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Rousseau, Stéphanie. "Women and the public sphere in Peru : citizenship under Fujimori's neopopulist rule." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84544.
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This thesis analyses the process of social construction of women's citizenship rights in Peru under the regime of Alberto Fujimori (1990--2000). It builds on an existing body of literature on democratization and women's movements in Latin America, to develop an understanding of the forms of women's mobilization under new democratic regimes and the impact of the pattern of state-society relations on the advancements and losses in women's citizenship rights. More specifically, it shows that the 1990s witnessed a significant range of advances in women's civil and political rights, while social and economic rights suffered serious reversals. It is argued that the strategies and opportunities of different sectors of the women's movement in Peru, as well as the objectives pursued by the state under Fujimori's rule, combined to generate this evolution of women's citizenship. The forms of mobilization of these different sectors followed the course of their own constraints and choices, while they were also importantly shaped by the broader political framework: a neopopulist model of political rule together with the implementation of a neoliberal program of structural adjustment and liberalization. The influence of a set of international factors also contributed to structuring the political incentives and resources of the different actors involved in the social construction of women's citizenship in Peru. The thesis concludes that the democratic or authoritarian nature of the political regime as such cannot explain the pattern of construction of women's citizenship rights, as witnessed by an increased space of women in the public sphere and advances in civil and political rights under the restricted version of political democracy which characterized most of Fujimori's rule. Contrary to the literature on other Latin American women's movements, which detected a marginalization of women's movements in the political sphere following the transitions to d
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Dabby, Benjamin James. "Female critics and public moralism in Britain from Anna Jameson to Virginia Woolf." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607994.
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Plumb-Dhindsa, Pamela. "From royal bed to boudoir : the dissolution of the space of appearance told through the history of the French Salon." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21493.
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The space of appearance emerges from the practice of speech and action in the presence of others. Although it predates the public sphere as a formal construction, it exists in the context of a particular place. With the transformation of the ancien regime and the emergence of the bourgeois public sphere, the meaning of public and private was obscured by the rise of the 'social.' The public realm was transformed from a space of disclosure to a realm defined by the necessities of survival---a process by which speech and action lost much of their former power. In the spectacular relations of the ancien regime, public ritual revolved around the royal bed. Through the analogy of language and architecture, seventeenth-century aristocratic women defined new patterns of social practice. In the convergence of the spectacular relations of the court and the world of letters, a space of appearance arose. At the turn of the century, Salon discourse moved from the daybed to the sofa of Rococo salons. Responding to emerging dichotomies, discourse, architecture and Salon practice took on gendered implications. Its decline as a space of appearance coincided with the emergence of the boudoir. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hess, Matthew Peter. "Precious Blood Charism and Active Ministry: How Sisters in Public Schools Influenced Religious Life." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1466623117.
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Jacobs-Smith, Michelle Wilma. "Die sosiale en religieuse rol van die vrou in oud-Israel." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53387.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigates the social and religious roles of women in Ancient Israel. The thesis comprises of four parts. Chapter 1 focuses on the role of women in an anthropological perspective. We take a look at how women were perceived within the pre-industrial communities. Israel did not live in a vacuum but was part and parcel of the ancient Near Eastern cultural world. Chapter 2 therefore focuses on the role of women in Egyptian and Assyrio-Babylonian cultures. Her social, economic, political and religious roles are under investigation. In Chapter 3 the focus shifts to the role of women within the social organisation. A short overview with a few examples demonstrates where the role of women expands beyond that of social organisation. This role, which could be described as a "political function", was only allocated to a few privileged women. Chapter 4 deals with the religious role of the Israelite women. This chapter forms the other focus point of the study. The religious activities of women within the official, popular and familiy religious spheres are examined. Chapter 5 presents a brief summary of the main conclusions of the study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na die sosiale en religieuse rol van die vrou in Oud-Israel. Die tesis bestaan uit vier dele: In Hoofstuk I word aandag gegee aan die rol van die vrou in antropologiese perspektief. Hier word nagegaan hoe die vrou gesien is in pre-industriële gemeenskappe. Omdat Israel nie in 'n vakuum geleef het nie, maar 'n integrale deel van die ou Nabye Oosterse kultuurwêreld was, word daar in Hoofstuk 2 op 'n oorsigtelike wyse op die plek van die vrou in die kulture van Egipte en Assirië- Babilonië gekonsentreer. In Hoofstuk 3 verskuif die fokus na Israel en word nagegaan watter rol die vrou in die sosiale organisasie gehad het. Daar word ook kortliks gekyk na voorbeelde waar die rol van die vrou wyer gestrek het as die engere familie kring. Hierdie rol, wat getipeer sou kon word as 'n tipe "politieke funksie", was egter net vir 'n paar vroue beskore. Hoofstuk 4 handel oor die religieuse rol van die vrou in Israel. Hierdie hoofstuk vorm die ander fokuspunt van die studie. Daar word gekyk na die aandeel van die vrou in die offisiële religie, die populêre religie en die familie-religie. In Hoofstuk 5 word die belangrikste bevindinge van die ondersoek kortliks saamgevat.
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Reid, Vanessa. "Ladies in the House : gender, space and the parlours of Parliament in late-nineteenth-century Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ43985.pdf.
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Mathews, Paul Samuel. "Plasticity, life history and inclusive fitness : an evolutionary demography perspective on individual variation in fertility and fertility preferences in contemporary Britain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/438/.
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This thesis consists of three papers that explore variation in individual fertility and fertility preference. The setting for all three papers is the contemporary UK, though the conclusions have utility for a general understanding of human fertility. All three papers are motivated by theories arising from evolutionary biology, principally inclusive fitness theory and life history theory. The first two papers investigate actualised fertility and whether patterns of fertility in contemporary Britain are consistent with inclusive fitness theory. Both papers conduct secondary data analysis of the British Household Panel Study. Inclusive fitness theory predicts that because relatives share genes an individual may obtain fitness benefits by increasing the reproduction of a relative. Results support this hypothesis showing that for contemporary British women kin having more opportunities to influence reproductive decision-making is associated with pro-fitness fertility outcomes. In the first paper I find kin accelerate the transition to first birth, and the second paper shows kin also accelerate the transition to second birth. The final paper tests a different hypothesis derived from evolutionary theory. Life history theory predicts that reproductive strategy should have ‘plasticity’ and be liable to alter as perceived environmental risk changes. This paper uses primary data collected from University students using an internet experiment and finds that priming respondents using preceding questions on mortality does alter reported fertility preferences, though the effects depend upon the priming, fertility preference measure and the sex of the respondent. The paper also has methodological relevance as it demonstrates the potential for ‘context effects’ from preceding questions to influence the reporting of fertility preferences. All three papers present evidence that the incorporation of theories from evolutionary biology have utility in the understanding of contemporary fertility patterns and processes.
