Dissertations / Theses: 'Women in development – Ghana'

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Solomon, Colette Ursula. "Giving women choices? : development interfaces- women and credit in Tamale, Northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288159.

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Employing an actor-oriented and multi-sited approach, this thesis analyses the policy interfaces between the multiple actors involved in ActionAid's Savings and Credit programme in Tamale, Northern Ghana. It takes as its starting point an interface approach to development interventions, viewing them as mediated by various actors who invariably have different interests and priorities, dissonances and discontinuities inevitably arise between projected and actual outcomes. Interface analysis problematises the notion that development interventions are implemented according to linear blueprints which culminate in projected outcomes, highlighting the agency of actors that transform, undermine and subvert policy and give rise to the host of unacknowledged and unplanned outcomes. Tracking the genesis and implementation of the programme, this study demonstrates how the assumptions which underpinned Act~onAid' s Savings and Credit programme had little resonance in the specific social relations, because they developed and evolved from international development discourses which inevitably neglected context specificity. Through the ethnography of local social relations, the uncertainties and contingencies of everyday life are highlighted, as well as the dynamic ways in which relationships and social obligations were being (re )negotiated. A central concern of this thesis is to analyse the 'interlocking' of the ActionAid's Savings and Credit programme with the different 'projects' of the female programme participants and local fieldworkers in Tamale. Savings and Credit participants integrated the Savings and Credit programme into their lives to produce outcomes that met their particular circumstances, but challenged its assumptions. The way in which fieldworkers undermined and subverted aspects of ActionAid policy, was a reflection of their different realities. Thus, through the agency of the actors involved, ActionAid policy was effectively reconstituted, albeit in unintended and unacknowledged ways. Identifying and analysing the implications of the social and intellectual distance among actors involved in the policy process, the thesis argues for the need for situated ethnographies to set the policy agenda and inform development interventions such as microcredit programmes

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Hartmann, Anne. "Market Women of Northern Ghana within Value Chain Development." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19656.

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Eine geringe Wertschätzung von Zwischenhändlern wie in vielen Entwicklungsländern ist auch in Ghana vorzufinden, was einerseits aus geschichtlichen Gründen aber auch aus Unwissenheit entsteht. Der Bereich der Zwischenhändler ist vorwiegend durch Frauen aus ruralen Gebieten betrieben, die Analphabeten und Autodidakten sind. Der Handel ist auf jeder Ebene organisiert, von den Kommunen über die Distriktstädte, die regionalen Hauptstädte und auch über die Grenzen des Landes hinaus. Die Händlerinnen organisieren damit den Warenfluss von den entlegenen Plätzen der Produktion oder aus dem Ausland, um es zu den Märkten mit der Nachfrage in den Ballungszentren und den großen städtischen Märkten zukommen zu lassen. Nichtsdestotrotz werden bei diversen Programmen der Entwicklungsorganisationen die Händler und vor allem Händlerinnen außen vor gelassen, die Konzentration und Aktivitäten wird auf die Produktion und teilweise auf die Handhabung nach der Ernte fokussiert. Der Wertschöpfungsketten-Ansatz verfolgt jedoch per definitionem alle Akteure in der Kette der Wertschöpfung, allein hierbei fehlen die Händler in der Umsetzung. Die Arbeit soll daher aufzeigen, welche Funktionen die Händlerinnen in den drei ausgewählten Fällen übernehmen und wie somit die Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten optimiert werden und letztendlich die beteiligten Händlerinnen zu einer Verbesserung der Wertschöpfungskette beitragen können.
Trade is a widespread occupation for women in West Africa; such as petty traders that are involved with informal trade mainly. The case in Ghana is different as most of these traders are facing hostile treatment and harassment from many sides. Nevertheless, in development cooperation projects, rural economic development and development of its population is often targeted; whereas solely rural development projects have become projects to support value chains and its stakeholders. These value chains start at agricultural production, further on to processing and altering the raw product until its final condition for sale to the end consumer. The entire value chain deals with many diverse actors in rural and urban areas and also diverse areas of economies, such as micro and small enterprises, and other in private sector or public sector. Therefore, development cooperation dealing with value chain enhancement would address all actors. In Ghana, mainly production side and post-harvest management are dealt with and trade or intermediary trade is circumvented. Some projects openly state that they leave out traders from their interventions in value chains. Most prejudices of this type have derived from historical events and official institutions, also a lack of knowledge. Traders are by contrast those who are coordinating streams of goods from beyond borders to supply to domestic markets and vice versa, manage large quantities for export. The reason that women continue to work in trade is that they barely have alternatives.

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Lambert, Heather. "An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.

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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.
Department of Anthropology

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Kamaldeen, Yakubu Zahrrah. "SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN WOMEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF GHANAIAN WOMEN." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2713.

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The general purpose of this project is two in one; to analyze and assess gender mainstreaming and sustainable women development policies of the two main political parties in Ghana, and to evaluate the contribution of gender biased NGOs to the course of women empowerment in Ghana.

This thesis, by applying the methodological techniques of qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis explores and examines the strength and weakness of the parties’ political manifestoes. It also explores and examines the activities of the NGOs- while evaluating some of projects they have undertaken in the development of Ghanaian women. The paper also offered suggestions that will help to achieve effective sustainable women development when adopted by the political parties and the concerned NGOs.

Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD), the most widely used theoretical frameworks in gender and development studies; provide the conceptual frames for the analysis in this thesis. They are widely applied throughout the analyses of this paper and form the foundation for realizing the aims and objectives of this work.

The conclusion of this paper is able to identify pragmatic measures for ensuring gender mainstreaming and achieving effective affirmative action for Ghanaian women; it calls upon the political parties to exhibit effective commitment to gender mainstreaming by initiating policies that will give women a fair representation and participation in decision making processes in Ghana at all levels.

The women NGOs on the other hand, should depart from over concentration on service provision activities and refocus their programmes and projects toward encouraging and preparing women to enter politics at local, districts and national levels. These measures, as identified by the analyses; are the strongest weapons for achieving effective women empowerment in Ghana

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Armah, Deborah. "Development of guidelines for holistic healthcare interventions for women with infertility in Ghana." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76440.

