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1
Alsamarai, Abdulghani Mohamed. "Association of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus with Breast Cancer." International Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/ijms.v1i2.65.
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Breast cancer forms the most common cancer in women worldwide [1,2] and in Arab countries [3]. Breast cancer accounts for about 1/3 of the registered female cancer in Iraq [4] and with incidence rate of 31.1/ 100 000 in Iraqi women , while it was 18.4 for Iran, 22.4 for Saudi Arabia, 23.0 for Syria, 28.3 for Turkey, 47.0 for Jordan, and 47.7 for Kuwait [5,6]. Recent study in Iraq reported a trend for breast cancer to affect younger age group [7]. This study shows that the highest frequency of breast cancer (32.4%) was in women with age of 21-30 years. Unfortunately, 79.7% of breast cancer cases were in women with age of ≤ 40 years. In addition, 14.9% of breast cancer cases were in women with age of 16-18 years and 52.7% were in those with age of ≤ 30 years. This age shift pattern of breast cancer in Iraqi women was not consistent with previous studies in Iraq [6-12], Arab countries and globally [13,14]. The peak frequency of our study was 21-30 years, while previous studies in Iraq [15-21] indicated that breast cancer frequency peak was in fifth decade of life, in Asian countries in 40-50 years and it was 60-70 years in Western countries [22].
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Abedalrazak, Ahmed Al-Nasiri. "IRAQI WOMEN'S SITUATION AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 2 (March 31, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2019.00867.
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From a historical point of view, the Iraqi society is well known for its conservative social fabric, but that didn’t necessarily mean that Iraqi women were shadowed over by that conservative atmosphere. Through its history Iraq has produced famous, courageous, and self dependent women, in different fields of life. During Modern History Iraq was a part of the Ottoman Empire for about four centuries, with the decline of that Empire, the Iraqi society was affected either directly or indirectly, and the situation of women in Iraq wasn’t getting any better, not to mention some of the local traditions that were designed to prevent women from taking their right role, even from a religious perspective, due to the tribal way of life that the Iraqi society was ruled by. All the above and more were elements that slowed down women in the Iraqi society in having a wider, more diverse role, and resulted in the long lasting; acuminated an affection of these elements, the Iraqi society has lost its capacity to rebuild and flourish.
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Jassim, Marwa Mohammed Ali, Bushra Jabbar Hamad, and Murtada Hafedh Hussein. "Review on Breast Cancer in Iraq Women." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 9, no. 1 (September 23, 2022): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci.v9i1.887.
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breast cancer" which is common type of carcinogenesis in females, surpassing even bronchogenic cancer "accounting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry". According to "World Health Organization", that discovery as well as examination early, particularly in combination together with sufficient therapy, present the appropriate method which decrease in the mortality rate for "breast cancer". Rate of "breast cancer" rise in Iraq, a source of a significant health problem. Labors are necessary on the nationalist scale and establishing comprehensive breast cancer control programs in Iraq for better estimate of the problem
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Fathima, Anisa. "Iraqi Woman Speaks: An Alternative Narrative of War in Riverbend’s Baghdad Burning." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 04, no. 01 (2023): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ajmrr.2023.4102.
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The US-led invasion into Iraq in 2003 triggered an endless war that unleashed new cycles of violence and left the region devastated. Following the 9/11 attacks on the US soil, the West conjured up an image of Iraq as a nerve centre of terrorism. In the months preceding the invasion, the dominant narrative that revolved around the War on Terror sought to project Iraq as a nation that needed to be “liberated” and “civilised” by the West. Iraqi women were particularly (mis)represented as oppressed victims of an abusive patriarchal system, devoid of agency and freedom. Voices emerging from Iraq in the subsequent years have countered this portrayal of their country. This paper explores the myriad ways in which Baghdad Burning by Iraqi blogger Riverbend challenges the dominant narrative of the US-led invasion and in the process, constructs an alternative narrative as a civilian who witnessed and suffered the impact of war from close quarters. As an Iraqi, Muslim woman who speaks her mind, she subverts the gendered liberation discourse of the war and argues that women’s freedom in fact plummeted with the radicalisation of the public space enforced by Iran-inspired Shia political parties in the new US-backed post-war regime. Her account of the invasion goes beyond the usual rhetoric of statistics and policies, and offers an insight into what the occupation and the ensuing violence meant to ordinary Iraqis. In doing so, she shatters the myth of Iraq and gives an insider’s perspective of the country whose modern establishments and secular ethos were destroyed by the invasion.
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Ain, Qurat ul, Saima Anwar, and Shumaila Rafiq. "Situating Women in Trauma of War: An Analysis of Baghdad Burning: A Blog from an Iraqi Woman." Global Regional Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(vi-ii).10.
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The paper deals with situating women in war trauma in Baghdad Burning Volume 2, a girl's blog from Iraq. In the current study, the researcher attempts to reveal the rising of fundamentalism in Iraq after the war. The objective of this study is to safeguard the rights and honour of women after traumatic experiences. The study explores whether the unlashed media is doing its duties truthfully or it dishonestly manipulates the facts about the Iraqi women's traumatic experiences. The paper exposes the reason behind the hiding of the true identity of the author, pseudo-named Riverbend. The framework for the study has been taken from an article "A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Traumatic Experiences", written by Eve B Carlson and the co-author Constance Dalenberg. The study unfolds the reality that a traumatic event becomes a nightmare, especially for a woman, and a series of flashbacks to the same traumatic experience becomes recurrent. The paper concludes the living standards, disparities and situation of women in contemporary war-stricken Iraq.
