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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Women in Nigeria'
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1
Omonubi, Rolake. "Status of women in Western Nigeria." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3261.
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This study examined the status of women in Southwestern Nigeria from a legal perspective. It scrutinized the three legal infrastructures in the Nigerian legal system. The study is based on the premise that the huge disparity in the socio-economic development of the women in South-western Nigeria is a consequence of inadequate legal protection. Four independent variables were considered, and three intervening variables were identified. Workshops, interviews and surveys were conducted. A document analysis approach was used to examine the three legal infrastructures in the Nigerian legal system—the Common Law also known as the English Law, the Statutory Laws which are a culmination of ordinances, bills, and decrees and the Customary laws which evolved through tradition. The study found that constitutional and statutory laws do indeed provide substantial protection for women; however, some Statutory laws exclude women married under the customary laws. The conclusions drawn from this finding is that factors including but not limited to the inadequacy of legal protection, are key elements to which the socio-economic and political backwardness of women may be attributed. The factors include a lack of gender specific legislation to emancipate women from the shackles of patriarchy; ignorance and lack of awareness of existing protection; biased customary laws which are pro-male and which inhibit the socio-economic and political advancement of women and customs which reinforce gender inequality.
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Stone, Margaret Priscilla. "Women, work and marriage: A restudy of the Nigerian Kofyar." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184499.
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Most scholars of female farmers of sub-Saharan Africa have come to agree that the transition from subsistence to market agriculture has hurt women's independent agricultural enterprises and incomes. Research conducted among a group of farmers known as the Kofyar of central Nigeria provides a case study which runs counter to this general consensus. Kofyar women have not suffered a loss of economic or social independence with the introduction of cash-cropping but have in fact embraced the new opportunities of the markets to produce crops for sale independently of their households. The Kofyar farming system as a whole is outlined, and the system of independent production is described within this context. The recent history of the Kofyar is sketched including, most importantly, their migration into an agricultural frontier, the adoption of yams as the primary cash crop, and the evolution of a complex set of mechanisms for mobilizing labor. The role of women in the cooperative labor network and in household labor is described and women's important contributions to all types of labor are linked to their access to labor for their own independent production. One of the basic arguments is that Kofyar women are prospering relative to other African women because their labor has been so crucial to the agriculture of the Kofyar both before and since the introduction of cash-cropping. The other basic argument for Kofyar women's relative success is that they are successfully exploiting the flexibility inherent in their farming system to maximize their own production. The use of intensive techniques such as intercropping and taking advantage of the flexibility in the timing of certain agricultural tasks on their major crops of groundnuts and yams are examples of this strategy. Women have, in other words, evolved a system of independent production which fits around rather than competes directly with male/household farming. The dissertation goes on to place women's independent farming within the broader social system by analyzing differences between women in marriage and childbearing statuses and histories. Regular differences in magnitude of independent production are found between women with contrasting social characteristics (e.g. age, marital status, divorce history, numbers of children). The portrait of the most prosperous woman is sketched. Kofyar women's activities are seen as an essential part of Kofyar development. The system in general has become more prosperous and women as important contributors to that prosperity are also benefiting as individuals from these changes.
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Olorunfemi, Christianah Oluseyi. "Perspectives on HIV/AIDS: American-Based Nigerian Women Who Experienced Polygamy in Rural Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1350.
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Traditionally, in Nigeria women play a subservient role in relation to men. While a man can practice polygamy by marrying many wives, women cannot marry more than one husband at a time. Although researchers have documented the effects of polygamy on the spread of HIV/AIDS, little is known about the experiences of polygamy by Nigerian women who stopped practicing polygamy by immigrating to the United States without their husbands. It is important to know the experiences of these women as they pertain specifically to the spread of HIV/AIDS so as to develop a preventive intervention for HIV/AIDS among Nigerian women in polygamy. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perspectives on HIV/AIDS held by 10 Nigerian women who practiced polygamy in Nigeria before immigrating to the United States. Recruitment was done through purposive sampling at a faith-based organization. Guided by the health belief model, interview transcripts from the 10 women were analyzed to reveal recurrent themes that expressed the women's lived experiences in polygamy with their perspectives on HIV/AIDS. Findings revealed that these women had a basic knowledge of the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS by engaging in polygamy but needed to comply with the terms of sexual encounters as dictated by their husbands; therefore, they were at risk for HIV/AIDS. The results of this study can be used to increase awareness among Nigerian women in polygamy and Nigerian health policy makers regarding the transmission of HIV/AIDS and the preventive measures available for HIV/AIDS. Understanding the experiences of women in polygamy may lead to greater understanding of the impact of polygamy on HIV/AIDS and may help to decrease the prevalence of this disease.
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Johnson, Adetokunbo Iyabo Priya. "The voiceless woman : countering dominant narratives concerning women with disabilities in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77402.
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The main research problem in this study is whether law and specifically the human rights
framework can speak to the lived experiences and realities of the disabled Nigerian woman. This
thesis reflects the frustrations that I experience with my own intersectional identity as a (Nigerian,
Yoruba and disabled) woman. These frustrations begin with Nigerian law, specifically its human
rights framework and its perception of the disabled woman. One illustration is that the law
demands that one must choose between being a woman (identity category) and being disabled
(identity category). Yet, the disabled woman has trouble choosing one of these established identity
categories because she is a woman and disabled at the same time.
The law makes these demands without necessarily recognising and contemplating the interaction
and intersection between sex(ism) and disability (discrimination). Unfortunately, because the
disabled woman does not neatly fit into the human rights categories, she is labelled deviant and
denied protection.1 In most cases, Nigerian law even makes the choice: on the strength of the
disability the law decides that one is less of a woman and more disabled, and so refuses to
contemplate and recognise the gendered and emergent nature of disability.2 Thus the limits of the law and human rights in speaking to the complex and intersectional lived realities of the disabled
Nigerian woman become evident.
The law, and specifically the human rights framework, is often portrayed as a saviour of some sort.
For instance, a number of commentators point to the need for a Nigerian law and human rights
framework that will protect the rights of disabled persons.3 The acquisition of rights, particularly
for vulnerable groups who have previously been denied access to these rights, can be empowering
and there is no denying the value of a legal and human rights framework. This in turn raises the
question that is asked in this thesis.
The position I hold is that law and specifically the human rights framework, while having
enormous value, is limited in its ability to speak to the lived realities of disabled women. In my
view, this limitation results from a failure to recognise the complexities, interactions and
intersections that exist between identity categories such as sex, gender, ethnicity or race, sexuality,
class, age, culture, religion and disability. Specifically, in this case, the law fails to recognise the
interactions and intersections between sex(ism) and disability (discrimination) in the country.
However, I argue that the product of these unacknowledged interactions and intersections crucially
underlie and form the lived realities of the disabled woman.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Jurisprudence
PhD
Unrestricted
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Gandu, Yohanna Kagoro. "Oil enclave economy and sexual liaisons in Nigeria's Niger Delta region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003106.
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This thesis examines the intersection of oil enclave economy and the phenomenon of sexual liaisons in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. The particular focus of this thesis is on the extent to which oil enclavity contributes to the emergence of sexual liaisons between local women and expatriate oil workers. Despite the fact that the Nigerian oil industry has been subjected to considerable scholarly debate for over five decades, this aspect of the social dimension of oil has not received adequate scholarly attention. Gender-specific discourse has tended to focus more on women protest. Other aspects, such as gender-specific violence that women in the region have had to live with, are either ignored or poorly articulated. Picketing of oil platforms by protesting women is celebrated as signs that women are active in the struggle against oil Transnational Companies (TNCs). While women protest is a significant struggle against oil TNCs, it has the potential of blurring our intellectual focus on the specific challenges confronting women in the Niger Delta. This study shows that since the inauguration of the Willink Commission in 1957, national palliatives meant to alleviate poverty in the Niger Delta region have not been gender sensitive. A review of the 1957 Willink Commission and others that came after it shows that the Nigerian state is yet to address the peculiar problems that the oil industry has brought to the women folk in the region. The paradox is that while oil provides enormous wealth and means of patronage to the Nigerian state elite, the oil TNCs, and better paid expatriate oil workers, a large section of the local Oil Bearing Communities (OBCs), especially women and unemployed youth, are not only dispossessed but survive in an environment characterised by anxiety and misery. With limited survival alternatives, youths resort to violent protest including oil thefts and bunkering. Local women are also immersed in this debacle because some of them resort to sexual liaisons with economically empowered expatriate oil workers as an alternative means of survival. This study therefore shifts the focus to women by exploring the extent to which sexual liaison reflects the contradictions in the enclave oil economy. The study employed an enclave economy conceptual framework to demonstrate that oil extractive activities compromise and distort the local economies of OBCs. This situation compels local women to seek for alternative means of survival by entering into sexual liaisons with more financially privileged expatriate oil workers. The study reviewed relevant secondary documentary sources of data. Further, it employed primary data collection techniques which include in-depth interviews/life histories, ethnographic observations, focus group discussions, and visual sociology. Besides obtaining the social profile and challenges facing the women involved in sexual liaisons with expatriate oil workers, the study provides an outline of participants’ narratives on the different social and economic dimensions of the intersection of oil enclave economy and sexual liaisons. The study found that some of the women involved in sexual liaisons with expatriate oil workers have been abandoned with ‘fatherless’ children. Some of them have also been rejected by their immediate family members and, in some cases, by their community. The study also found that the phenomenon of sexual liaisons and the incidents of abandoned ‘fatherless’ children that result from the practice, has over the years been played out through local resentment against oil TNCs and their expatriate employees. This finding helps to fill the gap in narratives and to make sense of the civic revolt and deepening instability in the Niger Delta region.
