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Journal articles on the topic 'Women in development – Ghana'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Madsen, Diana Højlund. "Gender, Power and Institutional Change – The Role of Formal and Informal Institutions in Promoting Women’s Political Representation in Ghana." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618787851.

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The article explores the role of formal and informal institutions in influencing the representation of women in the two major political parties in Ghana – NDC (National Democratic Congress) and NPP (New Patriotic Party) – as well as the small party CPP (Convention People’s Party). Paradoxically, with its first president, Kwame Nkrumah (CPP), Ghana was one of the first countries in Africa to introduce a quota in 1959, reserving ten seats for women in Parliament. With a representation of 11% women after the election in 2012 and 13% after the election in 2016, however, Ghana has not been part of the positive development on the continent. Drawing on the body of literature on feminist institutionalism, the article explores the dynamics of power and change relating to the low representation of women in politics in Ghana. It further investigates responses to initiatives to promote more female candidates in Parliament – the reduction of filing fees and the introduction of women’s seats. The article argues that the formal institutions in the form of party structures work both as an obstacle and an opportunity to promote more women in politics, and that the informal structures in the form of the gender culture in Parliament and verbal abuse work against more women in politics.

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2

Naylor, Rachel. "Women farmers and economic change in northern Ghana." Gender & Development 7, no. 3 (November 1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741923242.

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3

Amofah, Seth. "Indigenous Women Social Entrepreneurship; Poverty Alleviation Tool Used by Development NGOs in Ghana." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajss.8-2-4.

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This research paper examines the role of Non-Government Organizations (NGO) in the use of indigenous women social entrepreneurship as a means of reducing poverty in Northern Ghana. The study focused on an Estonian NGO working in significantly poor-rural districts of Northern Ghana. The study employed case study design where face to face semi-structures interviews were used to gather data from local women entrepreneurs, NGO staff and local government officials. A sample of twenty-one (21) respondents was gathered purposefully to achieve the aim of the study. The study found out that, most poor communities in Northern Ghana are endowed with resources needed for production. What are however lacked are managerial training, financial and technical support as well as market access. Development NGOs connect indigenous resources such as raw materials, human capital and social capital together through provision of equipment and skills training to produce internationally certified products for both local and international market. The study found out that producing local products for international market increases the rate of poverty alleviation since many local people get involved and the financial returns is higher than producing for the local market. The study also identified the creation of new macro-micro international relations between the NGO’s home country and the indigenous communities. Keywords: Indigenous Social entrepreneurship, Women, Poverty alleviation, Development NGOs, Northern Ghana.

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4

Brydon, Lynne. "Women in the Family: Cultural Change in Avatime, Ghana, 1900-80." Development and Change 18, no. 2 (April 1987): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1987.tb00272.x.

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5

van den Boom, G. J. M., M. Nubé, and W. K. Asenso‐Okyere. "Nutrition, labour productivity and labour supply of men and women in Ghana." Journal of Development Studies 32, no. 6 (August 1996): 801–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389608422441.

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6

Nketiah-Amponsah, Edward, Emmanuel A. Codjoe, and Samuel Ampaw. "HIV/AIDS Awareness and Knowledge Among Ghanaian Women of Reproductive Age: What Are the Correlates?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618810037.

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This paper explores the predictors of HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among older and younger Ghanaian women of reproductive age. Logistic regression was estimated using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data. Results indicate that older Ghanaian women are significantly different from their younger counterparts in terms of the selected socio-economic and demographic characteristics that influence awareness and knowledge of the epidemic. In all, the respondents’ age, region of residence, wealth status, education, marital status and religious affiliation were found to significantly predict knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS among women. In addition, pregnancy status and place of residence proved to be significant correlates of HIV/AIDS awareness among Ghanaian women. The study suggests that higher social status is critical in determining whether women of reproductive age are aware of and knowledgeable about the epidemic. Thus, there is the need for policies and interventions to target messages taking into account the varied socio-economic and demographic backgrounds of women in Ghana. Further, health education interventions should be sensitive to the changing technological landscape in order to develop messages that can be delivered via mobile phones, whether as reminders or ringtones, and therefore enhance health knowledge and promote behaviour that brings about desirable health outcomes.

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7

Norwood, Carolette. "Women, Microcredit and Family Planning Practices: A Case Study from Rural Ghana." Journal of Asian and African Studies 46, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909610388747.