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Efrat, Noga. "Productive or reproductive? The roles of Iraqi Women during the Iraq‐Iran War." Middle Eastern Studies 35, no. 2 (April 1999): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209908701265.
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Qasem, Nisreen Ghali. "Initiatives to Involve Women in Environmentally Friendly Economic Projects that Promote Sustainable Development in Iraq." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 4, no. 3 (November 3, 2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v4i3.441.
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Women have an important role in developing the economic sector around the world in general and Iraq in particular. Women have an important role in promoting the path of sustainable development and in building a next generation capable of creating decent work and developing other economic sectors. The research problem was crystallized by asking: What are the most important initiatives for economic projects that have participated? Where is the woman? To what extent are women empowered and what is their role in promoting sustainable development goals? The aim of the research was to know the extent of women’s empowerment and their role in environmentally friendly economic projects that enhance the path of sustainable development in Iraq, and to highlight the most important initiatives undertaken by the Central Bank of Iraq, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and the national strategy, and to update the weaknesses and strengths in economic projects that diminished the status of women. As for the research hypothesis, women play an important role in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development through financing and opportunities, while the most important conclusions were the weakness of the role of Iraqi women in the field of environmentally friendly economic projects, and if they exist, they are not at the level of ambition. The most important recommendations were to contain unemployment rates amongWomen in the government sector and the private sector through enhanced job opportunities for production and productivity and environmental, social and legal protection systems for women.
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Zehtabi, Maryam. "Iranian Women and Gender in the Iran-Iraq War." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-9306902.
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Ghena, Hanaa Khlaif. "War is Herstory Home Front Women in the Poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 3, no. 3 (September 7, 2023): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.3.3.3.
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Woman characters abound in the poetry of the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh who is influenced, in his presentation of her, by three mainfactors, namely, war, political system, and patriarchal norms. Al-Sayegh’s women are essentially of four types: the mother, thelover/sweetheart, the war victim, and the working class woman.Drawing on Bamberg’s concept of ‘small stories,’ this paper is anattempt at exploring those women’s small and underrepresented storieswhich tell a lot about social, political, and economic conditions in Iraq.The paper argues that although small and unexciting, these stories doshed light on the social status and ordeals of women in Iraq. Women’s‘small stories’ are then analyzed in a number of poems that best reflectthe characteristics of each type of woman. It concludes that thesewomen’s stories which take place at home fronts are no less significantthan the stories narrated by men. Women’s stories ultimately revealpart of the unofficial and often unspoken of history of war in Iraq.
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Alfatlawi, Ahmed Aubais. "Accountability of ISIS For Mass Violations Against Iraqi Women: Study In The Iraqi Criminal Framework." Akkad Journal Of Law And Public Policy 1, no. 4 (March 18, 2022): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i4.83.
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Several questions remain unanswered in light of the heinous crimes against women committed by ISIS in Iraq. This article will examine Iraq's current criminal framework to see if prosecutions for these violations were appropriate in light of international criminal law principles and the security council measures taken after ISIS took control of Mosul and other areas in Iraq in 2014. As an illustration of the kinds of topics we will cover in this paper: Is the Iraqi criminal justice system capable of investigating and holding ISIS accountable? Why did the Iraqi government make a request to the Security Council for help in 2017 if the reaction is positive? In light of what Iraqi women have been subjected to for three years now? While Iraq's criminal framework may have a legislative vacuum or contradiction, why did the Council of Representatives of Iraq not address these issues in its legislative policy, either by amending current legislation or drafting a new law to prosecute crimes like genocide or crimes? Against humanity, in the first place?.
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Al-Azzawi, Wasan Faisal Rashid, Fadia Mijbil Abbas, and Hend Raheem Abdelhamze Alkharkushi. "EVALUATING THE OUTCOMES OF POSTPARTUM INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN IRAQI WOMEN." European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i6.607.
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Background: In the United States, there is not enough new data about how many infections after birth happen or how likely certain problems will be if they occur. In Germany, some research shows that about 10% of women who die while giving birth are killed by blood poisoning. Objective: This study is interested to determine clinical findings of postpartum infectious complications related to Iraqi women. Patients and methods: 88 women enrolled in different hospitals in Iraq for delivery or postpartum care and they were screened for their vital signs during this period. Any woman with a fever (> 38.0 °C) or body temperature (
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Koolaee, Elaheh, and Ziba Akbari. "Fragile State in Iraq and Women Security." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798917711294.
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After the Cold War and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the term “fragile states” has gained increasing prominence in security debates and the international community turned its attention to how to deal with such countries. These security concerns originate from several factors: emphasis on building peace and security, spread of this idea that development and security are related, and the principle that the stability of state plays an influential role in its development. The term “fragile state” refers to weak states that are vulnerable to internal and external threats and have a poor government that is incapable of managing internal affairs and external policy. In this regard, Iraq was considered as a fragile state after 2003, and its stability has been evaluated poor since ever. The present study employed indices of fragile state and human security in order to investigate the effect of Iraq’s fragile state on development of threats to women security. Violation of human security in Iraq after 2003 was caused by failure in nation state-building process and weakness of Iraqi government in maintaining societal order and unity. Therefore, the main question that the present study aims to address is: “How has women security been threatened by Iraq’s crisis and its fragile state?”
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Al-Alwan, Nada, and Faisal Mualla. "Promoting Clinical Breast Examination as A screening Tool for Breast Cancer in Iraq." Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58897/injns.v27i1.196.