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In her thesis, Development of guidelines for holistic healthcare interventions for women diagnosed with infertility in Ghana, the promovenda was guided by the philosophy of pragmatism and conducted the research in three phases. Phase I reviewed literature on existing holistic healthcare interventions for infertility in the global context. Phase II included focus group discussions with women with infertility and application of a nominal group technique with healthcare providers. Phase III used an e-Delphi technique to obtain consensus from independent experts. The focus group findings indicated that women with infertility experienced various unmet psychological, social and spiritual healthcare needs. Based on these needs, a group of healthcare providers proposed holistic healthcare interventions for women with infertility. The guidelines, which incorporated the proposed interventions and findings from literature, were refined by a panel of international experts. The research could improve the quality of life for women with infertility if implemented by healthcare providers in Ghana.
Thesis (PhD) - University of Pretoria, 2019.
Nursing Science
PhD
Unrestricted

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Johnson, Lacey. "Understanding the Livelihoods of Women in the Local Foodscape: A Case Study of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18745.

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Women farmers in Accra, Ghana function in spaces that are delineated by gendered social, political and economic structures. It is essential for planners and policymakers to understand the gender dynamics involved, so as not to increase burdens on women's productive and reproductive roles on urban farms. This thesis problematizes the solitary subject of urban women in development, situating them into the context of Accra's urban and peri-urban spaces. My research draws on feminist theory to highlight the intersectionalities of women in Accra and the way that their individual experiences are impacted by homogenous development frameworks. The case study examines the role of urban and peri-urban agriculture in addressing the needs of women farmers in Accra. The findings of this study acknowledge various forms of empowerment and autonomy that women experience as urban farmers in Accra, and they highlight how the hybridity of urban agriculture is challenging mainstream urban development.

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Lain, Jonathan. "Essays on self-employment in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fe67edf-8aac-4de2-b6cd-e60115a95788.

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Informal sectors in developing countries provide a substantial pool of jobs for some of the world's poorest people. Self-employment comprises a large portion of the job opportunities available to individuals working in these sectors. This thesis is concerned with the factors that drive people to become self-employed and determine their welfare as an entrepreneur, with a special emphasis on differences between women and men. In Chapter 1, we explain the Ghanaian context to which this thesis relates and outline the contribution of each main chapter and the common themes. In Chapters 2 and 3, we examine the trade-off between domestic work, such as caring for children and household chores, and market work. In Chapter 2, we consider the extent to which individuals are able to substitute between these two tasks to adjust to short-run variation in domestic productivity brought about by outages in electricity. We find that self-employed workers adjust non-monotonically to changes in domestic productivity, initially increasing their levels of domestic work to preserve consumption levels, but then substituting towards market work when power outages become more severe. We show that this relationship is heterogeneous by sex, and build a model of time allocation to demonstrate the theoretical mechanisms behind these results. In Chapter 3 we examine whether the factors that drive occupational selection differ by sex. It is often argued that women choose jobs in self-employment because this allows them to balance income-generation with childcare and other domestic work. We test the plausibility of this claim and its implications for labour market outcomes. First, we use a simple model of occupational choice to clarify our ideas about which notions of 'job flexibility' are important for the Ghanaian context. Second, we examine whether differential selection forces between women and men may explain the raw sex earnings gaps that appear to persist in various sectors, using a multinomial logit model to adjust for non-random occupational selection. We find that controlling for selection substantially widens the earnings gap amongst the self-employed, but shrinks it for the wage-employed. Third, we interrogate our selection equations and show that domestic obligations increase women's likelihood of entering low-input self-employment jobs more than men. We assess the importance of endogeneity using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator to couch the idea that selection on observables can be used as a guide for selection on unobservables, focussing on the discrete choice made over occupation. In Chapter 4, we turn to theory to try and resolve some of the empirical puzzles that remain from Chapter 3. In particular, we attempt to reconcile the fact that female participation in self-employment is so high even when the average differences in potential earnings are large. To do this, we construct a search model, which allows for individual heterogeneity and participation in both self- and wage-employment, as well as discrimination against female workers in the wage sector. We numerically solve and simulate this model, using calibrations from the existing literature, to explain a set of stylised facts generated from a longitudinal dataset of workers in urban Ghana. We show that wage sector discrimination leads to average earnings gaps in \emph{all} sectors of the economy, even if the underlying ability distribution is the same for both sexes. We also conduct a series of experiments to examine how women and men may be affected differently by government policy. Finally, in Chapter 5 we connect our main findings to policy and make some suggestions for future work.

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Hartmann, Anne [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Gutachter] Bokelmann, and Marc [Gutachter] Boeckler. "Market Women of Northern Ghana within Value Chain Development / Anne Hartmann ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Bokelmann, Marc Boeckler." Berlin : Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175994723/34.

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King, Sylvana Rudith. "The role of urban market trade in local development processes and its implication for policy : a case study of Kumasi Central Market, Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300599.

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Annin, Collins. "From Messages to Voices: Understanding Girls’ Educational Experiences in Selected Communities in the Akuapim South District, Ghana." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1234365460.

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Dinan, Carmel. "The single woman in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23849.

