Relevant bibliographies by topics / Women – Middle East

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Women – Middle East'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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Cooke, Miriam. "Women in the Middle East." NWSA Journal 11, no. 1 (April 1999): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.1999.11.1.178.

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Mayer, Tamar. "Women in the Middle East." Women's Studies International Forum 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(89)90101-5.

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Roded, Ruth. "Mainstreaming Middle East Gender Research: Promise or Pitfall?" Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 35, no. 1 (2001): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400041377.

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From The Advent Of Middle Eastern Studies, the ‘status of the Muslim woman’ was a major subject of interest, not to say fascination. Women in Middle Eastern society were depicted as invisible, downtrodden figures, whiling away their time in harems, ignorant of anything but the most frivolous matters, and prone to childlike behavior. A handful of outstanding, unique women were portrayed either as ideal paragons or as evil shrews.In the wake of the feminist movement of the 1960s, Middle Eastern ‘women’s history’ gradually began to modify these stereotypes. During the last two decades, new research has revealed the varied roles women have played in the economic, social, and cultural life of the Middle East. Quantitative studies of economic records have produced provocative findings on the ownership and management of property by women.
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Arebi, Saddeka. "Gender Anthropology in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i1.2646.

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The Western view of the role of women in Muslim societies presentsa strikingly ambivalent attitude. On the one hand, the patrilineal, patriarchalstructure of the Muslim family has been so emphasized that it is believedto be at the heart of the assumed subordination of women in Muslim societies(Rassam 1983; Joseph 1985). On the other hand, a matrilineal structure isbelieved to exist in at least some Muslim societies. Frantz Fanon speaks ofhow the French colonizers of Algeria developed a policy built on the“discoveries” of the sociologists that a structure of matriarchal essence didindeed exist. These findings enabled the French to define their politicaldoctrine, summed up by Fanon as: “If we want to destroy the structure ofAlgerian society, its capacity for resistance, we must first of all conquer thewomen, we must go and find them behind the veil where they hide themselves,and in the houses where the men keep them out of sight” (Fanon 1965, 39).France’s success or failure in adopting this policy, and the repercussionsof the adoption of this formula, are beyond the scope of this paper. Whatis important here is its implication vis-\a-vis the importance of women. Also,it enables us to be cognizant of a structured irony in the politics of studyingMuslim women, whether for practical colonial purposes, or for intellectualorientalist aims. In the case of women, for example, French colonialists triedto use them to destroy the structure of Algerian society by attributing to theman almost absolute “significance.” On the other hand, orientalists have usedMuslim women also, but with the aim of destroying the image of Islam byrendering them absolutely “insignificant” within the religion.The view of Islam as a purgatory for women underlies most works writtenon Muslim women. They are commonly depicted as isolated from men, passiveactors in the so-called public domain, confined to their kin groups, and so ...
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Basiri, Nasim. "Defining the Role of Women in the Future of Political Leadership in the Middle East." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2016-0007.

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Abstract Throughout the years and more recently, dictatorial governments have often posed challenges to women in the Middle East, such as in Saudi Arabia, where woman are still not allowed to drive. Although governments have exercised their power to restrict women from doing certain activities and leadership. If we take a look back at the revolutionary Arab Spring, women were a driving force in expressing their voice through the protests and creating an unprecedented impact to shift the status quo in the Middle East. In the early phase of the Arab Spring, women played a pivotal role in supporting the protests against tyranny and ensuring they played an active part in the protests. Women in the Middle East have often been subject to discrimination regardless whether or not they are oppressed. This paper evaluates the efforts of women and the current events that are developing a new face for Middle Eastern women and their role in the future of political leadership in the twenty-first century. The paper also indicates that women within the Middle East have full potential to become a serious and powerful force within their society if they will fully attach on to the idea of becoming serious actors. More importantly, once they do this and they impact their role within the family, they will then gradually impact social change within their country. What is important within this process is the idea that they continue on the path of fighting for their liberation and change, because all of these spears are interconnected for women to become fully liberated within a society they have to be able to be fully liberated within all of these spears. Finally, this paper discusses obstacles to women in Middle East politics and possible recommendations that will improve the overall levels of women’s political leadership in the Middle East.
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Shaya, Nessrin, and Rawan Abu Khait. "Feminizing leadership in the Middle East." Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, no. 8 (November 7, 2017): 590–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2016-0143.