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Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2). Each year more women are exposed to the viciousramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they wouldexperience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when copedwith adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival ratesin less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs coupledwith inadequate diagnostic and treatment facilities (3). Although mammography machines, as main screeningtools for breast cancer, are available in the major hospitals in each province in Iraq, yet those are mainly usedfor diagnostic purposes in patients who present with palpable breast lumps. Obviously, due to cost effectivemeasures, lack of resources and the economical challenges that Iraq is facing, it is not expected that theauthorities could provide mammography devices across every health care centre in the country to be used forscreening of all Iraqi women.Accordingly, promoting other feasible tools could support in solving that dilemma. Clinical BreastExamination (CBE) for women, by highly trained health care providers in Primary Health Care Centers, alongwith diagnostic mammography in the major hospitals for referred cases, could offer cost effective approachesfor early detection of breast cancer in Iraq. The resources required to provide these services are within thereach of all countries with limited resources(4).The issue of raising awareness on breast cancer and its early detection measures needs to be addressed.Observations reported in Iraqi studies obviously reflect the the limited knowledge of the general populationabout the disease, its preventive measures and their ignorance regarding the significance of CBE and earlymedical consultation (5, 6). Public health awareness campaigns should be endorsed by policy makers to encourage every Iraqi women to look for abnormal signs and symptoms in their breasts and to seek medicaladvice promptly.
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S. Nassir, Eman. "Detection of Serum Ferritin in Women with Breast Cancer." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 25, no. 1 (March 26, 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol25iss1pp23-27.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in females. In Iraq there are noticeable elevation in incidence rates and prevalence of advanced stages of breast cancer. Ferritin is intracellular iron storage protein abundant in circulation and its main application in differential diagnosis of anemia.
The level of serum ferritin was found raised in various cancers including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether the serum ferritin concentration would be altered in Iraqi women with breast cancer and it could be related to progression of disease.
Sixty eight females participated in this study. The mean age of these females was 53.25± 9.52 .The level of serum ferritin was measured in 24 Iraqi women of early stage of breast cancer (stage I and II) and 24 Iraqi women of advanced stage (III and IV). These levels were compared with 20 healthy females as controls. Serum ferritin was estimated by using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay method. This serum ferritin was found to be raised in all breast cancer patients (p<0.05) as compared to controls. The rise in ferritin level was significant in advanced stage (p<0.05) as compared to early stage. Thus the estimation of ferritin may aid in diagnosis, assessment of severity and monitoring of Iraqi women with breast cancer.
Key words: - Ferritin, Breast cancer, Iraq.
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Abdulkhalk Abass, Layla. "Assessment of knowledge and practices of Internally Displaced pregnant women attending to antenatal clinic center at Arbat camp in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 1 (December 3, 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.1.10.
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Internally displaced persons are peoples displaced in it is own country but not crossed a border. After (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria attacked in 2014 to Iraq, millions of Iraqi people flee from their own city war zone to safe camps in Kurdistan region north of Iraq, Arbat camp is one of these camps. Iraqi civilian people constitute most new displacement persons around the world as at least 2.2 million were displaced in 2014. An important part of basic maternal health care is antenatal care that must be provided during pregnancy. Aim of this study is to provide demographic data of Internally Displaced Persons pregnant women and the effect on antenatal care knowledge and practices among of Arbat camp that visits to camp health centers on their health. Assessment of knowledge and practices of pregnant women about antennal care. A cross-sectional descriptive study has been conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of (103) women attended to antenatal care of internally displaced persons) at Arbat camps between 1 January to 30 June 2016. Data collected through the questionnaire form by face-to-face interview. Statistical analyses performed by using SPSS version 16.0, to find descriptive analysis like percentage and frequency and for relative statistical analysis. The results have revealed that most of the pregnant women were in the active reproductive age group 18-25 years old 56(54.4%) pregnant women, housewives 102(99%), illiterate 48(46.6%) pregnant women, were in families that have low income with 48(46.6%) pregnant women with significant relation to the knowledge and practices to antenatal care. In conclusion, most pregnant women have very good knowledge about antenatal care except about performing oral health hygiene during pregnancy. The majority of pregnant women in camps have very good knowledge about all practices that must be do during antenatal except taking medication without a physician prescription.
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Kokiz AL-SARRAJ, Shukria. "THE PRESS TREATMENT OF THE VISIT OF "POPE FRANCIS" AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS ON COMMUNITY PEACE IN IRAQ... A SURVEY STUDY..." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.20.24.