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Pombeiro, Ana Isabel Matias. "Ghana`im em Alepo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16513.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
O seu nome é Alepo. Um território manchado pelo conflito, onde os escombros são o contorno de um quadro de devastação, insalubridade e decadência. Num cenário Pós-Guerra, urge a necessidade de repensar a cidade e reabilitar a sociedade, iniciando-se a reflexão sobre o seu processo de reconstrução física e social. Assim, este é um trabalho que se remete para uma realidade complexa, contínua e interminável, e que se liga a variadas áreas de intervenção, necessárias ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta que restabeleça um quotidiano contextualizado com a sociedade que o pratica. Em pormenor, é selecionada a área da educação e proposto o desenvolvimento de um Equipamento de Ensino Básico, setorizado no público feminino. Conceptualmente, a escolha do desenvolvimento de um equipamento deste cariz (Escola Básica Feminina) marca, para além de um contributo arquitetónico na reconstrução física do território, uma intervenção social dotada de alguma ousadia e inovação, dado o facto de corresponder a uma rutura social e implementação de novos valores. Tal é justificado pela premissa de que até então as mulheres estão proibidas de exercer qualquer tipo de atividade intelectual e, portanto, estudar. Pretende-se assim clarificar, o ‘Papel Social’ que a arquitetura detém no seu exercício e na responsabilidade acrescida de contribuição com duplo sentido: formação de uma nova imagem da cidade e melhoramento do contexto social que nela habita. Contextualizada com a realidade local, surge o segundo conceito estudado, ‘Arquitetura de Emergência’, que se traduz na resposta rápida, não necessariamente imediata, à necessidade de abrigo ou habitação de caracter provisório, alvo para populações vítimas de catástrofes (naturais ou não), como é exemplo este conflito político-social. Compreende ainda, a utilização de materiais locais, de baixo custo e tecnologia, preferencialmente reutilizados. Forma-se assim, a primeira diretriz técnica na estratégia adotada para o delineamento da proposta. Por fim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos a reflexão da vertente Social do exercício arquitetónico no melhoramento das dinâmicas humanas, e a aplicação de um conceito direcionado para a reutilização e procura de opções exequíveis num cenário resiliente, mas com baixas capacidades de reação à extrema necessidade de reconstrução, a "Arquitetura de Emergência".
ABSTRACT: In a city destroyed by war, where the debris shape a scene of devastation, insalubrity and decay, arises the need to rethink the city, considering a post-war situation, and to begin the reconstruction process. This is a project that covers a complex, continuous and endless reality that connects with several intervention areas, which must be under the context of this society daily life. It is based in the education theme, targeting in a more specific level the female students. In a conceptual level an infrastructure of this nature (Female Primary School), gives not only an architectural contribution to the physical reconstruction of the territory, but also imprints a bold an innovative social intervention, disrupting the social rules with new values in a society where, until now, women were not allowed to exercise any intellectual activity, in this case studying. It is intended to clarify that architecture can have a social role and can contribute to the creation of a new image for a city and its social context. Under the actual situation of the city, a second concept must be studied, “Emergency Architecture”, which can be translated as the fast reply (but not immediate), to the need of shelter or temporary housing in case of a catastrophe, like a political/social conflict. It includes the use of local materials that can be low cost and low technology and preferably reusable. This is how the strategical line of thought of this project was created. Resuming, the project idea is to consider the importance of architecture in the improvement of human dynamics, using local means and options that work in a resilient scenario, while applying the concept of “Emergency Architecture”.
N/A

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Ofori, Dei Samuel Mantey, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Health Sciences. "Contextual and individual level determinants of breast cancer screening intention among women in Ghana." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3427.

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Steady increases in breast cancer burden have recently been observed in Ghana. Despite the low incidence of the disease compared with other African countries, breast cancer deaths are high in this West African country. However, the uptake of breast cancer screening programs remains extremely low among Ghanaian women. Using a mixed methods approach comprising quantitative surveys and focus groups interviews, this study examined the influences of individual and contextual level factors on Ghanaian women’s intention to perform breast self-examination or undergo clinical breast examination and mammography screening. The results suggest that health beliefs, knowledge, and sociodemographic, cultural and health system factors individually and collectively influence intentions towards breast cancer screening. These findings highlight the need for health education interventions to promote breast cancer screening programs, while addressing systemic, psychosocial, and cultural barriers to screening.
viii, 187 leaves ; 29 cm

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Ofosu-Mireku, John. "Women in science and technology in Ghana, why so few?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ56815.pdf.

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Atumah, Oscar Nwagbo. "Witchcraft: a Targeted Societal Discrimination Against Women in Northern Ghana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407752/.

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A combination of aging and poverty is becoming dominant in African society today, at a time when African countries are expected to be recovering from poverty, and are projected to house the economic growth of the next century. The emergence of aging in African context and the aging of the world population will expose the weakness of the current mechanisms used for older people around the world. As economies grow around the world, the distribution gap between the affluent and the poor widens, and the constant struggles for wealth, power, and social status, amidst scarce resources, continue to be sustained. To remain in charge of economic resources, the powerful few devise means to disenfranchise the weak, and witchcraft accusation is one of such tools used in Northern Ghana today. A new wave of witchcraft accusation has caught the attention of many in Northern Ghana. These victims with certain socioeconomic characteristics appear helpless and without defense against such accusations. As a result, they suffer untold hardships and are often compelled to leave their homes and to reside in camps reserved for witches. This study was undertaken to identify those sociodemographic characteristics, which are commonly shared by witchcraft accusation victims. These sociodemographic characteristics can be used to predict those who are most likely to be discriminated against using accusations of witchcraft in Northern Ghana. As age places more strain on existing systems and as more people survive into old age with inadequate healthcare, more accusations may be predicted to occur against the elderly, unless enough government intervention is used to address the present redistribution of income in third world countries.

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Owusu, Francis Yaw Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Regional inequality in development and migration in Ghana." Ottawa, 1992.

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Mensah, Gwendolyn Patience. "Best practice guideline for the nursing management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus in military health institutions in Ghana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14036.