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Purpose This paper aims to form an empirical study, stemming from a Middle-Eastern context, on eliminating gender discrimination and achieving women’s empowerment. It aims to develop a conceptual model on the principal social and cultural factors inducing the success of Emirati women in attaining senior leadership roles and shaping their leadership style to be transformational. Moreover, it examines the comparability and divergence of the accumulated data on the empowerment of Emirati women in an international context from existing international literature. Design/methodology/approach The design of the study was based on data gathered from face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with four Emirati women occupying the highest leadership positions in various fields, followed by thematic analysis. Findings Data analysis confirmed the significant influence of the study’s key factors, namely, the role of the national government, Islamic work ethic and family, on the subjects’ empowerment and their adherence to transformational leadership style. However, two new k ey factors impacting empowerment emerged, namely, the influence of rulers’ leadership and the efforts in balancing work/life commitments. The findings led to the development of a study model on Emirati women empowerment and leadership style, reflecting the appropriateness of international literature on the Emirati context. Particularly, it is the social and economic circumstances of the nation supported by policies form the major source of empowerment, in addition to the important role that family capital and business ethics play. Remarkably, the challenges facing Emirati working women ought to be different than the rest of the Middle East. Originality/value A dearth of literature pertaining to women’s leadership exists; however, they were mostly carried out within Western contexts that may not be applicable to Arab societies because of cultural and religious differences. The study strives to portray an unambiguous picture to the significant impact of the parenting role and Islam work ethics in relating positively to their daughters and prompt them to develop crucial societal and professional skills, in a country as UAE where expatriates and Westerns dominate the population body. In addition, it shapes the UAE national government as a unique example and role model, to local governments in other Arab states, to learn from regarding supporting women, helping them to achieve excellence. Aiming for feminizing leadership, the Emirati women leadership styles are explored in an attempt to demonstrate the capacities and potentials of Emirati and Arab women in positions of power and influence. It is assumed that this study will help in bringing confidence in Emirati women capabilities, inducing a change in attitudes towards Arab women managers and encouraging employment in non-traditional feminine based jobs.
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Joseph, Suad. "Women and Politics in the Middle East." MERIP Middle East Report, no. 138 (January 1986): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3011903.

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Anderson, Betty S., Suad Joseph, and Susan Slyomovics. "Women and Power in the Middle East." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 3 (2001): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097600.

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Nehmé, Hoda. "The Women, Religion and Politics in Middle East." Caminhos 15, no. 1 (October 18, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/cam.v15i1.5970.

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LA FEMME, LA RELIGION ET LA POLITIQUE AU MOYEN-ORIENT Resumo: atualmente, a religião não está somente em uma crescente onda de expansão fundamentalista, disfarçada de adversária surreal contra a ocidentalização do globo. Entretanto, assistimos ao desenvolvimento do obscurantismo, como se fosse um tumor em matéria de religiosidade. Neste artigo, pretendemos perceber este processo observando o papel das mulheres. Esta mulher que lutou para encontrar espaço em uma sociedade essencialmente patriarcal e profundamente religiosa encontra-se no jogo de um sistema político-religioso que consome seu meios de sobrevivência social. Palavras-chave: Religião. Mulheres. Oriente Médio. Patriarcalismo. Abstract: currently, the religion is not only in a rising tide of fundamentalist expansion, disguised as surreal fight against destroyes the Westernization of the globe. However, we have seen the development of obscurantism, as if were a tumor in terms of religiosity. In this article, we intend to realize this process looking at the role of women. This woman who struggled to find space in an essentially patriarchal society and deeply religious is in game of a politico-religious system that consumes your livelihoods. Keywords: Religion. Women. Middle East. Patriarchy.
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Kibria, Nazli, Arlene Elowe Macleod, Julie Marcus, and Valentine M. Moghadam. "Women, Power, and Change in the Middle East." Contemporary Sociology 23, no. 2 (March 1994): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075230.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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Herbel, Lindsey C. "Explaining gender inequality in the Middle East Islam vs. Oil /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/28/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 12, 2010) Michael Herb, committee chair; William Downs, Scott Graves, Charles Hankla, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-63).
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Yacoob, Saadia. "Women and education in the pre-modern Middle East : reconstructing the lives of two female jurists (faqīhāt)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99616.

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This thesis explores the education of women in the pre-modern Middle East, particularly in legal matters. The goal of the work is to show that women in the pre-modern Middle East not only had access to education but were also learned in jurisprudence (fiqh). The work begins with a detailed discussion of the pre-modern system of learning. The first chapter explores not only the educational institutions and methods of instruction, but also the avenues and opportunities for education available to and utilized by women. The second chapter concentrates on the lives of two female jurists (faqihat). The purpose of this chapter is to explore in detail the methods by which these women acquired a legal education and obtained their status as female jurists. This work is a rudimentary effort at investigating the role of women in the pre-modern system of learning and their access to and acquisition of a legal education.
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Murphy, Lynne M. "Muslim family life in the Middle East as depicted by Victorian women residents." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65957.

