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1
Nickerson, Rebecca. "The Formidable Widow: Comparing the Representations and Life Accounts of Widows in 17th Century England." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 3 (December 18, 2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/gbuujh.v3i0.1695.
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The status and degree of agency of widows have changed along with societal perceptions of them throughout the centuries. Widows in 17th century England were afforded greater legal rights than the average contemporary woman, and yet their status as widows made them subject to a wide degree of stereotypes within popular forms of media at the time. Studies on the lives of these women have been limited to mainly legal rights, sexuality, literature studies and case studies of their day to day experiences. This paper examines specific perceptions of widows within contemporary forms of media and compares them to case studies of the lived experiences of widows. This examination takes place in order to determine if a dichotomy between the ideas of how a widow would live and act within her status of legal power matched up with the actual lived experiences of these women.
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HAYANI, KHADIJA El. "Marrakech in Travel Literature." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul251.
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The paper aims to examine images of Marrakech in travel literature and their relevance to and impact on tourism. Many of the pioneer works conducted by painters, writers or simply adventurers from the 17th century to the beginning of 20th century depict Morocco as a no man’s land; a country inhabited by savage, fierce looking men, living in a primitive, atavistic society. Their customs, beliefs, and behavior were exotic if not weird and therefore deserving anthropological research. Women were also subjects of much conjecture and criticism. They were often depicted behind barred windows, and closed doors, subservient, walking non- entities, draped in ‘haiks’ and veiled. They existed only for the pleasure of men. These stereotypes continue to inflame the imagination of tourists heading to Marrakech today. In this connection, Jemaa Elfna is considered the heart and soul of the city particularly because it caters to the fantasies of the tourists looking for exoticism. My purpose is to demystify the place and critique what it stands for. The snake charmers, henna ladies, disguised prostitution and homosexuality, con dentists and monkey trainers, who populate the place, in no way reflect the richness and authenticity of the country or the hospitality of the people
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Caldwell, Patricia. "Why Our First Poet Was a Woman: Bradstreet and the Birth of an American Poetic Voice." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005226.
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Anne Bradstreet has come a long way since John Harvard Ellis hailed her over a century ago as “the earliest poet of her sex in America.” Today, more justly, we view Bradstreet simply as “the first authentic poetic artist in America's history” and even as “the founder of American literature.” At the same time, a more sensitive criticism is looking anew at Bradstreet's personal drama as a woman in the first years of the New England settlement: her life as a wife, as mother of eight children, as a frontier bluestocking (though still, in many critics' eyes, “restless in Puritan bonds”), and even as a feminist in the wilderness. Feminist critics in particular have revitalized our understanding of Bradstreet and her work by probing her subtle “subversion” of patriarchal traditions, both theological and poetical, and by placing her among contemporary 17th-Century women writers, making her no longer a phenomenon on the order of Doctor Johnson's dancing dog, but finally a participating voice in her age.
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Caldwell, Patricia. "Why Our First Poet Was a Woman: Bradstreet and the Birth of an American Poetic Voice." Prospects 13 (October 1988): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006670.
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Anne Bradstreet has come a long way since John Harvard Ellis hailed her over a century ago as “the earliest poet of her sex in America.” Today, more justly, we view Bradstreet simply as “the first authentic poetic artist in America's history” and even as “the founder of American literature.” At the same time, a more sensitive criticism is looking anew at Bradstreet's personal drama as a woman in the first years of the New England settlement: her life as a wife, as mother of eight children, as a frontier bluestocking (though still, in many critics' eyes, “restless in Puritan bonds”), and even as a feminist in the wilderness. Feminist critics in particular have revitalized our understanding of Bradstreet and her work by probing her subtle “subversion” of patriarchal traditions, both theological and poetical, and by placing her among contemporary 17th-Century women writers, making her no longer a phenomenon on the order of Doctor Johnson's dancing dog, but finally a participating voice in her age.
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문희순. "The Life and Literature of Ok-Jae Lee the Woman Poet in the 17th century." EOMUNYEONGU 72, no. ll (June 2012): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17297/rsll.2012.72..009.
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Samsonowska, Krystyna. "„Niewiasty kresowe”." Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 9 (September 30, 2018): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.09.2017.09.01.
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Women of the Kresy. The Female in the Works of Józef Antoni Rolle – from History to Literature and MythThe article offers an analysis of depictions of women in Józef Apolinary Rolle’s literary output. The source material are Rolle’s numerous short stories published in a number of collections and series in 1872-1894, including a collection entitled Women of the Kresy. In his works Rolle created the myth of woman of the eastern territories of interwar Poland (Kresy Wschodnie), a courageous amazon, a female warrior, by sketching portraits of historical gures of the 16th and 17th centuries. In the short story entitled Women in Kamianets under Turkish Siege (1672) the author expressed this myth in a collective portrait of women of different nationalities and faiths who defended the fortress of Kamianets Podil’skij against the Turks. In other works Rolle depicted women engaged in politics and struggling to strengthen their family’s position. The latter attitude became dominant in the 18th century, when women were no longer directly engaged in warfare. The women described by Rolle enjoy considerable individual freedom, which provides thems with more opportunities (including the freedom to choose a husband and the freedom to divorce) compared to their compatriots in the Polish west. Women who lived in partitioned Poland in the 19th century were depicted by Rolle as ones who were responsible for the family, and for the transmission of family traditions, which fits in with the myth of the Polish Mother. More broadly, the image of women of the Kresy fits in with the myth of the region itself. This tradition was continued and developed in the early 20th century by the author’s son, the historian and publicist, Michał Rolle, among others.