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Pregnancy is a normal physiological process for the majority of women. These women, their families and significant others normally expect a successful period of pregnancy, labour, delivery and arrival of a normal and healthy baby. However, some of these pregnant women may develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during this period and if not managed properly, the mother and the foetus in utero are affected in a negative way: there is a likelihood of the mother and baby developing Type 2 Diabetes in the future and also, other risks such as preterm labour, and foetal macrosomia. In order to prevent such occurrences, I set out to develop a best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM in military health institutions in Ghana in order to help enhance nursing care. The design for this research was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The research is organised in three phases: Phase one deals with the data analysis and discussion of the interviews with professional nurses and midwives and women with a history of GDM. The data collected from the interviews were transcribed, analysed and extracted with Tesch’s eight steps of coding used for the coding. The services of an independent coder were employed to assist with the coding process which led to the formulation of key themes. Semi-structured individual interviews provided a means of exploring the perceptions of professional nurses and midwives on the nursing management of GDM: in addition, women with a history of GDM were interviewed so as to elicit their views on the management they had experienced from professional nurses and midwives before and after being diagnosed with GDM. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s framework of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability and authenticity. An independent coder assisted with the coding process. Phase two deals with the Integrative literature review of available evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the nursing management of GDM. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines were searched and appraised with assistance from an independent appraiser and themes were then formulated. In Phase three, the themes from Phase one and Phase two were integrated for the development of a draft best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM in military health institutions in Ghana. The draft guideline was given to an expert panel of reviewers for their comments and recommendations. These were considered in the development of the final best practice guideline for the nursing management of GDM.

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Akoto, O. A. "Public policy and agricultural development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355243.

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Gyogluu, Sarah. "Planning and development of mining towns in Ghana: an exploration of mining and urban development frameworks and practices." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1446.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University Of Technology 2013
Ghana has had a long history of mining especially with respect to gold, dating back to the Trans-Saharan Trade where gold precipitated civilisations and was a main commodity of trade among Europeans, merchants and ancient kingdoms. In the 21st century, globalisation coupled with increasing urbanisation has been driving demand for mineral resources and thus the resurging commodity booms. This increases foreign direct investment (FDI) in mining countries like Ghana resulting in not only growth in gross domestic product (GDP) but impacts that transcend macro-level and have direct and indirect impacts on communities in mining regions. The result is often that livelihoods are altered, spin-offs on the local economy emerge and the attendant settlement functions impact on the efficacy of existing mining and development planning and regulatory frameworks. Tarkwa is one of Ghana’s traditional gold mining towns and is the substantive context of the research. The main objectives of the research were:  To identify the existing key mining and development planning regulations, gaps present and how these have impacted on the efficacy of governments management practices in responding to consequences of mining-led development.  To analyse the urban household’s perceptions of mining impacts on livelihoods, business enterprises and livelihood coping strategies and mechanisms.  To assess the implications of these emerging planning and development frameworks and trends for the effective planning and development of mining towns in Ghana The highlights of the findings of the research in relation to the above objectives included:  The research revealed that urban households’ perception of mining on their livelihoods was mixed. One of the perceived negative impacts of mining that stuck out from overall responses was scarcity of land for purposes of farming and building.  With respect to coping with mining impacts, respondents largely employed a combination of assets to survive the mining environment. However, respondents’ dependence on human capital-that is, their ability to work and generate income underpinned all livelihoods capitals.  Over 96 percent of business enterprises, perceived purchasing power of people and related available or potential market as the most positive spin-off from mining yet. The informal economy was dominant in terms of business enterprise ownership with informal trading as the most principal form of business enterprise in the informal economy. The research findings have significant meaning within the broad context of mining-led urban development and with implications for theory, the development and planning for resource-driven settlements (practice) and for further research. For example, with regard to development and planning practice, some glaring challenges include the lack of a proper land management system, “superiority” of some institutions (mine houses)in dealing with the Town and Planning Department and Municipal Assembly, lack of effective collaboration between related institutions, gaps in planning legislations make planning near impossible in Tarkwa. The effect being that Tarkwa is growing (spatially to accommodate businesses and people coming in) but without an effective and responsive development planning system to effectively channel and coordinate this growth so that long term development is sustained. The study concludes and recommends that, there is need for a rethink in the way mining towns are planned for and developed in Ghana and should include: a review of the Minerals and Mining law (Act 703) to engender more rights and protection to the communities, a constant review of concession and other agreements to reflect a constantly changing world order, institutional collaboration for planning and development, and long term planning which synchronises spatial and economic planning to capture advantages of agglomeration in and around the Tarkwa mining region.

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Pappoe, Matilda Ethel. "Household participation in health development : some determining factors." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41220.

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This dissertation has explored the problem of a yawning gap between policy and the implementation of lay participation in health development activities in Ghana, using data from 577 households in 22 rural communities.
A Health Systems model has been applied to data, to explain relationships and four sets of variables--household need for health services, predisposing attributes, participatory patterns, enabling factors--on household use of available health facilities and services.
Overall, results indicate a complex interdependence of factors which influence modern health services use. A multiple regression procedure identifies the presence of children under 5 years, the household's perception of its influence in the community, household participation in community health-related activities, household socio-economic and educational levels, to be significantly related to services use. Results suggest that Need for services is Not a sufficient condition for the Use of available health services.

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Owusu, Evelyn Tawiah. "Women, sexual rights and HIV in the Kumasi metropolitan area of Ghana." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1527.

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This study is about women, HIV/AIDS and sexual rights in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area in Ghana. The study aimed at discovering the factors that undermine women’s ability to negotiate safe sex and consequently become exposed to HIV infection and the subsequent stigmatisation and discrimination.

The study applied ideas generated mainly from the theories of risk, stigmatisation and discrimination and feminist geography to explain its findings. However, some ideas were also utilised from the empowerment approach. Of particular importance is that concepts like worry, risk perception, risk assessment, risk tolerance, risk optimisation, risk reduction, stigma, discrimination, gender inequality, gender identity and gender relations were applied in the interpretation of the findings.

The study focused mainly on women within the age group of 20 to 39. They included women whose HIV/AIDS status are not known, prostitutes, and HIV/AIDS positive women. In addition, the study included a few men within similar age group, key informants and stakeholders. A total number of 111 informants participated in the study. 80 women were selected for the questionnaire survey using semi-random sampling by age and sex and the remaining informants were purposely sampled. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data collection and data analysis. Methods used for collecting primary data include questionnaire, in-depth interview, and direct observation. Secondary data were also collected from documentary sources. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods were used.