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Alsayyad, Ayisha. "Queer Muslim Women: On Diaspora, Islam, and Identity." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193286.

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In this thesis, women who identify as both queer and Muslims living in North America tell their stories of family, religion, and home. These immigrants and first generation Westerners describe their identities in an effort to acknowledge the difficulties that can accompany being both Muslim in the diaspora in a time when religious and political tensions are aimed at the Middle East. While each has a unique life history, the participants represented here challenge assumptions about the "inherent" contradictions that are assume to exist for those who are both Muslim and queer due to constructions of Islam as sexually and socially conservative. They also offer insight into the usefulness of the current international LGBTQ movement for Muslim lesbians. Using the in-depth interviews from eight women, as well as several first-person published narratives, the aim of this research is to explore how each of these individuals to experience their identities in the diaspora.
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Sehlikoglu, Karakas Sertac. "Becoming an Istanbulite woman : intersections of subjectivity, movement, and desire in the Middle East." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708660.

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Price, Anne M. "Constraints and Opportunities: The Shaping of Attitudes Towards Women‘s Employment in the Middle East." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1307403090.

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Sulaiman, Sultana Othman Yousof. "Depression in women in Dubai : an exploratory study of symptoms, concepts and coping strategies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/depression-in-women-in-dubai--an-exploratory-study-of-symptoms-concepts-and-coping-strategies(dd6a6b4a-dfd4-4e9b-979a-26691aef81f7).html.

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González, Alessandra L. Froese Paul. "Islam, sex, and sect a quantitative look at women's rights in the Middle East /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5172.

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Ali, Yumna, and Naghmeh Nekouei. "Motherhood and Entrepreneurship : Exploring the entrepreneurial identity of ‘Mompreneurs’ in the Middle East." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95623.

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Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this specific study is to discover how mothers in the Middle East perceive their entrepreneurial identity based on the results and our interpretation of the mothers' narratives, to fill the gap that was discovered in mompreneurship identity research area in the Middle East. Design/methodology/approach – A Qualitative Research Design using the ‘Abductive reasoning’ method was implemented. And the philosophical approach of this study is the ‘Interpretive Epistemology’ based on the interpretation of narratives and life experience of seven interviewed samples of mothers who own businesses ‘mompreneurs’ from the Middle East. Semi-structured interviews in the form of internet-based interviewing were used. And in order to analyze the result a narrative analysis approaches, William Labov Approach and the Dialogic performance analysis approach were utilized. Findings – the findings in this study showed that the results of the majority of samples identified themselves as being totally Momprenures and they appreciate their role as a mother and a business owner. And that they have several motivations such as (Forced, Intrinsic, classic and work-family) which classified them under certain typologies of the entrepreneurial identity (Solution -seeker, Self-actualized, Informed, Bonafide and Missionary identity). However, no certain motivation was considered to be the dominant. And the results indicate that, three samples that were motivated by (Forced Factors) falls under the same typology of solution seeker Identity. And the other three samples that were motivated by (Intrinsic and Classic motivations) falls under the typology of Informed Entrepreneur, restricted to the understanding of the samples taken from the Middle East. In Addition, the results also indicated that the momprenure identity was not directly affected by gender, as reflected by theories where masculinity is related to entrepreneurship. Research limitations/contribution – This study was limited by several factors unexpected situation of the spreading of (CORONAVIRUS) which limited samples size, and canceled the in-person meetings for interviews. Therefore, the results were only Restricted to our samples and might not be taken as general outcomes. The contribution of our findings will be opening the door for further studies on a broader scale to cover a wider range of motivations, and a wider range of identity theories that would reflect the identities of mothers in the context of the Middle East.
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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. "WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC: A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.

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Books on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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Afshar, Haleh, ed. Women in the Middle East. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22588-0.

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Magida, Salman, ed. Women in the Middle East. London: Zed Books, 1987.

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Britain Israel Public Affairs Centre, ed. Women in the Middle East. London: Britain / Israel Public Affairs Committee, 1985.

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Suad, Joseph, and Middle East Research and Information Project., eds. Women and politics in the Middle East. Washington, DC: Middle East Research & Information Project., 1986.

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Suad, Joseph, and Slyomovics Susan, eds. Women and power in the Middle East. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

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Metcalfe, Beverly Dawn, Bettina Lynda Bastian, and Haya Al-Dajani. Women, Entrepreneurship, and Development in the Middle East. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120407.

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Haghighat-Sordellini, Elhum. Women in the Middle East and North Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230110083.

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Harik, Ramsay M. Women in the Middle East: Tradition and change. New York: Franklin Watts, 1996.

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Joseph, Suad, and Zeina Zaatari. Routledge Handbook on Women in the Middle East. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165219.

