W. Smoliy, and A. A. Osipova. "Modern theories of economic development: social aspects." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 98 (June 20, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-2-221-231.
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The article examines modern theories of economic development in the context of social aspects. The aim of the study is to generalize the social aspects of modern economic theories of development to determine the trajectory and possible directions of social policy. The essence and evolution of models of economic development according to the concepts of welfare are determined. Many well-known foreign researchers are interested in the causes of the wealth of some nations and the poverty and decline of others. Thus, D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson proved that the main condition for achieving the well-being of nations are economic institutions – rules that determine the social efficiency of the economy, incentives and motivations of people, rather than natural and geographical factors. Norwegian A. Reinert believes that rich countries have become rich through a combination of government intervention, strategic investment and protectionism, rather than free trade. American economist M. Olson pointed to the role of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action and contractual rights in economic development. N. Rosenberg and L. Birzdel, A. Sen, E. Duflo and A. Banerjee emphasize that the only issue they focus on is how to increase the material well-being of people, which is measured by the presence of most opportunities to choose and shape the quality of their own lives, to fight not with the consequences of poverty, but with its causes, that is, starting with public education, basic medicine and hygiene. New theoretical approaches to the interpretation of social factors of economic development and social transformations in Ukraine have also been formed in the works of Ukrainian researchers. It is established that a prerequisite for the successful development of the national economic system is to ensure the priority of man, education, health care, environmental protection, which, in turn, stimulate significant economic potential and long-term prosperity of society.
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Sinha, Smita. "Adolescent Health-Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Issue through Social Marketing of Sanitary Napkins Scheme: An Evaluation Study from Haryana." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 47, no. 3 (2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1069.
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ABSTRACT Background and objectives Menstrual hygiene is far from satisfactory among a large proportion of Indian women. To overcome the barriers for using sanitary napkins among rural women in Haryana, a social marketing scheme was launched. As the program is in nascent stage of implementation the factors influencing it need to be evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the stakeholder's perspectives and factors influencing this scheme. Materials and methods We carried out a qualitative study during April’ 2011 in Lalpur, Naraingarh, Ambala, Northern India. The experience and opinion of rural girls, women, ANM, ASHA and Sakshar Mahila Samooh (SMS) members were elicited during 10 in-depth interviews and four FGDs. Results Majority of women were motivated to use sanitary napkins. They perceived that use of sanitary napkin was beneficial for them. The grass root workers involved in production work of sanitary napkins were disappointed with irregular flow of funds. The other stakeholders in the community were not actively involved in the implementation of this scheme. Conclusion To conclude, there is a huge marketing potential of low cost sanitary napkins in this rural area of Haryana. The program needs to actively involve various stakeholders and to ensure regular flow of fund. How to cite this article Sinha S, Singh A. Adolescent Health-Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Issue through Social Marketing of Sanitary Napkins Scheme: An Evaluation study from Haryana J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(3):127-130.
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Oliveira, Rafael Sousa, Maria José Rodrigues, and Ana Rita Henriques. "Specific Hygiene Procedures and Practices Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Fresh Fishery Product Retailers of Lisbon’s Traditional Food Markets." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081805.
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This study aimed to assess the compliance of specific hand hygiene and food contact surfaces hygiene in fresh fishery product retailers (FFPR) and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics that might influence the observed procedures and practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in traditional food markets’ FFPRs (N = 74) using interviews and audits for data collection purposes. Results revealed that women were overrepresented among FFPR managers; most were over 50 years of age and had a long working experience in fish retail activities, despite a low educational level. The majority had attended training courses in food hygiene, safety, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points-based procedures. Both documental assessment and hand hygiene procedures and practices verification revealed a low level of compliance. Many documents supporting hygiene practices were lacking. Several non-conforming requisites were identified related to the handwashing procedure and equipment and to glove wearing practices. A higher level of compliance was obtained in food contact surfaces hygiene procedures and practices verification, with complete hygiene procedures applied and proper cleaning of utensils and chemical products management in several cases. These findings reflect an ambiguous understanding and misconceptions related to hygiene procedures and practices, suggesting the need to improve and update FFPR food handler training regarding basic food hygiene and safety.
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Reshetnikov, V. A., O. A. Manerova, A. S. Sozinov, and N. T. Ismayil-zada. "Formation and development of public health teaching in the system of higher medical education (From social hygiene to public health and health care)." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 6 (December 14, 2020): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-897.