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Michalak, Laurence. "MOHJA KAHF, Western Representations of the Muslim Woman: From Termagant to Odalisque (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999). Pp. 207. $16.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (November 2001): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801344070.
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The Muslim woman—secluded, oppressed, and either longing for liberation or ignorant in her false consciousness—has been an enduring topos in the Western imagination since the spread of Islam. Right? Wrong. Mohja Kahf explains that in fact “the question of the liberty, or lack thereof, of the Muslim woman” does not appear until around the 17th century, and the image of the subjugated Muslim woman, with its trappings of harems and veils, does not reach full fruition until the 18th and 19th centuries. If we go back to the 8th century, even after the Muslims had conquered Spain and part of France, there was a lack of European curiosity about Muslims and a tendency to see them as just another enemy who was not particularly different from the pagans of Europe. Orientalism and its gendered images came much later and were based on and helped to justify Western domination over the East, especially during the rise and heyday of colonialism. What, then, was the European image of the Orient—in particular, of Muslim women—during the many centuries before Orientalism, when the Muslim world was as powerful as, or even more powerful than, Europe? Kahf answers this question by introducing us to a series of fictional Muslim women from European literature of the Middle Ages through the late Romantic period.
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Frolova, M. V. "Indonesian Yusuf and Zulaikha: Short Story “The Apple and the Knife” by Intan Paramaditha (2008)." Orientalistica 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-1-247-262.
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The short story “Apple and Knife” (2008) by Indonesian writer Intan Paramaditha (born in 1979) is analysed within the comparative-typological framework of the Biblical and Quranic narrative about Yusuf and Zulaikha. The continuity of the motif transposition is traced from the literatures of the Middle East to that of the peoples of Nusantara who embraced Islam later. The intermediary was the Javanese Serat Yusup, which dates back to the 17th century. The literary skills and methods by Intan Paramaditha’s find their place somewhere in between the feminist literary criticism and horror stories. The deconstruction of some elements of the traditional narrative about Yusuf (e.g. the episode with the noble Egyptian women) makes the popular story to sound more meaningful to the readers of the modern Indonesian literature. In its turn, it sheds some light on the political and social developments of the “re-Islamized” island state of Indonesia.The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
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Hafidzi, Anwar, Rusdiyah Rusdiyah, and Nurdin Nurdin. "Arranged Marriage: Adjusting Kafa’ah Can Reduce Trafficking of Women." Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v5i2.1991.
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This study aims to find the concept of match making or coercion in marriage against women. Women are more sensitive to match making issues and express disagreement with practices that violate women’s rights and endanger their future. However, previous researchers also considered match making coercion, sowe tried to research what if it was adapted to the concept of kafa'ah according to Shariah. The method used in this researchis a literature review by looking at the book an-nikah by Shaykh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari, written in the 17th century AD. Through a hermeneuticalapproach, the researcher explores the marriage problems that her parents thought to becornering women in marriage problems. We try to uncover marriage problems that are sometimes considered to push women into marriage problems by their parents. This research proves that the concept of kafa'ah in al-Banjari theory can eliminate the perception of match making with a coercive system, because in the kafa'ah what is prioritized is a person's faith relationship which is ultimatelyable to maintain the honor of his wife and family. Not only in terms of material, but more inclined to approach immaterial needs. The Immaterial approach is evidenced by the harmonious relationship between the two families of the bride and groom.
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Im, Mihyun. "A Study on Women’s Chivalry Painting(女俠圖) in the Late Joseon Dynasty." Paek-San Society 124 (December 31, 2022): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2022.124.315.
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First appearing in unofficial records during the Later Han period in China, Women’s Chivalry became a frequent topic of literature in the Tang Dynasty and fictions such as Hongsun and Sugeunrang garnered popularity. Later in the Ming Dynasty, illustrations were inspired by literature with women as protagonists based on the success of a variety of plays and novels, also resulting in artists producing paintings on Women’s Chivalry.
Meanwhile in Joseon, as a result of two wars, chivalry was an emerging interest in literature, drawing attention to novels and paintings on Women’s Chivalry as well. Introduced in the Goryeo Dynasty, Chinese novels on Women’s Chivalry became widely popular and read and in the 17th century, and paintings on Women’s Chivalry such as Guyoung’s Yuhyupdo and Maeng Youngkwang’s Paegummiindo were circulated and appreciated among writers. In Korea, Women's Chivalry became a frequent topic of painting during the Late Joseon Dynasty with the main character of the Tang Dynasty’s novel Hongsun as a prominent inspiration. The reason for this prominence of Hongsun appears to be a combination of factors, including the impact of Chinese literature, the impact of artists such as Guyoung and Maeng Youngkwang and their paintings of Women’s Chivalry, and the association with naksindo paintings. Iconically, images reminiscent of sword dance were drawn with a beautiful woman holding a sword with her robe fluttering in the wind.