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Heilmann, Sarah. "Life-chances of children in Indonesia : the links between parental resources and children's outcomes in the areas of nutrition, cognition and health." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/954/.
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The majority of children in the developing world are suffering from hardship and poverty, and are not able to reach their full potential. This thesis focuses on the relationship between parental resources and children’s outcomes in the areas of nutrition, cognition and physical health in Indonesia. The life-stages early childhood to young adulthood are crucial for human capital formation. Nutrition, cognition and physical health are key human capitals that are important both as a means to achieve wellbeing and as an end in their own right. They have been identified as some of the main routes for changes in well-being over the life-course and as significant pathways for breaking intergenerational poverty cycles. Disadvantages in these domains are especially salient in developing countries. Yet, evidence is still limited due to lack of appropriate data. Here, data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) is used, a rich panel data set consisting of four waves of data spanning a period of 14 years. I study a cohort of children who are less than three years old in the first wave of the IFLS and for whom relevant outcomes can be observed. While the availability of longitudinal data from IFLS is very important, the setup and design of the data presented an enormous challenge: unlike with longitudinal datasets from developed countries, such as the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) or the cohort studies, the IFLS data is presented more or less in raw form. In order to facilitate a critical and careful approach to working with this kind of complicated raw data, I completed two self-organized research stays with the IFLS team in which I witnessed the data collection and interviewed IFLS team members. This helped me to understand the questionnaire and measures better and to identify the strongest parts of the IFLS: the self-collected measures for children – namely the physical health measures height and lung capacity (collected by specially trained nurses) as well as a cognitive measure – the Raven’s coloured progressive matrices. These are unique features for a general household survey in a developing country context and constitute important child outcomes. As a starting point from which to ask more specific research questions concerning the three types of children's outcomes, I synthesized research from relevant domains such as neuroscience, social science, childhood studies and economics. Chapter 1, 2 and 3 constitute the setup of the research by detailing the motivation and background for the research, the conceptual frameworks, literature reviews, data and methodology as well as the research questions. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 are the empirical chapters investigating the aforementioned child outcomes in detail. Chapter 4 entitled: “Children’s nutritional status in early life and dynamics into adolescence” investigates firstly, to what extent parental resources are associated with children experiencing stunting in early childhood and in adolescence. Results for parental resources for stunting in early childhood reveal protective factors which include mother’s height and direct measures of living standards. For stunting in adolescence the importance of parental resources as protective factors increases (mother’s height is stronger related and father’s height is now significant as is household consumption as a measure of financial resources). The association with direct living standards decreases. Secondly, I investigate if there are stunting dynamics – that is, movement in and out of stunting between early childhood and adolescence. For dynamics of stunting I use transition matrices to show that entries and exits from stunting occur over children’s entire life-course (not just in early childhood). Movements into stunted growth decrease the older children get but are still around 6% between middle childhood (7-10 years old) and adolescence (14-17 years old). Movements out of stunted growth occur over the whole life-course of children with the highest exit rates of around 19% between ages 7-10 years and 14-17 years. My results support Adair’s study for the Philippines (1999) and Schott and Crookston’s recent research for Peru (2013). In Chapter 5, I investigate children’s cognitive outcomes – i.e. Raven’s coloured progressive matrices and math scores. Firstly, I examine to what extent children’s growth status in early childhood and change in growth is associated with cognitive test results in adolescence. Secondly, to what extent parental resources are associated with children’s cognitive test results. One key result indicates a significant positive association between initial/early height-for-age (HAZ) and cognitive test scores. This could support the hypothesis on early sensitive periods for cognitive development and the important role of pre– and post natal influences up to the early childhood measure. However, I also find evidence that changes in growth into middle childhood (i.e. the residual HAZ between early and later childhood) is significant positive associated with children’s cognitive test scores. This supports the hypothesis of the plasticity of the brain beyond early years. Chapter 6 is about children’s physical health measure of lung capacity. I investigate to what extent children’s growth status in early life and growth dynamics into adolescence are associated with children’s lung capacity. Further, I examine to what extent parental resources are associated with children’s lung capacity. A key result is that in terms of parental resources there is a strong positive association between father’s and mother’s lung capacity and their children in adolescence. Also maternal years of schooling is significantly associated. I do not find a significant positive association between initial/early height-for-age (HAZ) and lung capacity. This would work against the hypothesis on early sensitive periods and rather point to the importance of changes in growth after early childhood for children’s lung capacity development. The change in growth into middle childhood (residual HAZ) is significant positively associated with children’s lung capacity. These result differ from what I find for cognitive outcomes where early growth status and changes in growth are both relevant. Chapter 7 discusses recommendations for future research; for example, how new data collection efforts in Indonesia could contribute to closing evidence gaps on children’s life chances identified in this thesis by collecting birth cohort data or extending the IFLS. I also address implications for policy covering recommendations for more holistic childhood interventions, the kind of support provided and targeting of vulnerable children. Evidence on children’s life chances from Indonesia is very limited. I set out to make a contribution in providing evidence on child outcomes that are uniquely featured in the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). My key concern is to study the intergenerational determinants of child outcomes – that is, asking to what extent parental resources are linked to the level of children’s nutrition, cognition, and health but also the intra-generational link – that is to what extent nutritional status is linked to later growth dynamics and other child outcomes such as cognitive and health outcomes. To the best of my knowledge, there are very few previous studies for Indonesia that investigate these important child outcomes, especially with the focus on the intergenerational and life-course determinants.
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Björkman, Elin. "Utländska biblioteket i Karlskrona 1835–1864 : om högreståndskvinnors organisation och läsning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225271.
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This master's thesis studies Utländska biblioteket, a 19th century foreign literature subscription library in Karlskrona, Sweden. The aim of the thesis is to investigate Utländska biblioteket between 1835–1864. The material consists primarily of primary sources from the archive of Utländska biblioteket. The main primary sources are the library's accounts book, its minutes, and two book catalogs. Using analytical tools from Jürgen Habermas, feminist criticism of his ideas and from Pierre Bourdieu, as well as results from previous research on older library forms and female organization in the 19th century, the thesis answers questions relating to the library as a society, its members and its book collection. The investigation shows that Utländska biblioteket was a subscription library as well as a book circle. Based on its regulations, it should be viewed as a sort of public sphere, but in reality Utländska biblioteket was an exclusive group, consisting of a socially homogenous group of people who in large extent knew each other. Its members were in large part female and aristocratic. The reading of foreign literature and the focus on quality, can be viewed as an act of distinction. Utländska biblioteket was, compared to other similar libraries, unusual primarily because of its large female membership. This is in the thesis explained through the viewing of the library as a female organization, where the male members in part play a role as acting agents in the library's contact with for example book dealers. Also, the book collection shows proof of a certain female subject interest. Based on these facts, Utländska biblioteket can be viewed as a female counter public, where women created a space for themselves where they, through the literature and through the membership in a society, could reflect on their identities, as well as make claims on what a woman was and could do. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.