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E, Tucker Judith, ed. Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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Al-Olimat, Hmoud S., and Amal ElGammal. "Women in the Middle East." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 6160–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2433.

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Al-Olimat, Hmoud S., and Amal ElGammal. "Women in the Middle East." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2433-1.

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Al-Olimat, Hmoud S., and Amal ElGammal. "Women in the Middle East." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 13348–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2433.

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Alqaisiya, Walaa. "Middle East Queer Affairs." In Routledge Handbook on Women in the Middle East, 623–35. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165219-52.

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Al-Fassi, Hatoon Ajwad. "Women in the Ancient Middle East." In Routledge Handbook on Women in the Middle East, 19–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165219-3.

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Al-Fassi, Hatoon Ajwad. "Women in the Islamic Middle East." In Routledge Handbook on Women in the Middle East, 42–62. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165219-4.

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Moghadam, Valentine M. "Modernizing Women in the Middle East." In A Companion to the History of the Middle East, 425–43. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996423.ch23.

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Ghannam, Farha. "Masculinity in the Middle East." In Routledge Handbook on Women in the Middle East, 569–81. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165219-48.

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Afshar, Haleh. "Development Studies and Women in the Middle East: The Dilemmas of Research and Development." In Women in the Middle East, 3–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22588-0_1.

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Pope, Juliet J. "The Emergence of a Joint Israeli—Palestinian Women’s Peace Movement during the Intifada." In Women in the Middle East, 172–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22588-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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Al-Abdulwahed, Khalid, and Nouf Al-Ashwan. "Female Vocational Training." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204528-ms.

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Abstract The development of any country lies in all members of society in a country, the old generation to the younger and new ones. After launching the vision of 2030 pillars, the circle of women barriers becomes wider and unlimited in the field of employment. In order to merge women in the oil and gas industry, the first milestone must be considered is creating opportunities in the labour market alongside educating and training them to acquire great learning and hone skills that qualify the women to be in the industrial workforce. It will widely contribute to the socio-economic change in a country. The female has individual skills and capabilities that the companies’ needs to achieve its business objectives. The institutes which are fundamentally structured; can open another facility which is targeted the female vocational and technical training based on the same assets (strategies & policies). Another way to do so is through collaboration with international vocational institutions, local female universities and colleges. These days there is no doubt that the oil and gas companies are critically needed for the local talents and diversity of its range. As an example, SPSP has planned to inaugurate a new female vocational & technical center, in the meantime will offer a major source of job opportunities for well trained and qualified young Saudi women that how we encourage and retain more Saudi female to the petroleum energy sector. The training programs will include Health & Safety, and Electrical Diploma. There is a lack of trained and qualified Saudi female technical workforce at the industry sector. To solve this problem, the education and the labour sectors must work simultaneously to empower the female in this field. Many companies need to retool the female candidates from functional roles such as HR or Finance to target them into practice hands-on roles. To sum up, as Vision 2030 of rewarding opportunities to the women stated, ‘’ we are directing significant investment toward unlocking their talents and supporting their contribution to the Kingdom’s economic growth.’’ Business leaders should call for an action to increase female’s opportunity at the energy sector side by side the government’s efforts in the female vocational training programs.
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Manshadi, Farideh Dehghan, Mohammad Parnianpour, Zinat Ghanbari, Javad Sarrafzadeh, and Anooshirvan Kazemnejad. "A novel scheme for studying pelvic floor stability in women with and without Stress Urinary Incontinence: An ultrasonic investigation." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752132.

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Jassim, GA, and DL Whitford. "Abstract P6-08-07: Quality of life of women with breast cancer: A Middle East perspective." In Abstracts: Thirty-Fifth Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 4‐8, 2012; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p6-08-07.

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Lallmamode, Shelia. "Experiences of Muslim Women in Educational Measurement in the Middle East: Between Religious Traditions and Modernity." In AERA 2024. USA: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.24.2106553.

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Khaled, Salma, Catalina Petcu, Lina Bader, Iman Amro, Aisha Al-Hamadi, Marwa Al-Assi, Amal Aawadalla Mohamed Ali, et al. "Prevalence and Potential Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0074.