Paintings of Women’s Chivalry in the Late Joseon Dynasty can be represented by eight paintings; iconically, the paintings can be classified into Maeng Youngkwang’s (孟永光, 1590-1648) style and Yunduseo’s (尹斗緖, 1668-1715) style. In Mangyunggwang’s paintings, the women produce a static atmosphere as she stands or sits gazing at somewhere, while in Yunduseo’s paintings, the paintings have a strong dynamic image as women are shown flying in the air motivated by a scene from a novel.
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Ognjenović, Svjetlana. "VINEGAR TOM: A PLAY ABOUT WITCHES WITH NO WITCHES IN IT." Folia linguistica et litteraria XI, no. 33 (2020): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.33.2020.3.
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Although it focuses on the 17th century witch hunt, the play Vinegar Tom actually dramatises historical degradation of women and their ultimate demonization in the form of witches. Challenging the official version of the story of ‘witches’, Caryl Churchill reveals the truth about them as “old, poor, single, or sexually unconventional” women (Churchill, 1985). Following her lead, our intention was to reveal and elaborate on how female sexuality, transgressive imagination and healing skills became a threat to the Church and its dogma, and how this triple threat actually represents a set of three most common accusations against the witches. Furthermore, in the style of new historicist literary approach, we will try to relate this horrendous attack on women with the rise of capitalism and Protestantism, two repressive ideologies that not only legitimized this misogynist campaign but planned it and organized it on the state level. What makes this play significant even today is its contemporariness which is underlined, among other things, by the direct address to audience and the use of modern dresses on stage. Thus, our concluding point would be that every historical period has its own “witches” – be it entire races, groups or individual dissidents.
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Khandhar, Diren Ashok, and Manimangai Mani. "The Role of Culture and Society in the Development of Plot in Tanushree Podder’s Escape from Harem and Gita Mehta’s A River Sutra: A Feminist Reading." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 56 (July 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.56.44.
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Culture and Society are often the main gist of most novels. These two factors often influence and control the characters, thus helping in the development of the plot. A plot, as defined by Egan (1978), is used to indicate an outline of events and serves as a skeleton in a literary piece. In other words, it is a tool in making sure the main incidents or scenarios are presented in a particular order to establish a clear understanding of what is being written. Culture and society plays the essence in a novel as it constructs these main ideas in engaging the interest of a reader and also extends the intended message of the particular writer. This paper looks into how culture and society helps in developing the plots of the selected novels using the feminist approach. Tanushree Podder’s, Escape from Harem (2013) and Gita Mehta’s A River Sutra (1993) amazingly are both set in India. Podder and Mehta have inserted the perception society had over women and how male supremacy was glorified in many aspects. The essence of feminist approach was very much present in these two novels. According to Tyson (2006), feminism concerns the ways in which literature undermines the economic, political, social and psychological oppression on women. Though the setting of both novels fall in different eras but the theme of female oppression remains the same. The patriarchal society uses culture and religion as a tool to control women and oppress them. Both authors have shown how the women in the 17th century and in the 20th century face the same kind of judgment from the society and men in general.
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Garzaniti, Marcello. ""THE DISCOURSE ON INSTABILITY AND CHAOS" BY MAXIM THE GREEK. AT THE SOURCES OF VASILIJA’S LAMENTATION." Russkaya literatura 1 (2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2021-1-55-70.
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The article suggests that the female protagonist of the Lamentation, supposedly written in the mid-17th century, is an allegorical personifi cation of «power», a woman named Vasilija, dressed in widowhood and surrounded by wild beasts. Her lamentation contains numerous references to the prophecies of the Old Testament prophets. The character evokes the image of the «virgin caste» of Pauline origin (2 Cor. 11, 1–2), used by Savonarola in his canzone De Ruina Ecclesiae. Maxim elaborates this Savonarolian model, taking into account the canzone De Ruina Mundi, on the basis of a complex and neatly orchestrated biblical exegesis that highlights the allegory not only in relation to the Russian State, but as projected on the universal history, illustrating the relationship between earthly power and the «kingdom of heaven» in eschatological terms.
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Kaczor-Scheitler, Katarzyna. "Zmartwychwstanie Pańskie w norbertańskim rękopisie „Kontemplacyja męki i śmierci Chrystusa Pana [...]” (1662)." Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne, no. 31 (September 14, 2018): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pst.2017.31.11.
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The subject of the article is the analysis of 17th century meditations about the Resurrection of Christ included in the manuscript collection of the Norbertine Sisters in Zwierzyniec. The reflection covers the traditions about the triumph of the glorified Lord, the women’s visit to the Lord’s Tomb, the announcement of the Resurrection to the women, Christ offering fish to his disciples, Christ’s meeting with Mary Magdalene and the disciples on their way to Emaus. The mode of presentation of these themes emphasizes a number of dogmas and truths of faith, mostly about the Resurrection of Christ and his divine nature. It is demonstrated in the article that the Norbertine texts were based not only on Gospels, but also on apocryphal sources and emblematic representations. The deliberations clarify that the author probably intended not only to report the course of events, but first of all to give a testimony of faith, to assert the real resurrection of the crucified Christ. An insight into the issue of the Resurrection of Christ in the light of biblical tradition and Old Polish literature is also offered.
