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1
Klubock, Thomas Miller, and Paulo Fontes. "Labor History and Public History: Introduction." International Labor and Working-Class History 76, no. 1 (2009): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990020.
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Labor history and public history have had a long relationship in the United States, as James Green argues in Taking History to Heart, dating back to Progressive-era historians like Mary Ritter and Charles A. Beard. Labor historians like Phillip Foner, who identified with the “Old Left,” made labor history public history through ties to labor organizations and the Communist Party. Then, during the 1960s, historians identified with the “New Left” and inspired by E.P. Thompson, worked to extend social history and working-class history “from the bottom up” beyond the confines of the academy, even as they shifted their focus from the institutional histories of unions and political parties, to make the history of “ordinary people” and “everyday life” public history. The organization of history workshops and the proliferation of oral history projects reflect the ways in which historians of the working class made their practices public history in new ways during the 1960s and 1970s while expanding the sphere of both “the public” and “labor” to include histories of women, gender and patriarchy, and ethnic and racial minorities.
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van der Linden, Marcel, and Lee Mitzman. "Connecting Household History and Labour History." International Review of Social History 38, S1 (April 1993): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112350.
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Labour historians have always shown an interest in working class men and women who participated in strikes, unions, and political parties. However, even when historians are receptive to the importance of family life behind public activism these scholars continue to use the “public sphere” as an approach for studying the family. This approach runs counter to historical logic because the daily life of those who join social movements and organizations involves far more than merely labour activism. To understand the true causes of collective resistance among workers, it is necessary to use the “private sphere” as an approach for studying labour protests as well. While this reverse perspective may not prove a panacea for all problems associated with analysing labour history, it will provide insight into the rather obscure motives of the working class for deciding whether or not to support the development of workers' movements. Furthermore, Jean H. Quataert wrote that examining working-class households makes it possible to keep “in focus at all times the lives of both men and women, young and old, and the variety of paid and unpaid work necessary to maintain the unit”.
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Byars, Jana. "Parlour Games and the Public Life of Women in Renaissance Italy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 45, no. 2 (August 2014): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_00719.
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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Greek history." Greece and Rome 70, no. 2 (September 12, 2023): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383523000116.
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I commence this review with a major contribution to the study of women in the ancient Greek world. The public invisibility of women in the poleis of the archaic and classical period is a well-known phenomenon; equally well-known is the fact that this starts to change from the Hellenistic period onwards, when developments in the culture of evergetism and in honorific practices created a niche for women to be publicly visible and honoured by their communities. Przemysław Sierkierka, Krystyna Stebnicka, and Aleksander Wolicki have published a two-volume collection of all public honorific inscriptions for Greek women from the classical to the Roman imperial period. The work excludes honorific inscriptions for Hellenistic queens and female members of the Roman imperial family, thus focusing on honours for Greek citizen women and foreign women. The first volume includes a book-size introduction to the history of public honours for Greek women, examining diachronic changes and offering an overview of the language of inscriptions and the repertory of honours provided. At the same time, the introduction offers an extensive discussion of the role of women in the public life of Greek cities in the long term. The first volume also includes the corpus of inscriptions from Aegean Greece, the Balkans, and Sicily and Italy in the West; the second volume largely focuses on Asia Minor, while also including the few relevant inscriptions from Cyprus, Syria, Egypt, and Cyrenaica. Each inscription is described in detail, while the Greek text is accompanied by an English translation and followed by a focused commentary. In line with the other major corpus under review here, this editorial choice to provide translation, bibliography, and commentary will make these volumes an impressive research tool for both specialists and non-specialists. I admit that I was really surprised by the quantity of the surviving material: the volume includes 1128 inscriptions from 238 communities. While many of these inscriptions are short, formulaic, and repetitive, the information provided on a substantial number is truly fascinating for Greek social history and the history of women.
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Уалиева, Г. К., М. А. Алпысбес, and Ж. А. Қарсыбаева. "Social and political role of women in the era of the Kazakh Khanate (XV-XIX centuries)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 3, no. 103 (September 30, 2021): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021hph3/123-129.
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The Kazakh Khanate is the source of national statehood. The study of the history of Kazakhstani society should cover a wide range of issues, including social, political, economic, spiritual culture and national ideology. Analysis of the history of various social groups in the public life of the Kazakh community, including the analysis of the historical role of women in society, is relevant. From a historical point of view, it was believed that the social and cultural life of Kazakhstan was largely patriarchal, but upon further study of the topic it can be seen that in public relations, the patriarchal and matriarchal character went in parallel. The fact that the burden of social responsibility in Kazakh society is borne by both men and women can be seen in the foundations of customary law in the steppe laws. The very stability of the family in Kazakh society is also the result of the narrative of national values. A man protects the earth, a woman protects the nation, because the role of a woman as a mother has a special influence on the formation of a child's language skills, worldview values, and life principles. The purity of the nation's blood is directly related to the strong national principles and family traditions of the Kazakh people. It is important to recognize and appreciate the phenomenon of women in social history, since, on the one hand, it concerns issues of the nationality code, on the other, it depends on the national spiritual nature and foundations of civilization. This article presents a study of the social and political life of women on historical examples of the public life of the Kazakh Khanate.
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Isenberg, Nancy. "Mary Kelley.Learning to Stand and Speak: Women, Education, and Public Life in America's Republic.:Learning to Stand and Speak: Women, Education, and Public Life in America's Republic." American Historical Review 112, no. 3 (June 2007): 848–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.112.3.848a.
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Sung, Hung-En. "From Victims to Saviors? Women, Power, and Corruption." Current History 105, no. 689 (March 1, 2006): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.689.139.
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Law, Cheryl. "Women in british public life, 1914-50: gender, power and social policy." Women's History Review 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020200200667.
