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1
LeRoux-Rutledge, Emily. "Public narratives as symbolic resources for gender and development : a case study of women and community radio in South Sudan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3548/.
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This thesis seeks to understand how public narratives about women facilitate and constrain the achievement of gender and development goals, using South Sudan as a case study. The international community is committed to achieving gender and development goals such as women’s empowerment, education and employment. The gender and development literature suggests that realising such goals requires understanding local cultural contexts. In particular, the literature often views traditional elements of local cultural context as obstacles (although some critical scholars question the idea of a traditional-modern binary). The gender and development literature has conceptualised local cultural context in various ways but has rarely considered public narratives about women – shared narratives larger than the single individual – which frame possibilities for action. Public narratives allow for a comprehensive understanding of culture and account for its temporality. Drawing on focus groups, interviews and radio programmes from rural South Sudan – a country where there is still much to achieve in gender and development terms – this thesis first examines what public narratives about women exist in rural South Sudan and how women use them in their lives. To examine the ways in which they facilitate and constrain the achievement of gender and development goals, it then looks at their use in two symbolic sites: the content broadcast on NGO-funded community radio and the community discussions engendered by such content. Thirteen public narratives about women are identified, which the South Sudanese themselves describe as either “modern” or “traditional”, and which women draw on to deal with a range of life concerns. Interestingly, on community radio, both modern and traditional narratives are used to argue for gender and development goals. Similarly, in discussions among community members, those who argue for gender and development goals use both modern and traditional narratives, while those who argue against use only traditional narratives. These findings suggest that a public narrative approach is well suited to illuminate the complexities and contradictions of local cultural context; they also suggest that a traditional-modern dichotomy should be taken seriously, as it can have meaning for people in certain places. Finally, they show that traditional elements of local cultural context do not necessarily constitute barriers to the achievement of gender and development goals. Rather, they can be used to reimagine gender and development goals in ways that are locally and culturally relevant.
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Kargwell, Samia Abbas Ali. "Women in management : a case study of the Sudan." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429004.
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This study explores the phenomenon of female under-representation in executive jobs in the Sudanese Federal Ministries of Health and Education. It investigates the impact of organisational processes; female and male managers' understanding of management and leadership; family-work conflict; gender and allocation of tasks; group interaction and job satisfaction. Few studies and empirical work have attempted to investigate the barriers that contribute to the paucity of women in top management in the Sudanese context. This research owes its significance to the fact that it is being carried out in non- Western milieux, which necessitates the examination of the impact of social, political, economic, cultural factors and Islamic influence on the phenomenon. The study is organised in three parts: the conceptual framework; the methodological issues; the analysis of the data, discussion of the findings and conclusions. The study adopted a phenomenological, constructivist approach and interpretive sociology to generate its epistemology. The investigation was based on a case study, using a qualitative approach and triangulation of methods. The two ministries do not function according to the ideal bureaucratic model and are influenced by a host of indigenous factors. The interaction of political, social, cultural and religious factors tend to reinforce sex- segregation and male's domination culture, which in turn reproduce patriarchal forms of organizations. Recent trend of Islamisation and the dominance of its political ideaology had their ramifications on national policies governing organizational processes and procedures. Consequently, these are responsible for the negative impact on female managers underrepresentation at senior management levels. This study presents five major conclusions, the practical purpose of the research, the limitations of the study and the implications of the research findings. The research calls for further investigation of other barriers and the impact of Islamic influence on female under-representation in management.
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Moro, L. N. "Oil, conflict and displacement in Sudan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e08119e-2492-410f-8f5c-2b8ace411070.
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This thesis explores the political dimensions of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) in the context of oil extraction in Sudan. It provides a detailed perspective on the experience of displacement of the local people in the oil-rich areas of Southern Sudan. It also offers an important insight into the local politics of this much-publicized dimension of Sudan’s political crises. The analytical frameworks common to the field of DIDR, mostly developed through studies of the impact of dams, mainly deal with economic and social aspects of displacement. These frameworks are inadequate for explaining oil-induced displacement, because they largely ignore the political contexts of DIDR: the focus of this thesis. Sudan’s oil project is carried out in the name of the “national interest.” But in reality, it serves the interests of the main beneficiaries: Sudan’s Northern “Arab” and Muslim elites and their supporters. Many Southern Sudanese have had to resort to arms, partly to protect their interests in oil development, and in order to contest the purported “national interest” championed by the government. This thesis problematizes the idea of a “national interest” in Sudan in order to question who benefits from development projects that cause human displacement. It argues that conflicts of interests between central government elites and local peoples best explain why displacement connected to natural resource development occurs in weak states, such as Sudan. As a result, ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional and other identities are often exploited by elites in such states in an “instrumentalist” way so as to gain, or retain, power and access to resources. This is, at the expense of local people adversely affected by development projects.
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Baird, Martha Brownfield. "Resettlement Transition Experiences Among Sudanese Refugee Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193687.
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The prolonged civil-war and famine in the African nation of Sudan has displaced millions over the last two decades, many of these are women and children. Refugee women who are resettled to the US with their children must make profound adjustments to learn how to live in the American society and culture. Very little is understood about the factors and conditions that affect the health of immigrant and refugee populations who resettle to a host country.This ethnographic study investigates the influences to health and well-being in 10 refugee women from the Dinka tribe of southern Sudan who were resettled with their children to a Midwestern city in the United States (US). The in-depth interviews and participant observation that occurred over the one-year period of the study resulted in an interpretive theory of Well-Being in Refugee Women Experiencing Cultural Transition. Well-being in Dinka mothers is understood through the relationships between three major themes: Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures, Standing for Myself, and Hope for the Future. Liminality: Living Between Two Cultures describes how the women struggled to maintain a delicate balance between their traditional Dinka culture and the new American culture. The theme of Standing for Myself addresses how learning new skills and taking on new roles in the US, led to transformation of the refugee women. The third theme of Hope for the Future emphasizes the Dinka cultural values of communality and religious convictions that gave the women hope for a better future for their families and countrymen.The middle-range theory of transitions was used as a theoretical framework to guide the investigation of well-being of the refugee women and their families during resettlement. The study extends of the theory of transitions to refugee women from southern Sudan by developing a theoretical explanation for how refugee Dinka women attain well-being during transition. The results of this study strongly indicate that `cultural transition' be added as a distinct type of transition significant to understand the health needs of refugee women. The knowledge from this study will lead to the development of culturally competent interventions for resettled refugee families.
