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1
Satcher, Michelle. "Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors of African American women in the Southern United States." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/102.
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Vallellanes, Alicia Kay, and Kelley Ferris. "Social support and mental health outcomes in battered women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2884.
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This study examined the relationship between perceived social support and negative mental health outcomes in battered women. Correlations between perceived social support and depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were analyzed. Perceived social support, particularly from family members, was found to be significantly related to mental health outcomes. Results indicate that agencies that work with battered women should include social support in the assessment and intervention processes. The study utilized a quantitative survey design with a sample of 120 battered women from four domestic violence agencies throughout Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Quantitative data analysis procedures, such as multivariate analysis and logistic regression, were used to further examine variables. Samples of the instruments used in the study are included.
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Temple, Jeff R. "Effects of Partner Violence and Psychological Abuse on Women's Mental Health Over Time." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5340/.
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This study examined the distinct effects of partner violence and psychological abuse on women's mental health over time. Latent growth modeling was used to examine stability and change over time, evaluating the course and consequences of each form of abuse. The size of women's social support network was examined as a mediator. The sample consisted of 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women. Participants who completed Waves 1, 2, 3, and 5 were included in the study (n = 585). In general, partner violence decreased over time for all groups, while psychological abuse decreased over time for only Euro-American women. Whereas initial and prolonged exposure to psychological abuse was related to and directly impacted women's mental health, partner violence was only related to initial levels of mental health. Surprisingly, social support was only related to initial violence and distress and had no impact on the rate of change over time. These results have important implications for researchers and health care professionals. First, differences in the pattern of results were found for each ethnic group, reaffirming the notion that counselors and researchers must be sensitive to multicultural concerns in both assessment and intervention. For example, psychological abuse had a greater impact on the mental health of African American and Mexican American women than it did for Euro-American women, suggesting a shift in focus depending on the ethnicity of the client may be warranted. Second, this longitudinal study highlights the importance of future research to considerer individual differences in treating and studying victimized women. Understanding factors that contribute to individual trajectories will help counselors gain insight into the problem and in devising plans to prevent or reduce the occurrence and negative health impact of partner abuse.
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Abou-Ziab, Hoda. "Addressing stress and well-being among women of Arab descent living in the United States| Development of a training workshop for mental health professionals." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10169287.
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<p> Due to the increasing number of persons of Arab descent living in the United States, estimated at over 3.5 million in 2012, there has been a recognized need for a deeper understanding of acculturative, gender, and immigration-related stressors that Arab American women face. In response to this need, a one-day workshop for mental health professionals interested in or currently working with women of Arab descent living in the United States was developed. The workshop focuses on increasing knowledge of the various types of stress (e.g., acculturation, discrimination, gender role strain, parent-child relationships, care giver, familial, cultural expectations, work, school, etc.) experienced by Arab American women and providing culturally congruent stress reduction interventions. The development of the curriculum was informed by existing literature on people of Arab descent living in the United States, cultural issues in serving diverse populations, and stress management interventions. Interviews with 3 Arab American women were integrated with the literature and the 1-day workshop curriculum was developed. The curriculum was reviewed by 2 current practicing psychologists who rated the content, strengths, and weaknesses of the curriculum. Their feedback was incorporated into a compilation of suggestions and future directions for the refining and evaluating curriculum.</p>
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Varghese, Anitha. "Acculturation, Parental Control, and Adjustment among Asian Indian Women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3600/.
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The present study examines the relationship between acculturation, parental control, and psychological adjustment among adult first and second-generation Asian Indian women who have immigrated, or whose parents have immigrated to the United States, from the Indian state of Kerala. Data from 73 participants indicate second-generation immigrants report poorer psychological adjustment than do their counterparts. Additionally, regression analyses reveal discomfort towards Kerala culture significantly predicts depressive symptoms, while high maternal control predicts self-esteem. Qualitative data were collected to provide richer understanding of immigrants' adaptation to the U.S. Implications of this research may impact mental health practitioners' ability to improve quality of life with Asian Indian women from Kerala.
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Stein-Mccormick, Carmen Teresa. "Sisters in Arms: A case study of the experiences of women warriors in the United States Military." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3365.
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Presently there are few studies that describe the current experiences of women warriors relative to issues such as sexual hostility, sexual harassment, and other uncommon experiences during their military careers. Very little is known about how being a woman in a male-dominated military may affect women warriors' choices between making the military a career or returning to civilian life. With better understanding of women warriors' military experiences, mental health professionals, educators, and other human services professionals may have a better understanding of the issues that may affect women in the military. To date there are limited studies that have examined the effects of military experiences on the psychological and emotional well-being of women warriors. Whether its effects are positive, negative, contextual, or permanent is not yet known. This study supports the earlier research regarding the needs and unknown needs of women programs and the training of counselors and helping professionals. With the United States Military being one of the largest special populations, and women warriors making up 15% of that population, it is imperative that appropriate training becomes available for counselors, educators, and other helping professionals.
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Murillo, Sofia. "The Lived Experiences of Latina Women Immigrating to the United States: Adolescent Development and Acculturation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1527949738986007.
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Sveund, Jennifer. "The Experience of Qigong Among Women Cancer Survivors." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1506194798445608.
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Huerta, Serina. "Evaluating the Role of C-reactive Protein on Cognition and Depressive Symptoms Among Women by Mexican American Ethnicity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700036/.
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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein found in the blood that is synthesized by the liver and has been extensively studied due to its role in inflammatory and atherosclerotic processes. The importance of this biomarker in its role in vascular risk factors is increased with several lines of evidence pointing to its association with cognitive decline. The association between CRP and depression has been increasingly analyzed by various cross-sectional studies. The research between CRP and depressive symptoms in older women has yet to generate consistent trends. In the present study, a series of regression analyses was used to explore the association between CRP and both cognitive function and depressive symptomatology among a group of rural-dwelling women. Associations were evaluated through the use of data from Project FRONTIER, a rural-based research looking at both physical and cognitive aspects of health in rural-dwelling adults and elders. Comparisons were made between Mexican American women and a group of non-Hispanic Caucasian women. CRP was a significant independent predictor of total depression (beta = -.11, t = -1.99, p =.048). CRP was also a significant independent predictor of symptoms associated with meaningless within depression (beta = -.16, t = -2.94, p =.004). Contrary to prediction, CRP was not a significant independent predictor of overall cognitive function or performance in five specific cognitive domains. There is still needed evaluation on racial/ethnic differences present in regard to the impact of varied health factors on mental health within a culturally rich, rural cohort. It is recommended that future studies utilize standardized measurement of cognitive function to facilitate a more thorough understanding and comparison of change in this particular population.