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Pfeffer, Miki. "An Enlarging Influence: Women of New Orleans, Julia Ward Howe, and the Woman's Department at the Cotton Centennial Exposition, 1884-1885." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1339.
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This study investigates the first Woman's Department at a World's Fair in the Deep South. It documents conflicts and reconciliations and the reassessments that post-bellum women made during the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition in New Orleans, the region's foremost but atypical city. It traces local women's resistance to the appointment of northern abolitionist and suffragist, Julia Ward Howe, for this “New South†event of 1884-1885. It also notes their increasing receptivity to national causes that Susan B. Anthony, Frances E. Willard, and others brought to the South, sometimes for the first time. This dissertation assesses the historical forces that goaded New Orleans women, from the comfort of their familiar city, to consider radical notions that would later strengthen them in civic roles. It asserts that, although these women were skilled and capable, they had previously lacked cohesive force and public strategies. It concludes that as local women competed and interacted with women from across the country, including those from pioneering western territories, they began to embrace progressive ideas and actions that, without the Woman's Department at the Exposition, might have taken years to drift southward. This is a chronological tale of the journey late-nineteenth-century women made together in New Orleans. It attempts to capture their look, sound, and language from their own writings and from journalists' interpretations of their ideals, values, and emotions. In the potent forum for exchange that the Woman's Department provided, participants and visitors questioned and revised false notions and stereotypes. They influenced each other and formed alliances. Although individuals spoke mainly for themselves, common themes emerged regarding education, jobs, benevolence, and even suffrage. Most women were aware that they were in a defining moment, and this study chronicles how New Orleans women seized the opportunity and created a legacy for themselves and their city. As the Exposition sought to (re)assert agrarian and industrial prowess after turbulent times, a shift occurred in the trajectory of women's public and political lives in New Orleans and, perhaps, the South more broadly. By 1885, southerners were ready to insinuate their voices into the national debate on women's issues.
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Chalus, Elaine Helen. "Women in English political life, 1754-1790." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390269.
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Yabaki, Tamarisi, and n/a. "WOMEN�S LIFE IN A FIJIAN VILLAGE." University of Canberra. School of Education and Community Studies, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070525.122849.
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The impact of the market economy is a significant challenge facing Fijian rural
communities. It is especially challenging for indigenous rural women who are managing
the shift from a subsistence way of living to engagement in money generating activities.
The challenge is more acute amongst disadvantaged populations such as women in rural
communities who lack the resources and the political power to manage these challenges.
The thesis provides a critical ethnographic, action-research study of the daily socioeconomic
experiences of a group of Fijian village women, at this time of significant
change. It provides and in-depth case study of a rural Fijian village located in the upper
reaches of the Sigatoka Valley. The case study focuses on the women�s perspectives
about their daily lived experiences and actions that followed from reflection on these,
drawing out from these implications for indigenous Fijian women�s social progress and
development. Herself, a member of the community, the researcher gathered data by a
combination of participant observation, survey, diaries, focus groups and interviews. The
researcher�s observations and understandings were fed back to the participants in the
form of a workshop with the intention of confirmation and to provide and opportunity for
action based on this reflection. It is argued that the success of managing the influence of
the market economy on the villagers is to create social and political spaces and
opportunities to hear and understand local epistemologies and daily lived experiences,
reflexively.
As an indigenous scholar, the researcher interrogates and deconstructs her own academic
epistemologies and positions as a knowledge broker in order to co-construct new
practices with her people. The research promises to make public Fijian village women�s
knowledge, values, practices and experiences so that they can be understood by local
scholars and local government development officers. Privileging the village women�s
knowledge and bringing it to the core is a significant political act that might form the
basis of proceeding political encounters that women will face in the development process.
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Donovan, Mary Magdalene. "Maneuvering Life| Women of Color on the Louisiana Frontier." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163325.
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During the colonial and early antebellum periods, women of color on the Louisiana frontier received significant amounts of money and property from white male benefactors for themselves and their mixed-race children. Although state laws placed restrictions on inheritances and donations to concubines and illegitimate children, the majority of such transactions in southwest Louisiana went unchallenged or remained intact after white heirs challenged their legality. This study examines how free women of color or manumitted female slaves and their mixed-race children in southwest Louisiana acquired and maintained control of such property between 1740 and 1840, in spite of the laws that barred them from doing so. Few scholarly works have focused their attention exclusively to the lives of women of color on the Louisiana frontier during the colonial and early American era and those that have typically adhere to a very strict regional or urban focus, leaving out significant swaths of the state. This study scrutinizes the lives of women of color living on the Louisiana frontier between the years of 1740 and 1840, who formed long-term relationships with white men and received property as a result of these relationships.
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Williams, Gaynor Diane. "Women in public life in Liverpool between the wars." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369535.
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Cruikshank, Julie. "Life lived like a story : cultural constructions of life history by Tagish and Tutchone women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41444.
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This thesis is based on collaborative research conducted
over ten years with three elders of Athapaskan/Tlingit ancestry,
in the southern Yukon Territory, Canada Mrs. Angela Sidney, Mrs.
Kitty Smith and Mrs. Annie Ned are also authors of this document
because their oral accounts of their lives are central to the
discussion. One volume examines issues of method and ethnographic
writing involved in such research and analyses the accounts
provided by these women; a second volume presents their accounts,
in their own words, in three appendices.
The thesis advanced here is that life history offers two
distinct contributions to anthropology. As a method, it
provides a model based on collaboration between participants
rather than research 'by' an anthropologist 'on' the community.
As ethnography, it shows how individuals may use the
traditional dimension of culture as a resource to talk about
their lives, and explores the extent to which it is possible f or
anthropologists to write ethnography grounded in the perceptions
and experiences of people whose lives they describe. Narrators
provide complex explanations for their experiences and decisions
in metaphoric language, raising questions about whether
anthropological categories like 'individual', 'society' and
'culture' are uniquely bounded units. The analysis focusses on how these women attach central
importance to traditional stories (particularly those with female
protagonists), to named landscape features, to accounts of
travel, and to inclusion of incidents from the lives of others in
their narrated 'life histories'. Procedures associated with both
life history analysis and the analysis of oral tradition are used
to consider the dynamics of narration. Particular attention is
paid to how these women use oral tradition both to talk about the
past and to continue to teach younger people appropriate behavior
in the present. The persistence of oral tradition as a system of
communication and information in the north when so much else has
changed suggests that expressive forms like story telling
contribute to strategies for adapting to social, economic and
cultural change.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Lane, Margaret. "Women and domestic life in Hull, 1920s to the 1960s." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5374.