The study revealed that gender inequality in HIV/AIDS persists in the study area. It further reveals that most women are worried for contracting HIV. Also it found out that women have higher perception about HIV and this has influence on their behaviour. However, there is exceptional case where some women with high perception about HIV still engage in risky behaviour. The study also reveals that HIV risk tolerance is generally high at both the local and national level. Caution was revealed as the most preferred measure for risk reduction. Low income or low economic status was revealed as the most important factor undermining women’s inability to negotiate for safe sex. Most women also favour that women are given some form of control over their sex. Furthermore, the study reveals that gender inequality which is evident through biological, economic, socio-cultural and political subordination of women make them vulnerable to HIV, stigmatisation and discrimination.

The study recommends measure such as expanding women’s access to sexual and reproductive health, expanding public education programmes, promoting and protecting women’s right, empowering women, giving women access to antiretroviral treatment and political commitment for reducing women’s vulnerability to HIV, stigmatisation and discrimination.

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Amoyaw, Benjamin K. B. "The hinterland concept and port development in Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ45021.pdf.

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Barnes, Willie. "Teachers' participation in community development activities in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289236.

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Teachers are being encouraged in Ghana to facilitate local level development. No attempt has however been made to explore their views, concerns and expectations regarding such involvement, nor the impact that this could have on their role as teachers and their status in the community, nor on the community's own participation in the school. The research examined these issues, alongside the type of development activities engaged in by teachers and their motivation for doing so. The study focused on teachers working in deprived areas across eight regions of Ghana. It involved a combination of quantitative and qualitative strategies. The former enabled the systematic gathering of standardised questionnaire data, using both closed and open ended items, from 324 practising teachers and 380 teacher trainees. The latter involved semi structured interviews and informal discussions with 24 teachers, 10 local residents from one village, 10 educational administrators and five college tutors. Focus group discussions were also held with eight groups of teacher trainees. One teacher was used to illustrate an example of a classroom teacher who is actively involved in community work. Content analysis of the Daily Graphic provided both quantitative and qualitative data. The qualitative aspect of the study was used to pursue other interesting lines of enquiry that was revealed through the initial analysis of the questionnaires. Data from the teacher questionnaire and interviews showed that teachers are involved in both voluntary and compulsory communal activities, paid and unpaid, and many teachers are in leadership or supervisory positions. In contrast it was observed that teachers have few school responsibilities apart from their normal classroom teaching. The reasons for their involvement in communal activities rather than in school activities are explored in the study. Evidence is provided to show that on the one hand teacher involvement in community activities contributes to the provision of basic amenities in a community and can also impact positively on schooling. On the other hand it can lead to teacher absenteeism and lateness and bring about a conflict between some teachers and local residents. Despite reservations and problems, educational administrators and local residents endorsed teachers' participation and reports suggest that in some villages, residents actively encouraged teachers. Based on the evidence suggesting that teacher involvement in community work is good for the community, the school and teachers themselves, there are arguments in support of this involvement. Firstly, there are lessons to be learnt that could be translated to the schools. For example the leadership skills of teachers within the community can be used to provide effective school leadership. Secondly, it may allow the gap between schools and their communities to be bridged. Thirdly, it may encourage greater participation by the community in education as a reciprocal gesture. Finally teachers appear to benefit both directly and indirectly from this involvement. The recommendations suggest that potential negative effects on schooling could be lessened if teachers' community activities are better organised and effectively managed and trainee teachers exposed to more practical work. The study describes how trainees could be predisposed to events, experiences and encounters to gain the needed practical exposure and organisational skills. It also mentions ways in which the school should be brought closer to the community as a strategy to assist teachers to fulfil their dual role. Further research should include an investigation of teachers' involvement in community activities in urban settings to enable comparison with teachers in rural areas, and a closer analysis of the impact of such involvement on schooling in general and classroom activities in particular.

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Acheampong, Eric. "District assemblies and participatory rural development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336434.

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Alhassan, Amin. "Development communication policy and economic fundamentalism in Ghana /." Finland : Tampere University Press, 2004. http://acta.uta.fi/pdf/951-44-6023-5.pdf.

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Originally presented as author's Thesis (doctoral--University of Tampere, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication).
Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-235). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://acta.uta.fi/pdf/951-44-6023-5.pdf.

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Reason, Letitia L. "Cultural evolutionary processes and the transmission of attitudes toward female genital cutting among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6523.

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Asmah, Ruby. "Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in Ghana." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/461.

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The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.

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Konan, Emma Roselyne Mrs. "Epidemiology of Adiposity in Childbearing Ghanaian Women." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/138.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adiposity (overweight and obesity) is increasing in among Ghanaian women. The disparity between urban and rural Ghanaian women in adiposity is seldom described due to data paucity. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparative analysis between urban and rural women in regards to the socio-demographic factors associated with adiposity. METHODS: The analyses used cross-sectional data from the Ghana Demographic Health Survey involving child bearing women ages14 to 49 years old. The eligible population comprised 4848 non-pregnant women (2023 from urban and 2825 from rural areas). Residence-specific (urban versus rural) associations between selected independent variables and adiposity were quantified using odds ratios from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to describe the variables that were best predictors of adiposity. RESULTS: The overall crude prevalence of overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30kg/m2) were 40% and 18% in urban and rural areas, respectively. There was a positive statistically significant difference between urban and rural women with respect to the distribution of overweight as well as obese (p<.001). Result from the univariate models showed that among rural and urban resident women, older age, higher education, higher wealth, and lack of job was each associated with increased odds of overweight. Compared to Akan women, being of other ethnic group was associated with decreased odds of overweight in women of urban and rural settings. Lack of fruits consumption and Muslim religion were each associated with increased odds of overweight in women who live in rural settings. Consumption of less than 5 fruits in a day was associated with decreased odds of overweight in urban resident women. For urban and rural resident women, wealth index and age were the best predictors for overweight. Older age, higher education, higher weight index, lack of jobs and being other than Akan ethnicity were each associated with increased odds of obesity in urban and rural settings. Compared to married women, being unmarried was associated with increased odds of obesity in urban and rural women. Wealth index was the best predictor variable of obesity in urban women. older age, education, wealth index, having a job, and fruit consumptions were the best predictors of obesity in rural women. CONCLUSION: Adiposity was more prevalent in urban living women compare to women who reside in rural areas. This finding is critical for planning effective adiposity control in Ghana. Proving education for Ghana women may enhance their wealth and knowledge about adiposity.