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Knight, L. W. "Learning to Stand and Speak: Women, Education, and Public Life in America's Republic." Journal of American History 94, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25094825.
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WINTERER, CAROLINE. "IS THERE AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF EARLY AMERICAN WOMEN?" Modern Intellectual History 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244306001120.
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Catherine Kerrison, Claiming the Pen: Women and Intellectual Life in the Early American South (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005)Susan Stabile, Memory's Daughters: The Material Culture of Remembrance in Eighteenth-Century America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004)Mary Kelley, Learning to Stand and Speak: Women, Education, and Public Life in America's Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 2006)Consider Abigail Adams. Known to us mostly through over one thousand letters that she exchanged with her husband, John Adams, she was a woman of redoubtable intelligence and energy. Wife of the second president of the United States, she was mother to its sixth. She traveled to France and England, rubbing elbows with dukes and diplomats; she read deeply in history and literature; she supported the literacy of black children; she was a conduit for the American reception of Catharine Macaulay's republican-friendly History of England from the Accession of James I to that of the Brunswick Line (1763–8). The letters between John and Abigail fly so fast and furious, are so full of learned banter and palpable yearning, that their marriage appears strikingly modern, a union of equals. Let us not be deceived. Abigail Adams, like other women of her generation even in the social stratosphere, had no formal schooling, and her erudition was dwarfed by the massive learning bestowed upon John. He had a Harvard BA and read law for three years. He took for granted a vast public arena in which to unleash his colossal, if tortured, political ambitions. Abigail never published a word.
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Hughes, Vivien. "Women in Public Life: The Canadian Persons Case of 1929." British Journal of Canadian Studies 19, no. 2 (September 2006): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.19.2.10.
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Feldman, Andrea. "New women in a new state." Review of Croatian history 18, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v18i1.24285.
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This paper intends to explain not only the origins of the modern woman in a changing political and social environment in a newly established state after First World War, but also the development of ideas formulated by women in their intellectual endeavors, through their influence and criticism, and their hopes and expectations of the new state. It focuses on Croat and South Slavic spaces in the process of unification of the State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 (called the Kingdom of SHS, Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929). This period saw the unprecedented involvement of women in political and public life with the aim of achieving political and legal equality. Examining the complex structural changes that took place amidst great economic, social, and political commotion, the paper encompasses the personalities and ideas that challenged the established understanding of the status of women and analyses the ways and forms of some of their social and public actions. The most important among them was Zovka Kveder Demetrović, a journalist and editor of a prominent women’s magazine Ženski svijet/Jugoslavenska žena [Women’s World/The Yugoslav Woman] whose advocacy of women’s issues is the focus of this paper. It informs the reader on new possibilities of understanding the intellectual and political contribution of women, and identifies the most important, if generally unknown, women authors from the region whose work contributed to the general advancement of women’s issues in the aftermath of First World War.
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Travitsky, Betty S. "Reprinting Tudor History: The Case of Catherine of Aragon*." Renaissance Quarterly 50, no. 1 (1997): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039332.
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Juan Luis Vives's Instruction of a, Christen Woman (hereafter ICW), the text Ruth Kelso has described as the most influential conduct book for women of the sixteenth century, was printed and reprinted in English over nine times during the course of the century: in 1529, 1531, 1541, 1547, 1557, and 1567 from the shop of the Erasmian printer Thomas Berthelet, in 1585 by Robert Waldegrave, and in 1592, by John Danter. In addition to the widely recognized significance of the often contradictory views of women expressed in ICW, these English editions are significant as an example of an early modern reconstituting of the historical record. Allusions to Catherine of Aragon within these editions reflect swings in Tudor court politics and trace the privatization of this once seemingly powerful woman as she was removed from court and public life.
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Regan, Lisa. ":Parlour Games and the Public Life of Women in Renaissance Italy." Sixteenth Century Journal 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj43920271.
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Marni, Marni, and Putri Halimu Husna. "Physical Domain of Quality of Life in Premenopause and Post Menopause Women in Central of Java." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 19, no. 2 (October 18, 2023): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v19i2.45253.
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Abstract. Background: Premenopause and menopause would affect changes in a woman's body. Physical changes during premenopause and menopause would affect a woman's quality of life. Physical changes also caused physical symptoms that were very disturbing in daily activities. This study analyzes the factors that influence physical symptoms on the quality of life of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: This research method was a descriptive study with a cross sectional study approach. This research was conducted in Central Java province from March to December 2022. The population in this study were premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Central Java. The sampling technique was carried out using the clustered random sampling method. Respondents to this study were taken from 4 districts from 4 corners of Central Java province, namely Kudus Regency, Sukoharjo Regency, Tegal Regency and Semarang Regency. Each district taken 25 respondents. Respondents' quality of life was measured using the Menopause Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. This study was analyzed using chi square. Results: education, religion, occupation, age at menarche, parity, income, history of illness, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse significantly influence the physical domain of quality of life of postmenopausal women with a p-value 0.005. Age, education, occupation, age at menarche, marital status, parity, income, medical history, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse significantly influence the physical domain of quality of life of premenopausal women with a p-value 0.005. Conclusion: The physical domain of quality of life for postmenopausal and premenopausal women is influenced by the same factors, namely education, occupation, age at menarche, parity, income, medical history, current activity, history of sexual intercourse, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Physical symptoms in postmenopausal women are in the mild category, while premenopausal women have severe physical symptoms
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Nagieva, Madina. "RAISING THE ROLE AND AUTHORITY OF A WOMAN IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF DAGESTAN DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." Vestnik Majkopskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tehnologiceskogo Universiteta 13, no. 2 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2078-1024-2021-13-2-23-28.