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Lam, Martha Pik Har. "Senior women academics in Hong Kong : a life history approach." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/1498.
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This study generates a substantive theory of how factors in the life histories of a cohort of eleven senior female academics in Hong Kong contributed to their success in academe. The primary source of data is a series of face-to-face interviews with the respondents. The critical relationships, educational experiences, and life events that contributed to the career development of these women are identified, and these data are supplemented by information about the respondents collected from university websites and the media. Using the constant comparative method, categories are gradually developed to constitute the basis of the proposed substantive theory. The major outcome of the study is a grounded theory of how the respondents made sense of their attributes and used their dominant attributes to achieve success in their academic careers. A fundamental concept of this ‘theory of selective attribution in career trajectory’ is the existence of reciprocal relationships among: (i) individual attributes (personal, social and academic); (ii) socialisation processes; and (iii) career trajectories. At various stages of the respondents’ career trajectories, the interplay between their dominant attributes and their socialisation experiences affected their construction (and subsequent redefinition) of their personal orientations—thus producing variations among individuals in their career orientations, strategies and pathways. The study finds that the senior female academics in this cohort shared many desirable ‘success attributes’, which were largely formed and nurtured through various socialisation experiences, particularly in the early stages of their lives. In addition to these common features, certain distinguishing factors among individuals within the cohort are identified – forming divergent patterns of dominant attributes in terms of personal identities, values, career orientations, and career strategies. These divergent patterns are utilised to present a threefold typology of senior female academics: (i) ‘career academics’; (ii) ‘career educators’ and (iii) ‘career opportunists’. In accordance with the dominant attributes they exhibited, women of a given type are found to hold similar personal identities, values and career orientations, and to have employed similar career strategies. The substantive theory of ‘selective attribution in career trajectory’ provides a new perspective on how female academics make sense of their attributes, and how they use them to achieve success in their academic lives. The theory thus contributes to the literature on the career development of female academics, especially with respect to how such women perceive, respond to, manage and balance the multiple demands placed upon them in their academic and family lives. Although the theory is generalisable only to female academics in situations similar to the present cohort, it has implications for the development of theory, practice and future research.
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Carter, Daryl Anthony. "The Life and Public Career of Robert F. Kennedy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2211.
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There have been many notable politicians in the United States during the twentieth century. Some, like Teddy Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan, were known for their swagger and appeal to the common man. Others, like Bill Clinton and Franklin Roosevelt, were known for their charisma and intelligence. However, one in particular was known for caring, compassion, strength, and determination. Robert Francis Kennedy lived in interesting times, surrounded by large egos and near mythical figures. But Kennedy was arguably one of the most important figures of the last fifty years. The ideas and ideals that he espoused still resonate nearly forty years after his tragic demise. What made Robert Kennedy so unique was the circumstances of the last four and half years of his life (November 1963-June 1968). The RFK we remember today was not exactly what he really was during life. In addition, he went through a transformation unparalleled by many of his generation. This thesis tracks the life of this very important figure and shows how the assassination of his brother, John F. Kennedy, forever changed him into a titanic figure in American history.
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Gallagher, Marjory D. "The common life: An element of apostolic institutions of women." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9874.
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In this work, the author explores the origins, development, understanding and praxis of the common life in apostolic religious institutes of women, and the evolution of related legislation. The dissertation attempts to bring together an understanding of the evolution of the common life, its place and meaning for apostolic religious institutes of women, the legislation regarding the common life, and the cultural and societal influences on the legislation and the life of the institutes. The first chapter presents an historical overview of the legislation regarding the common life, from the early days of the Church until and including the 1917 Code of Canon Law. The teachings of the Second Vatican Council constitute the heart of chapter two which analyzes the current legislation relevant to the common life, as well as its formulation, especially as it pertains to apostolic institutes of women. Particular attention is paid to Perfectae caritatis, section 15 (common life) and no. 8 (nature of apostolic institutes), and to selected canons addressing both these issues. Chapter three analyzes and interprets the response of North American apostolic women religious to the conciliar invitation to return to the sources. It traces the most salient efforts at both adaptation and renewal in the areas of the apostolate and the common life. It also points out certain trends which have affected both the understanding and the praxis of the common life. The fourth and last chapter analyzes and interprets implications for the future, in relation to balancing the requirement of the common life, the apostolic thrust of the institute, and the situations regarding membership which are affecting many institutes at present, and no doubt will continue to do so in the future. It recognizes the impact of societal and cultural attitudes, past and present, on both religious life and on ecclesiastical legislation. This chapter focuses on an interpretation of the common life more appropriate to the times and to the nature of apostolic institutes. Finally, some tentative revisions of certain canons are suggested.
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Mo, Ting Juan. "Life under shadow: Chinese immigrant women in nineteenth- century America." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56197.
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Racism and sexism pervaded American society during the nineteenth century, creating unusual disadvantaged conditions for Chinese immigrant women. As a weak minority in an alien and often hostile environment and as a subordinate sex in a sexist society, Chinese women suffered from double oppression of racism and sexism. In addition, the Chinese cultural values of women's passivity and submission existed within Chinese communities in America, and affected the lives of these immigrant women. This work uses government document, historical statistics, accounts from newspapers and literature to examine the life experiences of Chinese immigrant women and American attitudes towards them, and to analyze the roots of the oppression of racism and sexism.Master of Arts
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Rakhit, Anuradha. "The career experiences of Asian women teachers : a life-history approach." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36350/.