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Global COVID-19 pandemic containment necessitates understanding the risk of hesitance or resistance to vaccine uptake in different populations. The Middle East and North Africa currently lack vital representative vaccine hesitancy data. We conducted the first representative national phone survey among the adult population of Qatar, between December 2020 and January 2021, to estimate the prevalence and identify potential determinants of vaccine willingness: acceptance (strongly agree), resistance (strongly disagree), and hesitance (somewhat agree, neutral, somewhat disagree). Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations between willingness groups and fifteen variables. In the total sample, 42.7% (95% CI: 39.5–46.1) were accepting, 45.2% (95% CI: 41.9–48.4) hesitant, and 12.1% (95% CI: 10.1–14.4) resistant. Vaccine resistant compared with hesistant and accepting groups reported no endorsement source will increase vaccine confidence (58.9% vs. 5.6% vs. 0.2%, respectively). Female gender, Arab ethnicity, migrant status/type, and vaccine side-effects concerns were associated with hesitancy and resistance. COVID-19 related bereavement, infection, and quarantine status were not significantly associated with any willingness group. Absence of or lack of concern about contracting the virus was solely associated with resistance. COVID-19 vaccine resistance, hesitance, and side-effects concerns are high in Qatar’s population compared with those globally. Urgent public health engagement should focus on women, Qataris (non-migrants), and Arab ethnicity.
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Asslan, Hala. "Syrian Earthen Villages: Recovery of Construction Crafts to Revive Dome Houses." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15148.

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The existence of earthen domed houses constructed of mud bricks has been attested for at least 5000 years in Syria. Earthen villages are most extensive and recognized as some of the richest Earthen Villages in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This construction technique which has been perpetuated in the region without discontinuity is currently experiencing a painful decline. Only a handful of master masons still have the know-how necessary to build the domes. It is therefore to be feared that, after centuries of transmission, the experience and skills of these craftsmen will disappear. These specialists knew how to build modest houses which were integrated into their environment without harming it. And though heritage should never be the target of any clashes , during the conflict which has raged since 2011, Syrian heritage has been the object of significant destruction, looting, and the damage. This is very significant in historic cities and rural landscapes. Among the objects damaged the most are the domed houses. This paper discusses the basic architectural details and features of traditional construction system, as well as, current threats, the maintenance and future of the domed houses during and after the war, in addition to the role of rural women in rehabilitating and applying traditional techniques and methods. Additionally, it suggests a brief documentation and digitalizing for tangible and intangible heritage of rural communities living in domed mud houses. The paper proposes documenting and preserving by detailing the tangible heritage damaged by conflict, and giving an intensive training to the young generation on the building methods and traditional lifestyles, and finally recovery and maintenance of construction crafts.
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Uzra, Mehbuba Tune, and Peter Scrivener. "Designing Post-colonial Domesticity: Positions and Polarities in the Feminine Reception of New Residential Patterns in Modernising East Pakistan and Bangladesh." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4027pcwf6.

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When Paul Rudolph was commissioned to design a new university campus for East Pakistan in the mid-1960s, the project was among the first to introduce the expressionist brutalist lexicon of late-modernism into the changing architectural language of postcolonial South and Southeast Asia. Beyond the formal and tectonic ruptures with established colonial-modern norms that these designs represented, they also introduced equally radical challenges to established patterns of domestic space-use. Principles of open-planning and functional zoning employed by Rudolf in the design of academic staff accommodation, for example, evidently reflected a socially progressive approach – in light of the contemporary civil rights movement back in America – to the accommodation of domestic servants within the household of the modern nuclear family. As subsequent residents would recount, however, these same planning principles could have very different and even opposite implications for the privacy and sense of security of Bangladeshi academics and their families. The paper explores and interprets the post-occupancy experience of living in such novel ‘ultra-modern’ patterns of a new domesticity in postcolonial Bangladesh, and their reception and adaptation into the evolving norms of everyday residential development over the decades since. Specifically, it examines the reception of and responses to these radically new residential patterns by female members of the evolving modern Bengali Muslim middle class who were becoming progressively more liberal in their outlook and lifestyles, whilst retaining consciousness and respect for the abiding significance in their personal and family lives of traditional cultural practices and religious affinities. Drawing from the case material and methods of an on-going PhD study, the paper will offer a contrapuntal analysis of architectural and ethnological evidence of how the modern Bengali woman negotiates, adapts to and calibrates these received architectural patterns of domesticity whilst simultaneously crafting a reembraced cultural concept of femininity, in a fluid dialogical process of refashioning both space and self.
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Rahman, Mosfequr, F. N. U. Aktaruzzaman, Saheem Absar, Aniruddha Mitra, and Awlad Hossain. "Finite Element Analysis of Polyurethane Based Composite Shafts Under Different Boundary Conditions." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37753.