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Olorunrinu, Kikelomo. "Nigerian Women Living in The United States are More Hirsute than Those Living in Nigeria." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-131346/.
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This study was to determine if there exists a difference in the rate of hirsutism in genetically similar women in two different environments. 112 Nigerian women living in the U.S.A and 70 women living in Nigeria were surveyed. All women completed a pictorial survey scoring peripheral hair growth in 6 body areas from 0 (no significant hair growth) to 4 (severe hair growth). Total hirsutism score was calculated as a sum of individual scores. The survey also included demographic data, menstrual history, and data regarding use of hormonal treatments. Statistical comparisons between groups included t-test, nonparametric tests and chi-square test. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of peripheral hair growth. Women residing in U.S.A had a 31% higher total hirsutism score than those residing in Nigeria. This difference was not related to irregular menstrual cycle. To account for possible effects of age, B.M.I and differences in tribal origin, multiple regression analysis was performed. Location (living in U.S.A vs. Nigeria) remained the strongest predictor of total hirsutism score (P=0.02); tribal origin was also significant (P=0.04), while age and B.M.I had no independent predictive value (P>0.1). It was concluded that this difference, is not explained by factors such as age, obesity and ethnic origin. We propose that this difference may be due to differences in environmental or lifestyle factors of the women.
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Awomolo, Abiodun Adegboye. "The political economy of market women in Western Nigeria." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/601.
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This study examined the political- economy of market women paying close attention to the impact of governmental economic policies on women’s trade. Our analysis was based on the experiences of market women in western Nigeria as a case study. The study focused particularly on the wage and salary restructuring awards awards (Udoji) of the 1970S and the Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) of the late 1980s to present. On a secondary level, the study attempted theory-building of Africana feminism using the position of market women as the focus of analysis. To achieve its primary goal, the study presented and analyzed the following: (a) the impact of presumablY gender-neutral policies on women’s trade; (b) the plight of women traders in a gender-differentiated market arena; and (c) coping mechanisms market women utilize in light of the two preceeding conditions. To fulfill the secondary objective, an examination was conducted of feminist writings theoretizing the situation of African women vis-a-vis the reality of their existence. In this case study, triangulation was used to test the validity of the data collected. Secondary data was collected as well as primary data using a questionnaire and personal interviews. In addition, a videotape recording of markets was undertaken to conoborate survey findings. From our examination of the data, both primary and secondary, we found that market women were adversely impacted by SAPs conditionalities. Three major findings resulted from this study: (1) Stagnation of trade: the combination of devaluation of the naira, lack of money in circulation, ban on imports, high maintenance fees for market space, and non-payment of workers salaries by the government, aggravate consumer buying power and result in the stagnation of trade; (2) Market overcrowding: mass retrenchment brought women and men into the market who would normally not consider trade as an occupation. This situation in turn creates a reduction in individual sales, excessive competition for customers, and market overcrowding; and (3) Political alienation of market traders by the state: The current oppressive administration, fluctuation in leadership, arbitrary enforcement of policies, and police harassment have forced market women to assume a reactionary posture whereby they ignore state policies, attempt to dialogue with government officials, or stage marches and riots in order to demonstrate their dissatisfaction. Finally, our theoretical examination revealed the need for a socio-cultural construct to be integrated into the nexus of race, class, and gender within Africana feminism in order to make it a viable framework to discuss market women as a microcosm of women in developing countries.
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Koster, Winny. "Secret strategies women and abortion in Yoruba society, Nigeria /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Aksant] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/70507.
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Benna, Indo Isa. "Motivation for higher education of women from northern Nigeria." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1164/.
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Amaechi, Ezenwayi. "Exploring Barriers to Women Entrepreneurs in Enugu State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2780.
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Women play an important role in the development of their families and communities economically; however, in comparison to men, they disproportionately experience barriers such as low income households, poverty, unemployment, lack of training, and discrimination. The purpose of this mini-ethnographic case study was to explore the perceptions of women entrepreneurs in Enugu State, Nigeria on what information they need to overcome possible barriers in their business and economic development. The 5M (market, money, management, motherhood, meso, and microenvironment) framework provided the theoretical lens for this investigation. The data gathering process involved face-to-face semistructured interviews with 15 women entrepreneurs in 3 local markets in Enugu State, in addition to direct observation, field notes, and reflective journal entries. Data were inductively analyzed and then triangulated to ensure trustworthiness of findings. The major themes revealed that these women needed information in the areas of marketing, customer relations, accounting procedures, financing strategies, and formal business training to grow their businesses. Embracing the results of this research may contribute to positive social change by providing information on how small scale women entrepreneurs could reduce their dependence on their husbands, partners, and relatives.
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Anigwe, Annette. "Perceptions of Women in Political Leadership Positions in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/28.
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Researchers have demonstrated that the Nigerian government has failed to protect women's rights and advance gender equality in political leadership; consequently, women's political participation in Nigeria remains low. Although international laws grant women political participation rights, little is known about the struggles and experiences Nigerian women face in their quest to participate in the political life of Nigeria. The purpose of this basic interpretative qualitative study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of Nigerian women on gender equality and other issues affecting their political leadership. The theoretical framework used was Eagly's social role theory and Ayman and Korabik's leadership categorization theory. The research questions focused on how women describe their participation in the political sector and their obstacles. Ten purposefully selected Nigerian women in Nigerian political leadership were interviewed. Data analysis included coding, categorizing, and analyzing themes. The resulting 7 themes were underrepresentation, gender inequality, male dominance, women's empowerment, spousal support/approval, financial support, and legislation reform. The findings indicated that women were still underrepresented in the political sector of government and lacked full political power as they strived for equality to become political leaders. The implications for positive social change are to educate the public, inform policy makers, and create legislative initiatives to support an equitable society in Nigeria in which women can participate fully in the political process.
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Mapis, Gachomo Joanne. "The Dietary Decision-Making Process of Women in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7696.
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Nigerians have been opting for a more processed Western diet. These changes in dietary choices have aligned with obesity and undernutrition, attributable to micronutrient deficiencies or malnutrition. Many scholars have presented varying intervention strategies ranging from consumption of a variety of foods containing the necessary micronutrients to food fortification. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the perceptions of women in an urban city in Nigeria on indigenous foods and Western dietary influences to determine social interactions, the consequence of the interactions, and the women’s current perceptions of food choices. The social-ecological model was used to explore the interaction between a woman and her environment. Women between the ages of 20 to 30 from the urban city of Jos, Nigeria, constituted the population of interest, and 12 women were chosen for the sample. From the in-depth interviews, a thematic analysis was employed to provide sociocontextual reasoning for changes in diet that have led to the loss of interest in traditional foods and cultures. This study found that Jos has a variety of foods, yet women choose the same staple foods to feed their families. Additionally, despite a marginal understanding of the health impact of diet, most women choose the convenience and palatability of Western options, citing cost as the rationale for choosing to cook staple Western-inspired meals at home. Understanding media, convenience, and cost can impact social change by enlightening communities on the interconnectedness of human health, cultures, and industrialization. Health care providers can monitor the outcomes of those who consume a variety of indigenous foods to see how such a practice could influence the overall health status of Nigerian families.