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The article is devoted to relevant scientific problem, since the period of the Great Patriotic War is one of the turning points, nodal moments in the history of our country, in general, and in the history of the female movement in the USSR, in particular. The mass involvement of women in public production, due to the forced development of the economy during the years of industrialization and increased in military time, led to a fundamental change in the status and role of women in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the Soviet society. The relevance of this research is due to the need to study the contribution to the victory of women of the Multiethnic North Caucasus, including Dagestan, a multi-faceted feat of women during the war years, their contribution to victory over fascism deserve high public recognition. The Great Patriotic War contributed to a significant change in the role of a woman in society. The purpose of the research is to show how a woman during the War had to perform the functions that were mainly assigned to men, especially taking into consideration the masculine character of traditional Dagestan society. Documentary materials and special research have been used and the conclusion has been made that during the war women were leading force in solving the tasks of industrial production and agriculture, they were forced to do a heavy work, because all the capable male population were mobilized to the front. The study allows to identify and comprehend the features, the genesis of the development of female activity of the peoples of Dagestan during the war years, to understand the importance and uniqueness of gender-history processes.
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Richardson, P. "Review: Female Lives, Moral States: Women, Religion and Public Life in Britain 1800-1930." Social History of Medicine 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/15.2.360.
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OGALO, TOBIAS, and Dr JACK ADIPO OGALO. "WOMEN BIOGRAPHIES AND SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION: REFLECTIONS ON PHOEBE ASIYO’S LIFE AND CAREER IN KENYA." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 05, no. 02 (2022): 112–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2022.5209.
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This paper focuses on a historical subject that has not been critically addressed: life writing about an African woman who has served in public office in the past and exercised some sort of political authority. It provides not only a summary of the socio-demographic condition and details about her life but also touches on her life's subjective perceptions and interpretations of facts and events. The knowledge gap that informed this study was that her life history has not been critically analyzed, although interest in Phoebe's political life is significant. What exists is her autobiography that presents her early life and political career without underlining her shortcomings and struggles in political practice. This paper interrogates the strategies she used to grapple with the intricacies of patriarchy in Kenya’s socio-political space. Interpretations of findings in this paper were based on the principles of Public Patriarchal Theory by Walby that posits that women are involved in public realms, such as politics and the labor market, but remain segregated from wealth, power, and status. This paper relied on both primary and secondary data and used Biographical Narrative Interpretative design and purposive sampling techniques to select the informants for interviews. This paper underscores that the writing of women biographies even though underdeveloped, is a political act that gives agency to diverse agendas such as anti-fundamentalism, women’s participation in politics, and the complexities of negotiating private roles of wifehood and motherhood, among many other subjectivities, for women in public spaces. The paper has established that the inability of most women to venture into elective politics is grounded on the patriarchal nature of society and some cultural norms. The study recommends that the direct participation of women in politics and decision-making should be expanded to mitigate against patriarchal limitations on women in politics.
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SHKRABIUK, Petro. "IN LIFE AND STRUGGLE - TOGETHER (FOUR SHORT STORIES ABOUT SPECIAL WOMEN OF UKRAINE)." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 448–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-448-464.
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In the history of Ukraine, the part of a woman is special. She must not only continue generation and educate one in the national-Christian spirit but also protect it even with arms in her hands. In this aspect, the Ukrainian woman's mission is special as in domestic history and the world's one. If we look at the retrospective fate of a woman, then we could see several specific types: 1) the mistress and stateswoman (for example – the great Kyiv princess Olga-Helena); 2) the lady of foreign lands (for example – Regine: Anna Yaroslavna, wife of king Henrich I of France: Nastia Lisovska which we know as Roxolana); 3) the lady of a word (Marko Vovchok, Lesia Ukrainka, Olha Kobylianska, etc.); 4) the public figure and Samaritan; 5) the woman-warrior. Time of state struggle educated such type. Here we can see «the beautiful part» in two roles: the woman as a soldier (Olena Stepanivna, Sofiia Halechko, Handzia Dmyterko) and the woman as a participant in the underground movement (Olha Basarab, Dariia Hnatkivska, Kateryna Zarytska, etc.) In the time of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA), this difference disappeared: women were members in the underground movement and soldiers, and writers, and Samaritans at the same time (Marta Hai, Bohdana Svitlyk). This publication aims to show the most characteristic and bright heroic and sacrifice acts of Ukrainian women (and men). This publication has four short chapters about our women, who, together with men, struggled for Ukraine's independence. They supported men; they were long and hard terms in prison – GULAG. Many such women were killed, but they did not stop their struggle and showed many examples of fidelity and strength. Now such women are bright examples, especially for heroic women who fight nowadays in Eastern Ukraine. Keywords: Mykhailo Soroka, Kateryna Zarytska, Mykola Rudenko, Raisa Rudenko, Mykola Sarma-Sokolovskyi, Varvara Klymko, Nataliia Shukhevych, Mutalif Hehraiev, Kharytia Kononenko, Ulas Samchuk, «Protses of 59», Oleksandra Pidhirska, Nadiia Surovtsova, Olha Duchyminska, Iryna Senyk.
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Fernandes, Priscila Castro Cordeiro, Ana Rosa Ribeiro Elias, Joana Darc Ferreira Da Silva, Jayna Epaminondas Rodrigues, Gerusa Tomaz Faria, Maria Cristina De Moura-Ferreira, Tatiana Carneiro de Resende, et al. "History and advances in women's health care: a narrative review." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 2 (February 15, 2024): e5162. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-123.