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8

Meier, Barbara. "Doglientiri: an institutionalised relationship between women among the Bulsa of northern Ghana." Africa 69, no. 1 (January 1999): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161078.

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This article focuses on the institutionalised relationship between a married woman and a younger woman of her lineage. This alliance implies that the older woman incorporates her clan sister into her household and later marries her off to a man of her choice, preferably her own husband or one of his (classificatory) brothers. This specific form of sororal polygyny is firmly based on rituals and the structure of kinship relation among the Bulsa of northern Ghana. Women bear the ritual responsibility for their brothers' offspring and therefore acquire the right to adopt their daughters.

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9

Abdulai, Ibrahim Abu, Emmanuel Kanchebe Derbile, and Moses Naiim Fuseini. "Livelihood Diversification Among Indigenous Peri-Urban Women in the Wa Municipality, Ghana." Ghana Journal of Development Studies 18, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjds.v18i1.4.

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Studies on peri-urban development have not paid enough attention to the strategies and dynamics of diversifying livelihoods among indigenous women in the Global South. This paper explores the dynamics of livelihood diversification strategies among indigenous women in response to peri-urban development in Wa, Ghana. The mixed-methods design guided the study, while the sample consisted 399 respondents selected from a sample frame of 1494 women. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric and thematic analyses. The study found that peri-urban development had led to the loss of access to farmland among indigenous women. In response, women have resorted to switching from farm-based to non-farm-based livelihoods amidst multiple production challenges.There is, therefore, the need to support the sustainability of women’s livelihoods through the Municipal Assembly and, in particular, through policy interventions such as support for skills training and financial support to enable indigenous people to make a sustainable living. Keywords: Diversification, Ghana, Livelihoods, Peri-Urbanization, Women

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10

Opoku, Emmanuela, and Trish Glazebrook. "Gender, Agriculture, and Climate Policy in Ghana." Environmental Ethics 40, no. 4 (2018): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201840435.

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Ghana is aware of women farmers’ climate adaptation challenges in meeting the country’s food security needs and has strong intentions to support these women, but is stymied by economic limitations, poor organization in governance, persistent social gender biases, and either little or counter-productive support from international policy makers and advisory bodies. Focal issues are the global impacts of climate change on agriculture, Africa’s growing hunger crisis, and women’s contribution to food production in Ghana. Of special importance are the issues of gender-inclusiveness and gender-sensitivity of Ghana’s climate and climate-related policies, including its integration of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change policy, as well as the influence of international economic policy on Ghana’s gender development. Because women farmers provide the majority of the country’s national food-basket, Ghana (as well as other African counries) should focus on building women subsistence farmers’ adaptation needs to avert mass starvation. People should understand that starvation in Africa is not a future event but is already underway.

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11

Akudugu, M. A. "Rural banks' financial capital and livelihoods development of women farmers in Ghana." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 5, no. 4 (October 18, 2011): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506201111177307.

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12

Campion, Patricia, and Wesley Shrum. "Gender and Science in Development: Women Scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and India." Science, Technology, & Human Values 29, no. 4 (October 2004): 459–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243904265895.

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13

Gordon, Gill. "Seasonality in a Savanna District of Ghana - Perceptions of Women and Health Workers." IDS Bulletin 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1986.mp17003008.x.

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14

Opare *, Service. "Engaging women in community decision-making processes in rural Ghana: Problems and prospects." Development in Practice 15, no. 1 (February 2005): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961452052000321631.

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15

Afriyie, Kwadwo, John Kuumuori Ganle, Alexander Yao Segbefia, Pauline Kamau, and Grace Wamue-Ngare. "Contextual Factors Which Affect the Success of Microcredit Programs Among Women." Journal of Developing Societies 36, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x20909032.

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Microcredit programs usually target poor rural women to reduce poverty and empower the women involved. The general body of existing research provides conflicting evidence, depending on context, poverty reduction and empowerment may or may not be partially achieved. Research on the effects of context on microcredit is limited in Ghana. Based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with stakeholders, the contextual factors that affect microcredit for poverty reduction among women are explored. The findings of this study suggest that the orthodox use of social collateral through group lending doesn’t fully account for why some microlending programs are effective, and others are not. Contextual factors appear to make the difference.

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16

Amos-Wilson, P. M. "Some issues concerning women in senior management: a case study from Ghana." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 3 (August 1999): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199908)19:3<219::aid-pad78>3.0.co;2-s.