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Lee, Jee Hyang. "A cross-cultural study of Hwa-Byung with middle-aged women between native Koreans in South Korea and Korean immigrants in the United States." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3638398.
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<p> Hwa-Byung, known as an anger illness, was conceptualized in Korean culture and listed in the glossary under Culture-Bound Syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Hwa-Byung develops when the emotions of anger have been suppressed for a long period of time and it becomes difficult to control those feelings. Common complaints of Hwa-Byung have two dimensions, psychological and physical symptoms. The prevalence of Hwa-Byung exhibits gender differences in that the majority of individuals who experience Hwa-Byung are women between the ages of 40 and 60. However, as the number of Korean immigrants in the United States continues to increase and their issues draw attention from researchers, the topic of Hwa-Byung receives little. Because Korean immigrants in the United States share a cultural background with their origin of ethnicity, and at the same time, may also assimilate the American culture during the acculturation process, this study will address the cultural differences in Hwa-Byung between native Koreans who live in South Korea and Korean immigrants in the United States. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences and similarities of Hwa-Byung in native Korean middle-aged women in South Korea and Korean immigrants in the United States, roughly between the age range of late-30's to middle 60's, by investigating the influencing factors of stressful life events, stress response, anger expression, and demographic background. </p><p> A sample size of at least 200 participants, required for each group, using both paper-pencil and web-based methods, depended on participants' preferences, which were influenced by a gap in ages and the level of familiarity with and/or ability to access Internet. Participants were randomly selected from major cities, both in South Korea (including Seoul, Incheon, Busan, Daejeon, and Gyeonggi Province) and the United States (including Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles), using similar proportions of ages for both groups for the equivalences of participants in cross-cultural research. </p><p> Survey measures included five instruments: (a) the Hwa-Byung scale (Kwon, Kim, Park, Lee, Min, & Kwon, 2008); (b) Life Stress for Korean women (Chon & Kim, 2003); (c) stress response inventory (SRI) (Koh, Park, & Kim, 2000); (d) anger expression (Hahn, Chon, Lee, & Spielberger, 1997), and (e) demographic background that measured the variables used in this study. To minimize the weakness of language differences used in the different cultural contexts, survey packages for Korean immigrant participants in the United States were formatted in both Korean and English for each item. Thus, a translation process became necessary, especially for the Korean instruments of the Hwa-Byung Scale, Life Stress for Korean women and Stress Response Inventory (SRI), from Korean into Englishtwo of which were (originally developed by Korean researchers) . On the other hand, native Koreans submitted only the Korean version of questionnaires because they fully understood the meaning of questionnaire statements, as well as in order to get rid of possible distractions by the inclusion of English sentences.</p>
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Okoro, Emmanuel Xavier. "Substance Abuse and Mental Illness among Youth in the United States." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10937916.
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<p> Despite the trends showing a reduction in the use and abuse of drugs among American adolescents, the prevalence rates remain high. There is also comorbidity of mental illnesses among the adolescents using drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and nature of the association between the use and abuse of marijuana and alcohol and mental illnesses among the American adolescent population. The noted comorbidities and the hypothesized association between the substance abuse and mental illnesses were explained using the expectancy theory. Using a quantitative research methodology, secondary data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. Data analysis yielded a positive but weak association between use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana through proxies such as marijuana use in the past month (<i>p</i> = 0.01), first use of marijuana (<i> p</i> = 0.016), alcohol use disorder in the past year (<i>p</i> = 0.002), alcohol dependence in the past year (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and the occurrence of mental illnesses. The association was statistically significant in all proxies except alcohol use in the past month. <i> F</i>-test results were also statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.022, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.242). The findings showed that adolescents who used marijuana and alcohol were more likely to develop mental illnesses. It is recommended for relevant federal and state governments and public health agencies to develop social programs to address the two issues inclusively rather than exclusively.</p><p>
12
Kim, Eunha. "Mental health practitioners in South Korea and United States occupational stress, theoretical orientation and psychological interest /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1151364800.
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Carter, Zena R. "Determinants of HIV Screening among Adult Women in the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/23.
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BACKGROUND: Women represent more than one quarter of all new HIV/AIDS diagnoses; in particular, women of color are disproportionately affected. Early detection and knowledge of HIV status are essential in the management and prevention of the disease. Further research is needed to extensively investigate predictors of HIV/AIDS screening among minority women. OBJECTIVES: 1) To estimate the rate of HIV screening among U.S. adult women, ages 18-64; and 2) to identify determinants of HIV screening among this population. METHODS: The 2006 National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was utilized. Female respondents aged 18-64 (N=160,388) were included in the analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine predictors of HIV screening. RESULTS: Nearly 39% of the women reported that they were screened for HIV in their lifetime. Being Black, 25-34 years old, having a lower income, unemployed, unmarried, having fair or poor health and lack of healthcare coverage were significant predictors of having HIV screening. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Black, young, unmarried and women with a lower socioeconomic status were more likely to receive HIV screening. However, efforts need to be made to target other populations such as the elderly.
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Meléndez-Figueroa, Leocadio. "Relationships of smoking behavior, health beliefs, and health values to intention to smoke among pregnant women in a military health care setting /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Holtz, Pamela M. "Personality and Mental Health Attitudes Among US Army ROTC Cadets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700103/.