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The role of women in society is dynamic, and its history demonstrates various achievements, along with persistent challenges. Comprehensive care and effective public policies are fundamental to ensuring a more equitable and healthy environment for all women. From the period when women were predominantly associated with motherhood to the present day, significant achievements in the political, social, and professional spheres are evident. This work is a narrative review, using Scielo and PubMed databases in the second semester of 2023, with the main objective of highlighting what the literature reveals about advances in women's health care. The evolution of women's roles in society is a complex narrative with persistent challenges, such as gender-based violence. Therefore, professional training is important to monitor women in their different life cycles, adapting to the evolution of their history. Women's empowerment seeks equality of opportunities, although additional challenges have emerged during the pandemic, highlighting gender disparities. Public policies are of great importance for ensuring equitable monitoring.
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Granados Posada, Cynthia. "Evocations: Honouring The Memory of Women Artists." Journal of Public Space 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v7i3.1590.
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The life and work of women artists has been, more often than not, neglected and excluded from history. There are artists, groups, authors and institutions around the world who have made and continue to make efforts to shed light on excluded artists by showing their work in exhibitions, compilations, websites or social media accounts. The ongoing project Evocations aims to honour some of those forgotten artists through the creation of artwork inspired by them. Until now, this project has consisted of four participatory public performance art pieces and a collective exhibition honouring eleven women artists who have not been properly recognised for their achievements. By undertaking these participatory performances in public space locations the art, ideas and lives of these women are drawn into the daily life of contemporary Mexico.
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READ, SANNA, and EMILY GRUNDY. "Fertility history and quality of life in older women and men." Ageing and Society 31, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000760.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper we examine associations between the fertility histories of older British women and men and their quality of life using data on a sample of 6,374 men and women born between 1923 and 1949 drawn from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Quality of life in 2001 was measured using scores from the four subscales of the CASP-19 questionnaire: control, autonomy, pleasure and self-realisation. Fertility histories were derived using information on the births of children collected in all waves of the BHPS. The aspects of fertility history investigated were number of children born and parents' ages at birth of first and last child. Age, education, marital status, tenure status, smoking, co-residence with one or more children, perceived social support and health limitations were included as covariates. The results suggested that early entry to parenthood and to some extent high parity were related to poorer quality of life. These associations were mostly mediated by socio-economic, social support and health factors. Compared to women with two children, nulliparous women expressed a higher level of autonomy, and both nulliparous women and those with four or more children a higher level of self-realisation. Low parity was related to a lower level of pleasure, especially among men, but this relationship appeared weaker and among women was not significant when background factors were controlled.
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Haight, Barbara K., and Shirley A. Hendrix. "Suicidal Intent/Life Satisfaction: Comparing the Life Stories of Older Women." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1998.tb00857.x.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the Maris hypothesis that some people have relevant biographies and life histories that predispose suicidal careers. Using a life history approach, this paper reports differing themes in the lives of two groups of older women recently relocated to a nursing home—those who are satisfied with their lives and those who are not. Twelve women were selected from a sample of 256 by their scores on a life satisfaction index or suicidal intent scale. Seventy‐two hours of transcribed life histories were content‐analyzed for dominant themes that contributed to either life satisfaction or suicidal intent. Strong overall themes emerged for both groups under the headings of childhood, families, role models, connectedness, confidantes, life involvement, death experience, and memories. However, the most important correlates to contribute to a suicidal career for ideators were dysfunctional families of origin, poor role models, a feeling of isolation, and a pessimistic outlook.
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Richie, Beth E. "Challenges Incarcerated Women Face as They Return to Their Communities: Findings from Life History Interviews." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 3 (July 2001): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047003005.
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This article uses results of a qualitative research project to describe the challenges that incarcerated women face as they return to their communities from jail or prison. Following a descriptive profile of the population, the particular challenges are discussed, focusing on the gender and culturally specific needs that formerly incarcerated women from low-income communities face upon release from correctional facilities in this country. The article concludes with a discussion of the broader contexts that affect women's self-sufficiency, and the need for neighborhood development initiatives, public policy reform, and social changes.
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Sidorova, Olga G. "Women at War in the Prose of Contemporary British Women Writers." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 15, no. 2 (2023): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2023-2-121-130.
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The contribution of British women to the victory in World War II was great: unmarried women under 30 were mobilized to Women’s Auxiliary Service, to work in industries and in the so-called Land Army. During the Blitz –a period of intense bombing of London and other British cities in 1940–1941–women worked in voluntary teamsclearing rubble, in ambulances and in hospitals. Descriptions of the bombed, burning city are numerous in the books of writers who witnessed the war (G.Greene, E.Bowen, and others). The war changed the everyday life of British women and their social roles drastically. The life of women in the wartime London is described in M. Spark’s novel The Girls of Slender Means(1963), but in subsequent years the topic was not much discussed in literature. The return of British literature to national history took place at the end of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the wartime women’s life and fight is reflected in the following novels by contemporary women writers: S.Waters The Night Watch, K.Atkinson Life after Life, E.Healey Elizabeth is Missing, K.Morton The Secret Keeper, and others. All the novels are based both on wartime documents (witnesses’ diaries and memoirs) and on literary tradition. Each of the writers describes the heroic struggle of women during the Blitz and their everyday life; wartime daily life and its constituents acquire a symbolic, even ideological meaning. The novels analyze similar themes and problems, but the writers use different points of view and narrative techniques. S. Waters uses reverse com-position, her characters are marginal from the point of view of public morals. K.Atkinson’s novel is a com-plex postmodern narration where numerous plotlines are interwoven. E.Healey mostly relies on memory games, while K.Morton uses popular literature techniques. Two categories –memory and history –are em-ployed in all the novels to show and to reconstruct the role of British women in the WWII victory.