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17

Bawa, Sylvia. "Paradoxes of (dis)empowerment in the postcolony: women, culture and social capital in Ghana." Third World Quarterly 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1086636.

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18

Asitik, Akanganngang Joseph, and Benjamin Musah Abu. "Women empowerment in agriculture and food security in Savannah Accelerated Development Authority zone of Ghana." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2019-0102.

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PurposeThis paper assessed the causal effect of women empowerment in agriculture (WEA) on household food security in the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) zone of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the extended probit regression with endogenous treatment to account for potential endogeneity of empowerment and food security using data from the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Feed the Future baseline survey.FindingsAll three indicators of women empowerment positively impact food security. In specific terms, when women participate in crop and livestock decision-making in the household, and when they have access to cultivable lands, their households have lower probabilities of being severely or moderately hungry. Also, crop decision-making exhibits the highest impact on food security.Practical implicationsWhile there may be several policy options to eradicate food insecurity challenges in Ghana, the policy measure of empowering women in agriculture needs attention. Priority should be given to empowering them in production decision-making.Social implicationsThere is the need to sensitise households on the importance of women decision-making within the household and their access to land.Originality/valueIn the context of the empowerment literature, from our search, this study is the first in applying the hunger scale as a measure of food security and represents the first attempt at examining the effect of women empowerment on food security in Ghana.

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19

Krumbiegel, Katharina, Miet Maertens, and Meike Wollni. "Can employment empower women? Female workers in the pineapple sector in Ghana." Journal of Rural Studies 80 (December 2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.05.012.

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20

Kutame, Louis Caleb, and Abigail Aryeh-Adjei. "Gender Sensitivity of Adult Education Activities of Community-Based Organizations in Ghana." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 4, no. 1 (January 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2020010104.

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Gender and gender-related issues have threatened to disrupt the perceived community developmental outcomes community-based organizations (CBOs) strive to achieve. This is because women are viewed as ‘second class' citizens of most patriarchal African communities. To understand how CBOs are transforming the uniqueness of women in development in Ghana, a field study was conducted with fifty-seven (57) CBO heads and twenty (20) heads of beneficiary groups to investigate the gender sensitivity of Adult Education (AE) activities of CBOs in the Akuapem North District and how these activities help in empowering women in various community activities. The issue of inclusion of women in AE activities by CBOs is generally agreed on in principle in the communities. It was agreed the AE activities empowered women to have self-confidence to take part in development work among others. Recommendations are that CBO policies to ensure gender equity in AE activities should be critically looked at and necessary changes be made to actively involve more women in community development and education work.

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21

Nukpezah, Julius A., and Charles Blankson. "Microfinance Intervention in Poverty Reduction: A Study of Women Farmer-Entrepreneurs in Rural Ghana." Journal of African Business 18, no. 4 (July 18, 2017): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2017.1336915.

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22

Salifu, Jovia. "Kinship and gendered economic conduct in matrilineal Offinso, Ghana." Africa 90, no. 4 (August 2020): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000273.

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AbstractFor many decades, anthropologists have debated the question of matriliny, with some expressing concerns about its prospects of survival in a modern economy of private property and greater economic differentiation. In continuing this debate, this article provides new and contemporary evidence of the continued relevance of matriliny as a kinship practice that shapes the daily conduct of women. Using ethnographic evidence from the Asante town of Offinso in Ghana, the article demonstrates the crucial role of matrilineal kinship through the economic experiences of two market women living with their respective husbands. The evidence shows that the persistence of economic values that encourage female enterprise, norms of kinship that privilege maternal relations over paternal ones and marriage conventions that allow spouses to maintain separate economic resources create a social and economic environment in which women actively assert their independence from husbands. Women's strong allegiance to their matrilineage is mirrored in their economic conduct, further accentuating the antithesis between conjugal and lineage bonds. Put together, these factors point to greater social and economic autonomy for Asante women.

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23

Schindler, Kati. "Credit for What? Informal Credit as a Coping Strategy of Market Women in Northern Ghana." Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (February 2010): 234–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380903002905.

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24

Dery, Isaac, and Sylvia Bawa. "Agency, Social Status and Performing Marriage in Postcolonial Societies." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 7 (May 23, 2019): 980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619851148.