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The importance of the research from a practical point of view lies in the fact that it presents a set of statistics and data that give a clear picture of how the Iraqi newspapers (the subject of the study) deal with the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq ، and what are the most prominent indicators and manifestations of that visit in promoting societal peace among the Iraqi public. From a scientific point of view، the research provides another scientific addition to the media library، especially with regard to journalistic treatments and methods of framing the Arab international press for the subject of the visit، which could be a starting point for other researchers to complete qualitative research in this field. The research problem is how the Iraqi newspapers (the subject of the study) deal with Pope Francis' visit to Iraq، identifying the questions it raised to the reader، and the extent of the media material's contribution to the newspaper and its analyzes، to reveal and highlight the issues of interest. A main question for the research problem can be formulated as follows: How did the Iraqi press handle Pope Francis' visit to Iraq? Branching from this main question are sub-questions that can be identified as follows: 1- What are the most important journalistic arts that dealt with the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq? 2- What kind of information sources did the Iraqi press use in dealing with Pope Francis' visit to Iraq? 3- What is the location of publishing the topics of Pope Francis' visit to Iraq in the two newspapers Al-Ainah? 4- What are the most prominent internal and external actors that the Iraqi press dealt with while addressing the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq? 5- What are the directions of content presentation of the press treatment of Pope Francis' visit to Iraq? 6- What are the most prominent types of journalistic treatments used in Pope Francis' visit to Iraq? 7- What is the impact of Pope Francis' visit on societal peace in Iraq? 8- Did the visit have positive or negative repercussions on societal peace in Iraq? 9- Was the media of its various types effective in handling and covering the visit? 10- Which active forces were the most influential during the visit? 11- What are the most influential dimensions of this visit in the societal peace in Iraq? 12- How important is the role of Iraqi women in this visit? Within the framework of the methodology، methods and research tools available to it، the researcher seeks to achieve a number of scientific objectives related to the subject of the research، including the following at the level of the analytical study: 1. Getting to know how the Iraqi press handled the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq. 2. Knowing the most important journalistic arts that dealt with the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq 3. To identify the type of information sources adopted by the Iraqi press for the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq. 4. Knowing the location of publishing the topics of Pope Francis’ visit to Iraq in Al-Ainah newspapers. 5. Determining the most prominent internal and external actors dealt with by the Iraqi press for the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq. 6. Statement of the direction of the press treatment of Pope Francis' visit to Iraq. 7. To identify the most prominent types of press treatments that were used in Pope Francis' visit to Iraq. As for the research objectives in the field study، they are as follows: 1- Knowing the impact of Pope Francis' visit on societal peace in Iraq. 2- Find out what the visit has achieved of positive or negative repercussions on societal peace in Iraq? 3- Recognizing the effectiveness of the various types of media in handling and covering the visit. 4- Exposing the most influential actors during the visit. 5- Knowing the most influential dimensions of this visit in the societal peace in Iraq. 6- Understand the importance of the role of Iraqi women in this visit. The research community is represented in the following areas: 1- The temporal domain: The researcher determined the temporal domain of her research by specifying the visit of "Pope Francis" to Iraq، as the time period for analyzing the content of the Iraqi press on the subject of the research was determined، as well as the units or categories of analysis related to media treatment. 2- Spatial domain: the researcher chose to analyze the content of the Iraqi press (Al-Sabah / Al-Zaman). 3- The human sphere: the human sphere is represented by a sample of the Iraqi elite، represented by a sample of Baghdad University professors. Among the most important results of the research are the following: 1. The category of spreading a culture of societal peace has preceded the main (7) categories of journalistic treatment of Pope Francis' visit to Iraq. 2. The art of press news in the two newspapers of the sample got the first rank among (6) journalistic arts used for the treatment under study. 3. The highest frequencies in the press sources used in the press treatment (the press representative) were collected in both newspapers. 4. The positive trend prevailed over the presentation of the topics of Pope Francis' visit to Iraq. 5. The internal pages have progressed from the first and last pages in publishing the topics of the visit. 6. The Iraqi government represented the internal and external actors in handling the two newspapers for the visit. 7. The explanatory treatment ranked first in the two newspapers of the sample in its journalistic treatment of the visit. 8. Pope Francis' visit had a great impact on societal peace in Iraq. 9. The visit achieved its positive repercussions by (89%) on the Iraqi society. 10. The sample confirmed that the timing of the visit was very appropriate for the stage in Iraq. 11. The sample confirmed that the Iraqi media of all kinds and trends were active during the visit. 12. The name of the pilgrimage to Ur was presented above the rest of the names given to Pope Francis' visit to Iraq. 13. The respondents indicated that the religious authority in Najaf Al-Ashraf was one of the effective forces for the success of the visit. 14. The sample confirmed that women have priority and an active role in Pope Francis' conversations during the visit. Keywords: Journalism.. Treatment.. Societal Peace
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Benjamen, Alda. "Women in Iraq: Past Meets Present." Bustan: The Middle East Book Review 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/bustan.7.2.176.
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Khodary, Yasmin M. "Women and Peace-Building in Iraq." Peace Review 28, no. 4 (October 2016): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2016.1237151.
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Coleman, Isobel. "Women, Islam, and the New Iraq." Foreign Affairs 85, no. 1 (2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20031840.
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Al-Ali, Nadje, and Nicola Pratt. "Women in Iraq: Beyond the Rhetoric." Middle East Report, no. 239 (July 1, 2006): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25164724.
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Alwan, Nada A. S., David Kerr, Dhafir Al-Okati, Fransesco Pezella, and Furat N. Tawfeeq. "Comparative Study on the Clinicopathological Profiles of Breast Cancer Among Iraqi and British Patients." Open Public Health Journal 11, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501811010177.
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Background:Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iraq and the United Kingdom. While the disease is frequently diagnosed among middle-aged Iraqi women at advanced stages accounting for the second cause of cancer-related deaths, breast cancer often affects elderly British women yielding the highest survival of all registered malignancies in the UK.Objective:To compare the clinical and pathological profiles of breast cancer among Iraqi and British women; correlating age at diagnosis with the tumor characteristics, receptor-defined biomarkers and phenotype patterns.Methods:This comparative retrospective study included the clinical and pathological characteristics of (1,940) consecutive female patients who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2014 to 2016 in Iraq (Medical City Teaching Hospital, Baghdad: 635 cases) and UK (John Radcliffe, Oxford and Queen's, BHR University Hospitals: 1,305 cases). The studied parameters in both groups comprised the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, breast cancer histologic type, grade, tumor size, lymph node status, clinical stage at presentation, Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and HER2 positive tumor contents and the receptor-defined breast cancer surrogate subtypes.Results:The Iraqi patients were significantly younger than their British counterparts and exhibited higher trend to present at advanced stages; reflected by larger size tumors and frequent lymph node involvement compared to the British (p<0.00001). They also had worse receptor-defined breast cancer subtypes manifested by higher rates of hormone receptor (ER/PR) negative, HER2 positive tumor contents, Triple Positive and Triple Negative phenotypes (p<0.00001). Excluding HER2 status, the significant differences in the clinical and tumor characteristics between the two populations persisted after adjusting for age among patients younger than 50 years.Conclusion:The remarkable differences in the clinical and tumor characteristics of breast cancer between the Iraqi and British patients suggest heterogeneity in the underlying biology of the tumor which is exacerbated in Iraq by the dilemma of delayed diagnosis. The significant ethnic disparities in breast cancer profiles recommend the prompt strengthening of the national cancer control plan in Iraq as a principal approach to the management of the disease.