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Russkikh, Tatyana Nikolaevna. "COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR OF MODERN UDMURT WOMEN: SCENARIOS, STRATEGIES, PRACTICES." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-1-103-114.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the communicative behavior generations of Udmurt women in the 20th and the early 21st century. The relevance of the article is due to the existing public demand for coverage of regional women's history and gender history. Main attention is paid to the requirements imposed by society on the behavior of the Udmurt woman. The result of a comparative analysis of the communicative behavior of two generations of women showed changes in premarital and marriage behavior. The author notes that the realities of modern life make their own corrections, including disproportions. And so the modern udmurt woman is not only the keeper of the home, but she becomes the main source of income in her family. She becomes less closed, more communicative. In this connection, Udmurt women have to overcome their modesty and shyness to develop self-presentation skills, which undoubtedly affects the strategies of communicative behavior implemented by them.
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Trepp, Anne-Charlott. "The Emotional Side of Men in Late Eighteenth-Century Germany (Theory and Example)." Central European History 27, no. 2 (June 1994): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900009997.
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For a long time, the emotional, more intimate and private spheres of life have not been taken seriously by historians. Only the public side of life has been considered to be a legitimate subject for scholars. Disregard of “the private” is as yet not a practice of the past, in particular when traditional historians are concerned. In spite of the “new, wide-ranging anthropological orientation” of historiography in the last few years, the marginalization of private life is, (in contrast to French and Anglo-American historical research) still the norm in Germany. The reasons for this disinterest in the private are numerous, but lie primarily in the tenaciously held, often not openly expressed, assumption that the nature of the private is in itself ahistorical. In contrast to the public, (a correlation considered to be dualistic) the private is seen as an anthropological constant, “timeless” and universal, simply a part of “nature.” The private, used synonymously for the spheres of marriage, family, and household, thus was placed beyond history, and therefore beyond historical change. This more than anything else determined that women had no “history” (Geschichtslosigkeit)—their inherited place was, after all, to be found within the context of family and household. Against this background, the binary concept of public and private appeared to be a promising heuristic tool for tracing women in history for quite sometime.
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Inayatillah, Inayatillah. "Acehnese Women in Public Spaces: Theirmovement and Political Participation." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i1.823.
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Aceh has the most enduring legacy of successful female leaders in the world. The situation has changed during the past few decades, as fewer women hold crucial government positions. This paper traced the history of women and their role in Aceh through colonial and post-colonial contexts from the early years of this century to the present day. This study also examined the role and contributions made by the Acehnese women through the women's movement and their participation in political life, as well as the reasons for the lack of women appointed as policymakers, as indicated by multiple studies on this topic. A qualitative library research method was employed, and the data from text documents were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. The research showed that women in Aceh continued to play an essential role in the public domain and made significant contributions through the movement. However, The lack of opportunity for women to occupy their position as policymakers were influenced by diverse issues ranging from the patriarchal culture in Aceh, the inability of a political party to cadre women, to the misconception of people in interpreting religious belief that women should not be allowed to be a leader.
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Tursunova, Ranokhon. "THE EXPERIENCE OF GERMANY IN INCREASING THE SOCIO-POLITICAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN MODERN SOCIETY." Alatoo Academic Studies 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.222.48.
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An article about the gender equality of women in modern society on the example of Germany. The path of women in public life in Germany was difficult, but today German women have achieved great success in politics. Their number is growing both in political parties and in the country's parliament and in the structure of top leadership positions. For 16 years, the German chancellor was Angela Merkel, who led the country very successfully and is the first woman in this position and the third-longest rule in German history. At the present stage of modern history in Germany, there have been fundamental changes in the socio-political status of women, which can be described as positive. It should be pointed out that not only Germany but also the EU as a whole, has obliged the governments of all participating states to assist in resolving issues of equal rights for women and monitor the observance of their rights.
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Harrison, Brian. "Women in a Men's House the Women M.P.s, 1919–1945." Historical Journal 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 623–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0001894x.
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‘Anybody who has bred horses will tell you’, the anti-feminist M.P. Major Falle informed M.P.s in 1923, when opposing women's full admission to Cambridge University, ‘that it is folly in the extreme to put colts and fillies together’. More subtle was the argument of Lord Hugh Cecil; concerned with what we now call the ‘chemistry’ of human relationships, he claimed that only a single-sex environment produces the ‘nervous intensity’ that launches major intellectual achievement and significant shifts in national opinion. Anti-feminist faith in segregation applied also to politics. Before 1918, parliament was what social anthropologists would now call a ‘men's house’ as with the kindred London clubs and colleges in Oxford and Cambridge, women's admission to it was slow and reluctant. If women wanted to participate in public life, it was argued, they should form clubs or parliaments of their own. Unlike some anti-feminists, Cecil's desire for segregation did not lead him to oppose votes for women because he saw the elector as simply an individual in a polling-booth, but he shared the anti-feminists' idea that the M.P. ‘resembles the limb of a body’, and so should be recruited solely from men. Nobody listened; within months of getting the vote, women (even unenfranchised women between 21 and 30) became eligible for parliament, and mixed universities eventually became the norm.
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Savilonis, Margaret F. "Women, Modernism, & Performance." Theatre Survey 47, no. 1 (April 13, 2006): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406360097.
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Penny Farfan's Women, Modernism, & Performance, six intricately woven essays about a handful of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century female artists, is an absorbing study centered on the premise that “the feminist-modernist aesthetics of key figures in the fields of dance and literature developed in part out of their engagement with dramatic literature and theatrical practice, making their lives and work a part of theatre history” (2). Employing broad definitions of both performance and modernism, Farfan casts a wide net, adopting what she describes as a “‘maximalist’ approach” (117) to construct her arguments about these artists' contributions to “the transformation of the representation of gender in both art and life” (119). Her consideration of public performances such as courtroom trials, lectures, and “the performance of gender in the practice of everyday life” (3) informs her analysis of literary, critical, and performance texts to intriguing effect. In the process, Farfan delineates the cultural landscape out of which these women and their work emerged.