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This article examines contextually-grounded perspectives on the socio-political significance of marriage in contemporary Ghanaian society. Drawing on qualitative interviews among men and women in northwestern Ghana, this article argues that, beyond historicizing the institution of monogamous marriage, women’s agency in desiring, and navigating marriages are performatively agentic and tied to attaining a myriad of socio-cultural, economic and political capital. Situated within the constrained articulations of participants, our findings alert us to complex negotiations and manoeuvres through which men and women aspire for specific forms of masculinities and femininities within the larger gender hierarchies.

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25

Adu-Yeboah, Christine, and Linda Dzama Forde. "Returning to Study in Higher Education in Ghana: Experiences of Mature Undergraduate Women." Research in Comparative and International Education 6, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2011.6.4.400.

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This study was based on the assumption that in Ghana, women who return late to higher education combine domestic and academic work and, in the process, experience tensions and difficulties in the face of cultural and academic prejudice. It employed an interpretive qualitative research approach via narrative interviews with eight mature undergraduate women from different socio-economic backgrounds in one public university. The intention was to explore their experiences and use the findings to make suggestions for institutional development and learning. The data was collected in May 2009 from a sample of first- and final-year women from the Departments of Sociology and Basic Education in one of the oldest public universities in the southern part of Ghana. The women students found academic work difficult and made reference to gaps in terms of their knowledge deficit, unfamiliar courses and teaching methods. Recommendations from the study include the formulation of an institutional policy on mature women students in particular, and non-traditional students in higher education generally, and the regular provision of professional development programmes for higher education practitioners.

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Kuma-Kpobee, Mercy Afi. "The Evolution and Current Manufacturing Practice Applied to the traditional Dress of Women in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i2.24.

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Traditional dress for women in Ghana, known as “slit and kaba”, previously required no standardised sizing and fit, but as this dress has undergone an evolution and taken on more western features, the fit and manufacturing quality have become increasingly important. This paper evaluates the effect of the evolution of the slit and kaba on the current manufacturing processes adopted by the micro and small scale enterprises in Ghana. A qualitative approach was adopted to collect data in three metropolitan centres in Ghana from dressmakers of the traditional dress. An inductive approach through the grounded theory technique was utilised to analyse the data and the findings revealed that the traditional dress has undergone a considerable change in fit and form. The over reliance on trainee apprentices as workers has affected the quality of garments produced in relation to standardisation. It is also evident that most of the dressmakers rely on domestic equipment which is rudimentary in terms of technological development. This paper highlights the importance of skills and adequate equipment in the achievement of fit and quality in the area of garment manufacture in Ghana. Keywords: Garmentmanufacture;Qualitystandards;Fit;Traditionaldress;Evolution.

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Dickson, Kwamena Sekyi, and Hubert Amu. "Determinants of Skilled Birth Attendance in the Northern Parts of Ghana." Advances in Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9102808.

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Background. An integral part of the Sustainable Development Goal three is to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services which include skilled delivery by the year 2030. We examined the determinants of skilled delivery among women in the Northern part of Ghana. Methods. The paper made use of data from the Demographic and Health Survey. Women from the Northern part of Ghana were included in the analysis. Bivariate descriptive analyses coupled with binary logistic regression estimation technique were used to analyse the data. Results. Region of residence, age, household wealth, education, distance to a health facility, religion, parity, partner’s education, and getting money for treatment were identified as the determinants of skilled delivery. While the probability of having a skilled delivery was higher in the Upper East Region, it was lower in the Northern and Upper West Regions compared to the Brong Ahafo Region. Conclusion. Our findings call for more attention from the Ghana Health Service and the Ministry of Health in addressing the skilled delivery gaps among women particularly in the Northern and Upper West Regions in ensuring attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal target related to reproductive health care accessibility for all by the year 2030.

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28

Williamson, David A., Vijayan K. Pillai, Gertrude Owusu, and Joseph R. Oppong. "Gender Differences in an Emerging Health Profession: Ghanaian Women as Itinerant Drug Vendors." African and Asian Studies 3, no. 1 (July 11, 2004): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-00301005.

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The analysis in this paper is based on a sample of 517 itinerant drug vendors (IDVs) who were interviewed in Ghana during the summer of 1997. IDVs are health care entrepreneurs who provide inexpensive services in medically underserved areas. We describe the differences between men and women IDVs in order to assess 1) their potential to improve health services and 2) the possibility that sex segregation may be lessened in this innovative new profession, allowing women to make a greater contribution to health services delivery. Results indicate that IDVs may be a relatively untapped health resource, but segregation remains strong, thus their full potential is hampered as it is in institutionalized biomedicine.