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SPEECE, MARK WILLIAM. "MARKETING IN THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KORDOFAN, SUDAN." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184164.
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Although Sudan is a country with enormous agricultural potential, agriculture has not prospered over the last two decades and Sudan now finds itself a bankrupt net importer of food. Much of the country's agricultural resource base is found in the rainfed agricultural region of Western Sudan, which includes Kordofan. This study focuses on Kordofan, and reports on data gathered during work for the Western Sudan Agricultural Research Project. Rather than following the production orientation usually employed by economists, it addresses issues related to the role of marketing in agricultural economic development. Marketing in Kordofan, as well as production, is subject to disruption because of climatic variations characteristic of arid and semi-arid regions. Extended annual dry periods and droughts distort price performance for agricultural commodities and cause shifts in marketing channel structure. Risk levels are substantially increased for producers and small traders, while at the same time they must take on increased responsibility for many channel functions. Marketing also suffers from infrastructure deficiencies: roads are often impassable during the rainy season, and storage losses become huge over the course of a year. The private marketing system in Kordofan has adapted to these conditions, and is performing quite effectively, efficiently, and equitably, given the adverse conditions. Competition is extensive, farmers have many alternatives when selling crops, and merchants operate on fairly modest profit margins. A widespread bias against the private sector has led to extensive government intervention into marketing spheres. These policies include direct operation of some marketing channels, manipulation of price structures through artificial exchange rates and price controls, and restrictive licensing practices. Wherever such policies have been applied in Kordofan, they have led to declining production of government controlled crops, they have restricted competition in marketing channels, and they have lowered living standards for producers and consumers. Sudan has not successfully identified areas where private channels in Kordofan cannot solve problems, and which therefore require public intervention. The government seems to have based its economic decisions upon ideological considerations and intervened in areas which it cannot perform as well as the private market.
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Ali, Mohammed Abdel Hameed Ibnoaf. "Manpower planning and development potentialities : test case of Sudan." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309283.
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Hassan, S. M. A. "Food security and regional development policies in arid Sudan." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637243.
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Food is a need for all communities. Food security and development planning is a current issue of investigation in the Third World, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, due to recent famines. In these countries, development planning has been criticized on the grounds of its alienation from the local environments and its failure to achieve food security for the growing population. This thesis investigates the food problem in arid Sudan and examines the situation in the White Nile region as a suitable case study. The investigation of this problem was on indicators, such as food production, food marketing, food consumption, and environmental change to verify the hypothesis that there is a food problem in arid Sudan, similar to that in arid Sub-Saharan Africa, and demonstrates the inappropriate development planning in the Sudan. Investigation makes clear that the food problem is more evident in the rainland areas of the region and gives further evidence of the failure of Sudanese planning in its arid lands. Of the eleven chapters, chapter one is an overview of the food problem in the Sudan and Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses research methodology. Chapter two reviews Sudanese planning and the research hypotheses, whilst chapter three applies development theory to the Sudanese situation. Chapter four examines the Afro-Asian experience in food production and concludes with lessons for the Sudan to ponder in the White Nile region. Chapter five investigates the development process of the White Nile region and related problems, particularly of food supply. Chapters six to ten are respectively devoted to an investigation of food production, marketing, and consumption in relation to the environment and survival strategies. Chapter eleven includes the main research findings and suggests a solution of the food problem in arid Sudan.
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Annan, David. "Effects of political instability in development in South Sudan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020190.
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The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the Republic of Sudan represented by the National Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLM (Sudan People’s Liberation Movement) which represented the people of the Southern part of Sudan in January 2005 ushered in a rare era of peace and hope for the rebuilding and construction of the war ravaged South Sudan. Coupled with the attainment of Independence for South Sudan through an internationally supervised referendum in January 2011, the objectives of years of struggle by the people of the formerly semi-autonomous region were completed. From 2005 until after the independence of South Sudan however, a period that initially was marked by huge euphoria and broad based anticipation of development boom, the support from both local and international actors for the struggle and the plight of the people of South Sudan is waning and at worst has now turned into despair and hopelessness. After attaining independence in 2011, the highest party organ, the Political Bureau decided to remove candidates who were popularly voted by their constituents and replaced them with their cronies, leading to mass exodus of cadres from the party. On top of that, the wide believe that the elections were rigged for SPLM candidates at the expense of the Independent candidates led to another wave of exodus and open rebellion by many veteran cadres of the movement. Today, these rebellions coupled with some complex problematic societal issues are major concern and a source of political instability and violence in some parts of the country. Secondly, the hasty process of the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) campaign, which in some cases were forcefully done left some communities exposed and venerable to attacks by rival communities. This continue to exacerbate and ignite tribal hatred, tension and stereotypes between communities especially in the traditionally volatile parts of the country that are known for cattle rustling and tribal rivalry as a form of cultural practice. Unresolved post secession issues within the SPLM had resulted to political instability and violence thus having negative economic consequences for South Sudan and all the gains the country had made in the past few years vanished after December 15 2013 political upheaval. This thesis will examine the effects of these mentioned complex political instability and economic dilemma South Sudan is being confronted with in the face of the fact that it is still in the process of nation building having attained its Independence only in July 2011.
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Hamid, E. A. "Islam and political development in modern Sudan 1921-1986." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514953.
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Elageed, Awatif Ata Elmannan. "Weaving the social networks of women migrants in Sudan : the case of Gezira /." Berlin : LIT Verlag, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783825817268.
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Elageed, Awatif Ata Elmannan. "Weaving the social networks of women migrants in Sudan the case of Gezira." Berlin Münster Lit, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990448878/04.
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Kambamba, Abe Khamis. "Possible economic strategies to diversify the crude oil-based economy in South Sudan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8241.