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The article deals with the historical ways of formation and development of the educational and scientific discipline Public Health and Healthcare, underlines the role of N.A. Semashko in the formation and development of the educational and scientific discipline, in the foundation and holding the first Department of Social Hygiene in Russia. The features of teaching the discipline at the stage of formation, the content of the first Russian manual on Social Hygiene are highlighted in this article. The stages of the formation and development of the discipline in Russia since the 20s of the last century until the present, the peculiarities of teaching the discipline at each of the stages, the reasons for changing the name of the discipline are considered. The special role of the Department of Public Health and Health Care Organization, among other departments dealing with the study of health, is highlighted. The article substantiates the leading, methodological role of the Department in teaching the issues of preserving, strengthening and restoring public health, presents the modern requirements for the departments of Public Health and Health Care Organization, as well as for teachers, shows special aspects of teaching the discipline, the content of the national education program and differences from foreign programs. The ways of development of the academic discipline and the Departments teaching it are also presented.
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Malolo, Rossanie, Save Kumwenda, Kondwani Chidziwisano, Christabel Kambala, and Tracy Morse. "Social outcomes of a community-based water, sanitation and hygiene intervention." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.264.
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Abstract Social benefits of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions are less documented compared to health benefits such as the reduction of diarrheal diseases. Although most decisions in WASH investments are based on potential health outcomes, interventions may also lead to social benefits, such as income generation, increased school enrollment, improved levels of dignity, self-esteem and civic pride, which can have a significant value both personally and to the wider community. This qualitative case study was used to assess the perceived social outcomes of purposively selected stakeholders from a WASH intervention study in Malawi. In-depth Interviews (n = 10), focus group discussions (n = 4) and key informants interviews (n = 10) were conducted with caregivers (male and female), community leaders, traditional leaders and community coordinators. Thematic analysis identified eight social outcomes: formation and strengthening of relationships (n = 32), becoming role models to community members (n = 23), women empowerment (n = 20), time-saving (n = 17), change of status (n = 12), receiving awards (n = 12), reduced medical costs (n = 11) and obtaining new skills (n = 7). Social capital among caregivers was also found to be high. No negative outcomes from the intervention were reported. WASH interventions have multiple, important, but difficult to quantify social benefits which should be measured, reported and considered in WASH investment decision-making.
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Crann, Sara E., Amanda Jenkins, Deborah M. Money, and Kieran C. O’Doherty. "Women’s genital body work: Health, hygiene and beauty practices in the production of idealized female genitalia." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 510–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517711964.
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Women’s genitalia are constructed as a bodily site requiring ongoing surveillance, maintenance and modification to conform to social norms. Women engage in a range of genital health, hygiene and beauty practices, including the use of commercial and homemade vaginal douches, washes, wipes, sprays and pubic hair removal, to modify their bodies. Using a social constructionist framework, we draw on interviews with 49 Canadian women to examine the construction of idealized (Western) genitalia as hairless, odourless and free of discharge, and “natural” female genitalia as problematic through the mobilization of normative femininity and (hetero)sexuality discourses. Theorizing women’s genital health, hygiene and beauty practices as a form of body work, we examine how women’s genital body work is constructed as a necessary and thus normative practice of femininity undertaken in the pursuit of idealized genitalia. A minority perspective that drew on alternative discourses to construct female genitalia as acceptable irrespective of genital body work is examined. Throughout our analysis, we examine the ways in which women negotiate issues of agency and choice in relation to their genital body work. Implications for women’s health in the context of the vaginal microbiome are explored.
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Mahajan, Tanya. "Imperfect Information in Menstrual Health and the Role of Informed Choice." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (January 18, 2019): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518811169.
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This article explores how imperfect information and the culture of silence around menstruation have shaped the menstrual hygiene product market. It is generally considered that the use of sanitary napkins is equivalent to hygiene. This view is critically evaluated in light of evidence. In a highly competitive market, materials used in sanitary napkin products have evolved significantly. Policymakers and regulators need to be informed about the nature of products entering the Indian market and their implications on women’s health and cost to the environment. The menstrual hygiene market now offers some less-known innovations such as menstrual cups, reusable cloth pads and compostable sanitary napkins that could offer a more sustainable direction to the industry. However, they also have their own barriers to access and use. Given the increasing choice available in the market and potential for accessing information, it has become pertinent that relevant stakeholders—such as women, government officials and the media—are made aware of the basket of options for menstrual hygiene management. Field experiments done to this end indicate that informed choice will automatically ensure that cost to women’s health and the environment is minimised.