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Depending on the type of matrix materials, composites can be broadly divided into three different major classifications: Organic-matrix composites (OMC), metal-matrix composites (MMC), and ceramic-matrix composites (CMC). OMC can be further sub-classified into polymer-matrix composites (PMC) and carbon-matrix composites or carbon-carbon composites. In this paper the main objective is to focus on polyurethane based PMC composites. Polyurethane is one of the widely used polymer matrix materials. It has diversified applications, easily available and cheap. In this computational study a composite shaft with a core made of matrix material completely wrapped around by a woven fiber cloth with a very strong bonding between core and fibers is considered. Three different types of woven fibers: fiber glass, Kevlar 49, and carbon fibers, are considered. A woven fabric is the interlocking or weaving of two unidirectional fibers. This configuration is often used to produce curve surfaces because of the ease with which it could be placed on and conform to curved surfaces. Authors had fabricated these three composites in their in-house laboratory. They had also experimentally measured the mechanical properties of these composites using 3-point bending test which already been published. In this current study finite element analyses has been performed for the modeling of the static response of these three different polyurethane based composite shafts as fiber glass reinforced polyurethane epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane epoxy, and Kevlar fibers reinforced polyurethane epoxy for three different boundary conditions. These three boundary conditions are simply supported, cantilever, both end fixed types with bending loads applied at the middle for simply supported case and distributed load along the length of the shaft for the last two types of boundary conditions. A three dimensional model of the composite beam has been implemented in this study using SolidWorks. A finite element commercial software ANSYS is used to investigate the stress response and deformation behavior of the model geometry for these three polyurethane based composite shafts for these three boundary conditions. A twenty node three dimensional element has been implemented for the finite element formulation of the modeled geometry such that it is applicable for the analysis of a layered composite structure, while providing support for linear, large rotation, and large strain nonlinear loading conditions. Convergence has also been ensured for various mash configurations in this work.
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Liu, Miao, and Yitong Jiang. "Minimalist Design of Oven Products Based on Differences in User Needs." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001762.

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At present, the oven has become a popular electrical product for home life，and its appearance design is based on a minimalist style, pursuing the purity of appearance and streamlining of functions. However, different users have different perceptions of the simplicity and ease of use of the oven design, which may lead to differences in aesthetic preferences and design requirements, which in turn may lead to varying degrees of use obstacles and poor experience. How to grasp the "degree" of Minimalist Design to meet the differentiated needs of more users? It is the main problem of oven design at this stage. However, the method researches of related Minimalist Design are mostly theoretical reference and lack practical guiding significance. Therefore, this article will focus on the concept of Minimalist Design, combined with multi-level demand theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process, to explore the differences in users’ aesthetic preferences for minimalist oven design, construct a multi-level structural model of user needs, obtain the importance of user needs, and summarize differentiated minimalist oven designs methods. First, hot-selling ovens were selected as the research objects; compared the relative simplicity difference of each two products , a difference matrix was obtained; Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and K-means Clustering were applied, the simplicity of ovens was classified and each category Typical products were obtained as simple prototypes; questionnaire surveys and statistical tests were used, the characteristics of the user groups of each prototype were obtained; based on the concept of Minimalist Design, user interviews and other methods were applied, the simplicity of users on three levels of stable performance, smooth interaction, and minimalist appearance Design demand factors were obtained; finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied, a hierarchical model of simple design factors were constructed, the weight of needs of each user group was obtained, and the differentiated design methods were summarized. As a result, a total of 12 hot-selling ovens were selected; a total of 3 minimalist prototypes ABC were obtained, The user group of prototype A is dominated by young women in higher education, prototype B is dominated by middle-aged women in secondary education, and prototype C is dominated by the elderly; a multi-level structure model of user needs was constructed, and The weight of the needs of the 3 user groups were obtained; based on the importance of the needs of each group, the targeted minimalist oven design methods were proposed. Therefore, the method which is based on the theory of multi-level needs and applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process, to construct a multi-level structure model of user needs can clarify the characteristics and design needs of different user groups, and improve the effectiveness and practical significance of the Minimalist Design of the oven. This method can provide a reference for enterprises and designers.
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Manuel Figueiredo, Carlos, Ana Rafaela Diogo, and Joana André Leite. "Adapting Jane Austen to the screen: fashion and costume in Autumn de Wilde’s movie "Emma"." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001538.