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Aljuboury, Nemah. "Breast Cancer in Iraq: A Review." International Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/ijms.v1i1.46.
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Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, comprising 23% of the 1.1 million female cancers that are newly diagnosed each year. In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type of female malignancy, ac- counting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry [4]. This shows that the breast is the leading cancer site among the Iraqi population in general, surpassing even bronchogenic cancer. As proposed by the World Health Organization, early detection and screening, especially when combined with adequate therapy, offers the most immediate hope for a reduction in breast cancer mortality. The incidence of breast cancer increased in Iraq in recent years, indication a significant health problem. Actions are needed on the national level for better estimate of the problem.
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Piro, Tiran Jamil. "Experience of Iraqi Women Who Received In Vitro Fertilization Treatment in the Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital, Iraq." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201746.
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Ahmed Al Samaraie, Nasir. "Humanitarian implications of the wars in Iraq." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 868 (December 2007): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000155.
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AbstractThe current situation in Iraq could be described as a “war on civilians”, for it mainly affects the livelihood and well-being of the civilian population, while serious security problems prevent the Iraqi people from leading a normal life. Going beyond the direct victims of the conflict, this article deals with the daily problems faced by Iraqi society, namely the lack of security in terms of housing, education and health care, as well as protection for the more vulnerable such as women and children. The forcible eviction of many Iraqis is, however, the main problem threatening the basic cohesion of Iraqi society.
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Asmaa' Salah Qadoori and Ahmed K. Ghannam. "Fertility in Iraq Measuring determinants." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 22, no. 4 (January 28, 2023): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v22i4.745.
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In this modest research, we try to clarify the concept of fertility and the detection of the most important determinants and standards in Iraq.
In Iraq, the total fertility rate in Iraq clearly decrease in the last two decade, reach (4.3) births per woman in 2006, but is still high in comparison with the world, more than about (65%) of the global rate of (2.7) births. The overall fertility rate of developing States and medium human development has been reduced to (2.9) births and (2.5) births, respectively. There are many standards of fertility, crude birth rate ,the total fertility rate, age-specific fertility rate, Gross Reproduction rate and the Net Reproduction rate and others.
there are many demographic factors , social and economic impact on the levels of fertility, there for many of researchers try to clarify the relationship between the fertility and these factors and the impact of each on it. the most important of those factors for those relating to the advancement of women in the first place and then the husband and the family and the surroundings of the family. One of the characteristics of women from the demographic aspect of old age at first marriage and the use of family planning methods and other .either social factors include the marital status of the educational level of both husband and wife and health situation. The economic factors related to work of women outside the home, the level of family income and consumer aspirations of the family.
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Hegland, Mary Elaine, and Magdalena Rodziewicz. "Reports." Anthropology of the Middle East 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2023.180108.
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Mateo Mohammad Farzaneh, Iranian Women and Gender in the Iran–Iraq War (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2021), 457 pp. International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Commission on the Middle East Conference ‘The Middle East from the Margin’, 7–9 September 2022, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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S. Shihab, Sami, Haidar M. Jawad, Zahraa matheel Nasir, and Eman M. Jasim. "use of dietary supplement in Iraq." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 64, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6411871.
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Background: Dietary supplementation is a common strategy to achieve a specific health status or performance benefit. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplement in Iraqi genders. Patients and Methods: several questions on dietary supplement use were asked as a part of single performed on 112 female and 247 women aged 35–74 years in 2021 .n = 359) ,reported the frequency and prevalence of supplement use by sex and type of supplement . Results: the mean percentage of dietary supplement use varied among female and men. Use was higher in women than in men. Vitamins, minerals were the predominant types of supplements reported, but there were striking differences between genders. Vitamins, particularly D, C, were the most frequently used ingredients by both genders. Herbals use in female more than male. Conclusions: This study indicates that there are wide variations in supplement use in Iraq, which may affect individual and population nutrient intakes. The results underline the need to monitor consumption of dietary supplements, as well as to evaluate the risks and benefits. Keywords: Abstract Background: Dietary supplementation is a common strategy to achieve a specific health status or performance benefit. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplement in Iraqi genders. Patients and Methods: several questions on dietary supplement use were asked as a part of single performed on 112 female and 247 women aged 35–74 years in 2021 .n = 359) ,reported the frequency and prevalence of supplement use by sex and type of supplement . Results: the mean percentage of dietary supplement use varied among female and men. Use was higher in women than in men. Vitamins, minerals were the predominant types of supplements reported, but there were striking differences between genders. Vitamins, particularly D, C, were the most frequently used ingredients by both genders. Herbals use in female more than male. Conclusions: This study indicates that there are wide variations in supplement use in Iraq, which may affect individual and population nutrient intakes. The results underline the need to monitor consumption of dietary supplements, as well as to evaluate the risks and benefits. Keywords: Dietary supplements type; Iraq; vitamins; minerals, herbals.