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Post-independence South Sudan has many areas in which progress is required in order to develop the economy. South Sudan’s economy, for is still run largely (98%) on oil revenues. In order to improve the standards of living of the citizens, good governance, transparency and accountability are the key. These will help build confidence, stability as well as the credibility of the government. How to achieve diversification of the economy in order to move away from the overdependence on oil will be the focus of this research. Diversification, especially in the context of small and fragile economies, has become an important topic. This research will investigate possible economic strategies to diversify the crude-based economy in South Sudan and will assess the circumstances under which economic diversification can be achieved. The research will identify and analyse the issues that impede and hinder economic growth in the non-oil sectors of the South Sudanese economy and explore how far the government has delivered the conditions necessary for the private sector to grow so that it can contribute considerably to the diversification and growth of the economy and the nation. This research was started in 2012, one year after South Sudan got its independence from Sudan. The country’s first Development Plan was rolled out in 2011. Unfortunately, a war broke out in December 2013, disrupting life in the new country, especially economic activities. A peace treaty has since been signed to end the war. The government, however, still continues forward with just one source of revenue – oil. Nonetheless, the findings of this research will offer an analysis as well as recommendations for ways to diversify the South Sudanese economy once peace is firmly established in the country.
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Wani, Mary Apayi Ayiga. "Leadership and accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF): a case study of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007150.
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This study is based on Leadership & Accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), the case of Yei River County (YRC) of Central Equatoria State, Republic of South Sudan (RSS). CDF is one of the initiatives of the government of South Sudan created by a legislation of Parliament to compliment development of the community needs as they expect more from the government of the day. The CDF Act 2007 which was passed by the parliament stipulated structures that govern the operation of the fund in terms of management, leadership and accountability to enhance effective and efficient provision of services to the people. The CDF Act provided that fund allocated to the MPs is to address the challenges that face the communities such as construction of schools, health facilities, water, roads and government facilities but not for personal interest or individual use. The problem that motivated the researcher to explore the performance of the CDF was inadequate service to the community although the government has allocated funds to each constituency channeled through the members of parliament to improve the socio-economic status of the community. The research looked at how the CDF roles, functions, and procedure were applied in the utilization of the funds to ensure efficiency. It analysed and evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of management of CDF to promote service delivery in the constituencies of Yei, Ottogo, Tore and Mugwo Payams. The study investigated the following questions: How is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) been managed and utilized by the Members of Parliament (MPs) to promote development in their constituencies? To what extent is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) used in accordance with the provisions of the CDF Act (2007)? To what extent does the CDF achieve its objective in promoting development to meet the aspirations of the people within the constituencies? And, what is the nature of the relationship between the MPs, the community and the County Local Authority in relation to the CDF? The study also examined the linkage between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at grass-root levels in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. The study used both descriptive and explanatory techniques to guide the researcher in gathering information required on the best of CDF practice in Yei River County which were carried out using interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Twenty (20) respondents comprising of head of departments, women, youth, MPs of both parliaments - the National and the State, chiefs, councilors, CDF committees from the four constituencies mentioned above were interviewed about the use of the CDF. The study reveals that there are no clear linkages between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at the grass-root level in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. In addition to this, less participation of the community in identification, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the CDF community projects was one of the contributing factors that affected the effectiveness and efficiency of the result. Although creation of CDF has effect in some of the areas of the county, it requires more improvement in the implementation process to increase development in other areas. Based on these findings, the study argues that for the best of the CDF utilization, leadership and accountability which are components of the Public Administration Discipline that enhances efficiency in the public institutions need to be put into practice. Hence, rigorous application of the CDF rules, regulations and procedures is paramount in managing the utilization of the fund allocated for the purpose of development.
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Onyango, Monica Adhiambo. "Women's Experiences with Abortion Complications in the Post War Context of South Sudan." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1836.
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Thesis advisor: Rosanna DemarcoFor 21 years (1983-2004), the civil war in Sudan concentrated in the South resulting in massive population displacements and human suffering. Following the comprehensive peace agreement in 2005, the government of South Sudan is rebuilding the country's infrastructure. However, the post war South Sudan has some of the worst health indicators, lack of basic services, poor health infrastructure and severe shortage of skilled labor. The maternal mortality ratio for example is 2,054/100,000 live births, currently the highest in the world. Abortion complication leads among causes of admission at the gynecology units. This research contributes nursing knowledge on reproductive health among populations affected by war. The purpose was to explore the experiences of women with abortion complications in the post war South Sudan. Using qualitative descriptive methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 women following treatment for abortion complications at the gynecology unit of a county hospital. Data was collected from March 2nd to April 26th, 2008. Spontaneous abortion was the most common among study participants. Post abortion care was nonexistent at the community level health facilities, but present at the hospital. The women interviewed were reluctant to reflect in-depth about their experiences with abortion complications. They described the process, signs, symptoms and the events that led to the pregnancy loss, and were more concerned about regaining their reproductive function, a societal expectation of a married woman in South Sudan. A female child in South Sudan is assigned a "special" role in the family and community - that of getting married, attracting a high bride wealth paid as dowry to her parents and delivering children for the husband. Arranged and/or forced early marriage is common. A woman's world view about reproductive health and experiences with abortion complications is therefore influenced by this cultural context. Implications of these findings include the need to develop the nurse midwifery profession in South Sudan. Nurse midwives can lead in providing gender and culturally sensitive reproductive health services including post abortion care. Plans for care must include opportunities to listen to women's perspectives
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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Bright, Nancee Oku. "Mothers of steel : the women of Um Gargur, an Eritrean refugee settlement in Sudan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:92d26c17-84ee-4bb3-b8a6-0bdd03e8c817.