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Konovalov, O. E., A. K. Haritonov, and E. E. Zhiltsova. "Medical and social aspects of reproductive behavior and health of residents of Moscow region." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2016425-31.
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The results of the survey 596 women of reproductive age living in the service area of the Moscow Regional Perinatal Center are analyzed in the article. Among the women surveyed 91,2% had a positive attitude toward childbearing and they considered an important condition to create a happy family the presence of children. At that 58,4% of them would like to have in their family of two children and 25,7% - three or more. Only every second woman believes that she has a desired number of children in the family. Has been established that pregnancies in 10,3% cases ended artificial abortion and in 1,9% spontaneous abortion. Reliable differences have been revealed in the frequency of pregnancies depending on the level of education. It was established that with increasing ordinal number of pregnancy reliably reduced the proportion of births a living child. Each tenth of the women surveyed has reported about complications after abortion. 8,9% of respondents have been treated for infertility, 13,0% from the miscarriage. 56,4% of women used protection from pregnancy. With this purpose most often a condom was used and interrupted intercourse.
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Shinde, Saroj, and Neha Wagh. "Understanding the Reproductive Health of Pavement Dwellers in Pune City, Maharashtra." Feminist Research 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.17010104.
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This article analyses the reproductive health problems and health care seeking behaviour of women pavement dwellers in the Pune Municipal Corporation area (India). This study is based on primary information collected from 258 women of reproductive age group. The study shows that about 45 % women have used formal medical facility for deliveries, 56% lactating women were registered and received TT injections, and 34.7% women were covered complete ANC [Antenatal Care]. Many women have complained about the problems related to the reproductive tract diseases like itching, irritation on the reproductive tract and white discharge. Overall occupational and social conditions are negatively affecting their health. Unstable and invisible citizenship makes them inaccessible to public health services and basic facilities like housing, sanitation, personal hygiene and food also.
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Rajasingham, Anu, Janell A. Routh, Anagha Loharikar, Elly Chemey, Tracy Ayers, Andrews W. Gunda, Elizabeth T. Russo, Siri Wood, and Robert Quick. "Diffusion of Handwashing Knowledge and Water Treatment Practices From Mothers in an Antenatal Hygiene Promotion Program to Nonpregnant Friends and Relatives, Machinga District, Malawi." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 39, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18797063.
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Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are essential for preventing diarrheal diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Integrating water treatment and hygiene products into antenatal clinic care can motivate water treatment and handwashing among pregnant women. Free water hygiene kits (water storage containers, sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution, and soap) and refills of water treatment solution and soap were integrated into antenatal care and delivery services in Machinga District, Malawi, resulting in improved water treatment and hygiene practices in the home and increased maternal health service use. To determine whether water treatment and hygiene practices diffused from maternal health program participants to friends and relatives households in the same communities, we assessed the practices of 106 nonpregnant friends and relatives of these new mothers at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At follow-up, friends and relatives were more likely than at baseline to have water treatment products observable in the home (33.3% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.00001) and detectable free chlorine residual in their water, confirming water treatment (35.7% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.00001). Qualitative data from in-depth interviews also suggested that program participants helped motivate adoption of water treatment and hygiene behaviors among their friends and relatives.
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Ryan, Margaret M., Lorraine Dennerstein, and Roger Pepperell. "Psychological Aspects of Hysterectomy." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 4 (April 1989): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.4.516.
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Sixty women aged between 30 and 55 years, having hysterectomy for benign conditions, were prospectively studied to investigate psychological adjustment to operation, and to explore social, psychological and physical factors associated with psychological outcome. A further 30 women were included for prospective research on psychological outcome. Investigations took place within two weeks of operation and after four months and 14 months. The findings indicated a high prevalence of pre-operative psychological morbidity (55%), which reduced to 31.7% afterwards. There was no evidence that hysterectomy led to a greater psychological distress. The principal risk factors of poor psychological outcome were the previous scores on the mental health measures and personality inventory. Involvement in the research process did not appear to affect psychological outcome.