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With the current military mental health crisis, it is important to understand the role of the leader in military mental health. First, the impact of military leader behaviors on the well-being of military personnel is reviewed. Next, the role of leader attitudes as a precursor to leader behaviors is discussed. The relation of leader behaviors to leader personality using the NEO Five Factor Model (FFM) is reviewed, as well as the relation of prejudicial attitudes to the NEO FFM personality factors. A research project is described that attempted to draw these concepts together, assessing the NEO FFM personality dimensions and mental health attitudes of US Army ROTC cadets, the future leaders of the US Army. No significant relations were observed between NEO FFM personality traits and mental health attitudes, even after controlling for Impression Management. Also, the predicted positive correlation between positive mental health attitudes and Impression Management was not found. These results suggest that more research and more refined measures are needed in the area of leader attitudes toward soldier mental health problems, and how those attitudes might impact the soldiers.
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Adeyemi, Mosunmola. "Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Among African Women Living in the United States." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605324.
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<p> More than half of the incidents and mortality rates from cervical cancer occur among minority groups, including immigrant women from continental Africa living in the United States. Although researchers have examined cervical cancer screening practices among minority populations, including Black women in Africa and in the United States, there are few studies on cervical cancer screening and associated risk factors, specifically among African women living in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between selected factors and cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women living in the United States. Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a theoretical basis, this cross-sectional quantitative study was focused on determining the association between family income, level of education, language of interview, insurance status, age, and perceived health status and cancer screening practices. Data on 572 African immigrant women from the National Health Interview Survey in 2005, 2008, and 2010 were used for the study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Key findings indicate that family income, education level, and age were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women in the United States. Findings from the study support positive social change by targeting at-risk groups for cervical cancer screening programs. The long-term goal of early cervical cancer screening is to lower cervical cancer rates among African immigrant women in the United States. The findings from the study can be used by community health professionals to provide education that can lead to utilization of cervical cancer screening services based on guidelines and recommendations.</p>
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Mupinga, Emily E. "Adjustment Experiences of Zimbabwean International Students Studying in the United States and Their Perception of United States Mental Health Counseling." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1522429226571264.
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Minter, Anne Ridgely. "Predictors of Sun Protection Practices Among Adult Women in the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2194.
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Tadisetty, Srikanth. "Prediction of Psychosis Using Big Web Data in the United States." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532962079970169.
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Dumas, Tracey C. "An analysis of depression and social support among Blacks in the United States /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072579.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-120). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ahmed, Shamshad. "Mental health of Muslims living in a southeastern city in the United States." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07282005-105451/.
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This study sought to determine if differences exist in the level of anxiety and depression in Muslims from Arab and non-Arab countries living in America. Beck (1967) proposed that the essential component of a depressive disorder is a negative cognitive set; that is, the tendency to view the self, the future, and the world in a dysfunctional manner. In this study, depression was measured using Beck?s Depression Inventory. The results show that Muslims from Arab countries scored higher in depression relative to Muslims from non-Arab countries. According to Spielberger (1966, p. 41,) trait anxiety refers to relatively stable individual differences in anxiety-proneness; that is, differences between people in the tendency to perceive a stressful situation as dangerous or threatening, and to respond to such situations with elevations in the intensity of their state anxiety (S-Anxiety) reactions. This study found that Muslims from Arab and non-Arab countries differed significantly from Muslims form Arab countries for depression, state and trait anxiety. National and international circumstances and events may help account for these differences. Probable origins and possible diagnosis for depression and anxiety in Muslims who immigrated to America are discussed here.
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Wandera, Apollo. "Investigating Dropout From Mental Health Care Among Somali Immigrants in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5808.
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African immigrants and refugees drop out of mental health care at a higher rate than other populations in the United States. However, there is a significant lack of research on mental health treatment or reasons for dropping out of mental health treatment among African immigrants and refugees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences with mental health treatment of Somali immigrants and refugees living in the United States. Eight Somali immigrants and refugees living in a midwestern state, were interviewed, and their accounts with the mental health system in the United States were recorded. A phenomenological method was used to develop and then to analyze data from the interview questions and generate common themes across participants. The findings revealed that respondents perceived mental health challenges in a negative way. Many respondents thought that such mental health diseases were caused by being cursed or demon possessed, and that these challenges were compounded by culture shock and language barriers for the Somali immigrants and refugees, and they perceived a lack of cultural sensitivity and awareness among mental health providers. Participants also perceived the mental health care system and providers in a negative way, because they believed providers lacked the cultural knowledge to support them. Similar studies reviewed in literature showed a strong interplay of both cultural and religious factors driving the high dropout rate from mental health treatment among immigrants and refugees. Information from this study could help mental health systems and individual practitioners to better understand the barriers and cultural values that can interfere with successful mental health treatment for Somali immigrants and refugees, and aid in expanding the discussion about mental health treatment for African immigrants and refugees.
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Adeyemi, Mosunmola. "Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Among African Women Living in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1105.
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More than half of the incidents and mortality rates from cervical cancer occur among minority groups, including immigrant women from continental Africa living in the United States. Although researchers have examined cervical cancer screening practices among minority populations, including Black women in Africa and in the United States, there are few studies on cervical cancer screening and associated risk factors, specifically among African women living in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between selected factors and cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women living in the United States. Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a theoretical basis, this cross-sectional quantitative study was focused on determining the association between family income, level of education, language of interview, insurance status, age, and perceived health status and cancer screening practices. Data on 572 African immigrant women from the National Health Interview Survey in 2005, 2008, and 2010 were used for the study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Key findings indicate that family income, education level, and age were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women in the United States. Findings from the study support positive social change by targeting at-risk groups for cervical cancer screening programs. The long-term goal of early cervical cancer screening is to lower cervical cancer rates among African immigrant women in the United States. The findings from the study can be used by community health professionals to provide education that can lead to utilization of cervical cancer screening services based on guidelines and recommendations.
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Salt, Rebekah. "An ethnography of women participating in a United States microcredit program /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7186.
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Frailing, Kelly. "Balancing treatment and justice : a study of two U.S. mental health courts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609176.
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Batcha, Jacqueline. "Assessing Breast Cancer Screening Among Cameroonian Women in the United States of America." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7529.