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Brodrick-Okereke, Mabel. "Women's protests in Egi and Warri, Nigeria, 1998 -2009 : the politics of oil, nonviolent resistance, and gender in the Niger Delta." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607668.
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Onubi, Ojochenemi Joy. "Maternal obesity in Nigeria : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230166.
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Background: Pregnancy is a trigger point for the development of obesity with maternal obesity being associated with significant adverse effects in the mother and child. Nigeria is experiencing a double burden of under- and over-nutrition with rising levels of obesity particularly in women. However, there is scarcity of data on maternal obesity in Nigeria and other African countries. Aims and Objectives: This thesis aimed at identifying crucial components of potential interventions for maternal obesity in Nigeria. The objectives were to assess the prevalence, effects and distribution of maternal obesity; assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pregnant women and maternal healthcare providers and identify existing interventions for maternal obesity in Nigeria. Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis was initially conducted. Following this, a quantitative questionnaire survey of the KAP of pregnant women and a qualitative interview study of the KAP of Health Care Workers (HCW) were conducted in seven secondary and tertiary hospitals across Nigeria. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS statistical software, while thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative data. Results: Twenty-nine studies included in the systematic review showed significant prevalence, socio-demographic associations, and adverse effects of maternal obesity on labour, maternal, and child outcomes in Africa. The questionnaire survey of 435 mothers revealed a maternal obesity prevalence of 17.9% among mothers who registered for antenatal care in the first trimester. Mothers had insufficient knowledge of the causes, complications, and safe ways to manage maternal obesity. However, majority felt that excess gestational weight gain be avoided and some practiced weight management during pregnancy. For the qualitative study, four main themes were identified: 'Concerns about obesity in pregnancy', 'Barriers to care for obese pregnant women', 'Practice of care for obese pregnant women', and 'Improving care for obese pregnant women'. Conclusions: Culturally adaptable/sensitive interventions should be developed for the management of obese pregnant women in Africa. Education and training of mothers and health care workers, and provision of guidelines are some of the components of potential interventions in Nigeria.
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Chukwuorji, Perpetual Chinelo. "Contribution to a Study on Women Political Participation in Nigeria." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21830.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos AfricanosDissertation for obtaining a Master's degree in African Studies
Women political participation in Nigeria politics has been an issue of concern in the Nigerian society at large because women are poorly represented in both elective and appointment positions in the political system. The level of women’s involvement in their nation’s political activities is a topic that most academic researchers tend to discuss with rapt attention and concern. This Paper examined and analysed the efforts and challenges Nigerian women are experiencing in the political space. It went further to look into the participation of women in the pre-colonial, postcolonial and contemporary Nigerian politics. It also discussed the low participation of these women in politics and the social, political, cultural and financial challenges they encounter in their quest to participate or contest in leadership positions. Consequently, the quest to participate in political activities ought to be a voluntary act and not gender based. Citizens of every country, irrespective of their gender, social class or tribe should be able to exercise their civic rights without facing discrimination or being relegated to the background, especially in a democratic country like Nigeria where political participating is believed to be ‘‘ free zoned ’’ for all qualified citizens regardless of their gender. However, the reverse seems to be the case in Nigerian political system. It also discussed the gender inequality in the country’s political system which could be linked to certain cultural and traditional practices that have systematically conditioned and treated women as being inferior to their male counterparts. These ‘‘ practices ’’ could as well be perceived as some of the major factors obstructing the women folks from effectively participating in Nigerian politics. Finally, the paper pointed out some factors that hinder Nigerian women from actively participating in politics, hence provided some recommendations and measures that could be adopted to enhance the re-integration of women in the Nigerian political system.
A participação de mulheres na política da Nigéria tem sido questionada por setores socais, porque as mulheres estão mal representadas em cargos eletivos e nomeados no sistema político nigeriano. Portanto, o nível de envolvimento das mulheres em atividades políticas na Nigéria é um tópico que a maioria de pesquisadores acadêmicos tende a discutir com muita atenção e preocupação. No presente estudo trata-se de uma análise e uma reflexão acerca dos esforços e desafios que as mulheres nigerianas estão enfrentando no espaço político, bem como, interessa-se examinar a presença de mulheres na política nigeriana pré-colonial, pós-colonial e contemporânea. Discute-se, ainda, a baixa participação das mulheres nigerianas na política e os desafios sociais, políticos, culturais e financeiros que elas encontram ao pretenderem disputar cargos de liderança. Desta forma, a busca pela participação em atividades políticas deve ser um ato voluntário e não de gênero. Cidadãos de todos os países, independentemente do gênero, classe social ou tribo, devem exercer seus direitos cívicos sem sofrem quaisquer discriminações ou estarem relegados a segundo plano. Entretanto, parece suceder o oposto no sistema político nigeriano, pois apesar de ser uma democracia em que a participação política é considerada “free zoned” e todos possuem a qualidade de cidadãos. A desigualdade de gênero no sistema político nigeriano pode estar ligada a certas práticas culturais e tradicionais que sistematicamente condicionaram e trataram as mulheres como inferiores aos homens. Estas ‘‘práticas’’ também podem ser percebidas como alguns dos principais fatores que impedem as mulheres de participarem efetivamente da política nigeriana. Finalmente, o estudo aponta alguns fatores que impedem as mulheres nigerianas de participarem ativamente da política e além de fornecer recomendações e medidas que podem ser adotadas no sentindo de melhorar a reintegração das mulheres no sistema político daquele país.
N/A
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Callaway, Helen. "European women with the Colonial Service in Nigeria, 1900-1960." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670408.
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Orluvosu, O. C. "Haematological parameters in pregnant women hepatitis B infection in Nigeria." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32841.
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Hepatitis B is a viral infection, a DNA hepadna virus type 1 and it is one of the most common serious liver diseases encountered in pregnant women. It is endemic worldwide. Approximately, 350 million people are chronic carriers and only 2% will spontaneously develop antibodies enough to clear the virus from their system according to studies carried out in Nigeria.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32841
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Rangan, Usha Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Women and work: the Hausa and the Yoruba of Nigeria." Ottawa, 1985.
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Malowany, Maureen. "Representations of African women in the historical literature of Nigeria, 1890-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61322.
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The thesis has been divided into five chapters. The three central chapters reflect paradigmatic shifts in Nigerian historiography. During the colonial era, although a few texts written by Nigerians entered the published literature, most writing was produced by non-Africans, anthropologists and colonial administrators, for the purpose of social investigation and control. With the establishment of Nigerian universities in 1948, academic historians, fuelled by the desire for independence, reclaimed their discipline to write local and national political histories. Encouraged by the concerns of the North American feminist movement of the 1970s, women gained an increasing presence in research and literature.Contrary to earlier arguments, categories for representations of women in history coexist in time. There are periods such as the nationalist era, in which women are almost invisible. When women are present in the literature, however, they are seen both in complementary power relationships with men in certain economic areas, such as trading, and in other areas, such as taxation, subject to male power. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ojior, Omoh Tsatsaku. "African women and political development: A case study of Etsako women in Edo State of Nigeria." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3313.
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This dissertation draws attention to covert efforts directed at African women that seek to negatively affect the family structure and the historic cultural value systems, thereby destabilizing the African family setting, and destroying the society through a process of depopulation in Etsako in Edo State, and by extension, Nigeria and Africa. The researcher employed the African philosophy of politics and government as the conceptual framework most suitable for this research. The American woman’s knowledge of the African woman was investigated. Equally, the African woman was examined to determine what she thinks of her womanhood role. The findings established that the struggle for political development of the African woman is pregnant with meaning, as it is a vital aspect of some of the covert and overt influence of the West directed at the Africans’ root of existence. Other finding include the following: 1. That the Western World has targeted the entire population of Etsako, Nigeria and Africa by an extension, for a political resocialization that is alien to the people of Africa. 2. That the American woman has limited knowledge of the African woman. 3. That in the effort to adversely influence the African woman, some African American women of the intelligentsia are unknowingly being used to facilitate some of the covert efforts. 4. That the African women appreciates her womanhood roles in the home front and her external relations; and, 5.that the African woman’s political efficacy, from a Western political framework, in the African political systems, will destroy the traditional family structure, the cultural and moral basis of the people. This will further destroy the historic African cultural value systems and, eventually lead to a moral void and the collapse of these societies. Deviant behavior and deliberate depopulation will trigger the collapse. The study, therefore, recommends among other things that to prevent such cultural destabilization, the Etsako people and possibly, Nigeria need to educate and politically socialize their women, from an African socio-cultural political framework. This is a major way by which Etsako and Africa by extension will command Western political respect.