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Doss, Cheryl, Hema Swaminathan, Carmen Diana Deere, J. Y. Suchitra, Abena D. Oduro, and Boaz Anglade. "Women, assets, and formal savings: A comparative analysis of Ecuador, Ghana and India." Development Policy Review 38, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 180–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12424.

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30

Clark, Gracia. "Negotiating Asante family survival in Kumasi, Ghana." Africa 69, no. 1 (January 1999): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161077.

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Extreme flexibility in the residential and financial arrangements attached to marriage and matrilineal kinship have remained a consistent characteristic of Asante throughout this century. The constant renegotiation processes that constitute and renew family relations have kept them remarkably strong through a series of radical changes in the enacted content and boundaries of those relations, linked with dramatic fluctuations in the economic and political environment of Ghana. The degree of personal agency sustaining this Asante social framework has challenged and stretched a succession of theoretical models, since this negotiability extends to the principles and limits of negotiation itself. The continuing vitality of Asante matriliny actually requires a high degree of individual autonomy, including the economic autonomy that anchors the negotiating position of each social adult. Recent life history work among Kumasi women traders shows that the elastic framework of family relations can absorb considerable change in the expectations and the balance of power between spouses or between parents and children as long as the pace remains slow enough and individual self-reliance stable enough to preserve the continuity of the renegotiation process. The economic crisis of the final decade of the century has threatened the basis of social reproduction by reducing the opportunities for financial independence. Without basic autonomous subsistence young men and women can no longer function effectively as Asante adults.

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Quagrainie, Fanny Adams, Abigail Opoku Mensah, and Alex Yaw Adom. "Christian entrepreneurial activities and micro women entrepreneurship development." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 5 (November 6, 2018): 657–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-03-2018-0025.

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Purpose Review of literature suggests mixed findings on the relationship between the church and micro women entrepreneurship development. This signals that questions remain about the roles of churches in entrepreneurial development. Thus, this paper aims to explore what entrepreneurial activities are provided by churches to their micro women entrepreneurs and how do these activities influence their entrepreneurial start up and growth. Design/methodology/approach Phenomenological research methodologies were used to purposive collected data from 38 women entrepreneurs and four church administers in Tema. Results were analyzed using the emergent strategy. Findings The results suggest that churches provided four entrepreneurial activities which are categorized as finance, networking, promotion of self-confidence and impartation of ethical values. These factors promoted the growth of women entrepreneurial growth but not the start-up of entrepreneurial ventures. The study concluded that the church should provide more support for new entrepreneurial ventures. Therefore, embeddedness because of membership of a church is a critical part of women entrepreneurship development. Research limitations/implications Further studies will need to replicate these findings with other types of businesses, in other locations. Practical implications This study suggests that policymakers should be working in conjunction with churches in a bid to promote micro women entrepreneurship development. Originality/value Limited research has been conducted on church entrepreneurial activities in the development of micro women entrepreneurs in developing economies such as Ghana. This empirical research provides important insights into this field.

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Agyire-Tettey, Frank, Derek Asuman, Bernardin Senadza, and Lucia Addae. "Trends and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in sexual and reproductive health among women in Ghana." International Journal of Development Issues 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2018-0198.

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Purpose This study aims to estimate the degree and nature of socioeconomic-related inequalities in sexual and reproductive health in Ghana and further assesses causes of these inequalities using decomposition technique. The authors assess the contribution of personal characteristics of the woman including access to health information and health seeking behaviours, household and locational characteristics to inequalities in sexual and reproductive health in Ghana. The study uses data from the three rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2014. Design/methodology/approach Two indicators – use of modern contraceptives and intention to use modern contraceptives – are used to measure sexual and reproductive health of sexually active women. A wealth index, based on household ownership of assets, consumer goods and living conditions, is used as a measure of socioeconomic status. The paper estimates a concentration index to the relationship between cumulative health and socioeconomic rank. Paper procedures to apply decomposition techniques to determine the causes of socioeconomic inequalities in health based on a linear health regression model. Findings The study finds evidence of varying degrees of socioeconomic-related inequalities in sexual and reproductive health indicators. Specifically, the study finds that whilst use of modern contraceptives was concentrated among women in households with high socioeconomic status in 2003 and 2008, modern contraceptive use was prevalent among women in low socioeconomic status households in 2014. Equally, the study finds significant pro-poor inequalities in the intentions to use modern contraceptives in 2003 and 2014. The degree of socioeconomic inequalities in the intentions to use modern contraceptives increased between 2003 and 2014. Originality/value There is the lack of evidence on the degree, nature and causes of socioeconomic-related inequalities, which in tend impedes the design and implementation of sexual and reproductive health policies targeted at vulnerable and under-served populations. In addition, there is the need to study inequalities in health over time to monitor progress of health delivery systems towards equitable and universal coverage and understand the evolution of the determinants.