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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Nonadherence to recommended screening guidelines and lack of screening contribute to late stage diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality among racial and ethnic women in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess breast cancer screening practices, knowledge, and beliefs among Cameroonian immigrant women who were 40 years and older living in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. region. This quantitative cross-sectional study was guided by the health belief model and used the revised version of Champion's health belief model scale. A convenience sample (N=267) responded to a 60-item self-administered online survey that assessed knowledge of breast cancer screening, demographic variables, constructs of the health belief model and adherence (defined as obtaining a mammogram within two years). Data analyses performed included descriptive analysis, correlational and multiple linear regression. Results of this study revealed that increased level of education and self-efficacy were associated with greater knowledge of the benefits of mammography. Additionally, women who had more self-efficacy in obtaining a mammogram, perceived less cultural barriers, lived longer in the United States, and who had a regular healthcare provider were more likely to be adherent. Study findings suggest that positive social change can be achieved by empowering women to take control of their health. Efforts promoting awareness of breast cancer screening guidelines and facilitating access to a regular healthcare provider could significantly increase uptake of screening services and lead to better health outcomes and reduced mortality.
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Kabuiku, Jane Itumbi. "Immigration's Impact on Emerging Mental Health Issues Among Kenyans in the Northeast United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2188.
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Immigrants lose their unique psychosocial context when their experiences are subsumed under pan ethnic labels such as Hispanics, Latina/o, Asians or Africans. The stress from navigating different cultural contexts becomes problematic when immigrants operate within mainstream cultural norms that are in conflict with their traditional values. The number of Kenyan immigrants to the United States has steadily increased since the 1980s. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to study the lived experience of Kenyan immigrants by focusing on their integration experience and how the integration processes may have affected their mental health. Very few studies center on the psychological impact of the integration processes on Africans, while even fewer studies focus on Kenyans. The results of the study could be used by helping professionals to assist Kenyan immigrants with mental health problems as well as policy makers on immigration issues in both Kenya and the United States. Future Kenyan immigrants to the United States can also use this information as they prepare to migrate. The transition theory and social constructionism theory were used as the theoretical lens for this study. Data were collected using semi structured interviews conducted with 7 Kenyan men and women over the age of 18 from Northeastern United States who had immigrated from 1996 to the present day. Coding was used to analyze the data by cross-case analysis to search for themes and patterns. Data analysis revealed discrimination, alienation, shame, overcompensation, and cultural shock among other issues faced by immigrants, but from the Kenyan immigrants' perspective.
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Habeeb-Silva, Rebecca Joie. "Resettlement Challenges for Refugees in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/285.
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This study explored the resettlement-related challenges that refugees encounter in the United States (U.S.). It utilized a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews with three refugee families from different countries of origin: Afghanistan, Burma, and Iraq. The interviews were analyzed through a system of coding and categorization in order to develop themes of commonly reported challenges across participants. Six dominant themes of resettlement‑related challenges were identified: employment, financial insecurities, bureaucracy, English language competency, family separation, and unfulfilled expectations and hope. The participants also reported that these challenges had negative effects on their mental health and described feeling worried and depressed. The data was conceptualized utilizing Berry’s (2008) acculturation framework, and it was found that the families utilized the acculturation strategy of integration. Recommendations are provided for volunteer programs in which Americans assist newly resettled refugee families as well as for policies that are more adaptive to refugees’ needs and that uphold the values of diversity and create a welcoming environment for refugees.
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Del, Rio Jassmin. "Racial Disparities in Maternal Mortality Rates in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2153.
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Introduction: The Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in 1987 was 7.2 deaths per 100,000 live births compared to 18.0 deaths in 2015. This increase in MMR has occurred disproportionately. The same report demonstrates that black women are more than 3 times as likely to die of pregnancy-related causes than non-Hispanic white women. The present study explores how structural differences in the economy, education system, and public policy affect the health of black, pregnant women in the U.S.
Methods: This research examined epidemiological studies of maternal mortality in the U.S. Data from previous studies was used to investigate the relationship between the racial disparity in MMR and societal, economic, and political factors that contribute to said relationship. Data from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), the U.S. Census Bureau, the United Nations (UN), and the Claremont Colleges Library network was examined.
Results: Studies show that between 2008-2012, black women were found to have the greatest prevalence of preexisting conditions prior to pregnancy. Furthermore, white women are more likely to have their labor induced than black, Asian, and Hispanic women. The increased prevalence of preexisting conditions among black women can be greatly attributed to factors stemming from institutional racism. These factors include less access to health care, education, and equal economic opportunities.
Conclusion: Implicit bias among practicing health professionals must be addressed via multiethnic education. It is necessary to create an equally safe environment for women of all races. Additionally, health care providers should take on the responsibility of educating pregnant women about any possible preexisting chronic conditions to properly care for themselves. Prenatal health education must be made readily available and accessible to all demographics. Reports demonstrate that the creation of standardized, disease-specific procedures that target chronic conditions may reduce the U.S. MMR. For black women to overcome the current rates of comorbidity, U.S. public policy must change in a way that decreases the disparity in the socioeconomic status of all Americans.
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Richardson, Theresa Marianne Rupke. "The century of the child : the mental hygiene movement and social policy in the United States and Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27518.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics between professional knowledge and the power to construct social realities. The focus is on the institutions which contributed to mental hygiene as a protocol for public policies directed toward children. The social history of the child in the twentieth century is juxtaposed with shifts in the configurations of private and public institutions in a sociology of mental illness.
The mental hygiene movement created one of the twentieth century's major paradigms. Mental hygiene was conceptualized as the development of a science of promoting mental health and preventing mental illness. The' working premise of the movement was that early life experiences determined adult competence and constituted the root cause of major social problems from crime and dependency to labour unrest and war. The National Committee for Mental Hygiene was established in the United States in 1909 and a second National Committee was established in Canada in 1918. Mental hygienists developed an ideology of child oriented prevention in public health, welfare and educational policies which legitimated public intervention into the private spheres of family relations and child rearing.