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This is an ethnographic study of the lives and experiences of Eritrean refugee women in Um Gargur, a settlement in eastern Sudan established in 1976. It is based upon fourteen months of fieldwork and builds upon the findings of my 1985 M.Phil, thesis, "A Preliminary Study of the Position of Eritrean Refugees in the Sudan", for which I conducted two months of research in Urn Gargur. While the M.Phil, thesis was a comparative study of Um Gargur and two other cases of resettlement in Africa, here I am concerned primarily with questions of gender, everyday life, and how processes of change and realignments of power impact upon women in displaced heterogeneous societies. After more than a decade in exile the people of Um Gargur continue to be fiercely nationalistic and as unresigned to remaining refugees as they are to assimilating into Sudan. There is also a growing trend towards Islamic conservatism in the settlement. This, coupled with the fact that Um Gargur is composed largely of mistrusted "strangers", means that women experience more restrictions in Um Gargur than they did in their communities of origin. The aim of the thesis is to examine the effect of displacement and exile upon gender roles, social infrastructures, traditions and perceptions, as people of disparate origins, occasionally with conflicting beliefs and mores, negotiate a way of living together. The title "Mothers of Steel" is taken from a riot instigated by women when charges were introduced for water. As the women revolted, their children shouted "Our mothers are steel, our fathers are monkeys!" This represented the main crisis point between men and women. Yet although the title derives from this incident, women, as they feed, nurture, socialise their children and keep their families intact, have clearly become "mothers of steel" in the eyes of their children since they have lived in Um Gargur. Chapter One introduces an overview of the settlement and shows that women's deliberate exclusion from all formal institutions leaves them at a disadvantage despite the fact that over 50% of them are household heads for much of the year. The following chapters examine how categories as diverse as politics, honour, health, and economics, impinge on the lives of the refugee women and their families, and argue that in contexts of displacement, where social realities are constantly being redefined, these categories all have a moral dimension. In Chapters Three and Four I show how limited employment opportunities in Um Gargur have meant that the majority of men continuously resident in the settlement have lost their roles as providers while women's roles have taken on a new symbolic significance. The society attempts to compensate for men's loss of status by placing greater restrictions upon women. Women's reactions to this are varied, but significant numbers of them have redrawn the parameters of "honourable" behaviour to allow themselves more flexibility. Women establish ties, not unlike kinship bonds, which traverse ethnic and religious boundaries and offer limited economic power and physical and psychological support. In Chapter Five I explore the tensions between traditional beliefs and practices and "Western" models of health care. While society's notion of what constitutes honour has calcified in reaction to a situation of extreme social dislocation and jeopardisation of "male" and "female" behaviour patterns, I show in Chapter Six that the women of Um Gargur have recognised their common plight and responded by renegotiating their identity, whilst at the same time being the primary agents - through myths, songs, names, and stories about Eritrea - in the construction of their children's identities as Eritreans. In the Conclusion (Chapter Seven) I introduce the story of the aforementioned water riot to illustrate how radically women's perceptions of their own power have altered, and how their children now perceive them. I suggest that though the process of change has been slow, the pressures faced by the community have meant that women's reconceptualisation of their own roles has been inevitable.
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Beninyo, Ben Katoro. "Evaluation of the educational policies of the Sudan, 1972-1992 : impact and implications on educational development in the Southern Sudan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/185/.
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The education policy development in the Sudan should be understood within the context of Islamic general policy orientation and the specific goals and aims of education as perceived by the national policy-makers in the Central Government. The policy orientation has been in line with how the Islamic leaders in the country defined Sudanese society. The framework of educational policies showed a consistent trend towards the building of an Arab-Islamic society. The government's determination to uphold this trend was showed by the persistent policy of centralisation of education policy development. There was in all of this a lack of political will on the part of the central government to meet the real educational needs of the South Sudan. For practical and security reasons as well. as for the fact that the Sudan Government censors research on policy issues it was not feasible to carry out the investigation in the Sudan. The researcher however was motivated and influenced by the availability of resource persons and the convenience of carrying out the empirical work within the LJK. The study puts into proper perspective the impact of the educational policies on educational development in the South Sudan which, to some extent, was compounded by the lack of unity among the southern politicians. The research has filled in some of the gaps in the existing knowledge about education in the South Sudan. It provides a vital insight upon which future action regarding the direction for educational development in the South Sudan could unfold.
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Ibrahim, I. E. "Agro-based industries and the industrialization impasse in the Sudan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234600.
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This work is a study of the agro-based industries and their future prospects in relation to the industrialization process in the Sudan. It considers the historical' background of the emergence of the modern manufacturing sector with emphasis on the 1970-83 period. This period witnessed the formulation of an industrialization strategy explicitly emphasizing a central role for industries based on the processing of agricultural raw materials. Processing of agricultural products as a distinct path to industrialization has been more advocated than studied. This thesis questions the rationale behind such path and its suitability as a strategy of industrialization for late late comers. The study suggests an alternative framework for re-examining such rationale with reference to and in light of the wider debate on trade and development strategies; interpretation of the historical experiences; and trends in technical change. The study examines the complex interaction of internal and external factors at the level of strategy formulation, implementation, and operation-that led to the present industrialization impasse. In doing so it suggests that the stagnation and decline in primary production is central to the understanding of that of the pattern of ·development of the manufacturing sector. On the question of performance, the thesis shows that despite vigorous expansion in the production capacities of the agro-based industries, its output grew at an extremely low rate during the 1970s. Capacity utilization was held down and the manufacturing sector actual capacity to supply goods and services for the economy and for itself declined sharply and because of built-in biases, the strategy led to the accentuation of regional disparities and reinforced the inherited lop-sided structure of the economy. The study shows that the profitability in the commodity producing sectors was maintained and/or augmented by direct state action made possible because of favourable external financial inflows. However, with the slow down in external financial inflows,' mounting external debts, building up of import intensities throughout the production structure and the decline in the state's accumulative and allocative capacities such pattern of reproduction became far less feasible. Furthermore, the study shows that the potential for rapid extensive expansion of agriculture, that eased the accumulation crisis in the 1960s and made possible its phase of industrialization, has shown clear signs of exhaustion. ( Finally the study concludes that the agro-based industries can only be a component of a broader industrialization strategy that encompasses the simultaneous building up of those branches that are capable of expanding its capacity and that of the whole economy, servicing and supplying it with the skills necessary for its efficient operation.
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Ahmed, Asia Maccawi. "Developing small-scale enterprises for rural women : the experience of UNDP in rural Kordofan-Sudan." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294724.
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Abdelgadir, Ehsan Mohamed Elriah. "Gender violence in conflict situations : the case of abduction of women and children in Sudan." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/951.