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Sayfetdinova, Elmira Gadelzyanovna. "The image of the Golden Horde womens in the notes of an Arab traveler Ibn Battuta." From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-4.10-17.
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This article discusses the image of the woman of the Golden Horde in the description of the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta, who visited the headquarters of the Golden Horde ruler Uzbek Khan in 1334. The author focuses on the view of the Arab traveler to the attitude of the Jochids towards their women and the effective use of their potential in the politics and public life of the state. Information is given in which the traveler tells in detail about the meeting with women and assesses the status of the women of the ruling elite of the Golden Horde, who left their mark on the development of the country.
For citation: Sayfetdinova E.G. The image of the Golden Horde womens in the notes of an Arab traveler Ibn Battuta. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. vol.13, no.4, pp.10–17. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-4.10-17 (In Russian)
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Ismailbekova, Aksana. "Women’s Islamic Activism Rises in Kyrgyzstan." Current History 122, no. 846 (October 1, 2023): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.846.268.
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Despite the violence of Soviet rule, Soviet policies improved the status of women in Central Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union ushered in a restoration of revival of Islam and patriarchal customs. In Kyrgyzstan, Islamic organizations are taking an increasingly active role in public life, often delivering necessary services that the state no longer provides. But here, female-run Islamic groups have gained influence, and pious women are challenging both patriarchal and secular norms.
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Percy, Carol. "Disciplining women?" New Approaches to the Study of Later Modern English 33, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2006): 109–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.33.1.08per.
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Summary On the basis of an analysis of works for children published by Ellenor Fenn (1743–1813) in the 1780s, an argument is offered concerning the significance of English grammar to the domestic education of elite boys and girls. The topic is contextualized in overviews of the high social value of grammar and of the maternal educator, idealized for her ‘civilizing’ influence, especially on men. Some elite mothers were criticized by Fenn and her contemporaries for preferring public life to domestic responsibility or for indulging their children. While acknowledging the difficulties of child-rearing and the challenges to women’s domestic authority, Fenn and others spell out the consequences of failing to train young males in particular. The author argues that educational toys and age-graded books like Fenn’s encouraged loving mothers to socialize their children while simultaneously displaying their wealth. Grammar, because of its associations with order, was central to this domestic curriculum. While not overtly challenging conventional gender roles, Fenn represented ‘sprightly’ young females not as intellectually superficial but as naturally quick to learn and playfully able to teach young males and females. Their pedagogical duties justified young women’s education and granted women educators domestic authority and public importance.
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김영숙 and 이근무. "A Study on the Life History of Post-prostitute Women: Episodes of Endless Escapes from the Public." Korean Journal of Social Welfare 60, no. 3 (August 2008): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20970/kasw.2008.60.3.001.
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Żarnowska, Anna. "Family and public life: barriers and interpenetration – women in Poland at the turn of the century." Women's History Review 5, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029600200124.
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Wahrman, Dror. "“Middle-Class” Domesticity Goes Public: Gender, Class, and Politics from Queen Caroline to Queen Victoria." Journal of British Studies 32, no. 4 (October 1993): 396–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386041.
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In early 1831, the novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton contributed a comparative essay to the Edinburgh Review on “the spirit of society” in England and France. A key issue for discussion, of course, was that of fashion. “Our fashion,” stated Bulwer-Lytton, “may indeed be considered the aggregate of the opinions of our women.” The fundamental dichotomy which ran through these pages was that between public and private: “the proper sphere of woman,” Bulwer-Lytton continued, “is private life, and the proper limit to her virtues, the private affections.” And in antithesis to the aggregate opinions of “the domestic class of women”—in his view, the only virtuous kind of women—which constituted fashion, stood “public opinion”; that exclusive masculine realm, that should remain free of “feminine influence.”Some two years later, in his two-volume England and the English, Bulwer-Lytton restated the antithesis between fashion and public opinion, both repeating his earlier formulation and at the same time significantly modifying it. By 1833, his definitions of fashion and opinion ran as follows: “The middle classes interest themselves in grave matters: the aggregate of their sentiments is called OPINION. The great interest themselves in frivolities, and the aggregate of their sentiments is termed FASHION.” Here, Bulwer-Lytton no longer designated fashion as the aggregate of the opinions of women but, instead, as the aggregate of the opinions of the upper classes; and public opinion was no longer the domain of men but, instead, the aggregate of the opinions of the “middle class.”
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Thane, Patricia M. "What difference did the vote make? Women in public and private life in Britain since 1918*." Historical Research 76, no. 192 (March 27, 2003): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00175.
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Abstract This article looks at what has and has not changed in women's lives since they gained the vote. Women are still more prone to poverty than men, especially single mothers and older women, a fact which would have disappointed the suffragists, many of whom saw elimination of poverty as a priority and played a major role in bringing the Welfare State into being. Suffragists did not expect gender equality to follow quickly after getting the vote. They expected – and got – a long, hard struggle. The women's movement was stronger in the nineteen-twenties and thirties than it had ever been and led to an impressive number of legislative changes. Women's activism was more muted after the Second World War, but revived in the nineteen-fifties even before the great wave of feminism after 1968. The spate of legislation which resulted was comparable with that of the nineteen-twenties. It is not enough to examine legislation. The greatest change in women's lives has been due to increased use of birth control from the late nineteenth century. From the nineteen-sixties the Pill has allowed women to delay starting families without sacrificing sexual relationships, and to establish themselves in a career. However, career opportunities for women remain limited, especially in the skilled trades, while divorce and the ‘long hours’ culture since the nineteen-eighties have made it more difficult for women to combine family and career. The historical record suggests that increased gender equality has been achieved only by campaigns, legislation and measures of positive discrimination, not by gradual persuasion.