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The visual and behavioral codes prevalent in society at any given moment are part of its social conventions and constitute a framework that rules everyone´s image, dress and the attitudes that society not only tolerates but expects from them. However, it is unquestionable that despite the rigidity and formality imposed on personal appearance and manners, it is still possible to find some room to play with the possibilities afforded to people, albeit conditioned by their social status, so as to manage to express their inner self, mood, and even outlook on life, at any point in time. What is more, it is possible for an individual inserted in such a society to become the center around which everything revolves and trace a path to success, without necessarily trespassing any of the red lines drawn by society's norms. In her novels, Jane Austen chose as protagonists middle to upper class young women that stand out by managing to, in the limited scope of action afforded to them, work society in their favour so as to achieve their perceived notions of fulfillment and personal happiness. Based on one of Austen's novels Emma, and its 2020 movie adaptation directed by Autumn de Wilde, we will assess how Alexandra Byrne’s costumes work in relation to the aesthetics of Emma’s world and surroundings. As well as investigate how they showcase, are impacted and can even be read as symbolic representations of the course of her life, evolution and relationships in this movie, which is considered to be particularly faithful to the novel.Keeping this in mind, we will analyse several scenes that are key both in terms of the plot and the costumes of the main character—Emma. This analysis will consider filmic and design notions of characters, narrative and space, as well as their construction and representation. It will focus on questions of storytelling regarding how the viewer is informed about Emma’s personality and mood, as well as capable of feeling her emotions, in the key events of the plot. As well as try to answer why and how Emma and her costumes remain the main focus in almost every shot of the movie, and how components such as the fictional space, its framing and composition are always in relation and dependent on her and her portrayal.Despite this movie being Autumn de Wilde’s debut, her mastery of notions of visual hierarchies, aesthetics and cinematic techniques that keep Emma highlighted and the focus of the action at all times, in the foreground of the shot, is undeniable. This translates to impeccably shot spaces that are completely in tune with the costumes, providing a sense of ease or contrast to the characters' relation to the space, further highlighting the subjects in the main action.In such an aesthetically developed piece, it is then also unavoidable that Emma’s every interaction and the development of her relationships will have a direct impact on her inner image, and therefore her outer image, affecting her relation and attachments to her costumes.
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Reports on the topic "Women – Middle East"

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ElDidi, Hagar, Chloe van Biljon, Muzna Fatima Alvi, Claudia Ringler, Nazmun Ratna, Sawsan Abdulrahim, Patrick Kilby, Joyce Wu, and Zahid ul Arefin Choudhury. Reducing vulnerability to forced labor and trafficking of short-term, low-skilled women migrant workers in the South Asia to Middle East corridor. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134673.

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El Asmar, Francesca. Claiming and Reclaiming the Digital World as a Public Space: Experiences and insights from feminists in the Middle East and North Africa. Oxfam, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6874.

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This paper seeks to highlight the experiences and aspirations of young women and feminist activists in the MENA region around digital spaces, safety and rights. It explores individual women’s experiences engaging with the digital world, the opportunities and challenges that women’s rights and feminist organizations find in these platforms, and the digital world as a space of resistance, despite restrictions on civic space. Drawing on interviews with feminist activists from the region, the paper sheds light on women’s online experiences and related offline risks, illustrates patterns and behaviours that prevailed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Abdo, Nabil, and Shaddin Almasri. For a Decade of Hope Not Austerity in the Middle East and North Africa: Towards a fair and inclusive recovery to fight inequality. Oxfam, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6355.

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Even before the coronavirus crisis struck, people in the Middle East and North Africa were protesting against the injustice and inequality wrought by a decade of austerity. The pandemic and the lockdown measures taken by governments have paralysed economies and threaten to tip millions of people into poverty, with women, refugees, migrant workers and those working in the informal economy among the worst affected. A huge increase in inequality is very likely. More austerity following this crisis will mean more uprisings, more inequality, and more conflict. This paper argues that if another decade of pain is to be averted, governments need to take immediate action to reduce inequality through providing public services to protect ordinary people by taxing the richest and guaranteeing decent work.
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Avis, William Robert. Participation Rates in HE and TVET and Socio-economic Development. Institute of Development Studies, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.015.

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This rapid evidence review examines women's participation rates in Higher Education (HE) and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) across the Middle East North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia regions, alongside socio-economic development indicators. It highlights link between gender equality and sustainable development, stressing the need for equal access to education, economic resources, and political participation for women. Drawing on UNESCO and UNDP data, the review outlines global commitments and provides country-level data, categorised by income groups.
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Magnoli, Alessandro. Bridging the Gender Gap in Developing Regions. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012210.

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According to conventional wisdom, health and education are important factors for economic and social development: they improve productivity and income distribution, and the poor gain the most. Nonetheless, in many regions of the world not all members of society receive these services equally. To a large extent, women are left out of health and education systems; as a consequence, they constitute an economically and socially disadvantaged group. This article analyzes the gender gaps within health and education in six regions of the developing world: Sub-Saharan Africa; South Asia; East and Southeast Asia; The Middle East and North Africa; Latin America and the Caribbean; Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In all of these regions, there is an unfinished agenda in terms of access and equity.
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Kirk, Karen, Sanyukta Mathur, and Julie Pulerwitz. Best Practices to Prevent and Respond to Sexual Violence: Evidence review and programme considerations. Population Council, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2023.1055.