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33

Althaus, F. "In Ghana, Most Women Know a Modern Method But Very Few Use One." International Family Planning Perspectives 16, no. 2 (June 1990): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2133475.

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34

Saaka, Mahama. "Dr. Adequacy of nutrient intakes among pregnant Women in Northern Ghana." World Nutrition 11, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2020111145-164.

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Introduction: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is a pre-requisite for good pregnancy outcomes as well as future wellbeing, development and quality of life of the unborn child. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the adequacy of nutrient intakes of pregnant women resident in northern Ghana. Methods: A total of 400 pregnant women in 25 communities in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana were interviewed at the household level. The nutrient intakes were assessed using a structured 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was measured as a count of food groups. A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of 14 nutrients as well as mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated based on the 24-hour dietary recall. Results: The average energy, protein and fat intakes were 2,770.8 ± 1,127.5 Kcal/day, 59.2 ±27.5 g/day, and 105.25±58.0 g/day, respectively. The proportion of women meeting the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of these macro-nutrients were 58.8%, 27.0% and 50.3% respectively. The average MAR of 14 nutrients was calculated to be 68% as the overall measure of nutrient adequacy. MAR correlated positively with DDS (r = 0.24 P < 0.001). Over 50% pregnant women obtained less than 66% of the RDA for iron, calcium, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin B12. Conclusion: Diets of the majority of these pregnant women were deficient in several nutrients. Dietary diversity scores served as a useful proxy indicator of nutrient adequacy in this sample. In order to meet the requirements for essential nutrients, more effort should be made to promote dietary diversity among pregnant women in northern Ghana.

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Lain, Jonathan. "Job Flexibility and Occupational Selection in Ghana: An Application of Maximum Simulated Likelihood†." Journal of African Economies 28, no. 5 (April 3, 2019): 479–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz006.

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Abstract In many African labour markets, the vast majority of self-employed workers are female. It is often hypothesised that self-employment enables workers to balance income-generation with caring for children and other domestic tasks and, since responsibility for these activities is divided unequally in the household, this effect is stronger for women than men. However, testing whether ‘job flexibility’ matters is difficult because variables that proxy for domestic obligations—such as the number of dependents in the household—may be endogenous to occupational choice. In this paper, we build a new estimator using maximum simulated likelihood that allows us to use selection on observables as a guide to selection on unobservables within the multinomial choice problem individuals face when deciding their occupation. We apply this approach to detailed cross-sectional data from Ghana. Our results show that having extra dependents in the household pushes women towards own account self-employment substantially more than men, even under more conservative assumptions about the extent of endogeneity.

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Adinkrah, Mensah. "Women who kill their husbands: mariticides in contemporary Ghana." Aggressive Behavior 33, no. 6 (2007): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20209.

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Kubuga, Clement Kubreziga, Dayeon Shin, and Won Song. "Determinants of Dietary Patterns of Mother-Child Dyads in Ghana." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_038.

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Abstract Objectives Holistic understanding of dietary patterns of a population is an efficient approach to developing and implementing nutrition interventions and policies to counteract malnutrition. Dietary patterns of nutritionally vulnerable women and children in Ghana is not known. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns of women (15–49 yrs) and their children (0–3 yrs) and investigate the socio-economic/demographic factors influencing the characterized dietary patterns. Methods In this national representative population, mother-child dyads’ (n = 1548) data, food intake and sociodemographic data were obtained from the 2008 Ghana Demographic Health Survey. The dyads’ dietary patterns and determinants of the identified dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis and multiple variable logistic regression respectively. Results Four (‘Beverage & sugary based’, ‘Meat based’, ‘Indigenous- tuber based’ and ‘Indigenous- grain based’) dietary patterns emerged for women and two (‘Indigenous’ and ‘Milk, Meat, & cereal based’) dietary patterns emerged for children. Socio-economic/demographic factors such as ethnicity, wealth quintiles, parity, seasonality, dyad's age, body mass index, education, household head's age, residence, marital status, and household size emerged as determinants of the identified dietary patterns. Conclusions These findings are hoped to provide scientific bases to guide interventions, recommendations, and policy programs targeted at women and children in Ghana. Additionally, it serves as a model for further research and a possible basis for studies on the association between dietary patterns and development of diseases. Funding Sources None.