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This thesis explores the career perceptions and experiences of 20 experienced Asian women teachers who had commenced their careers in the last 25 years. By focusing on the accounts / stories of those Asian women teachers, I have attempted to answer the question: What is it like to be a black teacher in British schools? The stories were collected through a series of life-history interviews. Early research on the educational experience of black people in Britain focused more or less exclusively on schooling and 'black underachievement'. All tended to locate the problem and its solutions, within black children, their families and cultures, hence isolating 'race' issues from those of gender and social class. The research also have tended to continue to focus on pupils in schools and on those who are seen to have failed within the system. Instead, this study examines the experiences of Asian women teachers who had largely succeeded in their education. Despite the fact that my interviewees did not comprise a homogeneous group, there was uniformity regarding their perceptions of their career experiences and the way they related to their social environment. The Asian women teachers in this study encountered barriers at all stages in their careers and faced racism, albeit in different forms and guises. These teachers were perceived by white colleagues, parents and pupils as being the inferior 'Other'. In addition, apart from the overt, wounding type of racism, they were subjected to institutionalized racism, which denied them their dignity and made professional advancement very difficult. Many of these teachers often had to find alternative routes to promotion, in multicultural areas of teaching and not in mainstream section. They, sometimes, had to survive in hostile environments. But they all succeeded despite the system, rather than because of it. Success was often made at considerable personal cost, and with great determination and commitment. The study concludes that the experiences of these teachers were racially affected. A number of generalised patterns regarding their career developments and on the articulations of racism in their working lives emerge from these biographies and are discussed in this thesis. However, despite the existence of structural racism in society, the Asian teachers in this study found different ways of managing and responding to it.
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Livingston, Katherine G. "Adoptee Access to Original Birth Certificates and the Politics of Birthmotherhood in Ohio, 1963-2014." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461068976.
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Clarke, Patricia, and n/a. "Life Lines to Life Stories: Some Publications About Women in Nineteenth-Century Australia." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.150756.
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This thesis consists of an introduction and six of my books, published between 1985 and 1999, on aspects of the history of women in nineteenth-century Australia. The books are The Governesses: Letters from the Colonies 1862-1882 (1985); A Colonial Woman: The Life and Times of Mary Braidwood Mowle 1827-1857 (1986); Pen Portraits: Women Writers and Journalists in Nineteenth Century Australia (1988); Pioneer Writer: The Life of Louisa Atkinson, Novelist, Journalist, Naturalist (1990); Tasma: The Life of Jessie Couvreur (1994); and Rosa! Rosa! A Life of Rosa Praed, Novelist and Spiritualist (1999). At the time they were published each of these books either dealt with a new subject or presented a new approach to a subject. Collectively they represent a body of work that has expanded knowledge of women's lives and writing in nineteenth-century Australia. Although not consciously planned as a sequence at the outset, these books developed as a result of the influence on my thinking of the themes that emerged in Australian social and cultural historical writing during this period. The books also represent a development in my own work from the earlier more documentary-based books on letters and diaries to the interpretive challenge of biographical writing and the weaving of private lives with public achievements. These books make up a cohesive, cumulative body of work. Individually and as a whole, they make an original contribution to knowledge of the lives and achievements of women in nineteenth-century Australia. They received critical praise at the time of publication and have led to renewed interest and further research on the subjects they cover. My own knowledge and expertise has developed as a result of researching and writing them. The Governesses was not only the first full-length study of a particular group of letters but it also documented aspects of the lives of governesses in Australia, a little researched subject to that time. A Colonial Woman, based on a previously unpublished and virtually unknown diary, pointed to the importance of 'ordinary' lives in presenting an enriched view of the past. Pen Portraits documented the early history of women journalists in Australia, a previously neglected subject. Three of the women I included in Pen Portraits, Louisa Atkinson, Tasma and Rosa Praed, the first two of whom were pioneer women journalists as well as novelists, became the subjects of my full-length biographies. In my biographies of women writers, Pioneer Writer, Tasma, and Rosa! Rosa!, I recorded and interpreted the lives of these important writers placing them in the context of Australian cultural history as women who negotiated gender barriers and recorded this world in their fiction. My books on Louisa Atkinson and Tasma were the first full-length biographies of these significant but largely forgotten nineteenth-century women writers, while my biography of Rosa Praed was the first for more than fifty years. Each introduced original research that changed perceptions of the women's lives and consequently of attitudes to their creative work. Each provided information essential for further research on their historical significance and literary achievements. Each involved extensive research that led to informed interpretation allowing insightful surmises essential to quality biography.
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dos, Anjos Afonso Manoela. "Language and place in the life of Brazilian women in London : writing life narratives through art practice." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2016. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/12000/.
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Studies on Brazilians living in Britain show that, along with loneliness, unemployment and cost of living, the lack of proficiency in English is a key problem. However, there is little qualitative information about how the host language affects their daily lives. This interdisciplinary practice-based research asks how an art practice activated by experiences of displacement and dislocation in language can become a place of enunciation for decolonial selves. To this end, this research includes not only individual practices, but also collective activities carried out with a group of Brazilian women living in London, as a research focus. The endeavour to deal with English language has engendered writing processes in my visual work, which became a place for experimenting bilingual and fragmentary voices against the initial muteness in which I found myself on arrival in London. Using photography, printmaking, drawing, postcards, and artist’s books I have explored life-writing genres of diary, language memoir, and correspondence to raise an immigrant consciousness, explore accented voices and create practices for writing life individually and collectively. Assembling words and turning their meanings became strategies for expanding limited vocabularies. Once an impassable obstacle, the host language was transformed into a territory for exploring ways to know stories about language and write life narratives through art practice. This research is informed by humanist and feminist geographical approaches to space and place, postcolonial life writing, border thinking and a context of practice ranging from transnational art, accented cinema, visual poetry, conceptual art, and socially engaged art. It provides insights about English language in the lives of Brazilian women in London and offers a view on a practice in visual arts as place of enunciation for decolonial selves.
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Berridge, Alice Margaret, and n/a. "Re-picturing my life / Tissue." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070510.151236.
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Autobiography is a slippery genre, if, indeed, it is a genre. To deal with its slipperiness I use action research and qualitative inquiry to create a bricolage, an artist?s book, Tissue. Within the patchwork, stitched-together form of Tissue, digitised text and images (autobiographical stories, poetry, photographs, drawings and paintings) sit in varying relationships to each other. Also, I use poetic language and images to display aspects of the discourse of memory in digitally manipulated text/images where language and image are not illustrative of each other but are interconnected and equal, synergetic, creating new meanings. To simultaneously enhance the handleability of the pages and distance their electronic nature, I use a number of different papers and fabrics as the skins of the images.
Using the ideas of Roland Barthes (principally) and others as reference points, in this exegesis Re-picturing my life, I address the ways in which the present is informed by the past; self, identity and the body; the function of memory, and its mediation and articulation in the narration of autobiography; the significance of autobiographical objects and landscapes, and the nature of an autobiographical author.
I also explore the effects on myself, as a migrant, of the fragility of identity in the face of major social disruptions such as mutiple migrations, and consider whether the narration of personal experience through autobiography aids in the construction of a new identity that is more grounded in the new surroundings.