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Urban-Godziek, Grażyna. "Alborada iberyjska. Kobieca pieśń spotkania o świcie, XI–XVII wiek." Wielogłos, no. 3 (48) (2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.21.019.15034.
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Iberian Alborada. The Woman’s Song at the Dawn, 11th-17th Century The aim of the article is to define the genre of alborada, referring to its oldest Iberian forms, Mozarabic and Portuguese, and showing its evolution in the Early Modern Castilian poetry. This study will therefore serve as a basis for delineating the genre, which was present also in other European literatures, i.a. Polish from Renaissance to Romanticism. Iberian songs discussed here display a clear structure established in a long tradition and exploit the theme of lovers meeting at dawn, originating in the folk tradition, and implemented in Medieval formal courtly genres of kharja, cantiga de amigo (examples of Pero Meogo and Dom Dinis), and in 15th-century villancico, and entering other genres, most prominently sonnets, during the Renaissance. These multiple formal changes result in a gradual evolution of the lyrical subject of the alborada - the original complaint of a girl in love, a girl who is active and fighting for her happiness, has been transformed into a song of adoration and regret of a he-lover who serenades at nights for a lady who is mute and confined to the frame of her window. By this token, the history of the lyrical genre reflects the gradual removal of voices and subjectivity from women.
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Bennett, Lyn. "Catharine E. Gray. Women Writers and Public Debate in 17th-Century Britain. Early Modern Cultural Studies. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. viii + 250 pp. index. bibl. $69.95. ISBN: 978–1–4039–8194–9." Renaissance Quarterly 61, no. 4 (2008): 1388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.0.0296.
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Khristoforova, Olga B. ""THE TALE OF THE POSSESSED WOMAN SOLOMONIA". MYTHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS AND PARALLELS." Folklore: structure, typology, semiotics 3, no. 1 (2020): 94–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-1-94-127.
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The article discusses a masterpiece of Old Russian literature of the 17th century, “The Tale of the Possessed Woman Solomonia”, in the context of Russian and Finno-Ugric mythology. The plot of the Tale is compared to two close plot sets: about people given away to spirits of nature (lost / cursed) or taken away by said spirits (the plot of the North Russian and Finno-Ugric mythological narratives), and about the supernatural or enchanted wife (husband) (the plot is common in Russian fairy tales and in non-fairytale prose of the Finno-Ugric peoples). Consideration of the Tale in a wider mythological context allows to talk not only about the folklore origins of the Old Russian literary masterpiece or thematic unity of the literary and oral texts, but also about the work of cross-genre transmission for mythological motifs, about the logic and ideology of the plot composition in texts of different genres. In particular, it is assumed that, from the point of view of comparative mythology, the motif of sexual persecution of Solomonia by demons can be considered not a result of the influence of Western European demonology with its idea of the succubi and incubi, but an inverse of the mythological model of exogamous marriage regarding of its content, structure and function. The article offers an extension of the context in which one can think about the plot of the Old Russian tale and about weaving yet another thread into the canvas of interpretations.
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Campbell, Julie. "Faith E Beasley. Salons, History, and the Creation of 17th-Century France: Mastering Memory. Women and Gender in the Early Modern World. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006. xii + 346 pp. index. bibl. $94.95. ISBN: 0-7546-5354-4." Renaissance Quarterly 59, no. 4 (2006): 1225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0464.
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Matulionienė, Elena. "Prototypes and Change of the Ornamental Motifs Decorating the Textile Pockets from the Lithuania Minor." Tautosakos darbai 57 (June 1, 2019): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.2019.28430.
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The historical attire of women from the Lithuania Minor (Klaipėda Region) has a characteristic practical detail: a textile pocket tied at the waist, which functionally corresponds to the modern handbag or pocket. Such textile pockets are called delmonai (pl.) and are usually decorated with colorful ornaments. The purpose of this article is introducing the prototypes of the ornamental motifs in terms of intercultural comparison, employing the visual materials collected by the author and historically formed intercultural contacts. While introducing her hypothesis of possible long-term influences, the author presents décor samples from identical or related textile pockets (from the 17th century until the middle of the 20th century), discussing the possibilities of their finding way to the Lithuania Minor. Researching the change occurring in the décor motifs, the author employs comparative analysis of the traditional (from the beginning of the 19th century until 1930s) and modern (from the beginning of the 21st century) textile pockets, still used as part of the national costume of the Lithuania Minor. The origins of several decorative motifs, e.g. the wreath, the crowned musical instrument, and the flower bouquet, are analyzed in more detail. The vegetal ornaments predominate in the décor of the textile pockets from the Lithuania Minor, including blossoms, branches, bouquets, leafs, wreaths and stylized trees. Certain modes of representation have been appropriated by the folk art from professional art or textiles. The most important centers of high fashion emerging in France, Italy, and Germany, exercised certain impact on tendencies occurring in the folk handicraft. Examples of textile pockets worn by the nobility were widely promoted by the periodicals. The surviving samples of embroidery patterns indicate one of the possible sources for the textile pockets’ décor in the Lithuania Minor: namely, the printed sheets with ornamental patterns, used by the nobility and lower social classes alike. Another likely source would be functionally similar needlework by women from the neighboring countries, since textile pockets make part of the national costume there as well. Sea trade created favorable conditions for commercial and cultural interchange between neighbors. The motif of wreath, rather frequently used in the Lithuania Minor, and the occasional motif of the flower bouquet also occur on textile pockets from Pomerania (the border region