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"The research primarily investigated the causes of abduction of women and children in conflict areas in Sudan. In doing this, it addressed the effects of abduction on women and children and considered some solutions to the problems identified. The study is significant because it examines an area hitherto not addressed that is, the abduction of women and children as a result of conflict between Sudanese tribes. It differs from earlier studies, which limit their examination to the abduction of children as soldiers. An additional aim of this research is to raise the awareness of the international community's efforts at stopping the practice of abduction, with a view of ensuring that the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) are educated about the problem. Though the main focus of my research is abduction that arises from clashes among tribes, a portion of it has been dedicated to the issue of abduction of children by the SPLA for the purpose of engaging them as soldiers. Some International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) described the abduction of women and children as slavery, this allegation arose from the fact that the abductees were subjected to forced labour such as cutting trees for fuel and herding cattle under harsh conditions. However, the Sudanese Government and other INGOs such as the Sudan Foundation in United Kingdom have challenged this claim. Sudan, which is the largest country in Africa, is approximately 2,505,810 sg Km. Its large size constitutes the main obstacle that sets back serious efforts in the area of resolving human rights violations. The illiteracy of the poeole, especially in rural areas, plays an important role in the perpetuation of some repugnant traditions and customs that decrease the chances of interaction among the different tribes and groups in some parts of the Sudan. Disputes of socio-economic nature occasionlly arise between tribes in the war zone areas due to scarcity of water and pasture for the people and the animals. These tribal disputes, which lead to the abduction of women and children of one tribe by another, caused the Ministry of Justice in Sudan to issue an order which led to the establishment of the Committee for the Eradication of Abduction of Women and Children (CEAWC). The Committee of which I am a member, is mandated to investigate and trace abducted women and children for the purpose of retrieval." -- Introduction.Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Sylvia Tamale at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2001.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Malual, Joseph Deng. "Sustainable livelihoods analysis of post-conflict rural development in southern Sudan." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Yoder, Celeste J. "The Role of Aid Providers in the Development of South Sudan." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243351292.
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Nour, Osama Abu Zied Nogid El. "Development projects implemented by NGOs for internally displaced persons in Sudan." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144973.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第11674号
人博第280号
新制||人||70(附属図書館)
16||171(吉田南総合図書館)
23317
UT51-2005-D423
京都大学大学院人間･環境学研究科人間･環境学専攻
(主査)教授 杉万 俊夫, 教授 ベッカー カール, 助教授 岡 真理
学位規則第4条第1項該当
23
Matata, Khamis Charles. "Evaluating integrated participatory planning in a decentralised governance system: the case of Yei River County, Southern Sudan." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006985.
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Local government is an important level of participatory democracy, where communities play an active role not only as the electorate, but also as end-users and consumers, and thereby holding their municipal councils accountable for their actions. Given the above statement, the interim Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011, entrusts local government with the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. It also provides for the promotion of social and economic development and the promotion of a safe and healthy environment. This also entails the need for a commitment to service delivery hence, public representatives and public officials must take seriously their obligation to render services to the people that could be in the form of ensuring that refuse gets collected, electricity being supplied and other services rendered which better the general welfare of citizens. There are several definitions of public participation, but it can be defined as a process of empowering citizens by involving them in making decisions on all issues that concern them, which can be political, social or economic. The main aim of this study was to, investigate and identify the nature and extent of integrated participatory planning in Yei River County and the extent to which opportunities for public participation are accessible to the communities. The study sought to investigate: How different stakeholders in the community in Yei River County make use of public participation opportunities during the integrated participatory planning process? As such, the main objectives of the study were to; to assess the existing integrated participatory planning practices in Yei River County, to examine and evaluate how the existing integrated participatory planning practices influence service delivery in Yei River County and lastly to identify the barriers to effective integrated participatory planning in YRC and advance recommendations for improvement. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used and data was collected from a sample of two hundred and twenty-six (226) public officials, comprising of Local Government officials, County councillors and members of the public. Results from the data collected using open and close-ended questionnaires, showed that public participation is very important in local government planning as it leads to incorporation of public suggestions and interests in the development strategies. The results further showed that public meetings and workshops were the only public participation mechanisms being used by Yei River County. The study therefore recommended among other things that, Yei River County should strengthen public participation in integrated participatory planning by providing adequate skilled human resources and establishing structures, as well as public participation mechanisms at the Payam and Boma levels. It was also recommended that the communities needed to utilise all available mechanisms of participation to ensure maximum participation during the integrated participatory planning processes.
24
Hahs, Brinkley Catherine. "Teacher Education in Central Equatoria, South Sudan." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10025734.
Full textAbstract:
Without education, many South Sudanese will continue living in poverty. There are numerous factors that limit their educational opportunities including tribal warfare, colonialism, missionary malpractice, civil wars, a high illiteracy rate, low government funding, and threats of war. These factors have left a substantial deficiency in available training for teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the pedagogical needs of the teachers of South Sudan. Within a conceptual framework of participatory action research, this qualitative study examined educators’ view of the effectiveness of the teacher education that they had received, the pedagogical needs of teachers, and the ideal training models for teachers given the country’s current situation. The research design was a case study focusing on 5 primary and secondary schools. The mode of data collection was interviews and observations among 15 K-16 educators and educator leaders selected by snowball sampling. Observations and interviews took place in school classrooms and campuses, best suited for data collection as South Sudanese are, for the most part, a preliterate people who value listening and storytelling. Themes found related to classroom management, lesson planning, differentiated instruction, and motivation to teach. Key results indicated that the teachers had little to no preparation, varied in their motivation to teach, and perceived challenges and needs differently based on their level of education. A 5-day teacher-training project was developed. Social change will be achieved by improving teachers’ ability to successfully educate the next generation of leaders for South Sudan.
25
Akuany, Deng Dongrin. "The political consequences of uneven development in Sudan : an analysis of political struggles, with special reference to the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA)." Thesis, University of Hull, 1990. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5659.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the origins and process of contemporary uneven development, regional disparities and political violence as reflected in the recurrent civil wars in Sudan. The Study confirmed the general outcry from the masses, that socioeconomic and political disparities and injustices imposed on the Sudanese people by Anglo-Egyptian Colonialism have been continued and expanded by the neo-colonial state under the Sectarian Jallaba leaders who inherited both political and economic power, after political independence. All peaceful demands for socio-economic and political equality and justice by the masses from the most backward areas have always been violently suppressed by the neo-colonial state. As a result, several political and liberation movements including SPLA/SPLM emerged. The Study argues that all attempts by successive governments in Khartoum to solve the current problems have failed because they did not correctly recognize the root causes of the problems and have instead continued to impose Islamization, Arabization and the policies of 'divide and rule' as a strategy to maintain the status quo and to strengthen the process of economic and political alienation of the majority of Sudanese people. The author concludes that the most acceptable solution to the majority of Sudanese people would be to replace what this thesis characterizes as a settler neo-colonial state, with a new national democratic secular federal state in which the Sudanese people, regardless of race and creed can live in peace and prosperity.