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Jaber, Rajaa Sabbar. "The Sociolinguistics of Iraqi Women: A New Perspective." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.1.6.
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The influence of gender on language preferences has been a major subject of investigation in modern sociolinguistic research. Previous studies show that social norms, level of education, economic status, and social classifications of gender roles have been identified as some of the key factors influencing different linguistic choices between female and male Iraqi Arabic speakers. The findings of previous studies indicated that Iraq is a male-dominated society. And the women are denied most socio-economic privileges accessible to men, which has significantly influenced their linguistic choices. This investigation, therefore, evaluates to what extent males/females’ speech has different linguistic choices in Nasiriya City, south of Iraq. It aims to present sociolinguistic characteristics of Iraqi women based on 16 hours of voice recorded speech divided into three group situations. A random sampling procedure is applied in this study, where 235 speakers from the University of Thi Qar are involved. The findings collected from 134 female speakers and 101 male speakers indicate that young female speakers aged between 18 to 30-year-old are leading patterns of variation and change towards the prestigious dialect in their choice of some Baghdadi variants. In addition, Nasiriya males are conservatives keeping the use of local Nasiriya variants with a slight approach to Baghdadi variants when the spontaneous speech emerges in talks with females in a mixed group. The findings indicated that even though female speakers currently have equal access to all regional, prestige and standard varieties of the Iraqi Arabic language, both genders differ significantly in terms of their linguistic choices, and their individual choices reflect their social status. Most men are more inclined to use Nasiriya Dialect than Baghdadi Dialect for reasons attributed to strength, toughness and masculinity, while women use the language for prestige and to maintain high social status. Finally, it sounds that sociolinguistic behaviors and patterns of Iraqi Arabic female speakers in the Nasiriya Speech Community are similar to those discovered in Basra and other Arabic-speaking nations and societies.
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Khelghat-Doost, Hamoon. "State Building Jihadism: Redefining Gender Hierarchies and “Empowerment”." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/cejiss.140404.
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Since the establishment of the Islamic State of Syria and Iraq (ISIS), there was a surge in women’s incorporation into the organization. Traditionally, nationalist and leftist militant movements utilised women only during periods of mobilization and political struggle. Upon the periods of state consolidation, women were discarded and pushed out of the state institutions. Ironically and against the above established trend, this article demonstrates that this trend was reversed in the case of ISIS. By using the ‘mahram’ concept, the article also explains the reason why women were largely absent at the midst of ISIS’s conflict and military clashes and were brought to the stage only after the triumph of the organization in establishing its state. The findings of this research are based on secondary sources and primary data personally collected from more than 150 interviews through multiple field trips to Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon, and the borders of ISIS-controlled territories in Syria from July 2015 to January 2017.
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Sami, Ahmed, Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed, and Manal Mohammed Younus. "Mortality Rate Related to Adverse Drug Reactions in Iraqi Patients: A Study Based on WHO Database." Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 6, no. 2 (May 23, 2024): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.725.
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Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintended harmful effects caused by medications that can occur at any dose. ADRs are a significant contributor to hospital admissions and are responsible for numerous fatalities, particularly among older adults with multiple chronic illnesses who take multiple medications. Reporting ADRs is critical for identifying the harmful effects of medications and monitoring patients in hospitals. Objective: ADRs have a significant impact on mortality rates, but no previous studies in Iraq have focused on death-related reports. To address this problem, we conducted a study to assess mortality rates associated with ADRs in Iraq and identify the drugs most frequently involved. Methods: We collected the ADR reports of Iraqi patients that were registered as fatal from January 2010 to January 2024 in the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase. The case-non-case method will be used to investigate the reporting risk in Iraq versus the rest of the world. Results: A total of 329 fatal ADRs were found, and the mean age of affected patients was 36 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.25:1. Antineoplastic agents ranked first among drugs that caused fatal ADRs (38.4%), and pembrolizumab was the leading active ingredient (27 cases, 6.85%). Conclusions: This study is the first to identify and describe fatal ADRs in Iraq and found them less common in Iraq, and the risk is lower in Iraqi women compared to Iraqi men.
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Popal, G. R. "Impact of sanctions on the population of Iraq." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 4 (August 15, 2000): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.4.791.
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In this article the impact of sanctions on the Iraqi people is reviewed. The health services and situation in Iraq before sanctions were imposed in 1990 are described indicating their adequacy. The adverse effect of the sanctions on the health services and on health indicators are outlined, as evidenced by, among others, the increased malnutrition among children, increased infant and under-5 mortality rates and the increase in foodborne and waterborne diseases. The situation in Iraq illustrates the devastating effects of sanctions on people, particularly children, adolescents, women and the elderly, and highlights the need for more balanced and comprehensive humanitarian programmes
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Lee-Koo, Katrina. "Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Women in Postinvasion Iraq." Violence Against Women 17, no. 12 (December 2011): 1619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801211436094.
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This article explores the increase in gender-based violence against civilian women in Iraq since 2003 and connects it to the U.S.-led invasion of that country. It outlines the complex nature of the gender-based violence and the impact that it has had on civilian women in Iraq. It then analyzes the links between this violence and the politics of the postinvasion period. This article also explores how this violence has been politicized. Ultimately, the article (re)politicizes gender-based violence through a feminist lens and argues that the security of Iraq’s women is fundamental to the stability of Iraq as a whole.
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MAHMOOD, SAHAR. "The reality of Iraqi rural women and ways to empower them." Journal Ishraqat Tanmawya 27 (June 2021): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51424/ishq.27.18.