between Poland and Germany). Ornamentation of the pockets from Bavaria (in Germany) is also rather close in character to the décor of the Lithuania Minor. Such congruities may be determined by several reasons. Firstly, the producers of these textile works could have had interconnections (after the onslaught of devastating plague in Europe, numerous people from Salzburg moved to the fertile but rather wasted out territories of the Lithuania Minor). Secondly, the producers could have used the same original pattern, e.g. the printed sheet. However, although the mutual influence in the needlework décor of the neighboring countries determined by their economic and cultural connections is obvious, the décor of the textile pockets from the Lithuania Minor stands out in terms of its peculiar features (particular colors, modes of décor, etc.).In terms of spreading the regional ethnic culture, the problem of preserving the regional character of the folk art acquires special significance. Although separate parts of the national costumes inevitably change as result of the technical innovations increasingly applied to their production, these costumes should still remain recognizable as a continuation of the folk attire characteristic to the particular region. The patterns of décor used while making the textile pockets nowadays follow to some extent the traditional motifs of floral compositions. Although individual authors tend to create their original compositions, the majority of the textile pockets produced as part of the national costume of the Lithuania Minor still are easily recognizable as belonging to this particular region. The ornamental motifs are not especially distanced from the original ones as well, with embroidered flower bouquets and wreaths still making the majority. However, the motifs of the bouquet placed in a bag and the crowned musical instrument have lost their popularity. Rather than just making part of the national costume of the Lithuania Minor, the textile pockets increasingly appear as part of the modern clothing characterizing its regional peculiarity.
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장준구. "Women Painters in 16th and 17th Century China." Korean Journal of Arts Studies ll, no. 21 (September 2018): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20976/kjas.2018..21.010.
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Robles Ballesteros, Tania. "Englishwomen’s petitioning strategies during the 17th century." Culture & History Digital Journal 7, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.020.
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The aim of this article is to study the contents and the diverse forms in which women wrote petitions to Parliament or to the Crown during the second half of the seventeenth-century paying attention to the hugh variety of topics chosen by them and the reception they had in society. We also intend to analyse their discourses and the strategies employed by these women with the objective of reaching their political goals.
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Almudena Vidorreta. "Women and Carriages in 17th-Century Aragonese Burlesque Poetry." Calíope 22, no. 2 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/caliope.22.2.0043.
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Ze'evi, Dror. "Women in 17th-Century Jerusalem: Western and Indigenous Perspectives." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1995): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800061869.
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In writing the history of the Middle East there is one aspect that deserves special attention: the influence of the choice of source material on the writer's point of view. Does the choice of different types of sources—in our case Western as opposed to local sources—really dictate an altogether different view of the matter under discussion? Are all sources of equal value, or should we accord each of them a different place on the scale? In this article an attempt will be made to address this question through an examination of one particular topic—the history of women in 17th-century Jerusalem.
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Rubik, Margarete. "Women in Arms: Amazons in 17th Century English Drama." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 1, no. 2 (March 31, 2014): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.1-2-5.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Lessmann, Sabina. "Susanna Maria von Sandrart: Women Artists in 17th-Century Nurnberg." Woman's Art Journal 14, no. 1 (1993): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358424.
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Gómeez Murillo, Ana Guillermina. "Women in Land Compositions in Zacatecas during the 17th century." Fuentes Humanísticas 32, no. 61 (December 6, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/fh/2020v32n61/gomez.
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Hamm, Thomas D., Margaret Benefiel, and Haven Koontz. "Women and Quakerism in the 17th Century (review)." Quaker History 83, no. 1 (1994): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/qkh.1994.0001.
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Chambert-Loir, Henri. "Islamic Law in 17th Century Aceh." Archipel, no. 94 (December 6, 2017): 51–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archipel.444.
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Dumairieh, Naser. "Revising the Assumption that Ḥadīṯ Studies Flourished in the 11th/17th-Century Ḥiǧāz: Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) Contribution." Arabica 68, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341597.
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Abstract The Ḥiǧāz in the 11th/17th century has long been considered the center of a “revival” movement in ḥadīṯ studies. This assumption has spread widely among scholars of the 11th-/17th- and 12th-/18th-century Islamic world based on the fact that the isnāds of many major ḥadīṯ scholars from almost all parts of the Islamic world from the 11th/17th century onward return to a group of scholars in the Ḥiǧāz. The scholarly group that is assumed to have played a critical role in the flourishing of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz is called the al-Ḥaramayn circle or network. However, to date, there have been no studies that investigate what was actually happening in that century concerning ḥadīṯ studies. Examining the actual ḥadīṯ studies of one of the scholars at the core of al-Ḥaramayn circle, i.e. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī, will unpack the main interest of Ḥiǧāzī scholars in ḥadīṯ literature, reveal previously unstudied aspects of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz, correct some unexamined assumptions, and situate the ḥadīṯ efforts of scholars of the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz within a general framework of developments within ḥadīṯ studies.