26
Khamis, Emmanuel Abusingia. "An investigation into the recruitment procedures in the Public Service: a case study of the Ministry of Labour, Public Service and Human Resources Development- Republic of South Sudan-Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006965.
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This document is a research report (Thesis) on the topic an Investigation in to the Recruitment Procedures in the Public Service a case study of the Ministry of Labour Public Service and Human Resource Development Republic of South Sudan. In line with the objectives, the study established a significant number of policies and legislations that guide recruitment in the ministry and in the South Sudan Public Service. The findings of the study revealed that recruitment procedures exist in the public service of South Sudan amidst challenges. The researcher provided recommendations to the challenges in the last chapter of this thesis. However, there will be a need for further research on some of the issues that affect recruitment in the ministry as provided by the respondents of this study. These issues are discussed in chapter four. Thus recruitment is very important to research on further in the Public Service of South Sudan so as to ensure efficient and effective service delivery through recruiting competent staff.
27
Abdelqayoum, Ali Bashir A. "Non-governmental organizations and development in the Sudan : relations with the state and institutional strengthening." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42550.
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This dissertation is unique in looking at Sudanese NGOs and not at the INGOs in Sudan. Most of the literature concentrates on the role of INGOs in Sudan and neglect the contribution of Sudanese NGOs. The research offers a corrective to these stereotype created by the literature on Sudanese NGOs. This study focuses on important aspects of the voluntary sector in the Sudan. It describes informal traditional practices and indigenous associations, like communal labor, rotating savings and credit associations, and migrant associations. Although these social forms have been given some attention in the third world studies literature, the subject has never been dealt with systematically in the field of Sudanese studies. The study reveals the strengths and weaknesses of Sudanese NGOs. It doesn't, however exaggerate the role of Sudanese NGOs, given the local context. On the other hand we can not underestimate their contribution to poverty reduction efforts and peace process and in realization of rights in the last two decades. The study focuses on the present political situation in the Sudan, including the regime's institutions and its social organizations on the one hand and the position of social and political oppositions on the other. It shows how Islamic movement uses religion and power to sustain and protect a system which has lost its credibility and legitimacy among many Sudanese citizens. It focuses on the rise of the National Islamic Front (NIF), its growth and development from a small political party to the third political power, based on the election of 1986, and to a party of full ruling power as a result of the NIF military coup of 1989. It also discusses and analyzes the nature of the government organizations and the causes leading to the failure of the Islamic project in the country. The rise of Islamic movement in Sudan can be viewed as part of the decline of local initiatives as the center of the social capital. The rapid changing situation in Sudan since 1989 is gathering by new momentum with the government policies of control and restriction, on the one hand, and with the increasing numbers of civil society organizations seeking to legitimize their identity and recognition, on the other hand. The study discusses the NIF-NGO relations and concludes by raising issues of concern and discussing the way out as an alternative approach contributing to development process.
28
Abdelseed, Abdelseed Ibrahim. "Oral health status, knowledge, attitudes and practice among pregnant women attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3760.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The aim of the research was to determine oral health status, knowledge, attitude and practicesv regarding oral hygiene among pregnant women attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.
29
Elkhalifa, Abdel Rahman Ibrahim. "Development and future of English Law and Islamic Law in the Sudan." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97844.
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This thesis addresses The Development and The Future of English and Islamic Law within the given historical, political, social and legal context of the Sudan. In so doing it uses a comparative methodology. Part I highlights the genesis and the development of Islamic Law in the Sudan over three centuries. Emphasis is on the legal aspect of this long history, though other relevant factors are highlighted as well. The characteristics of this era are significant in understanding later developments of both English and Islamic Law as well as their future in the Sudan. Part II focuses on the factors that were conductive to the development of English Law from 1899 to 1956. It examines how the British investment in English legal education, legal training, dissemination of English language and different aspects of the Sudanese public life created a factor of unexpressed consciousness of legal training and affinity which led to the ultimate adoption of English Law and the assimilation of the Sudan into the English legal heritage. Part III presents how the generation of the Sudanese lawyers who were reared in the colonial era enhanced the development of English Law after the independence. Their methodology of adopting and not adapting English Law is thoroughly examined. [...]Cette thèse traite du développement et de l’avenir de la loi anglaise et islamique dans le contexte historique, politique, social et légal du Soudan. Pour se faire, elle utilise une méthodologie comparative. La partie 1 souligne l’origine et le développement de la loi islamique au Soudan sur une période de trois siècles. L’emphase porte sur l’aspect légal de cette longue histoire, bien que d’autres facteurs significatifs soient également mentionnés. Les caractéristiques de cette période sont nécessaires afin de comprendre le développement ultérieur de la loi anglaise et islamique ainsi que leur avenir au Soudan. La partie il traite des facteurs qui ont mené au développement de la loi anglaise de 1899 à 1956. Elle analyse la facon dont l’investissement britanique dans l’éducation et la formation juridiques anglaises, et dans la dissémination de la langue anglaise, ainsi que les différent aspects de la vie publique soudanaise ont créé une certaine affinité dans les milieux juridiques soudanais avec la loi anglaise; ce qui a abouti à son adoption ultime et à l’assimilation du Soudan dans l’héritage juridique anglais. La partie III présente la facon dont les générations d’avocats soudanais, formés au cours de la période de colonisation, ont participé au développement de la loi anglaise après l’indépendance. Leur méthodologie dans l’adoption et l’adaptation de la loi anglaise est analysée entièrement. [...]
30
Abdelrahman, Omer Ali. "History and development of the law of contract in Sudan (1898-2000)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416620.
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Fre, Zeremamiam. "Pastoral development in Eritrea and Eastern Sudan : implications for livestock extension programmes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366228.
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Higo, Higo Abdel-Wahid. "Research-based action in the process of socio-economic development in Sudan." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319768.
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Tomiak, Kerstin. "To train a watchdog : media development, statebuilding and measurement in South Sudan." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/105016/.