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Degge, Hannah Mafo. "Experiences of women with obstetric fistula in Nigeria : a narrative inquiry." Thesis, University of Hull, 2018. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16588.
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Obstetric Fistula is an abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum resulting from prolonged and obstructed labour. It occurs mostly in developing countries and is a neglected maternal health issue in Nigeria. Women’s experiences of living with fistula often reflect gender inequities. This study explored how women attending a reintegration service described their experiences of living with fistula. Using narrative inquiry methodology, 15 women (treated and rehabilitated) were interviewed. Data were analysed using the core story creation and emplotment method of narrative analysis. A reconstructed narrative provided plot headings of ‘fistula ordeal, treatment process, and returning to life’. Fistula formation was linked to the influence of others, geographical remoteness and transport and poor health systems. Fistula survivors and families facilitated access to treatment; aided to cope with incontinence that triggered stigma issues. Negative identity changes through incontinence were: ‘Leaking’ identity, ‘Masu yoyon fitsari’ (the leakers of urine identity), and ‘spoiled’ identity. Attending the repair centre conferred hope and relief through mutual survivors (‘Masu yoyon fitsari’) support. ‘Spoiled’ identity reflected the challenges of the ‘leaking’ identity in the face of ‘failings’ as a woman with respect to sexual and reproductive responsibilities. Reversing the negative identities was pivotal in the women’s resilience in seeking a cure. The ‘improved’ identity achieved after fistula repair and rehabilitation provided continence control and improved financial status. This research is the first known comprehensive empirical study of the experiences of treated and rehabilitated obstetric fistula survivors in Nigeria. The prevalence of fistula in Nigeria reflects inequitable distribution of health care compounded by socio-cultural practices. This research is the first application to women’s health in the African context using Frank’s narrative typology. The study contributes to the empirical evidence of women’s pathway through developing fistula, to treatment, and rehabilitation into family and community life in Nigeria.
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Unawunwa, F., and I. Ogunsanya. "Skin cancer in young women in Nigeria due to bleaching cream." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58615.
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Skin cancer (SC) has been a major problem in the world as a whole it is the most common type of cancer . Black people have a lower risk of skin cancer than the whites because the melanin pigment of the black skin protects against the harmful carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun . However, individuals that bleach their black skin colour have lost the privilege of this protection and consequently expose themselves to skin cancer. In Nigeria due to young women have this mindset that fair girls are more beautiful the use of bleaching cream increased.
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Oha, Augustina. "Impediments of Self-Managed Type 2 Diabetes in Mgbidi Women, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4879.
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Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia that affects fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. Researchers have identified that for individuals with Type 2 diabetes, staying on interventions for diabetes self-management is sometimes difficult and challenging. It is an increasing public health concern, especially in certain minority populations and in many developing and developed nations. This is especially true for the population of women 40 years and older in Mgbidi, Nigeria. In the Enugu State of Nigeria, women bear most of the burden of Type 2 diabetes when compared to the males in the state. This study explored and evaluated the impediments to self-managed Type 2 diabetes among Mgbidi women in the Enugu State of Nigeria, West Africa, using a qualitative phenomenological approach. The concept of impediments influencing cultural behavior was used as the guiding framework. The participants were a group of 9 women 40 years and older who live with Type 2 diabetes. Face-to-face in-depth structured and unstructured interviews were used for the data collection. The responses of the participants were recorded using a tape recorder with their consent. Their responses were analyzed using aspects of Hycner's and Colaizzi's approach for analyzing phenomenological data. The result of this study supported and expanded on the findings of the current literature review. Individual and social challenges and barriers came to light; such as lack of or non-functioning care centers, lack of diabetes related education, and misconceptions like ignorance, social support and medications behaviors. The use of the concept of impediments influencing culturally sensitive self-management behavior of type 2 Diabetes strengthened the study. The findings could help to enhance cultural sensitive diabetes education for this population and other populations who have diabetes in this community.
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Ojinta, Roseline Iruoma. "Barriers to Women Leadership of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6081.
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Management literature lacks a deeper understanding of barriers to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) leadership among women entrepreneurs in Nigeria focusing on women leaders' daily business experiences, their agency, and their entrepreneurial context. Women in Nigeria seeking promotion to leadership roles in SMEs continue to look for answers on how to surmount the multiple barriers hampering their leadership aspirations. To address this need, this study was designed to explore how women entrepreneurs in Nigeria describe barriers to SME leadership through narratives about their daily business experiences, their agency, and their entrepreneurial context. The women's entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, the Nigerian women's entrepreneurial leadership style, and the agentic behavior of women leaders provided the conceptual framework for this work. A qualitative narrative inquiry method was adopted, and data were gathered through face-to-face semistructured interviews. The participants were a purposeful sample of 10 Nigerian women entrepreneurial leaders over the age of 30. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five thematic categories emerged and were used to answer the research question. Study findings showed that Nigerian women entrepreneurial leaders face challenges due to family, gender, and patriarchal attitudes of the culture. The study shows the experiences, challenges, and triumphs of these courageous and resilient Nigerian women entrepreneurial leaders. Positive social change implications include providing training, mentoring programs, and information to guide, empower, and equip upcoming women entrepreneurial leaders to avert challenges in the future.
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Lundmark, Emmy. "The Political Power of Women in Helon Habila's Waiting for an Angel." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10358.
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Eriksson, Victoria. "Gränsen mellan effektivitet och medmänsklighet : En kvalitativ studie om hanteringen av ärenden där nigerianska kvinnor tvingats in i människohandel genom religiöst tvång." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412408.
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The following study seek to examine how professionals within different organizations in Sweden work to deal with cases where Nigerian women have been forced into human trafficking through juju-rituals. The aim of the study is to examine how professionals relate to women’s beliefs, what opportunities women have for overcoming this spiritual control, and what strategies professionals use to try to undermine the spiritual control. The following study seeks to answer these questions through qualitative data based on five semi-structured interviews with professionals working in non-governmental organizations (NGOs), asylum agencies or as regional-coordinators. The result of the study indicate that the professionals constantly balance between efficiency and humanity in terms of trying to challenge Nigerian women’s perceived spiritual control. The professionals often perceive that there is a limit to how much the women’s beliefs can be called into dispute. Forcing Nigerian women to renounce their juju-faith is considered as a violation of women’s religious freedom. Furthermore, the result of the study indicates that how professionals relate to Nigerian women’s fear of juju may differ depending on occupational category. The result indicates that law enforcement authorities are more likely to explain the link between human trafficking and the use of juju as brainwash, while other NGOs strive to develop a deeper understanding of Nigerian women’s fear of juju’s subsequent effects. In conclusion, the study's findings show that the professionals claim that Nigerian women have different capabilities for dealing with the situation they are in. That the professionals want the women themselves to be agents in their religious lives indicate a respect for women's right to practice their religion, even if their choices are not an effective solution to their problems.
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Peter, Wuraola. "Financial Barriers and Response Strategies to Support Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Nigeria." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42689.
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Women entrepreneurs play increasingly important roles in job creation and sustainable economic growth in developing economies, including sub-Saharan Africa. While Nigeria has made progress in closing gender gaps in women’s employment rights, financial inclusion and access to resources remain challenges for many women who seek to start and grow businesses. Barriers to venture creation are particularly problematic for women entrepreneurs living in rural Nigeria. Yet, few studies have examined women entrepreneurs’ access to capital in the context of rural Nigeria, including the perceived value of informal lenders and government support programs. This thesis informs the literature by reporting on women entrepreneurs who own and operate retail micro-enterprises in rural, South-West Nigeria, specifically Atakunmosa West, Osun State. The study findings demonstrate the value and limitations of informal lenders, such as Ajo and Esusu, in bridging institutional voids in banking practices and technology-enabled money services. Drawing on the social feminist and resource-based theory, the study advances a conceptual model of the gendered context of financial inclusion and considers the implications for research and policy.
