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1
WIMALATISSA, W. A. "THE EMERGING CLASS OF BUSINESSWOMEN AND WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESS FIRMS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 03 (September 1996): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000162.
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This study focuses on the emerging ’women entrepreneurship’ and ’womenowned businesses’ in Brunei Darussalam. It first examines the demographic background, personal competency, reasons behind the choice of ’selfemployment career,’ and management style of the businesswomen. Secondly, it looks into the main sources of finance, lines of merchandise, size of the work force, and problems of the women-owned enterprises. The sample consists of 50 businesswomen. In manufacturing, retail, and service businesses. These businesswomen have gone through the formal education process and are in their thirties. Their reasons for doing business are independence and an opportunity to use their knowledge and experience. The popular types of business activities for these businesswomen are retailing and services. They practise a centralised decision making style. Their businesses are generally in the start-up stage and the predominant source of capital is personal savings. Most of the businesses employ less than 10 workers and the major problems of the businesses are labour shortage and strong competition.
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Fernandes, Emilia, and Silvana Mota-Ribeiro. "“Respect” and “self-determination” women entrepreneurs’ identities and entrepreneurial discourses." Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-04-2016-0093.
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Purpose This exploratory study aims to compare how businesswomen with different initial bounds to their businesses resort to gender discourses to construct a shared business identity in group interaction. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted with two focus groups of Portuguese businesswomen with different initial bounds to their enterprises: those who created their own companies and those who “inherited” family businesses. All the participants of both groups own and manage their businesses. Findings A discourse analysis of the interactions shows that the identities of businesswomen are constrained and produced by different masculinities (authority, professionalism and self-determination) and femininities (restrictive and emancipatory). The interweaving of these gender discourses results in the production of a “respect” identity in the family businesses group and a “self-determination” identity in the start-up businesses group. Practical implications The comparison of the different business identities shared by women with particular business experiences contributes to reflections upon the diversified contours that gender discrimination can undertake, and upon the need of practitioners to adjust the gender policies according to those particular experiences. Originality/value The paper compares and highlights how Portuguese businesswomen with different business backgrounds collectively construct specific and shared business identities that allow them to deal with diverse experiences of gender discrimination and devaluation.
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Jabeen, Fauzia, Mohd Nishat Faisal, Huda Al Matroushi, and Sherine Farouk. "Determinants of innovation decisions among Emirati female-owned small and medium enterprises." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 11, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 408–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-02-2019-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the innovation decisions of Emirati women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach This study uses a two-phased approach. In the first phase, empirical research on 50 Emirati female entrepreneurs is conducted to discover the extent of innovation in their ventures. In the second phase, the study uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize factors considered important in facilitating business innovation among SMEs. The AHP model is developed with 9 criteria and 25 sub-criteria based on the previous literature. Face-to-face interviews are conducted with Emirati female entrepreneurs operating nascent (n = 10), start-up (n = 10) and established innovative (n = 10) businesses to collect data for the AHP study. The data collected are interpreted and a priority vector is assigned to each criterion and sub-criterion. Findings Female SME owners prioritize government policies, research and development, innovation strategy and skill development as the main criteria that influence their innovation decisions. Family support, access to external financing, social networks and the allocation of funds are the main sub-criteria affecting their decisions to be innovative. Furthermore, respondents who are in the nascent business stage consider family motivation as the greatest influence on initiating new ideas through financial and moral support. Among all respondents, the nascent business owners rank skill development the highest because they are still in the initial stages of their business journeys, and thus, obtaining these skills could help them increase innovation and success in their ventures. However, respondents in the established stage rank innovation strategy the highest. Research limitations/implications The study results can help policymakers and women’s associations, such as businesswomen councils, identify the specific inhibitors and facilitators linked to innovation and, thereby, help develop various effective policies to promote innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs. Originality/value The study is one attempt to facilitate innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs through its efforts to discover the determinants of innovation efforts at nascent, start-up and established business stages as defined by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2012). The study can help Emirati women-owned SMEs understand the critical factors influencing innovation and can encourage them to incorporate innovative characteristics for business growth and resilience. Furthermore, the study can provide insights for policymakers, financial institutions and non-governmental organizations on factors hindering innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs, which may serve as a tool for creating resilience among female entrepreneurs.
