Academic literature on the topic 'Women in literature. Romanticism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Montwieler, K. "Fatal Women of Romanticism." Essays in Criticism 54, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eic/54.2.188.

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Boutin, A. "Shakespeare, Women, and French Romanticism." Modern Language Quarterly 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-65-4-505.

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Lodge, Sara. "Adriana Craciun's Fatal Women of Romanticism." Romanticism 10, no. 1 (April 2004): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2004.10.1.119.

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Labbe, J. "Review: Fatal Women of Romanticism." Notes and Queries 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/51.2.205.

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Labbe, Jacqueline. "Review: Fatal Women of Romanticism." Notes and Queries 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/510205.

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Anderson, John M., Carol Shiner Wilson, and Joel Haefner. "Re-Visioning Romanticism: British Women Writers, 1776-1837." Studies in Romanticism 38, no. 1 (1999): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25601375.

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Maniquis, R. M. "In the Theatre of Romanticism: Coleridge, Nationalism, Women." Modern Language Quarterly 57, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-57-4-651.

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WILLIAMS, A. "REVIEW OF ADRIANA CRACIUN, FATAL WOMEN OF ROMANTICISM." Nineteenth-Century Literature 58, no. 4 (March 1, 2004): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2004.58.4.550.

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Diaby, Bakary. "Black Women and/in the Shadow of Romanticism." European Romantic Review 30, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509585.2019.1612568.

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Major, Emma. "Bluestockings: Women of Reason from Enlightenment to Romanticism." Women's Writing 18, no. 3 (July 22, 2011): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2011.577306.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Gómez, Luis Marcelino. "La mujer en defensa de la mujer: voces femeninas del romanticismo cubano (Poesía y cuento)." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/55.

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Throughout history, women have played an important role in literature. Nevertheless, since Sappho's poetry until now, feminine voices have had to struggle for recognition of their works. Before the nineteenth century, women were almost ignored in Spanish literature. Society kept them as "ángeles de la familia," taking care of their homes, husbands, and children. Some of them, such as María de Zayas y Sotomayor in Spain and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz in Mexico, complained about their situation in their writings. However, they expressed their fight not as a generation but as individuals. In the nineteenth century, the ideas and ideals of Romanticism, were brought to Latin America from Europe. Cuba was among those countries where the new movement took roots. Initiated by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, a group of women began to participate in literary reunions, and to found newspapers and magazines where works authored by women, dedicated to feminist ideas, were published. They indeed through literature started to live out womanhood in order to intellectually leave the ideological prisons where society had been keeping them. This study scans the literary works of all Romantic women writers in Cuba. It specifically analyzes poetry and short stories, and investigates how these authors expressed themselves in their works against the patriarchal society, where they lived and wrote their books. An eclectic critical method has been used. Findings were very revealing. Only three of the fourteen writers studied in my dissertation had been previously mentioned by major critics. Most of them had been ignored. However, the greatest discovery was that they prompted something new: For the first time they projected themselves as a group, as a collective consciousness, and this fact established a difference with former women writers in Cuban literature before Romanticism. In other words, they produced a "Renaissance" in Cuba's literature. In spite of how they lived between 1820 and 1900, their struggles for women's rights have linked them to our current times.
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Powers, Miriam Ute. "Powerful Women Writers in Eighteenth Century Germany: A Comparison of the Two German Women Writers Sophie Von La Roche (Gutermann) and Dorothea Schlegel (Mendelssohn), Exploring their Upbringing, Marriages, Love, Literary Works, And Social Atmospheres." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1556377494317911.

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Ailwood, Sarah Louise. ""What men ought to be" masculinities in Jane Austen's novels /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/124.

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Paixao, Grace Alves da. "Natureza e artificialidade nas mulheres das poesias de Victor Hugo e Charles Baudelaire." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-12112010-161229/.