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Nwi-ue, Letam. "Predictors of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Island Maternity, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7245.
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Pregnancy outcomes have improved tremendously in developed countries. Notwithstanding, it is still a huge challenge in developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015 in Nigeria, about 145 women died daily from pregnancy-related causes. Similarly, nearly 2,300 children under 5 years were lost in the same year. Nigeria consistently underperformed in some of the critical pregnancy indicators such as maternal and neonatal mortality, second worst only to India in the world. Studies on poor pregnancy outcomes are scarce in Nigeria. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study was to use local evidence to ascertain the risk factors that predict poor pregnancy outcomes for women of childbearing age (15-49 years old) in Nigeria. The theoretical framework for this study was the social cognitive theory. Secondary data from 400 pregnant women from Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria, was used for this study. Five central research questions were analyzed through univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated moderate to strong statistically significant associations between outcomes of last pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and the timing of antenatal care booking with maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and low birth weight, even after controlling for other covariates. Findings from this study may foster positive social change by further enhancing the understanding of poor pregnancy outcomes, especially in Nigeria. It will help public health practitioners, policymakers, community leaders and other stakeholders to design strategies and interventions that will take advantage of cultural and religious norms and educational status of women of childbearing age in promoting reproductive health in Nigeria.
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Nwanesi, Peter Karubi. "Development, Micro-credit and Women's Empowerment: A Case Study of Market and Rural Women in Southern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/958.
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This study investigates women's economic empowerment in relation to micro'credit schemes in southern Nigeria. The study also evaluates the benefits and limitations of micro'credit as a resourceful means of enhancing women's economic activities in the labour market and eliminating poverty among market and rural women. Micro'credit schemes and institutions which provide soft loans to women have become a critical tool in development programmes aiming to empower them. The Nigerian government (both at Federal and State levels) has pursued this development trend since 1985 and today, it is estimated that an increasing number of Nigerian women participate in these schemes. Besides, it is widely accepted among development practitioners that micro'credit schemes not only contribute to poverty reduction but also empower the have'nots. My research design has drawn on gender analytical frameworks such as the 1980 Harvard Analytical Framework, Kabeer's 1998 Women's Empowerment Assessment, and Mayoux' 2001 micro'credit empowerment paradigm. This study employed as its methodology, ethnographic field research. This includes semi'structured interviews and participant observation. In addition, data was obtained from state databases, archives and development websites. Throughout, both qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis were used. This study found that women in southern Nigeria are extensively engaged in economic activities. It also established that micro'credit provides finance to enhance market and rural women's participation in production and trade. The study further ascertains that women have some control over their loans. However, increased economic activities may have also increased participants' financial responsibilities and household decision'making is still a prerogative of male head of the family. In addition, this study found that older married women in this region enjoy a comparatively high degree of personal mobility, but restrictions on travel in terms of distance and time are very common for younger married women. These restrictions are sanctioned by customs, household obligations, and social infrastructures. While problems with the transportation network have enhanced the middlemen's domination of economic activities in this region they increased women's dependence on their services. All this renders empowerment for women more difficult to achieve although it makes a practical contribution to their everyday lives.
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Mohammed, Esosa. "Resilience of Nigerian Widows in the Face of Harmful Widowhood Practices in Southwest Nigeria: An Interdisciplinary Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3508.
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Widows in Nigeria endure adverse and traumatic practices that affect their health, well-being, and rights as women. After decades of struggle and resistance against persistent widowhood practices, this study sought to portray in Nigerian widows, hidden strengths, resilience, and agency rather than their vulnerability and powerlessness. Analysis of secondary scholarship, interviews, and survey questionnaires reveal that some Nigerian widows are able to cope even as they navigate through the challenges and trauma of demeaning and stressful practices. The results also demonstrate that the ability to cope and thrive under stress and adversity links not only to an individual’s personal growth and well-being, but also to their ability to develop agency and empower themselves. This study has implications for female empowerment and sociocultural change. Additionally, the results suggest a need for future research and interventions that further develop the concept of resilience in Nigerian widows.
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Gunn, Jayleen KL, John E. Ehiri, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Kacey C. Ernst, Sydney Pettygrove, Lindsay N. Kohler, Steven D. Haenchen, et al. "Population-based prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Enugu State, Nigeria: the Healthy Beginning Initiative." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610325.
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BACKGROUND: Malaria adversely affects pregnant women and their fetuses or neonates. Estimates of the malaria burden in pregnant women based on health facilities often do not present a true picture of the problem due to the low proportion of women delivering at these facilities in malaria-endemic regions. METHODS: Data for this study were obtained from the Healthy Beginning Initiative using community-based sampling. Self-identified pregnant women between the ages of 17-45 years were recruited from churches in Enugu State, Nigeria. Malaria parasitaemia was classified as high and low based on the malaria plus system. RESULTS: Of the 2069 pregnant women for whom malaria parasitaemia levels were recorded, over 99 % tested positive for malaria parasitaemia, 62 % showed low parasitaemia and 38 % high parasitaemia. After controlling for confounding variables, odds for high parasitaemia were lower among those who had more people in the household (for every one person increase in a household, OR = 0.94, 95 % CI 0.89-0.99). CONCLUSION: Results of this study are consistent with hospital-based estimates of malaria during pregnancy in southeastern Nigeria. Based on the high prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in this sample, education on best practices to prevent malaria during pregnancy, and resources in support of these practices are urgently needed.
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Beedie, Ezi. "Adequacy of pension income in Nigeria : the case of retired women civil servants." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2015. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/150/.
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Pensions are fundamentally methods of addressing and managing the risks of aging. However, in terms of coverage, the acknowledged difference between the formal and informal sector workers in developing countries has led to the assumption that people in the formal sector do not have to worry about pension. Against this background, this thesis investigates the extent to which pension ensures adequate income for retired women civil servants in Nigeria. Understanding these women‘s retirement experiences necessitated an approach that incorporated gendered life course and gendered political economy. Central to a life course approach is the notion that it is difficult to divorce pension and retirement outcomes from the life course experiences that precede them. A gendered political economy approach allows for the de-bunking of the unitary household model and enables the adaptation of Razavi‘s ―care diamond‖ with a focus on retirees‘ financial support for dependants. By using interviews and questionnaires, this thesis analyses the links between and comparisons across pension schemes, educational levels, retirement age, pension entitlements, adequacy and supplements. Cross tabulation is used as a lead to identifying and pursuing potential patterns in dataset and digging deep into the factors that impact women‘s pension adequacy. Despite the limitations of the study, it is apparent that in the context of normative expectations of extended family structure, linked lives, high rate of un/under employment of dependants and limited (and high cost of ) access to social provisioning, pension is and will always be inadequate. This then forces formal sector women retirees into the informal sector to supplement their pension income. Findings of the study clearly demonstrate that the sustainable provision of formal sector pensions should not be the end of policy concerns about wellbeing in later life; but the start of a much wider focus on social provision and social relations in later life. This study‘s findings have implications for the pension, ageing and social protection policies in Nigeria, which are applicable to the wider sub Saharan African. The implications of this study for assessing pension adequacy also extend beyond Nigeria.
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Oreyomi, Olabosipo O. "Barriers to Utilization of Malaria Preventive Measures in Rural Nigeria Among Pregnant Women." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6468.
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Malaria is a mosquito transmitted tropical disease that accounts for more cases and deaths in Nigeria than in any other country worldwide. Globally malaria accounts for 300,000 deaths among young children and pregnant women annually. The promotion of the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) to reduce pregnant women's contact with mosquitoes has been the focus of malaria prevention efforts in Nigeria. However, the use of ITNs during pregnancy has been inexplicably low in Nigeria. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to examine barriers to the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. The social ecological model was utilized to analyze secondary data from a 2015 survey conducted in Nigeria in which 4,834 pregnant women between 15 to 49 years of age participated. The relationship between the use of ITNs and the knowledge of ITNs, traditional medicine, education, and family income was examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of ITN (p = 0.000), family income (p = 0.000), education of pregnant women (p = 0.000) and the use of ITN among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. However, there was no relationship between the use of traditional medicine (p = >0.5), and the use of ITN, perhaps because most of the women surveyed did not respond to the question about use of traditional medicine. Results of the study have important implications for positive social changes among pregnant women in Nigeria. These findings will inform strategies to increase the uptake of ITNs during pregnancy in Nigeria, improving birth outcomes, increasing maternal and child survival, and decreasing the economic burden due to malaria morbidity and mortality in rural Nigeria.