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hanna, nelly. "Language, literature and society in 17th and 18th century cairo." مصر الحدیثة 11, no. 11 (January 1, 2012): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/nmisr.2012.141157.
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Bátoriné Misák, Marianna. "„…ki találhat bölcs asszonyt?” Némi betekintés a 16–17. századi papnék műveltségébe." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 66, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.66.2.12.
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Abstract. “Who Can Find a Wise Woman?” Some Insights into the Education of the Wives of 16th-17th-Century Calvinist Priests. The paper examines the literacy of pastors’ wives during the 16th-17th centuries. For a long time, the opportunity for women to acquire literacy was only the privilege of the upper social strata, but literacy was not widespread among them either. This trend came to an end in the 17th century, for which period we also found examples of the literacy of urban citizens. The daughters of the lower social strata were prepared primarily to be good wives, housewives, and good mothers in the family, especially next to their mothers. Examining the preachers’ wives as a well-defined social group is a problem due to the scarcity of resources. In most cases, we know nothing but the name of the preacher’s wife, and we do not have information about their origins and families; if we do, however, then their social situation and the occupation of their parents provide a basis for research into their education. The conclusion of the research is that even if they did not receive a formal education, the 16th-17th-century Calvinist pastors’ wives were educated women. In many cases, this knowledge – primarily wisdom, life experience, and piety – and the virtues necessary for the roles of housewife, mother, and wife were the main aspects of choice for their husband. Keywords: pastor’s wife, Protestantism, literacy, 16th-17th century
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Klein, Herbert S., and Sergio T. Serrano Hernández. "WAS THERE A 17TH CENTURY CRISIS IN SPANISH AMERICA?" Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 37, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610918000101.
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AbstractTraditional historical literature has stressed a generalised crisis throughout the world in the 17th century. First proposed for Europe with its numerous dynastic, religious and state conflicts, it has now been expanded to include Asia and the Middle East as well. It was also assumed that there was a significant crisis in the Americas, a theme which until recently has dominated the traditional literature. The claim that there was such a crisis was based on a series of classic studies by Earl J. Hamilton, Chaunu and Borah, among others. But new research has challenged this hypothesis and we will examine both these new studies as well as offering our own research findings on this subject.
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Palander-Collin, Minna. "Male and female styles in 17th century correspondence: I THINK." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 2 (July 1999): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599112018.
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When 17th century personal correspondence was studied, it was observed that women used the evidential expression I THINK more often than men. A closer analysis showed that women also used other 1st person evidential verbs as well as the 1st and 2nd person pronouns more frequently than men. This male/female difference was maintained even in different registers, although both sexes have higher frequencies of I THINK in more intimate circumstances, such as when the informants are writing to their friends or close family members. The male/female differences in frequencies are explained as a difference in the style of communication. Women's style is more “involved” and interactive: personal point of view is frequently expressed, and both the writer and the addressee are overtly included in the communication situation. Interestingly, similar differences have also been found in Present-Day English.
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Chumakova, Tatiana V. "Ethical concepts in Russian religious-didactic literature of the 17th century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 3 (2021): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.316.
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The article offers an analysis of ethical concepts in Russian religious-didactic literature of the 17th century. The main sources are alphabets published in Moscow. There were two alphabets printed by Vasily Burtsov, and an alphabet by Karion Istomin, as well as “Azbuka s oratsiey” (Alphabet with Didactics), and the manuscript “Alfavititsy didaskala” (Small Alphabet of a Teacher). These alphabets can be considered as religious-didactic literature because in addition to grammar, these manuals included the narration “On the Letters” by Chernorizets Hrabar (Hrabar, the Black Robe Wearer), extensive religious-anthropological reasoning, prayers, the Credo, Decalogue (in the Alphabet by Karion Istomin only), the Beatitudes, and other texts which were presented in Catholic catechisms of that time, as well as in the “Profession of Faith” by Peter Mogila (he used the Catholic catechism in his “Profession”). The influence of Reformation ideas is obvious, too. Several works by Karion Istomin, the alphabet primarily, were written and illustrated under the influence of “Orbis sensualium pictus” by John Amos Comenius, the last bishop of the Unity of Brethen (Bohemian or Moravian Church). The content of these manuals (including visual content) allows us to conclude that their mass publication was induced by the disciplinary revolution that began after the end of the Smuta (the Time of Troubles) in Russia, which is associated with the House of the Romanovs coming to power. The creation of a new tsardom was impossible without new people whose education was based on religious ideas and regulations. Ethical concepts in these books were almost inseparable from religious regulations, which is explained by the doctrinal aims of primary education in Russia of the 17th century.
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Grošelj, Nada. "Two 17th century Jesuit plays in Ljubljana inspired by English literature." Acta Neophilologica 37, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2004): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.37.1-2.61-71.
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Jesuit teachers, whose members came to Ljubljana in the late 16th century, placed great emphasis on the production and staging of the school drama. Despite the domination of religious themes, the range of its subject matter was wide and varied. The article discusses two plays which derived their subject matter from English literature, namely from Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People and Holinshed's Historie of Britain.The texts themselves are lost, but in the case of the Holinshed-inspired work (a version of the King Lear story), a detailed synopsis has been preserved. The article examines the synopsis and the extant manuscript reports about the plays, the original English sources, and the treatment of the two works in contemporary scholarly treatises.