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Attempts to build a free press are routinely made in countries experiencing violent conflict or the aftermath thereof. A free press, defined as a press that holds governments accountable, is thought of as an important part of an emerging democracy. The role of media development projects is nevertheless under-researched. Most examinations of such projects are done by practitioners active in media development. This thesis contributes to the emerging academic literature on media development and its role in statebuilding. It does so by investigating media development in the new state of South Sudan. Ethnographic observations, a social survey, and unstructured interviews have been applied during a fieldwork spell in Juba, which lasted from November 2014 to August 2015. The application of three methods allowed for an in-depth investigation of the South Sudanese understanding of media, which differed significantly from the aims of western media experts implementing media development projects. Furthermore, the thesis compares the strengths and weaknesses, and the results delivered, by each utilised research method, and thus investigates how these methods perform in a country of the global South. I argue that the various understandings of media in South Sudan differ significantly from the thinking and practices of western media practitioners. In South Sudan, this resulted in a deteriorating relationship between the country’s government and its international donors and led to problems for the newly trained journalists. Furthermore, my results show the limitations of using just one method in a country of the global South; and they provide an argument for bricolage, a research approach that combines perspectives, theories, and methods, when researching policy-relevant questions in environments where the researcher is not a cultural native.
34
Curless, Gareth Michael. "Economic development, labour policy, and trade unions in the Sudan, 1898-1958." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/10861.
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Like many other African colonies, the Sudan experienced a period of sustained industrial unrest during the late 1940s. The Workers’ Affairs Association (WAA), the representative body for Sudanese railway workers, led a two year campaign of strikes during 1947 and 1948. The escalating labour unrest provoked considerable unease among British officials in the Sudan Government. Not only was there a fear that the strikes might escalate into broader anti-colonial protest but the sustained campaign of industrial unrest also caused significant disruption to the economy. During the strikes the export of cotton - the Sudan Government’s principal source of revenue - was delayed and the movement of other essential goods was severely restricted. The thesis argues that the economic dislocation caused by the strikes, which coincided with growing concerns about rising anti-colonial nationalism and imperial decline, meant that labour discipline among key sector workers was the primary objective for the late colonial state. Although the protests in the Sudan were part of the broader strike wave that was sweeping through the African continent in the late 1940s, it has largely been excluded from the historiography of this period – primarily because of the Sudan’s unique status as a ‘Condominium’ of Britain and Egypt. Through an analysis of the Sudan Government’s labour policy, the thesis challenges this notion of exceptionality, demonstrating that the British officials of the Sudan Political Service (SPS) were animated by similar concerns and motivations to their counterparts elsewhere in colonial Africa. With this in mind, the thesis aims to address two broad research objectives. Firstly, to examine the causes of the industrial unrest: investigating the relationship between the structure of the economy, social organisation, and post-war economic conditions. Secondly, to analyse the Sudan Government’s response to the labour protests, documenting how immediate economic concerns, combined with post-war ideas relating to industrial relations management and social welfare, shaped colonial labour policy.
35
Ahmed, El-Sayed Abbas. "An empirical study of the financing of small enterprise development in Sudan." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376445.
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Burke, Brenda Ann Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Islam in the Sudan; the impact of religion, and religious elites, on development." Ottawa, 1988.
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Furat, Mina. "Rural Development And Women." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615576/index.pdf.
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This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquos empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo
s organizations (two women&rsquo
s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo
s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as
psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.
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Leeson, Kate. "Women, development and empowerment /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl4868.pdf.
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Crowder, Kay Baxter. "Crisis at the crossroads: the conjuncture of internal and external impediments to development in Sudan." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43395.
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The conventional theoretical and analytical debate surrounding
contemporary African underdevelopment attempts to
classify or label the impediments to development primarily
within an internal-external dichotomy_ This thesis questions
the internal-external approach in that it may limit the opportunity
to examine the situation more in terms of a single
process, blending the forces that hinder political and economic
growth. The case of the Sudan illustrates this
'holistic' concept in that certain fundamental constraints
wi thin the Sudan combined with specific external factors
place severe limitations on both the economic and political
development of the country. The tradi tional disunity and
absence of a legitimate political authority within the Sudan,
combined with the Sudan's inteqration into the world economic
system, has created a situation that is detrimental to development.
Rather than place the blame or responsibility for
underdevelopment on any particular set of forces, t have examined
how these forces have intertwined to create the present conditions in the Sudan, perhaps highlighting similar
situations throughout other Third World nations as well.Master of Arts
40
Kenyi, C. M. "Popular participation in development : The prospects, problems and educational possibilities for enhancing participation in rural co-operatives and community development in Yei district of southern Sudan 1972-1983." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379072.
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Legge, Mikaya Modi Lubajo. "Diplomatic relations and their impact on development: the case of South Sudan and Uganda." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15365.
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Since Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in 2005, its border with Uganda has become a hub of activities. These economic activities have been enhanced by ethnic and political relations, but also by diplomatic relations between the two countries. Contrasting developments on the Ugandan side of the border with those on the South Sudanese side, this research draws on empirical fieldwork to examine the impact of diplomatic relations on the development between both countries since 2005, with international trade as the main aspect of development. The study sets out to show how trade between both countries has been affected by the diplomatic relations between them. The post-CPA demand for goods and state-building processes created a range of economic opportunities for traders. This was particularly the case for Ugandan large-scale traders who, as a result, became an important and empowered group. These factors have further been enhanced by good diplomatic relations between both countries, and as a result South Sudan has become Uganda’s most important trading partner as well as a destination for many Ugandans to conduct their trade. Simultaneously, post-conflict problems have emerged in South Sudan such as insecurity, weak government institutions run by incompetent officials, corruption, high foreign exchange rate, cultural diversity, mistrust and poor infrastructure. These problems have emerged as major challenges to trade and investment by Ugandan traders in South Sudan with traders as well as government officials agreeing that these challenges present major setbacks to trade and investment in South Sudan. Ugandan small-scale traders in particular have become more vulnerable to expressions of authority on the part of South Sudan’s post-CPA state, in which state or individual military might is used effectively to control trade. The current conflict, which began in December 2013, has added a new dimension to the list of impediments to trade as insecurity and economic instability have precipitated an atmosphere of uncertainty among many traders and investors. Despite all those challenges, Ugandan traders as well as government officials still view South Sudan as a business destination of choice. Overall, the study confirms that diplomatic relations have enhanced international trade between South Sudan and Uganda by way of solving trade disputes, investment promotion and influencing leadership on policy matters.