In this exegesis I argue that, in this process of revisiting the past and reconstructing narrative, text and image in my artist?s book, I have both re-written and re-pictured my life. Yet, while this process of regaining and articulating my lost family information seems to have initiated some bodily changes, and, more importantly, appears to have strengthened and stabilised my sense of self, it has not alleviated my feelings of exile. Indeed, my feelings of exile and the absence of any single identifiable homeland have strengthened.
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Tompkins, Amanda C. ""Life under Union Occupation: Elite Women in Richmond, April and May 1865"." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4099.
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This paper crafts a narrative about how elite, white Richmond women experienced the fall and rebuilding of their city in April and May 1865. At first, the women feared the entrance of the occupying army because they believed the troops would treat them as enemies. However, the goal of the white occupiers was to restore order in the city. Even though they were initially saddened by the occupation, many women were surprised at the courtesy and respected afforded them by the Union troops. Black soldiers also made up the occupying army, and women struggled to submit to black authority. With occupation came the emancipation of slaves, and this paper also examines how women adjusted to new relationships with freed blacks. By the end of May, white women and white Union soldiers bonded over their attempt to control the black population, with some women and soldiers even beginning to socialize.
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Shum, Ching-man Olivia, and 岑靜雯. "The life of imperial maids in the Tang Dynasty (618-907)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225123.
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Marsden, James. "Ancient history in British universities and public life, 1715-1810." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27429822-4a59-4608-ad69-4e6b1c9c4570.
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Over the eighteenth century, ancient history was increasingly read in English, appearing in new forms and interpretations. This reflected the development of history in universities as a subject not merely read, but taught. This teaching took on many forms: serving as a predecessor to other studies, building a knowledge base of case studies for 'higher' subjects, or (increasingly) an independent subject. What ancient history was taught, how was it taught, why was it taught, and what did students go on to use it for? Ancient history as an independent subject had a limited role in the curriculum despite the foundation of Chairs of History in most universities. When it was taught as such, the focus was on explaining modern institutions via ancient comparisons; on the training of statesmen by classical examples; or, more rarely, on demonstrating a particular conception of social development. These uses of history could be seen across both national and subject boundaries. Whilst differences between universities are evident, evidence in the teaching of history suggests the absolute dichotomy between the English and Scottish systems has been overstated. The interesting case of Trinity College Dublin suggests common features across Britain in how 'liberal education' was conceived of and how history fit into it. The practical application of ancient history to the education of statesmen may be seen in the variety of ways it was used in political discourse. This is explored mainly in Parliament, the ultimate destination of the "statesmen" in whose training history was supposed to play a large part, via debates over questions of empire and imperial rights in the second half of the eighteenth century. Superior knowledge of ancient history constituted a rhetorical claim to the twin statuses of gentleman, being classically-educated, and statesman - showing understanding of historical context and precedent.
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Mercado, Thornton Rebecca. "Constituting Women's Experiences in Appalachian Ohio: A Life History Project." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339616463.
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Volkov, Vadim. "The forms of public life : the public sphere and the concept of society in Imperial Russia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273035.
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Hanson, Jessi, Alexis Decosimo, and Megan Quinn. "Diminished Quality of Life among Women affected by Ebola." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6867.
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This article analyzes data collected from Liberian women afflicted by the Ebola virus disease, survivors of the virus and noninfected persons living in Ebola-affected homes. This research is one of the first statistical analyses examining factors diminishing quality of life: negative experiences, stigma, and psychosocial symptoms among females affected by the virus after the outbreak. The research presents a thorough literature review, including research related to other infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, to inform the gap in studies on Ebola’s effects on quality of life. Women who are Ebola virus disease survivors demonstrate significant differences in stigma and psychosocial stress when compared to their female peers. This article attempts to broaden understanding of the conditions and mental health of women affected by Ebola.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Life Stories of Women Artists 1550-1800." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5654.
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Rab, Maryam. "The life stories of successful women academics in Pakistani public sector universities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019928/.
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This thesis presents a small-scale qualitative research study of women's careers in some of the universities of Pakistan. The area is explored through the in-depth life story interviews of fifteen women professors, in senior positions, in public sector universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The rationale for conducting this research is both personal and professional. My work in public sector higher education for more than a decade has developed the need to explore and research the area of higher education from a feminist perspective. The objective of the study is to understand the lives of these women through their own narratives. I wanted them to share their individual experiences, opinions about their childhood, family, education, work, progress, opportunities and challenges so that I could develop some positive role models for young women aspiring to pursue a career in higher education. The factors identified both negatively and positively influenced their professional journeys within a theoretical framework of patriarchy. Semi-structured interviews were used, which suited the objectives, as it was expected that more information would be gathered through flowing conversations. The data collected through this process was thematised, interpreted and analysed in the context of the selected theories of family, social position, women and higher education, childcare, and work outside homes within the broader framework of patriarchy. These emerging themes are embedded in the patriarchal values and norms of Pakistani society. An attempt to develop a local feminist lens was made so that a linkage can be formed between women working in Pakistani higher education institutions and elsewhere in the world. It is anticipated that this research will be a foundation for future research in the area of successful women in leadership positions in Pakistani higher education institutions, and will fill some of the gaps in existing knowledge in the region. I also expect that this research will contribute to existing knowledge about the issue on a global scale.
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Henry, Kristin. "Dancing across borders women who become lesbians in mid-life /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/public/adt-VVUT20041018.095939/.
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Massino, Jill M. "Engendering socialism a history of women and everyday life in socialist Romania /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3283960.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: A, page: 4435. Adviser: Maria Bucur. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 20, 2008).
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Yost, Kathleen. "Quality of life in women with a recent history of breast cancer /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2001. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2002.Degree granted in Epidemiology. Dissertation completed in 2001; degree granted in 2002. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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McClanahan, Alyssa S. "Women and Life on Earth: Peace, Ecology and a Transnational Women’s Movement, 1975-2006." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459242745.
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Chan, Sai-chun, and 陳世珍. "Woman's life in the Song-Ming Period with special reference to Sanyan stories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951028.
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Coe, Jason George. "Left behind by history: complicating narrative, modernity in the mundane, and reading history through womenin "feeling of life films"." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48539533.
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This dissertation scrutinizes a corpus of films considered to be the stylistic and thematic descendants of Yasujiro Ozu, which I call “feeling of life films.” Focusing upon common themes such as female narrative and the portrayals of the quotidian, this dissertation identifies various methods used in specific films of Ozu, Hou Hsiao Hsien, and Tran Anh Hung that complicate narrative meaning and engage in the discourse of national modernity and history. The female protagonists of these films can be considered “left behind” by the narrative progression of history, serving an allegorical function that critiques standard notions of time and official history. The basis for understanding this phenomenon will be scholarly discourse primarily concerning Ozu’s “Noriko Trilogy,” which marks the transitional period of post-war Japan through the narrative of a woman’s path to marriage. This dissertation seeks to complicate the discourse of reading women in these films by introducing different methodologies of formalist analysis, cultural analysis, theoretic discourse, historiography, and phenomenology. In doing so, this dissertation demonstrates the cinematic importance of these films through their unique formal characteristics and their cultural and historical meanings.published_or_final_version
Literary and Cultural Studies
Master
Master of Arts
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Boros, Paula. "An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of Women Veterans Transitioning Back into Civilian Life." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/43.