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Rural women, the cornerstone of building a good family, play a special role in promoting rural agricultural development, improving food security and eradicating poverty. By empowering women, women are able to recognize their situation, gain skill, experience and develop themselves. In addition to their ability to perform all roles of high societal value, whether in the political, legislative, legal, educational, economic or health, Through the concept of gender and empowerment and its three reproductive and social, political, health and decision- making processes Three topics, The first topic included general concepts and demography of women in Iraq. The research dealt with The second study dealt with the problems faced by Iraqi rural women. The third topic dealt either the conclusions or recommendations concerning the needs of Iraqi rural women, ways to improve their situation, empower them and achieve national development. Keywords: rural , rural women , rural poverty , development , Empowering rural women, Sustainability .
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Koolaee, Elaheh. "The Impact of Iraq-Iran War on Social Roles of Iranian Women." Middle East Critique 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2014.949937.
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Eldén, Åsa. "Saddams kvinnor - stöttepelare och akilleshälar." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 18, no. 3-4 (June 17, 2022): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v18i2-4.4582.
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Women in Iraq have become endowed with a symbolic function and linked to particular constructions of national identity in the official rhetoric. In this article, different themes treated by Saddam Hussein in his speeches to the women of the Party are analyzed from the point of view of constructions of gender and national identity. On a fundamental level, dichotomizations of gender are essential to the party rhetoric, in which women are endowed with a double and seemingly paradoxical function: they are simultaneously the pillars and the Achilles heals of Iraqi society.
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Nithyanantham, Dr Vinnaras. "Level of Interpersonal Relationship among the Women Student-Teachers in Iraq." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 2592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201959.
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Mlodoch, Karin. "WOMEN ANFAL SURVIVORS IN KURDISTAN-IRAQ STRUGGLING FOR AGENCY AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part (B - for Humanities) 14, no. 4 (January 30, 2000): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzsb.10383.
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Ahmed, Hamdia M., Kameran H. Ismail, and Namir G. Al-Tawil. "SEXUAL SATISFACTION IN A GROUP OF MARRIED WOMEN IN ERBIL, IRAQ." Journal of Sulaimani Medical College 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10102.
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Robinson, Nova. "Women in Iraq: past meets presentNOGA EFRATI." Women's History Review 24, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2014.922826.
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Kareem, Qabas Naser, Areej Atiyah Hussein, and Shahad Khudhair Khalaf. "Human cytomegalovirus and relationship with abortion among Iraqi females: a systematic review." Journal of Ideas in Health 5, no. 3 (September 8, 2022): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol5.iss3.245.
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Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seroprevalence is a significant health problem, especially among pregnant women in lower socioeconomic societies. This study aims to explore the prevalence of HCMV infections among women in Iraq. Methods: A systematic review was designed to collect and summarize articles concerning the relationship between HCMV infection and abortion in Iraq. We identified the titles and abstracts of the publications from 2008 to 2022. A pre-defined keyword was recruited to recognize the publications and filter the articles to eliminate duplication and remove irrelevant articles. In the reviewed studies, the HCMV was detected using diagnostic methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatography (rapid test) or molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction. Results: Twenty-four eligible articles have been included in this review sourced data from about 5442 patients covering 15 of 18 provinces in Iraq. The prevalence of HCMV IgG and IgM was (0%-100%) and (0%-93%), respectively. Many factors influenced the varied results, including the design of the study and sociodemographic and clinical aspects. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HCMV infection indicates a causative relationship with repeated abortion among Iraqi females.
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Alheriz, Alaa Naji Yaseen, and Dawood Salman Ali. "Evaluation Of Some Biochemical Parameters In Patients With Breast Cancer In Basrah Governorate." Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2024): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2024/v3.i2.12430.
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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women . In Iraq, breast cancer is the commonest type of female malignancy, ac-counting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry. In this study, patients and volunteers from Basrah Governorate (southern Iraq) participated. A total of fifty five participants were subdivided into two groups, breast cancer patients 35 aged (20-60) years, and 20 healthy individuals (control group) aged (20-60) years. Serum levels of Estrogen , Progesterone , glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , immunoglobulinG , immunoglobulinM and cancer antigen 15-3 were measured by standard methods. The study reported that Progesterone and IgG were statistically significant (p˂0.05) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control . Estrogen, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were statistically very high significant (p ≤0.0001) in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy control .There was very high significant positive correlation between estrogen and IgM (p ≤0.0001) .
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Hussein, Dalal I. "Pregnancy outcomes of COVID-19 infection in Iraqi women presented to primary health care center." Medical Journal of Tikrit University 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/mjotu.29.1.1-17.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic disease had great impact on health status in Iraq. The pregnant women and their infants might be at higher risk after infection by COVID-19 disease. Aim of study: To evaluate the maternal and neonatal characteristics of pregnant women infected by COVID-19 disease and assessing the maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iraqi from a sample of pregnant women. Patients & Methods: A clinical prospective follow up study carried out in Obstetrics care unit of Al-Jamiaa health care center of Al-Adil Health sector of Al-Karkh Health Directorate in Baghdad city-Iraq. The duration of the study was six months through the period from 1st of July to end of December, 2020. A convenient sample of 132 pregnant women at labour was selected after eligibility to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pregnant women enrolled in the study were tested by COVID-19-Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test at their admission to hospital. The diagnosis was done by clinical and laboratory investigations including neutophilia and lymphopenia, very high CRP, elevated D-dimer and sometimes on extent of lung involvement by x-ray. Results: The present study showed that 63.6% of pregnant women at labour room had positive COVID-19 infection, while only 6 (4.5%) fetuses had positive COVID-19 infection after delivery. There was a highly significant association between first cesarean section of pregnant women and positive COVID-19 infection (p<0.001). A significant association was observed between preterm labour of fetuses and positive maternal COVID-19 infection (p=0.01). There was a significant association between meconium aspiration of fetuses and positive maternal COVID-19 infection (p=0.001).Conclusions: The incidence of maternal and fetal COVID-19 infection among sample of Iraqi pregnant women presented to primary health care center for antenatal care is high
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Al-Musawy, Jasim, Saad Badai Nashtar, Hassan Sayid Hussein, Rahaf Akel Rajjoub, Hadi Faiz Jazan, and Abdul Amir H. Kadhum. "Violence against Women by Addicted Husbands in Iraq." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (July 22, 2022): 1960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9120.