42
Adam, Abdel Raouf Mohamed. "Development agencies and their clients : the case of the En Nahud smallholder agricultural project (ENSAP), Sudan." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15260.
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This thesis is concerned with rural development in Ghubeish village communities in En Nahud district, Northern Kordofan, Sudan. The area currently experiences an intervention in its traditional rain-fed agriculture by an NGO and is supposedly an area where rural development is underway. The thesis has to make use of an 'eclectic approach' which, in my view, is theoretically grounded to provide a holistic account of the development process. The 'eclectic approach' is an amlagam of the micro- and macro-approaches to development. Traditional anthropological approaches to development are mostly predicated on the too narrow premises of micro-models (e.g. transactional, actor-oriented etc.), and this renders them ill-equipped to take any account of the macro-level processes (such as local government, agencies etc.), which come directly to bear on the local scene. This, plainly, does not fully grasp the totality of the development enterprise (micro and macro). Despite being viewed as polar opposites, both the micro- and macro-approaches are necessary for the study of rural development at the local level. Rather than detracting from theoretical strength, combining such models in an overall 'eclectic approach' adds to the vigour of the theoretical analysis. Ten villages were selected for the present study, with between 274 and 1957 inhabitants. The population is from the Hamar tribe, which has historically witnessed a long process of transformation from semi-pastoralism to sedentary agriculture, combining subsistence and cash crop production. The basis of agriculture is predominantly traditional, using simple implements in a savannah environment. The majority of the inhabitants are smallholder farmers cultivating less than thirty makhamas (1 makhamas = 1.79 acres), though a significant proportion are large landowners. In addition to household labour hired labour and sharaka (share- cropping) contribute to the overall structure of the farming system. Despite the fact that land remains plentiful, expansion of the area under cultivation was restricted by capital shortage (which gave rise to informal and exploitative credit systems), and the simplicity of the agricultural technique. The intention this thesis is to bring to the foreground the views and perceptions of the people in these villages who are affected by the development project and to compare them with those held by the agency itself. It is shown that some of the respective views square and others diverge, whilst closer communication works to bridge the misunderstanding and misplaced stereotyping held by both sides. The study also shows that the government authority tends to ignore the villagers in their remoteness despite its plans for community development. Evaluation of the project shows that over the limited period of three years (mid-term) of project implementation the agency has partly succeeded in its experiment with institutionalising a low-cost and sustainable credit/extension system appropriate to the needs of smallholder farmers. But, on balance, it had had a limited impact towards reaching its goal of raising, significantly, smallholders' income.
43
Elhiraika, Adam Biraima. "Financial development and economic growth in a less developed country : Sudan, 1960-1988." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320514.
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Osman, Abdelwahab A. M. "The political and ideological development of the Muslim brotherhood in Sudan, 1945-1986." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328855.
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Awadelkarim, Khalid Said Ahmed. "The development of quality management in Sudan : an empirical study of implementation factors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446371.
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Ahmed, Osman Babikir. "The contribution of Islamic banking to economic development : the case of the Sudan." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1143/.
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Wood, Helen Frances. "Variations in access to domestic water supply in En Nahud District, Sudan." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6195/.
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The central aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of variation in access to domestic water supply in a semi-arid, non-riverain area of Sudan. En Nahud District, in North Kordofan Province, was selected for study because it has existing water supply problems and contains distinct spatial variations in geology, which affects the potential for development of underground water resources. Fieldwork in Sudan was carried out between July and December 1988, and information was collected from a range of sources using a variety of methods. The latter included: semi-structured household interviews conducted with women; key informant interviews; observation; and various published and unpublished articles and data sets. In the thesis, the first chapter introduces the national and international context of this study. Past and present water supply development policies and projects in the Sudan are outlined, and set against the goals of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. In the second chapter, the research methodology is discussed. Attempt was made to overcome the several spatial, temporal social and economic biases which have occurred in other studies. In the third chapter, the thesis is placed in the physical and socio-economic context of the Province, and the dynamic relationship between water supply and demand is outlined. The following three chapters focus upon the primary constraints which limit access to domestic water supply: water availability; at-source costs; and transportation costs. The components of each, and the way in which they operate to restrict access, are investigated in relation to varying family resources and requirements. The borrowing of carriage resources and the purchase of transportation services are examined as strategies for overcoming families' internal collection-capacity constraints. Finally, seasonal outmigration is discussed as an important response to inadequate access to water supply. In its conclusion, this thesis shows clearly the importance of examining access to water at the family scale: inter-household variations, such as the ownership of carriage animals and varying labour resources, are shown to be influential in affecting household water supply strategies.
48
Kujjo, Cosmas Pitia. "MINERAL EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/64.
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South Sudan, a new country formed in 2011, has been planning to develop its mineral sector by allocating exploration licenses to investors. This decision requires preliminary knowledge of geology and mineral occurrences, both of which are unavailable because the country has been engaged in a civil war for more than 50 years. Exploration of mineral resources in South Sudan has lagged behind its petroleum industry, except for artisanal gold mining, which is practiced intermittently by local communities. Freely available satellite gravity and remote-sensing data were used to map the basement architecture as well as zones of hydrothermal alteration in the Didinga Hills; both basement architecture and hydrothermal alteration are of prime importance in exploration and development of mineral resources in the study area. Qualitative interpretation of gravity data is consistent with the known geology of petroleum fields and the Precambrian basement complex. Remote-sensing data and techniques—optimal band combination, band ratioing, and principal component analysis—have been effective in extracting information related to lithology, hydrothermal alteration, and geologic structures. The resulting basic information and methods have identified additional prospective exploration areas where more detailed gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic, and seismic surveys should be carried out; this will assist decision makers in matters related to land use, mineral titles, and exploration of natural resources, and lead to prosperity for the new nation of South Sudan.
49
Grabska, Katarzyna. "In-flux:(re)negotiations of gender, identity and ‘home’ in post-war Southern Sudan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2525/.
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Elatta, Taha Mohamed. "An analysis of indigenous Sudanese graphic imagery and implications for curriculum development in art education." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4090.
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