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Officially, women have been serving in the United States military since 1948 when President Truman signed the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act. Women currently make up approximately 8% of active duty military. Based on progress due to equality and equity, women are now occupying positions previously designated for men. Although women have made great strides in the military, there is limited research on women in the military or how their military service affects them. There is even less literature on women who have transitioned out of the military. For this reason, I conducted an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) with a focus on feminist theory to gather information about the lived experiences of women who have transitioned out of the military. Through the analysis portion, seven super-ordinate themes were established. Saturation requirements were met with four participants. This study will enhance the marriage and family therapy profession by providing better understanding on how to relate to this population while filling the gaps within the literature about women veterans and transition. Through this study, women veterans had a place in which their voices were heard.
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Ngoshi, Hazel Tafadzwa. "Public Events, Private Inspirations: How Zimbabwean History Has Constructed Life Narratives." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79292.
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This study identifies and critiques the historical, political and discursive moments and contexts that have shaped autobiographical writing in Zimbabwe. It does this by locating the autobiographies of Frank Johnson, Hans Sauer, Hylda Richards, Lawrence Vambe, Abel Muzorewa, Maurice Nyagumbo, Peter Godwin, Ian Smith, Joshua Nkomo, Fay Chung, Judith Todd and Edgar Tekere in their historical, political and discursive contexts, while also demarcating the narrating subjects in these contexts. The study seeks to examine the kind of autobiographical subjectivities that emerge in these contexts and its point of departure is that autobiographical remembering and story-telling are historically situated. It further problematises these subjectivities by showing how they are constituted by memory, experience, identity, agency and embodiment as they are inflected by history and power relationships. Literary criticism of Zimbabwean writing has not accounted for how self narration and conceptions of the self emerge out of historical, political, cultural and national processes at any given time. It has also not shown how these processes have occasioned the production of autobiographical narratives and the nature of subjectivities that these processes construct. Through the endeavours of this study autobiographical subjects are demarcated and understood in diverse contexts.
The study approached the analyses of the selected life narratives from postcolonial, dialogic and intertextual perspectives. Postcolonial theory as a critical method problematises human experiences and cultural and class identities as they relate to the power dynamics of colonialism and its aftermaths. In deploying postcolonial theory the analyses in Chapters Two, Three, Four and Five establish that subjects of postcolonial autobiography in Zimbabwe develop complex subjectivities that emerge from the contradictions of history and postcolony. While some autobiographers belong to a similar historical epoch, their subjectivities are not necessarily the same but diverse and complex. The study reveals that these contradictions are constitutive of the hybrid autobiographical subjectivities of the narrators, which range from pioneer, domestic settler, nationalist, radical nationalist to nation-builder, freedom-fighter, rights activist and dissenting subjectivities. Bakhtin‟s notion of dialogism provides insight into the nature of autobiographical discourse in these narratives from a stylistic perspective and reveals the dialogic practices that narrating subjects engage in to mediate their subjectivities. The application of dialogism shows that the narrating I‟s subjectivity is formed and manifests at the point where the “I” is in dialogue with another‟s word. Self conception is thus located where the public and private selves converge in narrative. The analyses of these narratives also make use of intertextuality, which establishes the relationality between studied texts and other narratives. The study reaches the conclusion that the historicity of autobiographical story telling should be a guiding framework for understanding autobiographical subjectivities and for a theory of autobiography in Zimbabwe. The study also facilitates a reconsideration of Zimbabwe‟s violent past since it positions autobiographical narratives as sites for rethinking the politics and practices of life writing.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Humanities
PhD
Unrestricted
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Taft, Kimberly E. "Absent Voices: Searching for Women and African Americans at Historic Stagville and Somerset Place Historic Sites." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03272010-120644/.
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This thesis examines the interpretation at Somerset Place and Historic Stagville, two North Carolina Historic Sites. While the interpretation of slavery at plantation museums has received increased attention, much remains to be explored regarding the interpretation of women. In addition to examining the interpretation, this thesis explores the history of both Somerset Place and Stagville as active plantations and later historic sites. This thesis proposes that interpretations of race and gender are interconnected but not always concurrent at plantation museums. While the first chapter explores the history of Somerset Place, the second examines Stagville. The final chapter focuses on the current interpretation found at both sites.
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Moore, Jaimee. "Women in Public Relations: Our Past, Present, and Future." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2560/.
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Since abolition, women have used the media to bring attention to causes and injustices in society. Issues faced by these women are some of the same issues faced by women in public relations today and possibly the future. This paper is the history of the women of pre-professional public relations in relation to their use of the media to bring about change and communicate with an audience. It also discusses the evolution of the public relations profession as it pertains to the parallel issues that the women of the first wave faced in relation to the second wave, or professional era. The paper will then synthesize these two eras in public relations and discuss the future of women in the profession as seen by researchers and women practicing at this time.
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Ojinmah, Simbo, and n/a. "The Maori women of Otago District, 1874-1936 : an exploratory essay." University of Otago. Department of History, 1989. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070601.115759.
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This thesis examines the situation of Maori women in Otago District between 1874 and 1936. Their situation is indeed unique in that there was a higher level of intermarriage during this period than in the North Island.
The focus is on population decline and its recovery, health, alienation of the land, poverty, education and what effect all these had on the women. It has been extremely difficult to expand further because of limited sources of information, mainly the Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives and pieces of information scattered in official reports. Oral history interviews have been combined with appropriate photographs to illustrate the issues raised.
The conclusion rested on the fact that a lot of these women were little different from North Island Maori women at this period, despite the high level of intermarriage. This is because they lost most of their land and became economically marginalised like the North Island Maoris.
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Poorbagher, Hadi, and n/a. "Life-history ecology of two New Zealand echinoderms with planktotrophic larvae." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081029.160011.
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The importance of parental nutritional status on planktotrophic larvae was investigated in both laboratory-conditioned and field (populations) parents of two New Zealand echinoderms: the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni and the starfish Sclerasterias mollis.