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O objetivo da presente pesquisa é comparar as figuras femininas das poesias de Victor Hugo e Charles Baudelaire, tendo como eixo de análise a expressão da natureza e da artificialidade. O trabalho realiza-se especialmente a partir da leitura de poemas e consiste numa reflexão sobre as comparações entre os poetas encontradas na fortuna crítica, em uma apresentação geral de suas obras voltada para o estudo do progresso, da função do poeta e da paisagem em relação ao contexto do século XIX, e na análise de correlações e diferenças nas imagens de mulheres de suas poesias.
The aim of this research is to compare the female figures of poems by Victor Hugo, Charles Baudelaire considering the expression of nature and artificiality as their center. The comparison applied to these works will take place especially through reading poems. In addition to a literature review of the comparisons between them previously undertaken and an overview of their work focused on the study of progress, the role of poet and landscape in relation to the context of the nineteenth century, the work allows correlations and differences in the images of women on their poetry to be analyzed.
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Saunders, Julia Edwina. "White slavery : Romantic writers and industrial workers, 1790-1840." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:655d1502-34a7-4bf7-b0e6-fa8a85a31b43.

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In this thesis, I argue the case for putting the industrial revolution back into literary accounts of the Romantic period. Writers of fiction played an important part in disseminating knowledge about the changes to technology and society, as well as helping to form the image of the newest social class: that of the industrial workers. Literature aspired to educate and integrate this class, as well as to influence the parallel process of educating the upper classes about the advent of the new manufacturing order. I have taken as the governing metaphor for industrialization that of 'white slavery', drawing the contrast to the contemporary movement to abolish black slavery. To illustrate the thesis, I have chosen six writers: three Romantic poets - Coleridge, Southey and Wordsworth - and three women educationalists - Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth and Harriet Martineau, each of whom represents a significant philosophical approach to a manufacturing society and who each made an important contribution to imaginative literature. Whilst the Romantic poets analysed industrialization as a divisive and demoralizing phenomenon and looked to the past for solutions, the educationalists responded to the challenge presented by the factory system by suggesting new visions of social relationships which bound moral and economic behaviour together. The thesis aspires to restore the voices of neglected women writers in the industrial debate with the aim of promoting a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the Romantic period and a fuller comprehension of its creative expression.
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Fairbank, Rebecca Bennett. "Devastating Diva: Pauline Viardot and Rewriting the Image of Women in Nineteenth-Century French Opera Culture." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3788.

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Historically vilified, the vocalizing woman developed a stereotyped image with the emergence of the prima donna in eighteenth-century opera. By the nineteenth century, the prima donna became the focal point for socio-cultural polemics: women sought financial and social independence through a career on the operatic stage while society attempted to maintain through various means the socio-cultural stability now threatened by women's mobility. The prima donna represented both a positive ideal for women as well as a great threat to western patriarchy. A discourse emerged in which the symbol of female independence and success ”the prima donna" became the site of tactical control and containment. The prima donna stereotype, opera plot and music, and literature all presented the vilified image as a warning of the disaster awaiting women who overstepped the social boundaries established in the patriarchal image of ideal womanhood. Pauline Viardot confronted this attempt at containment by fulfilling society's expectations of her as a woman and simultaneously confounding its presentation of women opera stars. Viardot performed the role of social woman: she married young, she raised a family, she held a salon, and she engaged in other approved social activities. Madame Viardot's acceptance and fulfillment of the roles established for her by her contemporary society provided her a unique freedom within society in which she could maintain a career on the operatic stage without succumbing to the traditional detritus of the popular press, literature or social ostracizing. She crafted her own image rather than allow society to stigmatize or vilify her. Her success was chronicled in contemporary literature written by women who viewed prima donnas as spokespersons for the female plight. Much of this literature explores women's hopelessness and despair in the face of highly restrictive social codes. Prima donnas engaged in a very public career through which they established financial independence, professional success, and an identity literally shaped by their own voices. George Sand briefly explored the artist-woman's search for freedom and independence in her 1833 Lélia, but it was not until Sand met Pauline Viardot that she was able to create a heroine who could gain a respected position in society, enjoy lasting personal happiness, maintain social and financial independence, and who lived to enjoy the fruits of her labor. Consuelo stands as a permanent record of Viardot's impact on her contemporary society. Pauline Viardot successfully revised the image of the prima donna and that of women in the process. Viardot navigated the centuries-old tradition which demonized publicly vocalizing women and created a new image of the woman-artist. An accomplished actress among other things, Viardot successfully performed the roles of social woman, inspiration of a literary heroine, and prima donna. It is her successful negotiation of these roles which allowed her to carve out a unique position in her contemporary society, a position that allowed her to teach at the Paris Conservatory, support the careers of budding male musicians, garner the respect of royalty, publish and perform her own musical compositions, and live a long, fulfilling life. Letters addressed to Viardot, contemporary accounts by male musicians, and her immortalization in Sand's Consuelo all record the new image Viardot created: that of a respected member of society and operatic performer of great artistic and musical genius.
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Stones, G. P. "Parody and romanticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240606.