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Steeves, H. Leslie, and Janet D. Kwami. "Social Context in Development Communication: Reflecting on Gender and Information and Communication Technologies for Development in Ghana." Asia Pacific Media Educator 29, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x19856139.

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This essay, an example of work that builds on Dr. Ascroft’s lessons, reports collaborative research on information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) in Ghana. We highlight two parallel dialogues—on ICT and on gender—that have been advanced globally. New ICTs are prone to the same biases as the older ICTs. Further, the dialogue on ICTs may use the rhetoric of inclusivity; but in practice, women and girls remain at the margins of decision-making and implementation. This research addresses the promise of new ICTs and the need to account for gender roles. We summarize the major events that helped spark global and regional attention to ICT4D, as well as Ghana’s initiatives in relation to these events. We include critiques and initiatives resistant to facets of ICT4D, emphasizing gender critiques.

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Buor, Daniel. "Determinants of utilisation of health services by women in rural and urban areas in Ghana." GeoJournal 61, no. 1 (September 2004): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-005-1929-6.

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Buor. "Determinants of utilisation of health services by women in rural and urban areas in Ghana." GeoJournal 61, no. 1 (2005): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sgejo-004-1929-y.

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Salia, Samuel, Javed Hussain, Ishmael Tingbani, and Oluwaseun Kolade. "Is women empowerment a zero sum game? Unintended consequences of microfinance for women’s empowerment in Ghana." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2017-0114.

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Purpose Against the background of growing concerns that development interventions can sometimes be a zero sum game, the purpose of this paper is to examine the unintended consequences of microfinance for women empowerment in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a participatory mixed-method approach including household questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews to investigate the dynamics of microfinance effects on women in communities of different vulnerability status in Ghana. Findings The results of hierarchical regression, triadic closure and thematic analyses demonstrate that the economic benefits of microfinance for women is also directly associated with conflicts amongst spouses, girl child labour, polygyny and the neglect of perceived female domestic responsibilities due to women’s devotion to their enterprises. Originality/value In the light of limited empirical evidence on potentially negative impacts of women empowerment interventions in Africa, this paper fills a critical gap in knowledge that will enable NGOs, policy makers and other stakeholders to design and implement more effective interventions that mitigate undesirable consequences.

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Asante, Bright Owusu, Isaac Koomson, Renato A. Villano, and Alexander Nimo Wiredu. "Adoption of integrated crop-livestock management practices (ICLMPs) among men and women smallholder farmers in Ghana." Gender, Technology and Development 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2021.1911021.

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Fallon, Kathleen M. "Education and Perceptions of Social Status and Power among Women in Larteh, Ghana." Africa Today 46, no. 2 (April 1999): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.1999.46.2.66.

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Fallon, Kathleen M. "Education and Perceptions of Social Status and Power among Women in Larteh, Ghana." Africa Today 46, no. 2 (1999): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.1999.0006.

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Mintah, S., and S. Darkwah. "Drivers of Informal Sector Participation of Small and Medium Enterprise in Ghana." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0010.

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Abstract The informal sector of Ghana has been growing amidst the recent economic development in this country. The study investigated the drivers of informal sector participation by SMEs in Ghana and made use of a Chi-square statistical methodology to analyze the drivers of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Analyses from the study showed that gender can be deemed as a driver for SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. Gender was significant at 0.012 with registration of business enterprise and 0.055 with tax obligation of respondents. The educational level of SME operators had an impact on registration and tax obligation and therefore can be deemed as a driver of SME participation in the informal sector of Ghana. However, the level of education was insignificant to registration and tax obligation but had a strong correlation to these variables. The study also showed that women are more likely to participate in the informal sector of Ghana as compared to men and also that there is a high tendency of not paying tax among SME operators in the informal sector of Ghana. A very low educational level among SME participants was recorded with over 60% of the respondents not having any formal education. Based on the findings of the study, a country-wide research can be done to ascertain the socio-economic determinants of informal sector participation in Ghana. Also, the study highly recommends policies that can harness the usefulness of informal sector.