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Mitrokhin, Oleg V., Vladimir A. Reshetnikov, Elena V. Belova, and Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic. "Sanitary and Hygienic Aspects of the COVID-19 Self-isolation." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010734.
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Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation.
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Stepans, Mary Beth Flanders, Susan L. Wilhelm, and Kurt Dolence. "Smoking Hygiene: Reducing Infant Exposure to Tobacco." Biological Research For Nursing 8, no. 2 (October 2006): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800406290643.
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The American Academy of Pediatrics recently removed nicotine from the list of drugs contraindicated during breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of determining the effect of a smoking hygiene intervention on infants of breastfeeding mothers who smoke cigarettes. An experimental design with repeated measures was used. A convenience sample of 35 mother-infant dyads from seven sites was recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Of the 27 dyads completing the study, 16 were in the experimental group and 11 were in the control group. Smoking hygiene was introduced when infants were 2 weeks old and reinforced when they were 3 and 5 weeks old. At these three data points, infant health and urinary nicotine and cotinine levels were measured, as well as the mothers' breast-milk nicotine and cotinine levels and smoking hygiene behaviors. Recruiting and retaining a sample of breastfeeding mothers who smoke proved difficult. Only 27% of women in the intervention group implemented all aspects of the smoking hygiene intervention behaviors. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no difference in a) infant urinary nicotine and cotinine levels or b) breast-milk nicotine and cotinine levels between the two groups. The McNemar test for related samples revealed no difference between frequency of respiratory symptoms in either the control or intervention groups when Week 2 levels were compared with levels at Weeks 3 and 5. Mothers were not successful in adhering to the smoking hygiene intervention. To adequately test interventions, strategies must be developed to help women incorporate health-promoting behaviors into their lives.
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Surbhi and Sarita Anand. "Notes From the Field: Using Grassroots Comics to Break the Silence on Menstruation." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518811175.
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Attaining safe menstrual health has been a challenge in India due to inadequate sanitation infrastructure, inaccessible or unaffordable hygiene products and lack of awareness. This has been further blindsided by myths and misconceptions on religious and cultural grounds. This article is based on a participatory workshop on menstrual hygiene management held with 23 adolescent girls, who were purposively selected from the village Kadampur, in Tilonia District, Rajasthan, a village close to the sanitary napkin production unit of the Barefoot College. 1 The workshop used the concept of grassroots comics to break the silence on menstruation. Girls shared their own experiences of menstruation through comics and used it as an opportunity to ask questions about this biological process, discuss social taboos and learn about menstrual hygiene. A significant increase in knowledge on various aspects of menstruation and menstrual hygiene was observed.
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Varickanickal, Joann, Elijah Bisung, and Susan J. Elliott. "Water risk perceptions across the life-course of women in Kenya." Health Promotion International 35, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz055.
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Abstract Inadequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) exposes many vulnerable populations, especially women and girls, to preventable diseases around the world. This paper reports findings from a photovoice project that explored water-related risk perceptions and health outcomes among women in Nyanchwa, Kenya. Thirteen women in four age categories were recruited for this study in July 2016 using the ‘snowball’ technique. From the results, inadequate access to WaSH was associated with increased water collection burden on women and children; environmental pollution; poor educational outcomes; loss of time due to water collection and poor sanitation infrastructure. Some barriers to change identified include financial barriers and inadequate government support. The identified risks and barriers are important considerations for the design, evaluation and mainstreaming of WaSH programs in resource constrained settings.
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Simão, Maria Odete, Florence Kerr-Corrêa, Ivete Dalben, and Sumaia Inaty Smaira. "Alcoholic women and men: a comparative study of social and familial aspects and outcome." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 24, no. 3 (September 2002): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462002000300005.
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Objective: Alcoholic men-women ratio has ranged from 14:1 to 2:1, suggesting that female alcoholism should be further studied. The purpose of the current study was to compare alcohol dependence severity and treatment outcome between alcoholic men and women. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 114 male and 57 female alcoholics (ICD-10 criteria), who started treatment between 1990 and 1994 at the Botucatu Medical School Outpatient Clinic, were retrospectively and prospectively assessed up to July 1997. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the severity of alcohol dependence was assessed (Short Alcohol Dependence Data -- SADD). Results/Conclusions: The results showed poorly structured families, 55.6% of women and 65.7% of men reported relationship problems and 74.1% of women and 61.1% of men reported domestic violence. When compared to men, women started abusing alcohol later in life (p=0.01) and, usually, with their husbands (p=0.00). The course of treatment did not differ between genders. Regardless of gender, the main factors associated with a better response to treatment were: degree of alcohol dependence severity (mildly and moderately dependent users had 5.59-fold better chances of improvement than those severely dependent), religious practice (2.3-fold better chances of improving) and follow-up length, which was negatively associated with chance of improvement (0.68-fold less chance of improvement than those who remained under shorter treatment).