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Okigbo, Karen Amaka. "Ghostly Narratives : A Case Study on the Experiences and Roles of Biafran Women during the Nigeria-Biafra War." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29720.
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Since the end of the Nigcria-Biafra war in 1970, political and social theorists, journalists, and scholars have discussed the significance of the war and the major players. Yet one perspective is often omitted, and that is the experiences of women and the roles they played during the war. This thesis begins to unearth some of those hidden narratives through the use of in-depth interviews with seven Biafran women who lived during and survived the Nigeria-Biafra war. Their stories about the importance of their ethnic and religious identities, their roles and experiences during the war, their encounters with death and refugees, and their discussions of a generational shift are important parts of some of the unearthed narratives.
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Alanamu, Temilola Adunni Seinab. "The gendered lifecycle in nineteenth-century Abeokuta, Yorubaland (present day south-west Nigeria)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17399.
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This thesis is a micro-history of gender relations in nineteenth-century Yorùbáland (present-day south-west Nigeria) using the town of Abẹ́òkúta as a case study. It investigates the lived experiences of men and women in a time of radical and sweeping political, economic, social and cultural changes characterised by violent and debilitating intra-ethnic wars that lasted almost a century; the advent of Christian missionaries and their corresponding influences; the spread of Islam; and the dawn of British colonialism. It challenges existing frameworks for understanding gender in Africa, which often considers sex categories only, by exploring how the intersections of sex, age and socio-economic status shaped the pre-colonial gendered experience. Since nineteenth-century Yorùbáland was essentially a gerontocratic society, it analyses gender from a lifecycle perspective, illuminating how the lived experiences of males and females transformed from childhood, to youth to adulthood and then old age and eventually death. The study engages with current discourses about the highly contested notion of the presence of gender categories in Yorùbá society. Decades of research have either confirmed or contested the idea that gender categories based on biological sex existed in pre-colonial times. While some feminist authors, such as Oyeronke Oyewumi, have argued that sex-based gendered categories are strictly a western invention in Yorùbáland and most of Africa, others, including Bolanle Awe and Oyeronke Olademo have taken a more middle road. They claim instead that although sexed categories were present in precolonial times, Africans did not view sexual difference in western terms of male superiority and female subordination, neither was sex a significant contributor to a person’s life trajectories. They have argued that Western and African experiences had marked differences and that the relationship between men and women in Yorùbáland were complementary. Using nineteenth- and early twentieth-century written sources and oral traditions and building on the works of certain social historians who contest these constructions of the past, this thesis counters the gender complementarity arguments and contends instead that sex played a more significant role in the nineteenth century than previously realised. It maintains that although age hierarchies played a substantial role in social differentiation, sex was also an important factor in determining a person’s quality of life and future aspirations. Although the study is focused on women, a significant portion of the thesis discusses men in order to contextualise women’s experiences. It argues that since gender relations permeated all aspects of society including non-discursive practices, to study the experience of only one sex would give an incomplete and perhaps distorted view of society.
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Ogunleye, Toyin S. "Sustainability and Outreach: Analysis of Microfinance Banks in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15206.
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The thesis empirically examined the implications of microfinance scaling up or sustainability on outreach in Nigeria. Basically, two methodologies were used namely, panel data econometric and survey methods. The panel dataset of 752 microfinance banks in Nigeria was used during the period 2011-2014, while the survey was conducted on some selected microfinance banks in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja in 2014. The findings from the thesis showed that, at the national level, yield, labour cost, orientation, efficiency, gender and size of loans are the major drivers of microfinance banks‟ sustainability in Nigeria. While at the state level, microfinance banks sustainability is driven by orientation and loan size. Findings also showed that sustainable MFBs tend to be more focused on the poor clients. The thesis showed that lending to female clients improves repayment rate of MFBs in Nigeria. Corroborating the regression result, the survey findings also suggest that lending to women had improved and enhanced repayment rate. In view of these findings, the thesis recommends that sustainability and outreach are not necessarily incompatible. However in pursuing sustainability greater attention should be on female clients, as greater lending to women would improve the repayment rate of MFBs and further engendered the industry sustainability.
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Ibitoye, Olabisi Fatimo. "Developing a culturally congruent continuous labour support framework for women in South-West Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5494.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDChildbirth is a multifaceted experience that is usually influenced by several factors that could result in an unsatisfactory or satisfactory childbirth experience. These factors include quality of support during labour of which Continuous Labour Support (CLS) is a part; it has been identified as a positive contributor to maternal health. Although CLS has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), lack of a framework has also been an impediment to its implementation in Nigerian hospitals. The purpose of this study is to develop a culturally congruent Continuous Labour Support framework for women in Nigeria. The study adopted a concurrent mixed method design to gain information from various dimensions for the study. The study populations included pregnant women, nurse-midwives and health policy-makers in Ondo state, Nigeria, who were selected through simple random sampling using computer-generated tables for the quantitative strand of the study. For the qualitative strand, participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 focused on the assessment of the perceptions, attitudes and preferences of all groups of participants. Collected quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21. Qualitative data was analysed using Tesch's Method of Content Analysis. Findings the study shows that the pregnant women had positive perceptions and attitudes towards CLS from a familiar, close and trusted person, in public health facilities. Findings from the midwives revealed that pregnant women's family members are not usually involved in women's care during labour in public health facilities. However, nurse-midwives expressed satisfaction with the few occasional/discretional occasions on which the practice had been implemented, and the majority showed positive perceptions and attitudes to the introduction of CLS from a person of the woman's choice, in public health facilities. Findings from interviews with the policy-makers affirmed family support system during labour as a cultural expectation and a traditional practice at home but alien to the hospital. The policy-makers also expressed a positive standpoint on the introduction of CLS by persons of the woman’s choice from her social network, in the public hospital. Phase 2 of the study involved the development of the culturally congruent Continuous Labour Support framework for women in south-west Nigeria. The framework was developed using the Model Development Approach by Walker and Avant (2005, 2011). Findings from processes with all stakeholders in Phase 1 of the study were synthesised with literature review, using concept identification and classification. The concepts in this study were identified, described and developed through synthesis of data from questionnaire, the focus group and individual interviews of all stakeholders. Concept classification, description and validation was achieved through the six vantage points of surveying activity listed by Dickoff et al, (1968) in consultation the selected expert reviewers in maternal and child care. The developed framework was followed by a detailed description, and validation of the framework was done through consensus agreement with four experts.
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Henshaw, Atim. "Breaking the Silence| Postpartum Depression Among Reproductive-aged Women in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623837.
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is internationally recognized as one of the most prevalent and severe but neglected maternal mental health complications of childbirth. Previous studies have indicated that there is a high burden of disease associated with PPD in both developed and developing countries. However, there remain gaps in the current literature regarding the recognition and management of PPD in remote parts of the developing world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of health professionals towards PPD and examine the factors that either facilitated or hindered its recognition and management in a remote setting in Nigeria. The pen-3 cultural model was the conceptual framework used in this study. The study focused specifically on professionals with regard to the recognition and management of PPD in a rural hospital in Nigeria. Ten semi structured qualitative interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses from a rural hospital in Nigeria. Data were analyzed via phenomenological interpretative analysis. Results from the study revealed that health professionals in a remote setting in Nigeria have a working knowledge of PPD and perceived the condition as a serious public health concern, but were faced with numerous barriers from the institutional, organizational, and community level that hindered their ability to recognize and manage PPD in a timely manner. These results make an important contribution to the existing literature and can enhance social change initiatives through the enhancement of awareness of PPD, and the need for improvement of policies on comprehensive maternal mental health in remote parts of Nigeria.
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Nzute, Anastesia. "Utilisation of insecticide treated nets among women in rural Nigeria : themes, stories, and performance." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620391.