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Welch, E. R. "Veiled Encounters: Representing the Orient in 17th-Century French Travel Literature." French Studies 63, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knp123.
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Qosimova, Gulnorakhon Bakhtiyorjon Qizi. "The Prose Of “Kanazoshi” In Japanese Urban Literature Of 17th Century." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no. 09 (September 24, 2020): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-37.
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Tikhonova, Elena, Dmitrii Tikhonov, and Elizabeth Poarch. "Silver in Yakutia in the 17th century." Siberian Research 8, no. 2 (December 10, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33384/26587270.2022.08.02.07e.
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Silver has been a favorite metal of jewelers in Yakutia since ancient times. But, unfortunately, up to the present time, how the metal was mined or delivered in the territory of Yakutia was not sufficiently covered in the literature. In this work, on the basis of archival documents, we will try to explain information about silver products and their distribution in Yakutia, and sources and ways of silver supply before the 17th century for Yakut blacksmiths. Silver items in the territory of Yakutia were undoubtedly produced by local craftsmen until the 17th century. It is not known for certain where they were delivered or mined from. However, there were known silver deposits on the territory of Yakutia at that time. This is visible by the evidence of the Yukagirs with silver ore on the Neroga River. One of the sources of silver supply may have been Transbaikalia, from the deposits developed by the Daurian prince Lavkay. Undoubtedly, the Yakut diaspora lived in those places (confirmed by official documents of the 17th century), which, perhaps, left its traces in the toponym of Transbaikalia. We do not know what they did, but it is quite possible to assume that they were intermediaries in the trade of Chinese goods between the Daurian and Yakut princes. The most common silver item in demand not only among the Yakut, but also the Evenk and Yukaghir population of the region, was a silver circle. Undoubtedly, it was considered an attribute of the social status of its bearer and, probably, of faith - the worship of the sun, which gives warmth and fertile summers to the northerners.
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Abu-Manneh, Butrus. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE NAQSHBANDIYYA, 17TH-20TH CENTURY: INTRODUCTION." Die Welt des Islams 43, no. 3 (2003): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006003322682627.
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Morozova, Anna V. "Home Education and Schooling in Russia in the 1910s–1920s: Memoirs of T. Znamerovskaya Stored in the Fonds of the Russian National Library." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-301-312.
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The article is devoted to the problem of home education and schooling in Russia in the 1910s–1920s. The author draws attention to the fact that this topic has not been sufficiently covered in the study of Russian society, although it deserves to be studied no less than history of various educational institutions. Memoirs remain the main source, as features of family education simply can’t be studied on the basis of official documentation. In this regard, the collections of the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library are of great use to the historians specializing in the history of childhood, for instance, the recently discovered fond of T. P. Znamerovskaya (1912–77) – Ph. D in History of Art, assistant professor of the history of art department at the Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University, researcher, author of numerous publications on the history of Spanish and Italian art of the 15–17th centuries, a woman of many accomplishments, poet, indefatigable traveler, memoirist. The article analyzes her memoirs, which describe the events from her birth to 1929, when she graduated from the “Znamerovsky school.” It uses the methods of source analysis, grouping facts related to the problem of educational activities in the family, comparing them, and producing typological generalization. Drawing on archival materials, major factors of upbringing and education have been identified, which dated back to scientist's childhood and contributed to the comprehensive development of her personality. In the case-study of the Znamerovsky family the author studies the nature of home education in the Russian intellectual’s families in the 1910s–20s. The article demonstrates the primary role of the family in the education, its main pedagogical strategies and specific trends in the educational tactics, which became uncharacteristic in the Soviet education. The emphasis was placed on the humanitarian sphere in order to educate a person with significant creative and intellectual potential. First of all, the children were to study literature, history, geography, foreign languages (in their spoken form), music, and theater. Exact sciences took a back seat. In early childhood, the education took form of games, theater performances, walks, and reading. The school was to systematize the already accumulated store of knowledge. According to the author, the new archival materials bring it home that the Russian intellectuals of the early 20th century developed and battle-tested a tradition of family education and schooling methods that produced humane, creative, and independently-minded people.
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Prest, Julia, and Joseph Harris. "Hidden Agendas: Cross-Dressing in 17th-Century France." Modern Language Review 103, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467954.
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Hallyn, Fernand, and Roxanne Lapidus. ""A Light-Weight Artifice": Experimental Poetry in the 17th Century." SubStance 22, no. 2/3 (1993): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685288.
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Mishina, L. A. "THE FAMILY PHENOMENON IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERAURE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-355-362.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of the New English family of the 17th century, the first century of the existence of American national literature, presented in the works of early American authors - period insufficiently studied in literary criticism. Untranslated or incompletely translated into Russian works of such religious and public figures, writers as Richard Mather (Diary), Inkris Mather (The Life and Death of the Reverend Richard Mather), Edward Johnson (The Miraculous Providence of the Savior of Zion in New England) , Samuel Sewall (Diary), John Cotton (God’s Promise to His Plantation), Cotton Mather (Life of Mr. Johnatan Burr), are introduced into literary criticism. Being one of the key in the early history and literature of the United States, the theme of the family has the following aspects considered within the framework of the article: the move of families to a new continent, settling in a new place, the status of a father, mother, and child. The process of formation and existence in extreme conditions of a Protestant family is analyzed, the role of the family community in the fulfillment of the sacred mission - the creation of the kingdom of Christ on new lands - is determined. The conclusion is made about the uniqueness of the New English family of the 17th century, which combined the features of both the family structure that developed in European society and those born in the process of American experiments. The idea is emphasized that the disclosure of the family theme by early American authors clearly represents the features of American literature of the 17th century in general. The article uses biographical, structural, cultural and historical methods of literary analysis.