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Kristensen, Ellids, and Marianne Lau. "Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Long-term social and psychiatric aspects." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 61, no. 2 (January 2007): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039480701226096.
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Kakwani, Jyoti, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Anjana Verma, and Neha Dahiya. "Emerging issues and barriers in access to menstrual hygiene management in a tribal district of India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211267.
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Background: Access to Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) remains a critical challenge to Indian women especially in remote areas. The problem of poor availability, acceptance, and affordability of MHM products is further aggravated by negative social construct and environmental concerns. Poor menstrual hygiene is linked to significant morbidity and mortality due to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and cervical cancer etc.Methods: A campaign “Chuppi Todo” was organized in Udaipur; a tribal district in Rajasthan aiming for menstrual health education of adolescent girls and mothers across public schools through interactive means. During the campaign interviews were conducted by trained field staff with participating girls to elicit perspectives related to menstrual hygiene and feedback of the education sessions.Results: Based on qualitative assesments it was observed that women largely ignore menstrual hygiene or follow old traditional practices. They don’t prefer using modern MHM products like sanitary pads etc owing to the difficulty in their disposal and embarrassment.Conclusions: The present study highlights existing knowledge gaps and barriers in providing universal access to MHM to adolescent girls and women living in remote areas in India.
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Kaur, Rajanbir, Kanwaljit Kaur, and Rajinder Kaur. "Menstrual Hygiene, Management, and Waste Disposal: Practices and Challenges Faced by Girls/Women of Developing Countries." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1730964.
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Menstruation and menstrual practices still face many social, cultural, and religious restrictions which are a big barrier in the path of menstrual hygiene management. In many parts of the country especially in rural areas girls are not prepared and aware about menstruation so they face many difficulties and challenges at home, schools, and work places. While reviewing literature, we found that little, inaccurate, or incomplete knowledge about menstruation is a great hindrance in the path of personal and menstrual hygiene management. Girls and women have very less or no knowledge about reproductive tract infections caused due to ignorance of personal hygiene during menstruation time. In rural areas, women do not have access to sanitary products or they know very little about the types and method of using them or are unable to afford such products due to high cost. So, they mostly rely on reusable cloth pads which they wash and use again. Needs and requirements of the adolescent girls and women are ignored despite the fact that there are major developments in the area of water and sanitation. Women manage menstruation differently when they are at home or outside; at homes, they dispose of menstrual products in domestic wastes and in public toilets and they flush them in the toilets without knowing the consequences of choking. So, there should be a need to educate and make them aware about the environmental pollution and health hazards associated with them. Implementation of modern techniques like incineration can help to reduce the waste. Also, awareness should be created to emphasize the use of reusable sanitary products or the natural sanitary products made from materials like banana fibre, bamboo fibre, sea sponges, water hyacinth, and so on.
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Miller, Arlene Michaels, JoEllen Wilbur, Andrew C. Montgomery, and Peggy Chandler. "Social Role Quality and Psychological Well Being." AAOHN Journal 46, no. 8 (August 1998): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999804600802.
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This study examined relationships among job, partner, and parent role quality and psychological well being in midlife black (n = 51) and white (n = 56) women employed in occupations varying by socioeconomic status (SES). Oversampling for black women ensured balanced occupational representation, allowing investigation uncontaminated by SES. Instruments included Baruch and Barnett's Rewards and Concerns Scales, Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Better well being scores were reported by black women than whites, and by professionals than non-professionals. However, when race, occupational group, and menopausal status were held constant in a multiple regression analysis, partner role quality was significantly related to both well being scores, parent role quality was related to life satisfaction only, and job role quality was not related to either. Nurses in the workplace can help women identify problematic aspects of their multiple social roles, and facilitate resolution of problems to improve worker health.