Three questions were addressed: (i) Does parental nutritional status affect the reproductive features (gonad index, gametogenesis, fecundity and biochemical composition) both in the laboratory and under natural conditions? (ii) Does parental nutritional status affect egg characteristics (diameter, number, dry weight, fertilization rate and biochemical composition)? (iii) Are the characteristics of larvae (growth, development, morphology, mortality rate and body composition) influenced by parental or larval nutrition (or both)?
To answer the first question, adult P. huttoni and S. mollis were maintained in the laboratory with a low or high diet (in terms of quantity and quality for P. huttoni, and in terms of quantity for S. mollis) for one year. The effect of low and high diets on reproductive features was studied and the same parameters were studied in two parental populations with dissimilar food availability (for P. huttoni: Otago Shelf and Doubtful Sound populations; for S. mollis: Otago inshore and offshore populations). To address the second question, egg characteristics of the laboratory-held and field parents were measured. The third question was answered by rearing larvae of the laboratory and field parents with both low and high concentration planktonic diets.
P. huttoni reared in the laboratory with a higher food ration had greater gonad indices and lipid concentration and larger oocyte area. Sea urchins from the Doubtful Sound population had higher food availability, greater gonad lipid concentration and larger oocytes.
Parental nutrition had some effect on the characteristics of the egg in P. huttoni. The laboratory-held urchins fed a high diet produced larger eggs: P. huttoni from Doubtful Sound produced larger eggs with a greater carbohydrate concentration.
P. huttoni larvae from low-fed laboratory and Otago Shelf parents had faster development The effect of larval nutrition was more important than parental food availability on larval growth and development. Feeding parents in the laboratory had no effect on larval morphology but larvae from Doubtful Sound, which had better food availability, had longer arms relative to body width. A higher cell concentration in the planktonic diet led to shorter larval arm relative to body width.
In S. mollis reared in the laboratory, a higher food ration led to larger gonad and pyloric caeca indices. The starfish from an Otago inshore population mainly had a higher gonad index than those from an Otago offshore population.
In the laboratory-held parents S. mollis, nutrition had no effect on the egg characteristics. In the field, starfish with higher food availability produced smaller eggs with lower carbohydrate concentration.
There was no significant difference between development rates of S. mollis larvae from low and high fed laboratory parents. However, those from the Otago inshore parents, with better food availability, had faster development than the larvae from Otago offshore parents.
In S. mollis larvae, the origin of the parents (either from the laboratory or the field) had no effect on larval shape. A higher concentration planktonic diet led to longer larvae relative to body width in larvae from high-fed laboratory parents.
In both P. huttoni and S. mollis, parental and larval diet had no effect on rate of instantaneous larval mortality.
In both P. huttoni and S. mollis larvae, biochemical composition of the larvae and the egg were different to each other. Egg reserves appear not to be a factor which affects larval characteristics in these species.
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Alexandra, Diwouta T. Christele. "The place of women in the political sphere: a comparative study of Cameroon and South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis compared the status of women's political participation in Cameroon and South Africa through an assessment conducted against the backdrop key of international, regional and national human rights standards. The aim of this thesis was not only, to be conscious of women's absence in politics, but to also take steps to redefine sound strategies to implement gender equality in terms of the political participation of women on the part of governments.
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Cheng, Huei-Chun. "A life history study of Taiwanese female teachers' identities from a poststructural feminist perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610081.
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Warnick, Jill Thorley. "Women Homesteaders in Utah, 1869-1934." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1985. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,31054.
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Reardon, Matthew James. "The bonds of manhood: public life, homosociality, and hegemonic masculinity in Massachusetts, 1630-1787." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2969.
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Inspired by feminist historians who called upon scholars to examine gender as a socially constructed phenomenon, this project's overarching goal is to historicize manhood by providing a survey of men's experiences as men from the late sixteenth- to the late-eighteenth-century. Specifically, it explores, how, why, and in what ways hegemonic norms of manhood changed in Massachusetts from its founding to the ratification of the United States Constitution. It also investigates the formation of and relationships between hegemonic and subordinate masculinities in the early modern British Atlantic. Both the transmission and reception of manhood in early Massachusetts are explored. That is, I have consulted the books, novels, plays, newspapers, and laws, that formulated, established, and enforced hegemonic norms, and men's letters, diaries, letterbooks, and commentary which evince their assimilation. I have tried to explain what masculine ideals obtained over time, and what men did to reach those standards. Not all my conclusions fit tidily into the existing historiography on early American manhood. Early chapters complicate the picture typically painted of Puritan Massachusetts's patriarchal gendered order. By highlighting its fraternal networks of gendered power, I found that a bifurcated gendered order was largely responsible for the civilization's unique social stability. Historians examining this subject generally conclude that men's ideas about what it meant to be a man changed little from the founding of the colonies to the outbreak of the American Revolution. The standard narrative is that a communal manhood prevailed throughout America until the very end of the eighteenth-century when it was suddenly replaced by a more individualistic "manliness." Not until after the liberating forces of the Revolution, the market economy, and political democracy had reshaped American society, it is asserted, were men truly able to pursue individualistic goals in their personal and professional lives. I discovered that this dating is late by about a century, and that historians have mistaken causes for effects in the relationship between the American Revolution and the rise of autonomous manhood. It was not a consequence of the Revolution, I argue here, but a cause of the event.
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Smith, Harry John. "Propertied society and public life : the social history of Birmingham, 1780-1832." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:608bf88d-87af-4dba-993e-8772b86afd71.
Full textAbstract:
Social history has been much criticised over the past thirty years. This criticism and the consequent turn to cultural history have brought many advances, developing our understanding of the language, discourse, ritual and culture. However, it has also led to a neglect of structural factors and a turn away from the study of collectivities. This has meant that many subjects that class used to explain (social difference, social relationships and collective actions) are often ignored or undertheorized in current historical scholarship. This thesis examines one of these issues: how should historians understand and analyse the process of social-group formation? It does this through a case study of propertied society in Birmingham between 1780 and 1832. Propertied society is a loose category that does not have the connotations of concepts such as ‘middle class’. This thesis suggests that there were many different types of social group and that historians need to differentiate between them when analysing past societies. The most important distinction is between groups who shared attributes and groups that acted together. However, there was no simple relationship between attributes and actions; individuals who shared attributes did not necessarily act in the same way. The first part of the thesis (chapters 1-3) discusses who was included within the category of propertied society and the social and geographical understandings of those individuals. The second part of the thesis (chapters 4-6) moves from the general material and cultural structures of propertied society to consider three case studies that examine a number of processes by which individuals came together to form groups focused on particular discourses, institutions and events. The three case studies discuss the family and the transfer of social knowledge (chapter 4), local government and the nature of elites (chapter 5), and the process of politicization through examining membership of the Birmingham Political Union (chapter 6).