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Zhu, Lei, Orhan Kara, and Xiaowei Zhu. "A comparative study of women entrepreneurship in transitional economies." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-04-2017-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare women entrepreneurship in China and Vietnam by examining the motivations, success factors and problems related to establishing women-owned businesses. Design/methodology/approach The sample in this study consisted of 170 women entrepreneurs in Vietnam and 180 women entrepreneurs in China. The authors used the survey instrument developed by H.M. Chu (Chu and Katsioloudes 2001), which has been adopted in a number of small business studies since 2002. To determine whether there is a significant difference between the two countries regarding each factor of motivations, success factors and problems, the authors use the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Findings Women entrepreneurs are motived to earn more income in both China and Vietnam. Vietnamese businesswomen value intrinsic rewards such as gaining personal satisfaction and freedom. They also take business ownership as a way to reduce work–family conflict. Demonstrating the ability and gaining public recognition play a more important role when Chinese women entrepreneurs decide to establish their businesses. Both Chinese and Vietnamese women agree that good management skills are essential to achieve their goals. Women entrepreneurs in both countries share similar challenges, such as the inability to recruit and retain employees, severe competition, a weak economy and limited access to financial capital. Practical implications Given the nature of transitional economies in both countries, the government is required to improve the regulatory environment for protecting private sector employment and private property rights. Policies such as subsidies and tax incentives may assist the development of women enterprises. To support the sustainable growth of women businesses, it is suggested that the government should design effective programs that direct women entrepreneurs to move into high-growth or high-technology sectors. Training programs are also required to improve the knowledge and skills of women entrepreneurs. Making capital accessible to women is also important to stimulate entrepreneurial growth. As a further stimulus, governments should coordinate with financial institutions to provide low-cost loans or even venture capital to facilitate this process. Originality/value This study is among one of the first attempts to compare women entrepreneurship in the two transitional economies of Vietnam and China. It provides insight into motivations, success factors and problems that women entrepreneurs experienced by examining small business owners in Vietnam and China.
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Kitching, Beverley M., and Pamela A. Jackson. "Female Entrepreneurs in a Transitional Economy." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 2 (May 2002): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101299132.
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Many questions can be raised about the position of women in business in China. Has the reform period given women greater opportunities to enhance their economic and social status? What proportion of new small businesses are owned by women and how does the situation in China compare with that in other countries? Are women involved in large businesses? Are women in managerial positions in private business? Are women as motivated as men to achieve managerial positions? Do men and women in China manage businesses differently? Do men and women have different personnel management styles? What are the career options? Are women subject to discrimination and harassment in the workplace? Does the ‘glass ceiling’ exist in China? Are the issues of concern for Chinese businesswomen similar to those of businesswomen elsewhere or are their experiences determined more by specifically Chinese social and economic conditions? These questions are being examined through ongoing research conducted in Yunnan province in south-west China and in Shanghai and Suzhou in eastern China using literature search, questionnaire survey and structured interviews with women working in both state-owned and private business.
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Lusweti, Christopher Busolo, and Evans Mwasiaji. "Microfinance Services and Performance of Women Owned Business Enterprises in Busia County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v2i3.151.
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The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of microfinance services on women owned enterprises in Busia County. The study specific objectives included, to establish the effects of credit on performance of women owned business enterprises in Busia County, determine the effects of financial training on the performance of women owned enterprises in Busia County, examination of the effects of savings on performance of women owned business enterprises ,conceptualization of the effects of social capital on the performance of women owned business enterprises and examine the effects of legal framework on the inclusive business enterprises performance of women owned enterprises in Busia County. The study was guided mainly by the resource - based view theory and institutional theory, among others. The study adopted a descriptive survey research designs while study target population was 500 women owned entrepreneurs in Busia County, Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was used and the sample size constituted 20% of the total target population thus making a simple size of 100 respondents for this study. The respondents were purposively selected women entrepreneurs, customers of the specific selected microfinance institutions found within Busia county business ecosystem. The questionnaires were used as a tool for primary data collection respectively, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methodologies were applied by use of spss version 23.0.The study findings revealed that, an increase in credit, finance training, social capital, savings and legal framework by one unit leads to an increase in performance by 0.502, 0.124, 0.081, 0.236, and 0.059 units respectively with a p –value of < 0.05 for each variable. Based on the study findings the researcher can conclude that, women owned enterprises are key drivers to the economic development in Kenya and the study recommends that training program should be emphasized to enhance the financial literacy management for exemplary performance of the enterprises. Savings, social capital, financial training, legal framework and credit services significantly influences performances of women-owned business enterprises. According to the research findings, the frequency of trainings should be increased to keep them abreast with modern methodologies for better performance and financial training programs for women owned business enterprises should be designed to meet the standards needs for women entrepreneurs’ and more so the aspiring new entrants.
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Mohammad Waliul Hasanat, Kamna Anum, Ashikul Hoque, Mahmud Hamid, Sandy Francis Peris, and Md. Shaon Akter. "Life Cycle Development of Successful Women-owned Enterprises." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v3i4.1686.
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In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful for potentially talented women interested in setting up their own business.
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Al-Ghamri, Nayef. "Challenges Facing Businesswomen and Their Negative Impact on the Performance of Small Businesses in the Province of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 9 (August 7, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n9p96.