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Bašić, Kemal. "About Qadiluks and Qadis of the Zvornik Sanjak in the 17th Century." Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove biblioteke 27, no. 41 (February 19, 2021): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.51719/25663267.2020.27.41.99.
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The judicial and administrative division of a sanjak (province) is an important source of careful consideration that needs to be given to the overall situation in it. Qadiluks (jurisdictional districts of qadis), as well as qadis (judges) as immediate executors of important legal disputes, were a major factor in the stabilization of the Ottoman rule, primarily because of their independence from local authorities. The history of the Zvornik Sanjak in the 17th century was generally a subject of scanty studies, and consequently the study of its qadiluks and identification of individual qadis. Therefore this paper contains synthesized data on the aforementioned subject, which could be found in written literature thus far, but also, based on the archival material, it discloses a significant number of details from the Zvornik Sanjak in the 17th century. As the available data on the 17th century became scarce, it was necessary to provide the data from the 16th century for a more complete reconstruction of the matter.
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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, and Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid. "Penulisan Karya Melayu Islam Klasik Abad Ke-17: Perbincangan Karya-Karya Terpilih." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 17, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.14.
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This article discusses the involvement of Malay ulama in the production of religious books or also known as kitab kuning, especially fiqh books in the 17th century. This century, as stated by some local historians, is the beginning of the development of classical Malay books in various fields including religion. The discussion in this article is focused on two things namely the development of writing religious books, focused on fiqh books in the 17th century, while the second case reviews two sample books that have been written in the 17th century namely (1) the Sirat al-Mustaqim and (2) the Mir'ah al-Tullab fi Tashil Ma'rifah Ahkam al-Shari'ah li Mulk al-Wahhab. From the discussion of the above, it can be concluded that the activity of writing classical Malay religious works developed along with the activity of writing in other fields including the fields of Malay literature, Sufism, Malay and Islamic history, Quran and Islamic medicine.
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Biscetti, Stefania. "Representations of Femininity in Seventeenth Century Conduct Manuals for Gentlemen." Gender Studies 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10320-012-0036-3.
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Abstract This paper investigates conceptual representations of women in 17th century conduct manuals for gentlemen published in England before and after the Civil War. The aim is to see whether the socio-cultural transformations produced by the Revolution are reflected in the metaphorical expressions referring to the female sex in a highly conservative textual genre
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Vаrentsova, Larisa Yu. "Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 5, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2019-5-3-161-172.
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A special place in the sphere of feudal tenure of the Russian state in the 17th century belonged to the Tsar’s domain — the tsarist household, consisting of estates in various counties. These estates were called palace estates and were in charge of court ministries. Among them, the most important were the Great Palace, as well as the “Bread” Ministry (Prikaz) and the Ministry of Secret Affairs. The activity of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century was studied to a lesser extent. This article determines the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of Russian central authorities in the 17th century. The historiographic basis of this article includes the works of the well-known Russian pre-revolutionary historians S. Veselovsky and A. Gnevushev, as well as the researchers of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods D. Liseytsev, N. Rogozhin, Y. Eskin, and N. Demidova. Gnevushev first raised the question of the functioning of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the early 20th century. In 1911, he published documents on the history of the ministry, accompanied by a brief essay. A significant contribution to the study of the Novgorod Palace Ministry belongs to the contemporary researcher — D. V. Liseytsev, who studied its activities in the era of Troubles. In this article, the author analyzes the Novgorod Palace Ministry as the major component of the Russian power institution from the moment of its foundation until the late 17th century. The source base includes both published and unpublished records of management documentation of the Novgorod Palace Ministry of the 17th century. The documents were preserved in the private collection of the historian of literature, ethnographer, collector and researcher of Old Russian writing, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, E. Barsov (fund 450) in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum (Moscow), as well as in the fund № 396 of the Armory Chamber of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow). All these documents represent a unique collection of original notebooks and expendable books on the issue of salaries for service, aimed “for the Tsar’s use”, as well as scripts and description books of palace towns and municipalities, peasants’ request letters for different years of the 17th century. Especially important sources include the ministry documentation published in the book “The Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century” by A. Gnevushev, as well as the acts published in the “Russian Historical Library” and “Addenda to the Acts of History” in the late 19th century. The author has studied the main functions of the Novgorod Palace and defined the structure of this ministry. He has revealed the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of the Russian power system in the 17th century. The Novgorod Palace Ministry operated extensive tsarist estates in the Veliky Novgorod District; it had economic and political independence, though it was still considered a branch of the Grand Palace Ministry.
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Spies, Marijke. "Women and Seventeenth-Century Dutch Literature." Dutch Crossing 19, no. 1 (June 1995): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03096564.1995.11784038.
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