The idea of mental hygiene was based on a medical model and as such it was part of the new psychiatry and public health movements of the Progressive Era. As a paradigm mental hygiene fostered the identification of children according to scientific standards. Mental hygiene contributed to the transformation of juvenile delinquency into a psychiatry of maladjustment in childhood. As a positivistic approach to public health, mental hygiene research elaborated criteria to determine age related stages of normal psychological and biological progress.
Mental hygiene was a product of professional researchers and policy makers. The knowledge base of mental hygiene grew with the expansion of higher education in the United States especially in regard to scientific medicine. The medical model was subsequently applied to research in the behavioural and social sciences. Scientific philanthropy provided funds for research, professional education, and the distribution of knowledge. The accumulation of monetary resources by nineteenth century entrepreneurial capitalists, who applied these funds to further the growth of scientific models, were a sustaining factor in twentieth century mental hygiene.
The agents of power described as part of the mental hygiene movement include: 1) the National Committees for Mental Hygiene in the United States and Canada; and, 2) general purpose foundations in Rockefeller related philanthropy and the Commonwealth Fund. By mid-century, the federal, state/provincial and local governments of the United States and Canada had assumed major aspects of the former role of the National Committees and philanthropy in mental health advocacy.
The theoretical foundation of mental hygiene evolved in conjunction with the development of the scientific method as applied to preventive medicine, especially in fields related to psychiatry. Mental hygiene was a primary carrier of the medical model into applied disciplines in the social and health sciences. The professionalization of education, social welfare and psychology, as imbued with mental hygiene, translated technological change into revised concepts of public and private spheres in relationship to family and child life.
The medicalization of human differences limited the potential for radical revisions in social organization. It justified unequal access to political and economic power on the basis of psychological and biological characteristics. The mental hygiene paradigm served to maintain established social configurations in the face of social change. The function of justifying inequalities was especially important in the United States but less so in Canada for reasons of the timing of nation-building, national history, character, and culture.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Hanna, Isis. "Delivering culturally appropriate healthcare to Mexican immigrant women." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/678.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the experiences of United States America nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women; it focused on the language and cultural barriers that appear to be critical factors in delivering culturally appropriate healthcare. The questions that guided the research were: What adjustment issues .related to providing culturally appropriate healthcare to female Mexican patients do nurses have to face? What specific knowledge, skills can nurses learn to handle issues of cultural differences in patient care?
Ten U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women were interviewed; from these interviews, critical incidents were developed specific to caring for female Mexican women issues. Subsequently four bi-lingual bi-cultural Mexican women reviewed the incidents; their comments and incidents were incorporated into a cultural sensitizer to be used in future trainings of U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women.
My research shows that in attempting to make sense of ambiguous situations, U.S. American nurses tend to attribute the cause of Mexican immigrant women behavior through their own cultural filter. For this research, I identified salient intercultural concepts and skills that should be taught to U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women. These intercultural skills, knowledge, and concepts are incorporated into the cultural sensitizer I designed and can be found in Chapter VI.
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Ilouno, Benedicta Ngozi. "Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Hispanic Women in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1784.
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Minority women groups in the United States have the highest incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. Hispanic women have the highest incidence rate and the second highest mortality rate of the disease. Researchers have examined the lower rates of cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women, as compared to other groups of U.S. women, but researchers have not examined the extent to which socioeconomic status, acculturation, and sexual activity impact Hispanic women's compliance with screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between compliance with cervical cancer screening and acculturation, socioeconomic status, and sexual activity among U.S. Hispanic women. The framework for investigating the extent of association between these identified barriers and willingness to comply with screening was the behavioral model for vulnerable populations. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze data from the National Health Interview Survey for 2011, 2012, and 2013, focusing on U.S. Hispanic women ages 21 - 65 (N = 739). The findings from this study revealed that educational level was significantly associated with U.S. Hispanic women's cervical cancer screening; however, no statistically significant associations were found for socioeconomic status, acculturation, and sexual activity and screening rates for this group. Findings from this study can better inform researchers and others of the lower rate of screening for cervical cancer among U.S. Hispanic women. The findings will also promote positive social change by targeting U.S. Hispanic women and other minority women groups for programs that promote cervical cancer screening.
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Eaton-Stull, Yvonne. "Action research to expand HOPE Animal-Assisted Crisis Response (AACR) teams in the United States." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3630200.
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<p> Millions of people are adversely affected by crises and disasters each year. Response to disasters relies heavily on volunteer organizations to assist in the aftermath of these traumatic events. HOPE Animal-Assisted Crisis Response (AACR) is one organization that provides needed support to those impacted by way of specially trained crisis dogs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of these certified teams able to effectively respond. The research question for this study was how can HOPE AACR expand (recruit and train qualified new teams) into currently unoccupied areas. This question was answered through collaborative action research (AR) with this organization's members, those who possess the specialized knowledge and training for AACR work. Due to the fact that the nature of this AR did not contain sensitive information that posed risk to participants and that written permission was obtained to use the site name, an exemption was granted to name the site in this study. In particular, this study worked with regional directors in charge of various areas of the U.S., elected board of directors responsible for oversight and approval of organizational changes, and a group of current certified volunteer team members. Participants engaged in various interviews and focus groups in order to share perspectives and experiences to solve the identified problem. Through this AR process, this research team determined a plan of action (target area for expansion and strategies to recruit and train new members). The goal of this study was to document a process which can be refined and re-used for future expansion efforts. Implementation of this action plan will also result in expanded territory, increased ability to meet requests for services, and ultimately enhanced recovery for those exposed to crises and disasters. </p><p> <i>Keyword:</i> Animal-Assisted Crisis Response</p>
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Castro, Amanda E. "MENTAL HEALTH MEMORIES: A WEB-BASED ARCHIVE FOR MENTAL HEALTH STORIES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/517.