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Lee, Debbie Jean 1960. "Slavery and English Romanticism." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288753.

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During the Romantic period, England, which then led the world in slave exports, abolished both the African slave trade and West Indian slavery, setting a trend that the Portuguese, Danish, French, Germans, and Americans would follow. Abolition, a powerful moral engine, barreled through England on the tracks of pamphlets, poetry, engravings, speeches and sermons. Abolition was clearly the moral (as well as economic and social) issue of the age. My dissertation investigates the ways in which Romantic writing emerged from and responded to the issues brought on by the slavery question. Through primary and archival research, I reconstruct not only the voices of abolition, but also of various contributing discourses such as medicine, travel, cartography, labor, and iconography. This range of sources provides the basis from which I read major Romantic poems, advancing interpretations that make clear seemingly discordant relationships, like that between Keats, slavery and voodoo; between cartography, slavery and sonnets; and between Wordsworth, slavery, and abortion. The way Romanticism is haunted by the slavery question, I argue, needs to be recovered within literary history as much as within Romantic poetry itself. My dissertation thus combines three kinds of projects: a contribution to historical reconstructions based on primary research; a contribution to knowledge of specific literary works; and a contribution to ongoing arguments about critical method.
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Königkrämer, Lobke. "Frankenstein: a monstrous romanticism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9036.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between Mary Shelley's first novel Frankenstein and her own understanding of Romanticism. The overarching theme is to illustrate how Mary Shelley navigates her criticism of Romanticism through the medium of Victor Frankenstein as a character. With the inspection of Victor Frankenstein some autobiographical similarities are drawn between the protagonist and Percy Bysshe Shelley. Another aim and extension of this autobiographical project is to examine how Percy Shelley's editing of the original manuscript of Frankenstein added or detracted from the plot. Finally, the genre implications of Frankenstein are examined in this thesis. In the first chapter, Romanticism is examined in relation to how the Romantics themselves envisioned their ideology so as to ascertain which aspects Mary Shelley draws particular attention to. The Romantic theorists used in this section specifically, Abercrombie and Schueller, are used to highlight the fact that Romanticism can be defined as a unified system of belief. Certain tenets of this ideology are then shown to be the main points that Mary Shelley criticises. In the second chapter, the autobiographical element of Mary Shelley's relationship with Percy Shelley is examined. The parallels between Victor Frankenstein and Percy Shelley are made apparent through the use of biographers Hoobler and Seymour. From that, the precise changes that Percy Shelley made to the original manuscript of Frankenstein are scrutinised with Mellor's insightful explication of the original that exists in the Bodleian Library. The conclusion of this chapter solidifies the argument of the first chapter, and as close attention is paid throughout both chapters to the novel as a primary source of confirmation, the complex navigations and articulations of Romanticism throughout Frankenstein are made apparent. In the third chapter, attention is given specifically to the genre implications of Frankenstein, and the relationship and consistent oscillation between Romanticism and the Gothic is traced. The theorists used in this part of the thesis vary widely and include Botting, Golinski and Alwes. It is argued that in her destabilisation of Romanticism, Mary Shelley invariably incorporates the Gothic into her text. It is this complex weaving of genres which is particularly interesting in relation to how Mary Shelley's disillusionment with Romanticism produces a text that has such a vast array of genre possibilities. Finally, this thesis looks at the negative interpretation of Romanticism specifically in relation to Mary Shelley's critical expressions of its ideology in Frankenstein. As a cautionary tale, the consequences of Romantic principles unchecked by a societal conscience, Mary Shelley seems to have used Frankenstein as a way of expressing her disillusionment. The repercussions of what ultimately is an original story of a scientist who unleashes his creation without concern for its welfare are still present in the common consciousness of modern society.
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Kielmann, Jules. "„Gaben, welche sie zur Entfaltung vorwärtsdrängen“ : Amalie von Helvig, geb. von Imhoff, und ihr Werk im Spannungsfeld zwischen Geschlecht und Künstlerschaft um 1800." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-438907.