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Objective: Despite that women are becoming active participants and protagonists of the development social, economic, and political process, they still suffer from the distress of violence, and this problem still spread worldwide. Domestic violence against women is studied in the general population, but the violence against women with addicted spouses was little highlighted especially in Iraq, and this study aimed to reveal the rate of violence and to clarify the different types of violence against wives of addicted husbands.
Methods: This comparative study was carried in Ibn Rushud psychiatric training hospital in Baghdad, Iraq This study has been done during the time extended from10th April to 20thof December 2020, and conducted on 400 married women,200 of them were women with addicted husbands, and200were women with no addicted husband. The inclusion criteria were married women living with her husband, and those women who voluntarily gave consent were included. Divorced widows and pregnant women are excluded. The questionnaire used was valid and reliable and appropriate to our society's culture furthermore it was used in a similar study done in the neighboring country. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, odds ratio (OR), and Kendall's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The overall mean score of violence was 70.47 ± 14.32 for the women with addicted husbands and 42.01 ± 7.50 for women with non-addicted spouses (P < 0.001). The mean score of psychological violence was 40.03 ± 5.03 in women with addicted spouses and 23.40 ± 4.26 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean score of physical violence was 23.71 ± 6.24 in women with addicted spouses and 15.50 ±3.76 in those with non-addicted husbands (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of sexual violence were 3.21 ± 2.11 and 2.92 ± 0.25 in women with and without addicted spouses, respectively (P < 0.001). Finally, the mean scores of financial violence were 2.10±0.94and 1.10 ± 0.23 for women with and without an addicted husband, respectively (P<0.001).
Result: The finding confirms the conclusion of other studies and reveals that the overall rate of violence was significantly higher among women with addicted spouses and especially if the spouse abused more than one type of substance.
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Torki, Mostafa A. "Achievement Motivation in College Women in an Arab Culture." Psychological Reports 56, no. 1 (February 1985): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.1.267.
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The present study was designed to explore the achievement motivation and fear of success in the Arab culture. Research was carried out in Kuwait, Lebanon, Quatar and Iraq on achievement motivation of men and women. The relationship between femininity and fear of success was studied. There were no differences in achievement motivation of Arab men and women in Kuwait, Lebanon, Quatar, and Iraq. There was no correlation between femininity and fear of success. The Kuwaiti women showed less fear of success than American women. Factors in the Arab culture which affect achievement motivation were discussed.
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Kareem Zghayyir Al-Saaidi, Sawsan, and Isra’a Raheem Abdul-Hussain. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Selected Non-Governmental Organizations’ Report on Violence against Women in Iraq." Arab World English Journal 13, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no3.29.
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Violence against women stands as one of the most dominant human rights violations. There are no social, economic, or national boundaries when it comes to violence against women. It is estimated that one in three women in the world will experience physical or sexual abuse at some point in their lives. Several non-governmental organizations’ reports have addressed the problem of violence against women in Iraq. Thus; the current study provides a critical analysis of the discursive techniques that are employed in the non-governmental organizations’ reports to show how Iraqi women are abused and subject to violence. Consequently; this study focuses on the linguistic and ideological underpinnings of a selected text on violence against women in Iraq. It attempts to show how language produces and maintains domination and abuse of power, engendering injustice, inequality, and ideological viewpoints. To answer this, the researchers draw upon van Dijk’s (2011) socio-cognitive approach and (2000) ideological analysis. The findings of the study have revealed that the non-governmental organizations’ report attempts to reflect the ideological position of the non-governmental organizations towards the Iraqi government, which declared its rejection of violence against women through its constitution and Panel Code. Despite this, the researchers have found that there is no actual adoption of these provisions in reality in its social context. Accordingly; the report has depended heavily on authority and evidentiality to show power relations and through the construction of reality based on societal perspectives. Using the linguistic and discoursal strategies employed in the analysis; the researchers have found that the report has materialized a negative attitude towards the government and society by referring to the power dominance which is exercised by social groups.
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Al-Jassani, Mohammad J. "Identification of Toxoplasmosis in Women by Serology in the Baghdad Province, Iraq." Journal of Communicable Diseases 55, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202327.
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Jassim Jaber, Hussein. "IRAQI WOMEN EXPOSURE TO MBC IRAQ SATELLITE CHANNEL PROGRAMS AND THE LIMITS ACHIE." Route Educational and Social Science Journal 8, no. 62 (January 1, 2021): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.2997.
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Oliver, Kelly. "Media Representations of Women and the “Iraq War”." Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 5, no. 12 (2010): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphilnepal201051213.
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Zangana, Haifa. "Walling in Iraq: the impact on Baghdadi women." International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies 4, no. 1&2 (July 2010): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcis.4.1-2.41_1.
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Simon, R. S. "NOGA EFRATI. Women in Iraq: Past Meets Present." American Historical Review 118, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/118.3.972.
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