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The Mental Health Memories project is an online archive created in order to display and preserve the personal histories of those with mental health experiences. The project aims to fill a void in available material culture related to the history of mental health and its preservation. Participants’ contributions include: oral histories, personal items, documents, and audio. Bringing together multimedia sources, the MHMemories website allows for the preservation of these items and stories through the digitization of contributions. This method allows for participants’ items to stay in their possession while also becoming part of the archive. In order to recruit participants, the Mental Health Memories project teamed up with the Psychiatric Stories Archive, based at California State University San Bernardino, and the San Bernardino County Behavioral Health Clubhouse. Three collection days facilitated the gathering of materials. The final product is the MHMemories.org/.com website which showcases the contributions of participants. The Mental Health Memories project helps to illustrate the diversity of mental health experiences.
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White, John H. (John Hubert). "Evolution Incidence and Components of U.S. Police Agency Mental Health Services." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330895/.
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Postal survey research was conducted between September and November, 1986, to gather information concerning the evolution, existence and extent of mental health services available to police personnel. Questionnaires were mailed to all 366 municipal, county, and state police agencies in the United States that employed 200 or more workers. Usable data were obtained from 76.8% of the agencies surveyed.
Of the 281 respondents who returned usable data, 65.1% reported the existence of mental health services available to their police personnel. The majority of respondents (58.6%) perceived their mental health programs as being equally reactive and preventive in orientation. The most frequently reported existing components were outside agency counseling, stress management seminars, and testing of potential police recruits. Over half (54.8%) of the responding police agencies reported having between 10 and 19 components in their respective mental health programs. The implementation dates and evolution of twenty-five (25) components were examined, and specific components of various police agencies were also revealed.
The majority of respondents (70.7%) reported their mental health programs were available to sworn and nonsworn personnel and their families. Almost all respondents (98.3%) viewed their programs as being cost effective. Also, most agencies were satisfied with the four treatment resources listed, which included in-house counseling, outside agency counseling, hospital in-patient programs, and alcohol/drug rehabilitation centers. Slightly over half (50.8%) of the respondents stated their service programs were entitled "Employee Assistance Program." Of the 300 staff workers holding mental health degrees, 101 were reported to have doctoral degrees in psychology. The most frequently reported personality theory utilized by staff members was eclecticism (48.5%).
The prevailing high interest in police mental health services is discussed as well as possible reasons why some police managers may be apathetic towards the implementation of such services. Ways of educating police managers as to the benefits of police mental health programs are listed as well as topics for future research.
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Ude, Assumpta Onyinye. "Hypertension Experience of Foreign-born West African Immigrant Women in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6287.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign-born African immigrants (FBAI) have a high rate of severe hypertension (HTN) and psychosocial-cultural factors have underlying roles in this, as in other chronic diseases. Literature lacks studies on FBAI women living with HTN. This study explored the HTN experience of FBAI women in the Washington Metropolitan area. This qualitative phenomenological study, was guided by a theoretical framework that included the Health Belief Model, Patient Centered Access to Health Care and the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Highly educated health care professional of 15 women participated in in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Key findings included (a) most had a family history of HTN and believed HTN is deadly but reported going into denial after their initial diagnosis; (b) many did not practice lifestyle modifications and did not consider it a priority to take their medications as prescribed by their clinicians; (c) many preferred their ethnic foods to American food; (d) many used herbs from West Africa, though some were concerned about long-term side effects; (e) many had medical insurance and easy access to HTN services, but reported that clinicians did not listen to their concerns or provide culturally appropriate guidance; and (f) some recommended that HTN treatment services for FBAI should be designed better to address cultural patterns of communication, diet and exercise. The results of this study may contribute to social change by offering more culturally sensitive HTN services that would likely increase treatment compliance among FBAI women
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Smith, Megan Theresa, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Mental wellness in United Arab Emirates female post-secondary students." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. :|bUniversity of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education,|c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3078.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of mental illness in a nonrandom
sample of undergraduate female Emirati students in the United Arab Emirates. In
addition, students’ views and attitudes towards counselling were solicited. One hundred
and twenty-three women completed Golberg and Hillier’s (1979) 28-item scaled version
of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The GHQ-28 revealed a high prevalence
of mental illness (51%) among the students surveyed, using a GHQ-28 threshold of eight.
Furthermore, students reported they held favourable views towards counselling despite
never having sought counselling services. The differences between American/European
and Arab views of mental illness are explored as one of several limitations to this study.
Recommendations for future research are noted.<br>xii, 117 leaves ; 29 cm
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Utin, Enobong Clement. "Breast Cancer Screening Knowledge and Beliefs of Nigerian Women Living in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7515.
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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. Although mammogram has been identified as a significant breast screening tool in the United States, researchers have indicated that African-born women in the United States are diagnosed with advanced stages of breast cancer because of underutilization of mammogram from diverse reasons. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the association of demographic factors, breast cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and the utilization of mammogram among Nigerian women, 40 years and older in the United States (N=200). The study was guided by the health belief model and questionnaire was the data collection instrument used. Logistic regression analysis revealed that demographic variables, specifically age and length of residency in the United States have statistically significant effect on the odds of utilization of mammogram among the Nigerian women in the U.S. at p < 0.05. Also, according to the study results, breast cancer knowledge has a statistically significant effect on the utilization of mammogram at p <0.05. Additionally, health beliefs regarding breast cancer have significant effect on utilization of mammogram among Nigerian women 40 years and older in the U.S at p <0.05. The study findings will help in developing breast health programs for immigrant women, especially Nigerians in the U.S. to make informed decisions about timely utilization of mammographic services. Furthermore, the outcome of this study could enhance research, enlighten the health providers, and policymakers to develop culture sensitive preventive breast health programs that are appropriate to diverse women populations in the United States.
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Marano, Kristin Marie. "Acculturation, Inflammation, and Depression Among Hispanic Adults in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2034.