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Bailey, Claire Elizabeth. "Three papers on side effects and modern contraceptive use among women in Ghana." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/166579/.

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This thesis investigates the issue of side effects and how they may act as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptive methods among women in Ghana. Three papers are presented each addressing the issue using different sources of data and different methodologies. The disparate nature of the data sources and techniques used provides each paper with its own perspective on the research question and each paper gives a unique insight into the topic. The aim of the first paper is to use a qualitative focus group methodology to explore in-depth the way individuals perceive information about family planning. The study seeks to better define what is meant by the term fear of side effect in this particular social context and to determine on what information and from what sources is this fear constructed. Overall the findings of this study show that fear of side effects does act as a significant barrier to the use of temporary methods and these fears result mainly from a large amount of negative information regarding side effects being passed through the social network. However the events being recounted cannot be dismissed as myth or rumour as they are most often based in real experiences. The second paper uses monthly data on contraceptive use and the experience of side effects from the calendar section of a longitudinal survey of women in Southern Ghana. Using life tables and a multi-level logistic discrete-time hazards model this study analyses contraceptive discontinuation and how it relates to the concurrent self-reported experience of side effects. The results show that experiencing side effects is associated with a higher probability of discontinuation of the method and that counselling from health workers is extremely important in minimizing discontinuation rates. The third paper uses a sub-sample of women who are not current contraceptive users from the 2003 GDHS. The study uses multiple logistic regression to determine the association between exposure to family planning information, through mass media and interpersonal channels, and the probability that a respondent will cite fear of side effects as their main reason for not intending to use a contraceptive method in the future. The results show that the only family planning communication variable which does have a significant effect is receiving a message from a health worker which increases the odds of fear of side effects being the main reason for not intending to use a method in the future. Overall the socio-economic characteristics of those not intending to use a method in the future due to a fear of side effects is more similar to current users than to those who are not intending to use in the future for other reasons.

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Blankson, Faustina Hayford. "THE USE OF HEALTH SERVICES IN GHANA: EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES OF GHANAIAN WOMEN." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1339.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation investigated Ghanaian women’s perspectives and experiences in their use of health services. The Social Ecological Model was used to guide the study. Focused Ethnographic strategy was employed for this study with focus group approach as the primary data collection. Participants for the study consisted of women who were 18 years and older and living in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolitan area in the western region of Ghana. Participants included a proportional representation of educated and non-educated; those with health insurance and those without; women with children and without children. As indicated by Skolnik (2016), “One’s health does depend on access to appropriate health care services even if you are born healthy or not” (p.21). Since being able to receive appropriate health care services is very important, the outcome of the study will enable health professionals as well as government officials, to develop appropriate programs to address these issues the women face when seeking health care services.

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Ahuja, Manik, Esther Frimpong, Joy Okoro, Rajvi Wani, and Sarah Armel. "Risk and Protective Factors for Intention of Contraception Use among Women in Ghana." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8846.

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The use of various forms of contraception in Ghana gained prominence after the government resorted to investing more in family planning programs when maternal mortality was declared an emergency in the country. In Ghana, the intention to use and actual usage of contraceptives is influenced by many factors, which may lead to non-usage or discontinuation. This quantitative study was conducted to determine risk and protective factors impacting on the intention and usage of contraceptives. Survey data from the Ghana 2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (n = 9396) was used. A sub-sample of 7661 women in their reproductive age were included in this study, who reported being sexually active within the last year. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between a broad range of risk and protective factors including religion, early sexual intercourse, frequency of sex, number of lifetime sexual partners with intention to use contraception. We controlled for income, educational attainment, and age. Overall (n = 3661; 47.8%) reported no intention of contraception use. Logistic regression analysis revealed that no formal education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29–1.72; p < 0.001), and primary school as highest educational level (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25; p < 0.001), Islamic religion (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.90; p < 0.001), not currently employed (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.34–1.69; p < 0.001), husband opposing contraception use (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.42–3.46; p < 0.001), and currently pregnant (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09–1.54; p < 0.001) were also positively associated with no intention of use. Engaging religious leaders for advocacy in the community was identified as an approach to address barriers and increase awareness on contraceptive use. Targeted family planning programs should intensify public education on safe sex behaviors.

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Boateng, Samuel. "POPULAR MUSIC IN GHANA: WOMEN AND THE CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER AND SEXUALITY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1466179979.

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Rudnick, Kyla Ruth. "Constraints at the bottom of a global commodity chain the case of shea butter in northern Ghana /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/K_Rudnick_050109.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 28, 2009). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-103).

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Adusah-Karikari, Augustina. "Experiences of Women in Higher Education: A Study of Women Faculty and Administrators in Selected Public Universities in Ghana." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1210704502.

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35

Mahama, Callistus. "Institutional and legal arrangements for land development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431371.

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Botchwey, Gabriel Kofi Akomanyi. "Intersections in community development and decentralisation : experiences from Ghana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558794.