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Background: The effect of Malaria attack on maternal and child health in Nigeria is high compared with other countries in sub Saharan Africa. This problem has been a persistent issue in Nigeria and many researchers have tried to proffer solutions. Insecticide treated nets (ITN) have been identified as providing approximately 80% protection against malaria attack. However, all the measures put in place to control malaria failed to meet up with the set target of the Roll Back Malaria Initiative, which aimed at reducing malaria deaths in Nigeria by half by 2010 in line with the Millennium Development Goals (Anyaehie et al., 2009). As part of the global initiative to reduce malaria deaths before 2015 (Amoran, Senbanjo and Asagwara, 2011) the Nigerian government introduced intervention programmes to protect pregnant women, and children under-five years of age (Anyaehie et al., 2011). However, although there has been considerable and effective intervention in controlling this preventable disease in the African continent, marked inconsistency in the distribution of the ITN, scarcity and low usage in Nigeria (Amoran, Senbanjo and Asagwara, 2011) are apparent, despite emphasis on community-based strategies for malaria control (Obinna, 2011). For midwives in rural Nigeria the disproportionate vulnerability of pregnant women and young children is of great concern. This particular issue is the focus of a hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry into the experiences of pregnant women and mothers in their efforts to protect their families and themselves from malaria attack. The study contends that the ‘big (pan-African/national) story’ of malaria has found many voices, speaking from a predominantly positivist perspective. While some more interpretivist approaches to exploring experience have been employed elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rachel and Frank 2005), there remains a need for more participatory research related to health care issues in Nigeria (Abdullahi et al 2013). Women and children make up the majority of the Nigeria population of over 160 million. An attack of malaria on them affects entire households and the economy of the nation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to give voice to the ‘small (household) stories’ of Nigerian women (mothers and health workers), living and working in impoverished rural communities, and consider how their viewpoints, perspectives and imaginings might contribute to the fight for a malaria-free Nigeria. Methodological approach: The research draws on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The participants’ accounts are interpreted in terms of Africana ‘Womanism’ as defined by Hudson-Weems (1993), the socio-narratology approach elaborated by Frank (2010), and Igbo world-view. Research procedure: Individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with Igbo women in three rural communities in Enugu State in eastern Nigeria (Nsukka, Ngwo, and Amechi). This was a three-phase process involving an initial orientation visit to engage with local gatekeepers and community health workers. A first round of interviews and discussion took place in three communities in 2014, followed by the first phase of interpretation. A second field trip took place in 2015, during which participants discussed the ongoing interpretation and elaborated further on some of the issues raised. Interpretive phases 2 and 3 followed this visit. Interpretive process: Interpretive shifts in understanding were accomplished in three ways: 1. Seeking thematic connections between participants’ accounts of living with the threat of malaria. 2. Engaging in dialogical narrative analysis to explore the work done by the stories embedded in individual accounts of living under the threat of malaria. 3. Crafting found poetry from within the collective accounts to produce an evocative text that could mediate an emotional response and understanding of the malaria experience. Key outcomes: The research was a response to calls for more participatory research into the detailed experiences of people in Africa facing up to the threat of malaria. It has provided a vehicle for the voices of a group of Nigerian women and health workers to bring attention to the continuing plight of pregnant women and their families with limited access to insecticide-treated bed nets in poor living conditions. They have told how they seek to empower themselves in their own small and particular ways. It has provided insights into their worldview(s) and what others might see from where they stand. As such it has added to their own call expressed during the research to “Keep malaria on the agenda.” The research has used the women’s own testimony to create an oral resource designed https://youtu.be/XelMXLUzTV0 to facilitate education and action among small local groups of women and their families, and for health workers in local rural communities.
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Odekina, Daniel Aromeh. "Social Determinants of Health Inequality and Life Expectancy Among Women of Edo State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1859.
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Health inequality conflates a huge number of economic, social, and political issues. These issues, together described as social determinants, determine a population's health through influencing health status and life expectancy. The research purpose of this study was to examine how social determinants affected the life expectancy of the women of Edo State, based on secondary data from Nigeria's 2008 demographic and health survey (NDHS). The theories that guided the study were self-efficacy beliefs of the social cognitive theory and physical self-concept of the health belief model. This quantitative cross-sectional study examined the associations between socioeconomic status, nutritional status, literacy/educational attainment, access to household sanitation facilities, and life expectancy. The dependent variables were health status and life expectancy (assessed using parity and age at first delivery). The independent variables were employment, ability to read and write, listening to the radio, type of place of residence, and persons responsible for reproductive health decisions. The analysis was based on data from 950 completed face-to-face interviews in the 2008 NDHS covering 846 households in Edo State selected using a stratified 2-stage cluster sampling design. Regression analyses showed that listening to the radio, persons responsible for decisions on reproductive health issues, employment, and type of place of residence had significant positive effects on parity and age at first delivery. Employment was the best predictor of both dependent variables. Ability to read and write had a negative relationship with the age at first delivery. The social change implications include the attainment of longer lives in Edo State, Nigeria, through effective policies on employment and education.
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Dotimi, Doris Atibinye. "Lived Experiences of Women from the Odi community in Nigeria of Female Genital Mutilation." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2282.
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Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a public health challenge because it jeopardizes the health of women and girls. FGM is condemned worldwide but, it is still practiced in the Odi community of Nigeria. The literature on women's lived experiences of FGM in other parts of the world was reviewed, but knowledge is lacking on the lived experiences of women from Odi community in Nigeria. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore their lived experiences, their perspectives on the current legislation for the prevention of FGM, and their perspectives on the cultural myths surrounding the practice. The phenomenological lens was used both as the study design and as the theoretical framework which states that humans know the world through their experiences. This theory guided the study on how the women of Odi community attached meaning to their experiences with FGM. Nine women, 18 and older, who had experienced FGM, were recruited through a snowball technique. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. Five major themes emerged: (a) FGM is a traditional rite, (b) challenges of FGM, (c) FGM cultural myth instills fear, (d) ignorance of legislation against FGM, and (e) needs government intervention to halt FGM. Participants recommended the enforcement of the legislation against FGM. The findings of this study will be communicated to stakeholders of FGM in the Odi community and in public health journals to serve as a basis for further research. The implication for social change is that maternal and child health will be improved.
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Werthmann, Katja. "Nachbarinnen." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-210668.
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Muslimische Frauen in Nigeria sind »eingeschlossen«, aber nicht eingesperrt. Was bedeutet das aus ihrer Sicht? Die Ethnologin Katja Werthmann untersuchte während eines sechzehnmonatigen Feldforschungsaufenthaltes in Kano, der größten Stadt Nordnigerias, zentrale Aspekte des Alltagslebens dieser Frauen. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Frauen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Tradition und Moderne, Arm und Reich, Abhängigkeit und Autonomie. Individuelle und kollektive Strategien im Umgang mit kulturellen Normen und gesellschaftlichen Realitäten stehen im Vordergrund dieser Studie. Katja Werthmann betrachtet Frauen im islamischen Afrika nicht aus eurozentrischer Perspektive als homogene Gruppe, sondern als konkrete, handelnde Personen in einem komplexen sozialen Umfeld.
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Werthmann, Katja. "Nachbarinnen: die Alltagswelt muslimischer Frauen in einer nigerianischen Großstadt." Brandes & Apsel, 1997. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13920.
Full textAbstract:
Muslimische Frauen in Nigeria sind »eingeschlossen«, aber nicht eingesperrt. Was bedeutet das aus ihrer Sicht? Die Ethnologin Katja Werthmann untersuchte während eines sechzehnmonatigen Feldforschungsaufenthaltes in Kano, der größten Stadt Nordnigerias, zentrale Aspekte des Alltagslebens dieser Frauen. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Frauen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Tradition und Moderne, Arm und Reich, Abhängigkeit und Autonomie. Individuelle und kollektive Strategien im Umgang mit kulturellen Normen und gesellschaftlichen Realitäten stehen im Vordergrund dieser Studie. Katja Werthmann betrachtet Frauen im islamischen Afrika nicht aus eurozentrischer Perspektive als homogene Gruppe, sondern als konkrete, handelnde Personen in einem komplexen sozialen Umfeld.
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Iwuagwu, Stella C. "Sexual and Reproductive Decisions and Experiences of Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Abuja, Nigeria." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1879009251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Adolfsson, Katarina. "Kambili and Tambudzai: Inspirational Young Women from Africa." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19227.
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This essay explores the living conditions of the main characters Kambili in Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Tambudzai in Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga and their struggle to achieve personal freedom. It aims to show that colonial stereotypes are challenged through the girl´s struggles. It starts with a short exposé over post-colonial theory, here a methodological viewpoint, which is important to consider Kambili and Tambudzai from. It furthermore considers how their extensive family circumstances have impact on these two young protagonists, and finally examines how they employ formal and informal education as a tool to make changes in their lives and become inspirational young African women.