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Nead, Lynda. "A Bruise, a Neck, and a Little Finger." Radical History Review 2022, no. 142 (January 1, 2022): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9397044.
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Abstract Ruth Ellis was the last woman to be hanged in Britain. On April 10, 1955, in front of witnesses, she shot and killed her lover, David Blakely, and was immediately arrested and imprisoned. In so many other ways, however, her life was similar to those of many aspirational women of the working classes in postwar Britain; she achieved notoriety because of the murder and execution. This essay uses archives of press photography to examine the diverse ways in which Ellis constructed her identity and was represented to the public as a sexualized woman. It attempts a feminist encounter with the visual archive—an encounter not only with an individual woman but also, and as importantly, with 1950s sex, sexuality, class, and violence.
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Mutieva, Oksana, Saida Sirazhudinova, and Ramazan Idrisov. "Women, religious activity in the North Caucasus (in the context of the radicalism)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 4-1 (April 1, 2023): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202304statyi20.
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The analysis of the issue of women's religious activity in Russia, through the study of gender history, individual practices, documents, normative legal acts, allowed us to identify its important directions and forms. The article presents a retrospective analysis of women's participation in religion, shows the features and ways of optimizing women's participation in religious and public life.
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Reyes, Laurent, Jarmin Yeh, and H. Shellae Versey. "BLACK PLACEMAKING: THE BODY, HOME, AND PUBLIC SPACE THROUGH THE LENS OF OLDER WOMEN." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.809.
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Abstract African American communities are frequently depicted as victims of urban conditions. However, a rich culture of grassroots community development and organizing, often led and stewarded by Black women, exists. Many of these efforts involve enhancing economic, political, and educational opportunities and centering ethics of care and caregiving. This is the notion of Black placemaking, which is explicitly community-focused, shaping the social fabric of everyday life and allowing for the development of Black vernacular spaces that became vital to African-American culture. This paper examines how Black older women engage in placemaking by presenting three select case studies. Using a narrative inquiry approach, we conducted secondary data analysis of interviews drawn from larger qualitative studies about aging in communities that took place in San Francisco and New York City. Black feminist spatial imagination, embodiment, and intersectionality theory were our guiding frameworks. Our analysis revealed how the aging Black body is a site that is subjected to socio-political regulation and violence and illuminates how Black women are agents of community resilience, creativity, and transformation. Creating and holding space (i.e., placemaking) with bodies and physical structures that center the Black community is an act of care, self-determination, and resistance to white supremacy. These embodied processes of placemaking have wide-ranging implications for the ways Black neighborhoods are framed and discussed in popular media, empirical research, and policy. Furthermore, they invite a shift in our current approach to placemaking in later life, one that centers the strengths, history, and traditions of the Black community.
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Koolaee, Elaheh. "Iranian Women from Private Sphere to Public Sphere, With Focus on Parliament." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (2009): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12625876281587.
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AbstractWomen in Iran have gained unprecedented experiences in the course of their fight for democracy and human rights. In the Pahlavi era, the modernisation model was based on Western patterns. With the Islamic Revolution, a new generation of Iranian women emerged in social arenas. Ayatollah Khomeini always emphasised women's prominent and important role in social life. His views shed light on potentials for women's rights, but the obstacle of old cultural and historical attitudes have made these ideas difficult to actualise. The weakness of civil organisations, including women's political and non-political organisations, has seriously affected the outcomes. Although a reformist government and the reinforcement of governmental institutions concerned with women's affairs can play a part in improving the situation of women, women's civil society organisations can assume responsibilities at social levels in order to complement the role of the representatives. The author discusses the process of women's entrance in the public sphere and efforts by the 6th parliament to protect their rights.
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KAYMARAZOV, Gani Shikhvalievich, and Leyla Ganievna KAYMARAZOVA. "“EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN, WHO LIVED IN MOUNTAINS, AS A QUESTION OF SOCIALISTIC BUILDING”: INITIATIVES OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY FOR INVOLVING WOMEN OF DAGHESTAN IN PUBLIC AND POLITICAL LIFE IN THE BEGGINING OF 1930s." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 76 (April 24, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc76/5.
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In the article the activity of the Soviet state for involving women of Daghestan in public and political life in the beginning of 1930s is briefly shown with the usage of new reliable and actual documents and modern historiographic materials. Through the prism of social history, the complex process of creating economic, political, legal and cultural conditions for the formation of factual equality of men and women in multinational traditional region, where Islam was one of the influential factors of spiritual life, was examined.
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Cagnacci, Angelo, and Martina Venier. "The Controversial History of Hormone Replacement Therapy." Medicina 55, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090602.
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The history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) started in the 1960s, with very high popularity in the 1990s. The first clinical trials on HRT and chronic postmenopausal conditions were started in the USA in the late 1990s. After the announcement of the first results of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002, which showed that HRT had more detrimental than beneficial effects, HRT use dropped. The negative results of the study received wide publicity, creating panic among some users and new guidance for doctors on prescribing HRT. The clear message from the media was that HRT had more risks than benefits for all women. In the following years, a reanalysis of the WHI trial was performed, and new studies showed that the use of HRT in younger women or in early postmenopausal women had a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, reducing coronary disease and all-cause mortality. Notwithstanding this, the public opinion on HRT has not changed yet, leading to important negative consequences for women’s health and quality of life.
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Bogdashina, Irina V. "Leisure and Recreation in the Socio-Cultural Memory of Urban Women in the 1950 and 1960s Based on Materials from Volgograd." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-295-304.