Full textAbstract:
Disparities exist in the recognition and treatment of depression among Hispanics in the United States, creating a social, ethical, economic, and public health burden. This study was designed to generate an improved understanding of the causes of and/or contributors to depression within this population. It was specifically designed to 1) assess the prevalence and severity of depression among Hispanic adults in the United States relative to adults of other race/ethnicities in the United States; 2) clarify the inconsistent results in the literature concerning the relationship between acculturation and depression among Hispanic adults in the United States; and 3) fill a gap in the literature by evaluating the potential for inflammation to mediate the relationship between acculturation and depression among Hispanic adults in the United States. The biopsychosocial model was used as a theoretical foundation for this study. Data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed descriptively and via logistic regression. Findings confirmed higher prevalence of depression among Hispanic adults compared with non-Hispanic White adults, and that a lower degree of acculturation was consistently associated with a decreased likelihood of depression among Hispanics. No mediating effect of inflammation on the relationship between acculturation and depression was observed. The findings from this study are intended for use by health care providers, health educators, and public health practitioners to improve depression prevention, diagnosis, and treatment opportunities within this population and to accordingly to affect positive social change.
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Wilson, Cynthia Louise. "Social Workers' Perceptions of the Effects on United States Soldiers of Multiple Deployments." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7446.
Full textAbstract:
Military personnel who have served during Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation New Dawn have experienced longer and more frequent deployments than U.S. personnel involved in any previous conflict. These multiple tours in combat zones have resulted in complex psychosocial needs for military personnel. The goal of this action research study was to understand social workers' perceptions and experiences of military personnel who experienced 3 or more deployments in a combat zone. The theoretical foundation for the study was narrative theory. Research questions sought to understand the social workers' perceptions of the psychosocial treatment needs of these veterans, to understand the social workers' experiences in providing services to address their needs, and whether participants perceived that the services provided were enhancing the mental and social well-being of the veterans. Data were collected from a focus group of 8 master's-degree-level social workers who worked with veterans with multiple deployments. Data were analyzed using descriptive coding to determine categories and themes. Findings included increased incidents of posttraumatic stress disorder and complex psychosocial needs, the importance of evidence-based practice and successful reintegration, clinical considerations, and potential barriers to effective service. Findings also focused on the importance of organizational support and continuing education for social workers providing these services. The findings of this study might be used to promote positive social change by highlighting the need for ongoing education for social workers, organizations, and society to provide informed evidence-based treatment for veterans who have experienced multiple deployments.
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Sanchez, Phyllis Nancy 1957. "CLIENT DEMOGRAPHICS AND FEE PAYMENT IN A PREDOMINANTLY MINORITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTER." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275461.
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Tuntiya, Nana. "The Forgotten History: The Deinstitutionalization Movement in the Mental Health Care System in the United States." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000112.
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Hasson, III Robert G. "Unaccompanied Children in the United States: Mental Health, Adversity and Employment as Markers of Immigrant Integration." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108383.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas M. Crea<br>Unaccompanied children have arrived at the US border in increasing numbers since 2012, reaching a peak of 59,692 children apprehended at the US border in 2016. This dissertation includes three studies to better understand the characteristics of integration as experienced by unaccompanied children who arrive to the US. The first study examines rates of PTSD in a sample of unaccompanied children receiving post release services. This study also includes a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the theoretical structure of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). The second study examines factors associated with adversity experienced by unaccompanied children who are exiting a long term foster care program. The third study examines factors associated with employment outcomes for unaccompanied children exiting the Unaccompanied Refugee Minor (URM) federal foster care program. Together, the three studies comprise an exploratory dissertation that sheds light on the characteristics of two primary features of immigrant integration, namely mental health and employment<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work<br>Discipline: Social Work
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Kapadia, Dharmi. "How are social networks associated with mental health service use? : a comparison between Pakistani women, and women of other ethnic groups in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/how-are-social-networks-associated-with-mental-health-service-use-a-comparison-between-pakistani-women-and-women-of-other-ethnic-groups-in-the-united-kingdom(3f997895-438c-4ba8-81d2-cd8b720681f0).html.
Full textAbstract:
Pakistani women in the UK have high levels of mental illness, alongside low levels of outpatient mental health service use, compared with women of other ethnic groups. Further, previous studies have suggested that Pakistani women have particularly low levels of social support, and high levels of social isolation which may reduce their chances of coming into contact with mental health services. However, to date, there has been little empirical evidence to support this. This thesis investigated the mental health service use, social networks' structure and function, and the relationship between the two, for Pakistani women compared with women of other ethnic groups. This was done using a systematic review of the relevant literature, and statistical modelling using two large nationally representative datasets from the UK. The first dataset, Understanding Society, was used to formulate latent classes of support networks, subsequently used in regression models to compare the support available in Pakistani women's networks with women of other ethnic groups. The second dataset, Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community (EMPIRIC), was used to ascertain the influence of social networks (perceived social support, contact with relatives and friends, network composition, and size) on the use of outpatient mental health services, using logistic regression modelling. These data were also used to build a structural equation model to test the direct and indirect effects of social networks on outpatient mental health service usage, via their impact on mental illness. Pakistani women (along with Bangladeshi women) had the lowest rate of mental health service use, compared with women in other ethnic groups. Further Pakistani women were more likely to be socially isolated than White majority women, but there were largely no differences between Pakistani women and other ethnic minority women in the structure and function of social networks. Finally, there was evidence to suggest that social networks indirectly reduced mental health service use via their impact on mental illness. There were only small ethnic differences in the indirect effect of social networks on mental health service use, and these differences did not explain Pakistani women's under-use of mental health services.
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Galloway, Alison. "Long term effects of reproductive history on bone mineral content in women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184477.
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Bone loss among the elderly is of increasing concern to the medical community. In a study combining retrospective data on 438 women from southern Arizona and current bone mineral values determined at the one-third distal radius, the effects of premenopausal reproductive events on postmenopausal bone mineral are investigated. Among those women who reach menarche at an early age are some whose growth is not accompanied by normal height and long bone growth. These women tend to exhibit lower bone mineral density postmenopausally. In addition, the early accumulation of weight in excess of height and a later age at menarche appears to result in wider bones still observed postmenopausally. Pregnancy normally is accompanied by an acceleration of calcium accumulation in excess of the fetal demand. However, parity appears to have little significant impact on postmenopausal bone mineral status. However, women pregnant during their teens tend to accumulate a greater amount of bone than women who first become pregnant later. These benefits to the teenage mother can be lost during lactation, an impairment of the skeleton which may continue into the postmenopausal years. The skeleton appears to require a recovery period between pregnancy and lactation cycles. Inadequate recovery time, particularly when accompanied by advanced maternal age, may have adverse effects on postmenopausal bone mineral status.