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Ahenkan, Albert, and Emmanuel Boon. "Non-timber forest products farming and empowerment of rural women in Ghana." Environment, Development and Sustainability 13, no. 5 (April 13, 2011): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-011-9295-7.

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Yiridomoh, Gordon Yenglier, Frederick Der Bebelleh, Samuel Ziem Bonye, and Frederick Dayour. "Women in ginger production and livelihood sustainability in rural Ghana: an explorative study." Local Environment 26, no. 9 (July 19, 2021): 1051–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2021.1952967.

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Berger, Blair O., Donna M. Strobino, Hedieh Mehrtash, Meghan A. Bohren, Kwame Adu-Bonsaffoh, Hannah H. Leslie, Theresa Azonima Irinyenikan, Thae Maung Maung, Mamadou Dioulde Balde, and Özge Tunçalp. "Development of measures for assessing mistreatment of women during facility-based childbirth based on labour observations." BMJ Global Health 5, Suppl 2 (August 2021): e004080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004080.

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IntroductionMistreatment of women during childbirth is increasingly recognised as a significant issue globally. Research and programmatic efforts targeting this phenomenon have been limited by a lack of validated measurement tools. This study aimed to develop a set of concise, valid and reliable multidimensional measures for mistreatment using labour observations applicable across multiple settings.MethodsData from continuous labour observations of 1974 women in Nigeria (n=407), Ghana (n=912) and Guinea (n=655) were used from the cross-sectional WHO’s multicountry study ‘How women are treated during facility-based childbirth’ (2016–2018). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to develop a scale measuring interpersonal abuse. Two indexes were developed through a modified Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development approach for generating composite indexes. Measures were evaluated for performance, validity and internal reliability.ResultsThree mistreatment measures were developed: a 7-item Interpersonal Abuse Scale, a 3-item Exams & Procedures Index and a 12-item Unsupportive Birth Environment Index. Factor analysis results showed a consistent unidimensional factor structure for the Interpersonal Abuse Scale in all three countries based on factor loadings and interitem correlations, indicating good structural construct validity. The scale had a reliability coefficient of 0.71 in Nigeria and approached 0.60 in Ghana and Guinea. Low correlations (Spearman correlation range: −0.06–0.19; p≥0.05) between mistreatment measures supported our decision to develop three separate measures. Predictive criterion validation yielded mixed results across countries. Both items within measures and measure scores were internally consistent across countries; each item co-occurred with other items in a measure, and scores consistently distinguished between ‘high’ and ‘low’ mistreatment levels.ConclusionThe set of concise, comprehensive multidimensional measures of mistreatment can be used in future research and quality improvement initiatives targeting mistreatment to quantify burden, identify risk factors and determine its impact on health and well-being outcomes. Further validation and reliability testing of the measures in other contexts is needed.

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Akurugu, Constance Awinpoka, Mathias Mwinlabagna Jatoe, and Maximillian Kolbe Domapielle. "Empowering rural women for sustainable development through the provision of water infrastructure in north-western Ghana." World Development Perspectives 21 (March 2021): 100287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100287.

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Dery, Isaac. "ACCESS TO AND CONTROL OVER LAND AS GENDERED: CONTEXTUALIZING WOMENâ€™S ACCESS AND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OF LAND IN RURAL GHANA." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 45, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/1044.

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Womenâ€™s access to and control over productive resources, including land, has increasingly been recognized in global discussions as a key factor in reducing poverty, ensuring food security and promoting gender equality. Indeed, this argument has been widely accepted by both feminists and development theorists since the 1980s. Based on qualitative research with 50 purposively selected men and women, this study explored the complexity of womenâ€™s access to and control over land within a specific relationship of contestations, negotiations, and manipulations with men. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. While theoretically, participants showed that womenâ€™s [secure] access to and control over land has beneficial consequences to women themselves, households and the community at large, in principle, women's access and control status was premised in the traditional framework which largely deprives women, equal access and/or control over the land. The study indicates that even though land is the most revered resource and indeed, the dominant source of income for the rural poor, especially women, gender-erected discrimination and exclusion lie at the heart of many rural women in gaining access to land. This study argues that women's weak access rights and control over land continue to perpetuate the feminization of gender inequalityâ€“while men were reported to possess primary access and control over land as the heads of households, women were argued to have secondary rights due to their â€˜stranger statusesâ€™ in their husbandsâ€™ families. Overall, the degree of access to land among women was reported to be situated within two broad contextsâ€“marriage and inheritance.

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