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Presentation for AGYW & South-to-South Learning Network Champions to fill a knowledge gap about what strategies have been tested and found effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to prevent and respond to sexual violence experienced by adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). This topic was identified by East and Southern African Champions as a key impediment to their HIV prevention programming efforts. This review focused on evidence from all 15 South-to-South Learning Network (SSLN) countries to gather and synthesise contextually relevant information.
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Ringler, Claudia, Sawsan Abdulrahim, May Adra, Muzna Fatima Alvi, Zahid ul Arefin Choudhury, Hagar ElDidi, Patrick Kilby, et al. Gender-Sensitive Risks and Options Assessment for Decision Making (ROAD) to Support WiF2. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp8.

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The Gender-Sensitive Risks and Options Assessment for Decision Making (ROAD) to Support WiF-2 (ROAD migration project), a partnership coordinated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Australian National University, American University Beirut, Lincoln University, and University of Dhaka, evaluated the ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East (Work in Freedom, Phase 2 project [WiF-2]), which operated from 2018 to 2023. The WiF-2 project specifically aimed “to reduce vulnerability to trafficking and forced labour of women and girls across migration pathways leading to the care sector and textiles, clothing, leather and footwear industries (TCLFI) of South Asia and Arab States” (ToC WiF-2).
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Minkanic, Michelle, and Emily Tran. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors Influencing Type of Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Women in Developed vs Under-Developed Geographic Areas. Science Repository, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.cei.2024.01.01.

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The intent of this study is to identify and compare sociocultural barriers in various geographic regions that impede access, type and use of hormonal contraception, and methods to improve restrictions in access. Understanding and addressing sociocultural barriers to hormonal contraception on a larger intercontinental scale can create a more effective and inclusive healthcare system. A search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was conducted on current and past literature performed in various developmental countries. Terms such as “birth control access AND developed nations”, “barriers of hormonal contraception AND low-income countries” were used. Studies included ranged from RCTs, cross-sectional studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses. Countries reviewed with lower levels of development in Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America have demonstrated a rise in long-acting hormonal contraception (LARCs) after injectables. Barriers in these regions include misconceptions fertility and contraception use, access to modern contraceptives (these include oral and emergency contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, contraceptive patches and rings, intrauterine devices, female and male sterilization, vaginal barrier methods and female condoms), stigma and patriarchal settings that result in male influence on women’s reproductive choices. More developed regions of the world like the United States and Europe demonstrated a range of contraceptive options with the most compliance for intrauterine implants (IUDs) in younger reproductive women. The greatest hindrances for developed regions were cost, difficulty obtaining appointments, and fallacies for future fertility. Contraceptive education and culturally sensitive counseling should be emphasized for healthcare employees serving women with ease of access, and to strengthen reproductive support services. Advocating to provide underdeveloped regions with better contraceptive resources highlights an importance to give women globally the empowerment to choose the direction of their own reproductive journey.
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Herbert, Sian. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.29. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.020.

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This fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aims to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. Based on feedback from the recent survey, and analysis by the Xcept project, this edition, as a trial, focusses less on the challenges that C19 poses, and more on more on the policy responses to these challenges. The below summary features resources on legislative leadership during the C19 crisis; and the heightening of risks emanating from C19’s indirect impacts – including non-C19 healthcare, economy and food security, and women and girls and unrest and instability. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including anti-corruption approaches; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict dynamics (this time with articles focussing on Northwestern Nigeria, Myanmar’s Rakhine State, and the Middle East). The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.
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Clark, Louise, Jo Carpenter, and Joe Taylor. Insights for Influence: Understanding Impact Pathways in Crisis Response. Institute of Development Studies, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.016.

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The Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) programme was a three-year initiative funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) that brought together 20 projects from across the global South to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The research covered 42 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East to understand the ways in which the pandemic affected the most vulnerable people and regions, and deepened existing vulnerabilities. Research projects covered a broad range of themes, including macroeconomic policies for support and recovery; supporting essential economic activity and protecting informal businesses, small producers, and women workers; and promoting democratic governance to strengthen accountability, social inclusion, and civil engagement. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) provided knowledge translation (KT) support to CORE research partners to maximise the learning generated across the research portfolio and deepen engagement with governments, civil society, and the scientific community. As part of this support, the IDS KT team worked with CORE project teams to reconstruct and reflect on their impact pathways to facilitate South-South knowledge exchange on effective strategies for research impact, and share learning on how the CORE cohort has influenced policy and delivered change. This report presents an overview of these impact pathways and the lessons learnt from a selection of the projects chosen to represent the diversity of approaches to engage policymakers, civil society, and the media to generate and share evidence of the effect of the pandemic on diverse vulnerable groups.
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