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Books on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Fatal women of Romanticism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Eberle, Roxanne. Women and Romanticism, 1750-1850. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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Romanticism & gender. New York: Routledge, 1993.

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Real and imagined women in British romanticism. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.

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Women, love, and commodity culture in British romanticism. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2012.

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Women, epic, and transition in British romanticism. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2011.

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A feminist introduction to romanticism. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.

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Bluestockings: Women of reason from Enlightenment to romanticism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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Dorothy Wordsworth & romanticism. New Brunswick: Rutgers, the State University, 1987.

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Carlson, Julie Ann. In the theatre of Romanticism: Coleridge, nationalism, women. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Bainbridge, Simon. "Women." In Romanticism, 88–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11386-3_4.

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de Wolff, Melchior. "Romanticism unmasked." In Convention and Innovation in Literature, 235. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/upal.24.13wol.

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Alexander, Meena. "Introduction: Mapping a Female Romanticism." In Women in Romanticism, 1–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_1.

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Alexander, Meena. "Romantic Feminine." In Women in Romanticism, 18–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_2.

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Alexander, Meena. "True Appearances." In Women in Romanticism, 35–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_3.

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Alexander, Meena. "Of Mothers and Mamas." In Women in Romanticism, 58–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_4.

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Alexander, Meena. "Writing in Fragments." In Women in Romanticism, 78–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_5.

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Alexander, Meena. "Natural Enclosures." In Women in Romanticism, 100–126. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_6.

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Alexander, Meena. "Unnatural Creation." In Women in Romanticism, 127–46. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_7.

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Alexander, Meena. "Revising the Feminine." In Women in Romanticism, 147–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20257-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Liu, Di. ""Revolutionary Realism and Romanticism": Representing the Ballet The Red Detachment of Women (1971)." In International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hss-26.2016.69.

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Fitria, Zena. "The Analysis of Romanticism in Bonjour Tristesse Romance by Françoise Sagan." In Tenth International Conference on Applied Linguistics and First International Conference on Language, Literature and Culture. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007171906150617.

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HD, Dharma, Faruk Faruk, and Pujiharto Pujiharto. "Romanticism and New Awareness in Indonesian Literature: Lombok's Representation in Novel Opto Ergo Sum." In Proceedings of the 3rd English Language and Literature International Conference, ELLiC, 27th April 2019, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2285292.

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Ismawati, E., Warsito Warsito, and KA Anindita. "Javanese Women in Old Literature Text: Literature Ethnography Study." In Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies, BASA, 20-21 September 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2296756.