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This study examines intersections in community development and decentralisation. Democratic decentralisation programmes have been interpreted as tackling voicelessness and powerlessness. They are therefore seen as an important dimension of political development, by giving voice to the voiceless, empowering the powerless and enabling them to participate in their governance. Critical community development also involves giving a more effective voice to groups and interests who are hardly heard, to articulate their concerns and get them addressed. Ghana introduced democratic decentralisation reforms in 1988, but, after some decades of implementation, have local populations acquired a more effective voice, and have they been able to translate that voice into power in order to change conditions that they consider to be unacceptable and unfair? The study examines these issues in the context of rural communities' struggles over environmental pollution; land, mining and forestry problems. Findings reveal that some voice has been granted to local populations under Ghana's decentralisation programme. However, the voice does not carry adequate power to change conditions that local populations consider unacceptable, exposing a gap between voice and power. Reasons that account for this gap include upward orientation of accountability systems and reporting lines towards central government, information gaps that hamper engagement of local populations with State institutions and other organisations, and lack of legislation that protects the interests of local populations. The study therefore reveals that representation at decision-making arenas does not necessarily translate into influence over decisions made. The findings also show that critical community development has greater likelihood to impact favourably on the democratic project than top-down decentralisation, in terms of collective action for social change. Furthermore, the findings indicated that effective local organising is required to achieve better outcomes from struggles with powerful opponents such as corporations and State institutions.

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Ofori, Eric Kwasi. "Development of quality standards for diagnostic imaging in Ghana." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511043.

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38

Mahama, Edward Salifu. "The role of language in development in northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414579.

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Obeng, Bernard Acquah. "Business development services and small business growth in Ghana." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1962/.

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de, la Gorgendiere Louise. "Education and development in Ghana : an Asante village study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272481.

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Salia, Samuel. "The impact of microfinance on microenterprise development in Ghana." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705168.

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Poverty has adverse impact on economic growth, human dignity and wellbeing. Therefore, experiments with microloans to tackle financial exclusion and underinvestment have positive implications for development economic theory and practice. However, drawing on microfinance analysis, often, the three dimensions of microfinance impact-poverty, empowerment and microenterprise development are evaluated together (Hermes and Lensink, 2011; Duvendack and Palmer-Jones, 2012; and Banerjee, et al., 2013). Ledgerwoods (1999) have argued that this recurring theme in impact studies in Ghana shows the existing evaluations and outcomes have lumped microfinance impact (Annim et al., 2008 and; Adjei and Arun, 2009). Moreover, Karlan and Goldberg (2007) suggested that investigating the impact of microfinance on each of the above elements independently is desirable as it enables policy makers to develop more targeted policy tools. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between provision of microfinance services and microenterprise development. This is an empirical study that is carried out using 134 structured questionnaires, 19 semi-structured interviews (Microfinance Institution (MFI) -9 and Microenterprises-10). The research findings suggest there is a significant relationship between provision of microfinance and positive outcomes of microenterprise projects. However, pre-loan induction, conception and nurturing of enterprise ideas and developing their self-esteem are critical for the success of microenterprise activities. The study results have significant positive implications for the wider literature that suggests microfinance aid microenterprise development and promotes human dignity (Karnani, 2007). Furthermore, the study proposes a conceptual model for the development of microfinance and increase of micro-entrepreneurial activities for the poor.

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Aidoo, Raphael. "The impact of philanthropy in rural development in Ghana." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-philanthropy-in-rural-development-in-ghana(67cd3621-28cd-4f30-926f-0a54f0345800).html.

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This thesis is about how the philanthropy of individual foreigners is having an impact on rural development in Ghana. There is an important history of philanthropy as a source of resources for the alleviation of poverty and to contribute to development. Decentralisation of power in many developing countries, which began in the late 1980s, has meant that many village communities are increasingly in charge of their own destinies. In Ghana, one approach which rural communities are pursuing is the acquisition of capital for development through vertical philanthropy - where resources flow from the rich to the poor. Rural communities in Ghana are identifying foreign philanthropists who can inject financial capital into the village to initiate development. In addition, they are also invited to be involved in that ‘development’ by leading the development process. A key leadership position of development chiefs and queens has been created for them. This thesis evaluates the contribution of this new form of philanthropy to the wellbeing and livelihoods of rural communities through primary research in Ghanaian villages and with foreign development chiefs and queens. The study is framed with reference to theories about philanthropy and the practices of rural development, in particular the significance of community participation. The cultural implications and contestations about opting for foreign leadership in village-level development are also investigated. Its findings are that this new approach can yield important net benefits for rural people but outcomes are influenced by the interactions between the three main stakeholders involved in the concept – the philanthropists, the traditional leadership and the people. Issues related to leadership and participation proved to be of key significance.

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Godwyll, Ebenezer Francis. "Development and evaluation of diagnostically supported teaching strategies to reduce school failure in Ghana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968373348.

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Boakye-Agyei, Kwame. "Fostering civic engagement stakeholder participation in rural projects in Ghana /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4543.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 233. Thesis director: Susan Crate. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-232). Also issued in print.

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Masa-ud, Abdul Gafar Abubakar. "Crowding-out Of Household Expenditure By Tobacco In Ghana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31620.

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This paper examines whether other expenditure in Ghanaian households is crowded out by expenditure on tobacco over the period under study (2005/2006 and 2012/2013) and whether the magnitude of crowding-out over the period has been changed by the introduction of the tobacco control law in July, 2012. The paper uses household survey data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey in the years 2005/2006 and 2012/2013. A system of quadratic conditional Engel curves was estimated for a set of eleven groups of commodities for both periods. The results show a crowding-out of food, alcohol, clothing and transport and a crowding-in of furnishings, health and communication expenditure by tobacco. The magnitude of crowding-in and crowding-out declined over the period under study. The tobacco control law of 2012 was positively associated with a reduction in the prevalence rate of tobacco use among households, and a reduction in household budget share allocation to tobacco.

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Brunner, Lauren M. "Sport and gender roles : a viewpoint from Liberian adolescent girls in Ghana /." Click here to view full text, 2007.

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Wurah-Norgbey, Enyonam. "Women in Science and Technology in Higher Education in Ghana: Policy Environments and Experiences." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39669.