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Malinajdovska, Ljubica Blaze. "THE ACCULTURATION OF MACEDONIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1164919385.
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Mahmoud, Nadia Mohamed. "Health locus-of-control, health beliefs and family planning behavior among Middle Eastern women living in the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186495.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of the relationships among health locus of control, health beliefs and family planning behavior among Middle Eastern women living temporarily in the United States. A correlational descriptive design was used. A convenience sample of 80 Middle Eastern women were chosen as representatives for this study from the University of Arizona Family Housing, Tucson Islamic Center, Saudi Arabian Student Club, and the University of Arizona International Student Center. Four instruments were utilized to collect data: (1) Health Locus of Control Scale, (2) Modified Health Belief Instrument, (3) Demographic/Preferences Data Tool, and (4) Family Planning Survey. Data analysis included use of descriptive statistics to summarize the differences between the two groups (adequate and inadequate contraceptive users) on each set of health belief variables, health locus of control variables and demographic/preferences variables. Significant findings on the health belief and health locus of control instruments, separately and together was followed by stepwise discriminant analysis to identify the variables on which the groups differ and the nature of the dimensions on which they differ. The study findings indicated that adequate contraceptive users perceived the seriousness of pregnancy and benefits of contraception, while inadequate contraceptive users perceived barriers of contraception. On the other hand adequate contraceptive users had self-control over health, belief in provider control over health, had less general health threat, and more health value than inadequate contraceptive users. Four variables in the health belief and health locus of control scales were included in a discriminant function analysis. This indicated that general health, self-control over health, barriers of contraception and seriousness of pregnancy variables fully differentiated the two groups.
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Anderson, Carlin Mahan. "A test of an etiological model: The development of disordered eating in Division-I university female gymnasts and swimmers/divers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12073/.
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Certain sport environments may contribute to the development of disordered eating and those that heavily emphasize weight and/or body shape can be particularly damaging to an athlete's body image, self-concept, and eating behaviors. In particular, female athletes in collegiate sports are at a greater risk for engaging in unhealthy behaviors because they face both societal pressures from Western culture to be thin, in addition to sport pressures that focus on performance and appearance. According to the American Medical Association almost half of American women are trying to lose weight, illustrating that societal pressures alone to be thin and attractive can influence the development of disordered eating. Athletes are exposed to the same sociocultural pressures as their nonathlete counterparts, and would be expected to have similar feelings about their bodies as women in general. Add subsequent pressures like team "weigh-ins," coaches' body comp preferences, judges' critiques, revealing attire, and endurance/strength demands, and the stage is set for the development of disordered eating. In the current study, participants were 414 Division-I female gymnasts, swimmers/divers, and they completed self-report measures assessing sport pressures, body satisfaction and disordered eating behavior to test Petrie & Greenleaf's etiological model. Results indicate that sport pressures do lead directly to dietary restraint, a precursor to disordered eating, and are not always mediated through internalization and body dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that decreasing and intervening with perceived sport pressures may lessen the risk of female athletes developing an eating disorder.
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Sun, Qi. "Assessing Social Determinants of Severe Mental Illness in High-Risk Groups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500085/.
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The primary objective of this research was to explore the impact of possible social factors on non-institutionalized adults 18 years of age or older residing in the United States who exhibited severe mental illness (SMI). A holistic sociological model was developed to explain SMI by incorporating elements of social learning theory, social disorganization theory, and gender socialization theory with social demographic factors. Based on the holistic sociological model, the following factors were investigated: demographic aspects of age, education, income and gender; gender socialization; influence of neighborhood area; social network influence based on communication and interaction among peers and family members; and socially deviant behaviors such as frequently smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol and using drugs specifically marijuana. The impact of these factors on SMI was examined. A sample of 206 respondents drawn from National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2003 was assessed. These respondents had answered all the questions related to SMI; social deviant behaviors; neighborhood environment; and communications among peers, family members and friends; and the other studied factors. Ordinary linear regression with interaction terms was employed as a statistical tool to assess the impact of social determinants on SMI. Being female, living a disorganized neighborhood, and frequent and high levels of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol had a significant influence on SMI. This reevaluation and reexamination of the role of gender socialization path, socially deviant behaviors like smoking and drinking, and community construction on SMI provided additional insights. This research is one of the first to develop a more holistic sociological model on SMI and explored the previously untested interactive relationships. The limitations of this study suggest the need to test a potential recursive research model and explore additional bi-directional associations.
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Carver, Kellye Diane Schiffner. "Back on the Home Front: Demand/Withdraw Communication and Relationship Adjustment Among Student Veterans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804849/.
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Today’s military encompasses a wide variety of families who are affected by deployments in multiple and complex ways. Following deployments, families must reconnect in their relationships and reestablish their way of life. Appropriate and effective communication during this time is critical, yet many military couples struggle with this process. Moreover, student service members/veterans and their families are in a unique position. In addition to coping with changes in their marital relationship, student veterans may feel isolated or unsupported on college campuses, often experiencing anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, or suicidality. The current study seeks to bridge the gap between the military family literature and the student service member/veteran literature by examining how deployment experiences, mental health issues, and communication patterns influence post-deployment relationship adjustment among student veterans. Analyses tested whether communication style and/or current mental health concerns mediate associations between combat experiences and couples’ relationship adjustment, as well as between experiences in the aftermath of battle and relationship adjustment. Results suggest that although posttraumatic stress is significantly related to deployment experiences among student veterans, participants report no significant negative effects of deployment on relationship adjustment. Communication style, however, was significantly associated with relationship adjustment, and a lack of positive communication was found to correlate with PTSD diagnosis. Research and clinical implications are discussed.