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Anossova, Oksana. "NIKOLAY KARAMZIN�S �RUSSIAN TRAVELLER�S LETTERS� AS PRE-ROMANTICISM LITERATURE AND A TRAVELLER�S GUIDEBOOK." In 6th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019v/6.1/s11.022.

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Nazri, Nor, Azizan Zainuddin, and Suhaimi Samad. "Where Am I? The Literature On Women And Household Poverty Using Systematic Literature Review." In The Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Social Science and Education, ICSSED 2020, August 4-5 2020, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-8-2020.2302924.

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Zhao, Chenchen. "The Imprisoned “Crazy Women”." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.495.

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"THE IMAGE OF NEW WOMEN IN SHOBHA DE’S NOVEL SOCIALITE EVENINGS." In National Conference on Translation, Language & Literature. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.nctll-2015.32.

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Sen, Soumya, Ashish Raman, and Mamta Khosla. "A Literature Survey on Tunnel Field Effect Transistors." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.65.

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TFET or Tunnel Field Effect Transistor in recent times has been the center of attraction of vast number of researcher’s despite of having minute subthreshold slope and excessive Ion/Ioff ratio. It is known that TFETs are much more immune to short-channel effects and fluctuations of random dopants in comparison to their MOSFET counterparts. TFETs are actually gated p-i-n diodes having tunneling current flowing between source and channel bands. In this paper deep rooted literature review has been done scanning each and every aspects of TFET including the variations of performance with different parameters. The paper finally gives a picture on the recent progress of TFET in different aspects such as from subthreshold swing to a significantly lower leakage current and high on current .For the simulation curves Nanohub.org was used as a tool. Lastly different types of TFET in respect of doping to symmetry and also gates are compared.
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Agustina, Hiqma Nur. "Latifa, Afghan Women and Unfinished Struggle." In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLITE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icollite-18.2019.25.

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Reports on the topic "Women in literature. Romanticism"

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Magee, Caroline E. The Characterization of the African-American Male in Literature by African-American Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299399.

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Leotti, Sandra. Interrogating the Construction and Representations of Criminalized Women in the Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6996.

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Sharp, Marilyn A. Physical Fitness, Physical Training and Occupational Performance of Men and Women in the U.S. Army: A Review of Literature. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266297.

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Barker, Gary, Jorge Lyra, and Benedito Medrado. The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1004.

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From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.
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Roberts, Tony, and Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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de Leede, Seran. Tackling Women’s Support of Far-Right Extremism: Experiences from Germany. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.13.remve.

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Persistent gendered assumptions about women and violence predominately depict women as non-violent and peaceful. Due to this gender blindness and simplistic frames used to understand the attraction of women toward far-right extremist groups, women tend to get overlooked as active participants, and their roles ignored or downplayed. This not only hinders the overall understanding of far-right extremist groups but also impedes the development of effective counterprograms that specifically address the experiences and paths of these women. Drawing from the experiences and insights of German initiatives and from additional literature on the topic, this policy note explores the wide-ranging motivations of women joining far-right extremist groups and the different roles they can play in them. By including wider research to why women leave far-right extremist groups, the policy note offers lessons learned and recommendations that may be helpful in optimizing prevention and exit programs aimed at women in far-right extremist groups beyond the German context.
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Mosha, Devotha B., John Jeckoniah, Aida Isinika, and Gideon Boniface. The Influence of Sunflower Commercialisation and Diversity on Women's Empowerment: The Case of Iramba and Mkalama Districts, Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.014.

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There is a growing body of literature that argues that normally women derive little benefit from cash crops. Some of the barriers leading to women having less benefit from cash crop value chains include cultural norms and power differences in access to, and control over, resources among actors in value chains. It is also argued that women’s participation in different forms of collective action help women to increase benefits to them through their increased agency, hence enabling them to utilise existing and diverse options for their empowerment. This paper explores how women have benefited from their engagement in sunflower commercialisation and how culture has influenced changes in access to, and control over, resources, including land, for their empowerment.
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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.

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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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