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The article examines everyday practices of rest and leisure among urban women living in the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad) - a city that had been completely destroyed during the war. The goal of the present study is to identify specific characteristics in the everyday practices of women. The methodology combines comparative historical, biographical and aggregate methods. Interviews conducted along the empathy method made it possible to identify the sensual and emotional sides of the respondents' lives. The research is based on ego-documents (diaries, oral history), periodicals (magazines, newspapers), and statistics. The article discusses the concepts of free time and rest as preserved in the memory of townspeople, and also private and public forms of leisure. A major finding is that women's memory and texts reveal sensory and emotional experiences that can be used for the history of everyday life. This allows for an imagination of everyday life from a new angle. Domestic work took away the vast majority of women's free time, and given the cultural potential of the region was still underdeveloped, most city dwellers concentrated pastime activities on their homes. However, with the high workload of women at home and at work, it was leisure outside the home that remained one of the few ways for women to relax and recover from mental and physical stress. The everyday life of urban women in the 1950s and 1960s was characterized by a division of leisure in private and public forms.
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Osis, Maria José Duarte, Anibal Faúndes, Maria Helena de Sousa, Graciana Alves Duarte, and Patricia Bailey. "Fertility and reproductive history of sterilized and non-sterilized women in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 19, no. 5 (October 2003): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2003000500018.
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This article compares sterilized and non-sterilized women in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and cohabitation status. Women from 30 to 49 years of age and residing in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, were interviewed with a pre-tested and structured questionnaire: 236 women sterilized at least five years before the interview and 236 non-sterilized women. The sterilized women were significantly more likely to be married or cohabiting, to be younger when they began cohabiting, and to have been in the union longer than the non-sterilized women. They also began childbearing at an earlier age and had a history of more pregnancies and more live births than non-sterilized women. Factors associated with a history of 3 or more live births at the time of the interview were surgical sterilization, younger age at first childbirth, older age at the interview, recognition of fewer contraceptive methods, and lower per capita income. The article concludes that sterilization generally appears to be the consequence of higher fertility in a group of women who initiate childbearing early in life, although its role in preventing these women from having even larger families may also have a demographic impact.
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PAMUK, Akif. "Women's Gender Roles in History Textbooks in Turkey." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.391.
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Although the notion of gender has a biological meaning, the concept of gender refers to a social construction that emerges from a biological basis. This construction includes cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity that are more appropriate for social life. In the definition and distinction of gender roles in social life construction, the discussion of the public and private sphere is seen. Textbooks have an important place as a dominant discourse tool in the public and private sphere debate. Therefore, textbooks in general and history textbooks in particular have an important share in this debate. Textbooks convey stereotypes of gender roles to students and contain descriptions of roles. On the other hand, history textbooks construct and legitimize the historical context along with the definitions of roles. Therefore, history textbooks have an important share in the production of women's gender roles. In this context, it is determined that the purpose of the study is to evaluate the gender roles of women in compulsory or history courses textbooks in the 2019-2020 academic year in Turkey.
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Ulfiah, Ulfiah. "KONSELING PEREMPUAN." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 3, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v3i2.2189.
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Women have the same status as the man. There is no differences of status and human right between women and men. Both men and women have the same function in the social life. In the long history, women had the important role. With their achievement, Islam has given the large area to the women in doing good action and heroic. Islam has shown a good position for the women in social life. In the global area, the role of women and men had changed. Women tends to get the public role. The tendencies of women change is because of the opened opportunities for the women. This Phenomenon gives the opportunities to the women to express their potential. But it will be a problem if the women don’t understand the role of gender totally. So, counseling has to give the right understanding in expressing their potential.
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Chernenko, A. A., and A. D. Stoianova. "LITTLE WOMEN IN BIG ARCHITECTURE." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 16 (December 23, 2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2022-16-152-158.
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The history of architecture knows a lot of man’s names. It’s not surprising, even though most of the history of worldly professions was occupied by the people themselves, but women didn’t have the right to take away the space and introduce such contagious places for us, like theaters, musical comedy and other kinds of controversy. The article bears the knowledge of the nature and reveals the role of women in the architecture of the New World, tells about historical turns that redevelop the development in this sphere. A gendered approach is first traced to Jane Jacobs' book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, where she criticizes modernist urban planners for cultivating «male experience» or «male ways of life» while disassociating vital functions of the city. In contrast to men's daily practices, the traditional «women's experience» in public spheres includes a significant share of the private sphere: housekeeping, shopping, raising children, caring for the elderly and the sick. Today, the situation in the world favors gender equality, at least when it comes to choosing professions and positions. At the Faculty of Architecture, more girls are entering universities all over the world. However, the way their career develops afterwards is alarming. It is difficult for a woman to combine her personal life and work as an architect, so few manage to apply the knowledge gained at the university in practice. This is also confirmed by the figures of the Federal Chamber of Architects (Bundesarchitektenkammer): in 2016, the share of female architects in the field of construction and freelance employees was approximately one fifth. Among city planners, the share of women is only nine percent. Since the 20th century, small women have taken a big step in the contribution of world architecture, confidently moving forward according to new world trends.
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Tunin, Andréa Simoni Manarin, and Fernando César Ferreira Gouvêa. "Políticas públicas para a inclusão de mulheres brasileiras: O Programa Mulheres Mil como interface entre a educação e trabalho." education policy analysis archives 28 (March 23, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4188.
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This paper presents the Women Thousand Program as a policy of inclusion through education and jobs. It traces the history of public policies designed for women through the Thousand Women Program in the Brazil, and the women’s’ experiences at the Volta Redonda campus. The authors evaluate the public policies that include vulnerable women and efficiently assist them through school. Ethnographical methods were used, based on data obtained from participative observation and detailed monitoring of the daily life of the research participants. Through the lens of critical ethnography, which considers cultural, political, and economic factors, the results show a dissonance between the Thousand Women Program and the daily reality of its participants. In addition, the “salvationist” orientation of the school helps to perpetuate the exclusion of women and gender inequalities within Brazilian society.