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Oyebanji, Kemi Fisayo. "Human trafficking across a border in Nigeria: Experiences of young women who have survived trafficking." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5939.
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Magister Artium - MA (Women and Gender Studies)Human trafficking is a global issue that most countries have battled to control and combat in recent times. It is exploitative, abusive and violates human rights. Research showing the prevalence of human trafficking in mostly underdeveloped and developing countries with slack border controls and ineffective immigration activities seem to foreground women as victims in most cases. Although men, women and children are all prone to trafficking, young women and girls are more vulnerable due to political, economic and social factors. This study focuses on the experiences of young women who survived trafficking. Working within a qualitat ive feminist framework, this study explores the lived experiences of trafficked young women across a border in Nigeria. Five participants aged twenty to twenty-five were selected through convenience and snowballing sampling. Narrative thematic analysis was used as a methodology for data analysis. Findings from this study clearly show multiple factors which contribute to young women's vulnerability to trafficking. Some of the factors included family instability, feminization of poverty and gender inequality, which saw male children preferred over their female counterparts. Low levels of education and lack of care and support from the family further emerged as a source of vulnerability to trafficking for young women due to their low level of education. Gender and sexuality played a role in the reason for trafficking in this case, because all of the survivors were trafficked for the purpose of commercial sex work.
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Nnajiofor, Chinyere Fidelia. "HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination Toward Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143549.
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HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination (S&D), lack of social support, poverty, and gender inequalities have been identified as factors in the increased prevalence rate of HIV transmission in Enugu, Nigeria, especially among women ages 15 to 49 years. Despite the funding of reduction programs, HIV/AIDS-related S&D remain a major driving force in the increased rate of new HIV cases in Enugu. This study addressed a perceived need for behavioral change intervention approaches that span all societal factors to reduce the HIV infection rate in Enugu Nigeria. The study was guided by Goffman’s (1963) social S&D theory. The sample was composed of 132 women living with HIV/AIDS WLWHA ages 21 to 54 years, purposefully sampled from the 4 HIV and AIDS comprehensive initiatives care centers in Enugu, Nigeria. Fifteen WLWHA were interviewed and 114 participated in an online survey. The descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression analysis and comparison revealed a convergent significant relationship between the S&D determinants (social, political, psychological, environmental, and cultural) and HIV/AIDS-related S&D towards WLWHA in Enugu F (4,109) = 45.09, p <.001). It also revealed that the cultural determinant of S&D was a significant predictor of HIV/AIDS-related S&D towards WLWHA in Enugu (? = 0.81, p < 0.001). The implications for positive social change include providing public health professionals evidence-based data to inform policy change, plan and to implement programs that will change societal attitudes and mobilize broad-based community actions to eradicate HIV/AIDS–related S&D toward WLWHA in Enugu, Nigeria, and in Sub-Saharan African Countries.
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Emmanuel, Andy. "Breastfeeding intentions and practices of women in Plateau State, Nigeria : a cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal clinics in selected hospitals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13138.
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Includes bibliographical references.Breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of a child’s life, and subsequently continuing to breastfeed until the child is 2 years old, potentially reduces maternal and child morbidity and mortality and has numerous benefits for mother and child. Infant feeding practices can change within a short period due to several modifiable factors. Underpinned by the Health Belief Model, this study attempted to identify the breastfeeding practices of women and the factors that influence these practices. The study also assessed mothers’ intentions to breastfeed the baby/infant following delivery of the current pregnancy.
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Alo, Oluwatosin Ige. "Empowerment and HIV prevention among women in Nigeria : the relative significance of behavioural and structural determinants." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49582/.
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Lack of empowerment and the resulting inability to negotiate safe sex is identified in this thesis as a major factor promoting the spread of HIV infection among heterosexual Yoruba women in Nigeria, and my research also explored what kinds of interventions might deal with these problems. Currently, behavioural approaches represent the dominant ideology in the field of HIV prevention, with the focus on tackling the problem of lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of commitment to prevention. The research investigated was whether these strategies are adequately sensitive to the experiences of women in Nigeria or fails to take account of how socio-cultural and economic forces constrain or enable them to adopt recommended sexual health behaviours. To explore these issues, respondent groups included low and high socio-economic status women, low and high socio-economic status men, local HIV/AIDS agencies and people living with HIV/AIDS. Using qualitative methods to elicit rich and deep data about how the respondents define their health behaviour in relation to HIV, sex practices and women’s empowerment, I conducted 29 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions, involving 91 participants. There are two key findings. First, behavioural approaches to HIV prevention are limited because women’s inability to negotiate safe sex in heterosexual relationships reflects structural problems rather than an individual lack of knowledge or awareness. Women are more constrained by the fears of relationships breakup, economic insecurity, violence and the difficulty in being able to justify why they feel the need to insist on safe sex, as this is perceived as antithetical to trust in sexual relationships. Second, although women’s access to life opportunities can help, this does not automatically empower them to negotiate safe sex because of the widespread culture of patriarchy. Thus, structural approaches to HIV prevention among women need to do more than promote economic redistribution and access to formal education. Thus the study argues that policy and strategy on HIV prevention should not be confined to narrow individual-level interventions, but be informed by wider perspectives of how traditional gender stereotypes promote women’s disempowerment and run counter to safe sex practices in heterosexual relationships.
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Goin, Linda. "Determined Mothering and the Social Construction of Black Women in Novels from Britain, Canada and Nigeria." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5690.
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The objective of this research is to explore images of Black women as determined mothers in novels from Britain, Canada, and Nigeria- Efuru (1966) by Flora Nwapa; Second Class Citizen (1975) by Buchi Emecheta; Harriet's Daughter (1988) by Marlene Nourbese Philip; and La Dot de Sara (1995) by Marie-Célie Agnant-with a view to identifying the importance of determined mothering as a valuable strategy to articulate resistance. In this study I am focusing on determination as a strategy of resistance to patriarchal dominance and poverty by fictional mothers in the reshaping of their own identities and those of their children. By"determined mother" I mean a mother who does everything within her limits to protect her children, provide food, shelter, clothing, and a sound education for them and possibly for herself. This is not to say that the focus of determined mothering is only on the child or on self, because in some of the texts such as Second Class Citizen and La Dot de Sara, determined mothering is propelled by the desire to change the community and the societal construction of women, and the expectations placed on Black women in particular. For example in Second Class Citizen, the protagonist refuses to act like a second-class citizen in London and strives for white collar jobs in the 1970s, a period when being Black and a woman was synonymous with doing menial jobs (44). Adah is unlike the other Blacks in the novel who make do with whatever jobs come their way. In La Dot de Sara determined mothering is a strategy used by self-sufficient mothers who have being mistreated or abandoned by egotistical and chauvinistic men, who see women as their conquest. Due to the abject poverty on the Island, mothers work hard to live above the poverty line. The protagonists in the other two novels under study are not biological mothers; for instance in Harriet's Daughter, the protagonist is a fourteen-year-old adolescent, and in Efuru, the protagonist is childless after the death of her only child. I examine the roles played by the mother figures encountered by the adolescent protagonist in Harriet's Daughter such as the role played by Tina, the mother of the protagonist; the role played by a voiceless mother, Mrs. Clarke; that of the most assertive woman, Bertha; and that of the foremothers, that is"female ancestors" such as freedom fighter, Harriet Tubman and others, and their empowering stories. In Efuru the protagonist is an assertive wife who loses her only child early in the text, thereby remaining childless throughout the rest of the narrative. I examine the mothering roles played by this childless, but independent and assertive wife as a result of her desire to bridge the gap of childlessness by playing the role of"othermother." 1. The"othermother" is a woman who raises non-biological child/children. Drawing on feminist theories on Black women by bell hooks, Layli Philips, Cheryl Johnson-Odim, and Chandra Talpade Mohanty, and on theories of motherhood by Nancy Chodorow, Adrienne Rich, Julia Kristeva, Robert Staples, Evelyn Nakano Glenn and others, I read the expectations placed on Black mothers in the world of the text and their resistance to norms and stereotypes. In writing this thesis, I intend to contribute to the growing body of criticism on Black women's writing from the African diaspora, in this case; writing by and about Black women from Britain, Canada and Nigeria.