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In the current era of globalization, knowledge-based innovations are critical for socio-economic development. In most African countries, however, the level of African-based research and development is minuscule. In addition, there continues to be a considerable gender gap in higher education throughout Africa, where male enrolments far outweigh female enrolments, particularly in the science and technology (S&T) fields. This gender discrepancy has raised concerns about the factors that underlie reduced female enrolment in S&T programs in African universities. Equally intriguing, in view of the relative scarcity of women in the S&T fields, there is surprisingly little knowledge concerning the attributes and the experiences of those African women who do enrol and teach in S&T fields, and who thus can serve as role models for younger girls who have an interest or the potential for pursuing studies in these fields. In Ghana, although policy initiatives have been undertaken to increase women’s participation in higher education, women remain underrepresented in science and technology (S&T) fields, particularly, at the graduate education level. To gain a better understanding of how some women have overcome longstanding obstacles to gender equality in S&T, my dissertation focused on the evolving status of 24 African women in three S&T graduate education programs – Africa Centres of Excellence (ACE) – in two universities in Ghana. To shed light on the factors that facilitate or hinder women’s participation in S&T graduate programs, a qualitative inquiry, into the experiences and perceptions of these women was undertaken. The conceptual framework presents the sequence of three approaches: (a) advocacy to raise consciousness about underlying gender-disparity issues; (b) a gender-affirmative-action approach to recruit and train a critical mass of female scientists and researchers; and (c) promotion of gender mainstreaming as a way of bringing gender perspectives into the universities’ cultures. This framework has been complemented by the structuration theory that has been useful in illuminating the experiences and perceptions of the women in the S&T ACE graduate programs in Ghana. These conceptual and theoretical frameworks have helped elucidate how the development and effective implementation of gender policies and procedures can lead to the transformation of institutional, social and global structures. Structures in turn can impact women’s agency and help overcome gender disparity in S&T higher education. The analysis of the women’s stories provided insights into the intersection of gender, socio-cultural factors, organizational cultures, and how gendered challenges impacted the professional aspirations of the women academics in the two public universities studied in Ghana. Beyond a better understanding of women’s experiences, this study helps us understand gender inequalities and the societal norms and practices, as well as patriarchal forces that permeate societies and impose structural barriers to women’s advancement. The study also helps to address a major research gap concerning the forces that affect, for better or worse, women’s experiences and potential academic contributions in S&T in Ghana and elsewhere in the world and adds to the broader literature on women’s experiences in male-dominated fields.

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Bowles, Laurian Rebekah. "WIDENING THE LENS: EMBODIMENTS OF GENDER, WORK AND MIGRATION WITH MARKET WOMEN IN GHANA." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/114250.

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Anthropology
Ph.D.
Women have legendary roles as traders who financially dominate the sale of various market goods in West Africa. Head porters are young women from Ghana's rural northern region who work as human transporters in the various markets in urban areas throughout the country. Kayayei (female head porters) who work at these famed markets are the focus of this dissertation. The north of Ghana is the agricultural breadbasket of the country, with strong Islamic influences that thrive in dispersed, mostly rural ethnic enclaves. This contrasts sharply with the service manufacturing and trade economies that mark Christian influenced southern Ghana. As young women migrants arrive in Accra, this dissertation focuses on narratives of head porters as they confront the multi-ethnic, hierarchical social climates of the city, particularly Accra's largest shopping venue, Makola Market. This dissertation uses theories in phenomenology, informed by feminist anthropology, to consider the political economy of Ghana in order to examine how head porter's lives are grounded with the development history and the spread of capitalism in the nation-state. Throughout this dissertation, attention is given to the widespread informalization of the economy in the nation-state and the role of head porters in these processes. Using a methodology of collaborative photography with kayayei, this dissertation examines the politics of visibility and analyzes the kinds of skills these women develop in order to survive and negotiate the socio-economic hierarchies of urban space. By situating the theoretical and methodological concerns of this research within the social realities of rural-urban migrants, this dissertation explores migration as a sensibility that acts upon various social terrains at markets in Accra, Ghana.
Temple University--Theses

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Afoakwah, Georgina. "Exploring the lived experiences of first-time breastfeeding women : a phenomenological study in Ghana." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-the-lived-experiences-of-firsttime-breastfeeding-women-a-phenomenological-study-in-ghana(55889707-3dba-48f4-85e2-edd49ad95246).html.

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Background: Breastfeeding is globally recognised as a gold standard of nutrition, recommended for the first six months of an infant’s life. Despite its benefits, most women in Ghana do not breastfeed, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Aim: To gain in-depth understanding of first-time Ghanaian mother lived experience of breastfeeding. Design/Method: A longitudinal qualitative design was adopted, underpinned by the hermeneutic phenomenological approach, as described by van Manen (1990). The study explored the lived experiences of thirty first-time women recruited from antenatal clinic. A series of three semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted; the first in late pregnancy, the second in the first week following childbirth and the final one between four and six months postpartum. Findings: Inductive thematic analysis informed by van Manen (1990) and principles of hermeneutic interpretation allowed the emergence of four main themes: the ‘Breastfeeding Assumption,' Breastfeeding as Women’s Business,’ the Postnatal Experience of Breastfeeding and ‘Family as Enabler or Disabler’. Within the context of this study, breastfeeding is expressed as an activity within the family and social environment. The overall phenomenon that emerged was ‘Social Conformity’. This demonstrates an understanding of the breastfeeding experience suffused with emotions as women project an image of themselves as successful breast feeders in order to conform to family and social expectations. Conclusion: Findings from the study demonstrated the multifactorial dimensions of breastfeeding. Most importantly, it was identified that first-time breastfeeding women use emotion work to cope with their experience of breastfeeding, within the social context. It was suggested that midwives play a pivotal role in helping women develop realistic expectations prior to breastfeeding. Furthermore encouraging family centered education that promotes holistic support for women. The findings therefore suggested the need for better antenatal education based on evidence-based practice. Breastfeeding women require individualised support that assesses their emotional needs and offers encouragement. Developing policies that ensure training of midwives and breastfeeding advocates was recommended. Future research could explore the impact of these interventions on breastfeeding practices, helping first time women to breastfeed effectively.

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Furat, Mina. "Rural Development And Women." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615576/index.pdf.

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This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquo
s empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo
s organizations (two women&rsquo
s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo
s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as
psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women in development – Ghana'

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