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<p>Businesswomen are increasingly playing a significant role in the economy at both, national and international levels. Women-owned businesses provide job opportunities and contribute to strengthening the family and community’s cohesion. However, the majority of women business owners, whether small or big, in terms of size or those conducted without permits especially in developing countries, are all put at a disadvantage in starting businesses. The reason behind this is due to social, political, family and economic challenges faced by businesswomen in many countries. Other obstacles arise from the personality traits of women entrepreneurs and have continuously caused to hinder their engagement in businesses or their willingness to initiate their own new businesses. The impact of these challenges varies from one businesswoman to another. For instance, poor economic conditions may motivate a Chinese businesswoman; however, the same conditions may represent an obstacle to other businesswomen in some Middle Eastern countries. This research study, following an explanatory nonexperimental research design (Belli, 2008; Cook and Cook, 2008; Johnson, 2001) will focus on the most important challenges facing Saudi businesswomen, particularly including social and economic constraints, discrimination and infrastructure challenges. The study has outlined that family constraints are ranked at the top of those challenges. Recommendations aiming to help businesswomen overcome these challenges shall be drawn up in this study. The study is purposefully divided into several parts as follows:</p><p>Part I: Introduction: Addresses the research problem, its hypotheses, importance and objectives.</p><p>Part II: Addresses the research methodology, literature review and previous research.</p><p>Part III: Data collection, draw up conclusions and recommendations.</p>
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Dhewanto, Wawan, Fera Yunita, Vania Nur Rizqi, and Salma Azzahra. "Technological Strategies to Increase Performance of Women-Owned SMEs." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(79).
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Women empowerment and women entrepreneurship has become interesting topic in many researches. This growing attention triggered by education and socio-cultural betterment towards women. Nowadays people see women as important as men in professional context, including their important role to lead and create enterprises. Not only in developed countries, women in developing economy also build opportunities to create enterprises (Motukuri, 2010). There are large number of enterprises in developing economy owned by women (Deka, 2018). The enterprises dominated by small and medium scale enterprises. Instead of rapid development in women enterprises, there are also challenges. Global market provides new chance yet tight competition at the same time. Technological change is one of the key strategies to win competition and increase company performance (Akman and Dagdeviren, 2018). The use of technology in SME's owned by women in developing economies has grow significantly. Technology in this context is not only about Information Communication and Technology (ICT) that has widespread user nowaday. The technology in this context also involving processing technology, for example handling and packaging. Based on prevoius research, the use of technology has brought women enterprises into better business performance and growth. The example of this growth are opening new market, increasing production capacity and adding product diversification (Suhaimi et al, 2018). This research aim to recognize the diverse of strategies to technology in SMEs owned by women, by unfolding the following research questions : 1) What key technology that use to increase business performance in SMEs owned by women? 2) To what extent the business growing? 3) What are the most important influences for women entrepreneur in using the technology? 4) What kind of collaboration that moderating the use of technology to increase business performance for women entrepreneur? Keywords: SMEs, Scale up, Woman Entrepreneurship, Technology Adoption, Technology Strategy.
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Tundui, Charles Stephen, and Hawa Petro Tundui. "Performance drivers of women-owned microcredit funded enterprises in Tanzania." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-06-2019-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate performance drivers of women-owned businesses that are funded primarily through microcredit. It draws on Storey’s theory of small business growth and family embeddedness axiom to examine the factors that drive the performance of businesses that are funded primarily through microcredit. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a cross-sectional survey that covered 208 women business owners who had access to microcredit. The authors use a logistic regression analysis to model the relationship between independent variables and enterprise performance. Findings The paper demonstrates that microcredit plays a significant role in business performance. The credit amount has the most significant influence on the enterprise capital base, whereas the effect on profits is insignificant. Also, owners are more likely to report growth in profits if they possess skills in business management. In addition, younger business owners and necessity entrepreneurs are more likely to report success in their businesses. Other factors that have a significant effect on business performance are product cycle, loan use and family support. Originality/value Many women in Tanzania are entering business ownership and depend on microcredit as their primary source of capital for starting and growing their businesses. However, just a few businesses grow into small and medium-sized enterprises. For informed policy decisions, it is important that the factors influencing the performance of funded businesses are known and well understood. This understanding will help the government and development practitioners assist women in achieving business growth rates that could warrant their empowerment and poverty reduction prospects.
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Julius, Saumu Sidi, and Maina Rugami. "Microcredit Services and Performance of Women Owned Enterprises in Kilifi County, Kenya." International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v2i4.149.
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Women owned enterprises play an important role in ensuring the growth of an economy. However, most of these businesses face challenges including limited access to credit facilities and limited skills among women owners. Commercial banks have consistently remained reluctant to advance credit facilities among low income earners who mostly comprise of these women owned enterprises. Majority of the women owned enterprises are still at micro level with limited ability to transact in larger profitable firms because of limited access to financial resources. The main economic activities that the youth and women are engaged in Kilifi County include small scale business/trade, mining industry, bodaboda business, Mnazi tapping, Casuallabour and commercial sex. Despite this, the youth and women are faced with a myriad of challenges which include poor/low pay, exploitation, health Complications, unwanted pregnancies, HIV infections. Some of the ways in which these challenges facing women engaged in business in Kilifi County can be managed include; capacity building/education, government financial support, enforcement of laws of child labour, guidance and counseling and creation of employment. There has been a rise in the number of women owned enterprises in the County with the advent of county government system. The County Government of Kilifi has given opportunities and credit to youth, special needs group and women to start or expand their businesses and also get procurement opportunities. However these women owned enterprises have had challenges with sufficient financing especially from microfinance institutions in the County. The study sought to bridge the gap by establishing the effect of Microfinance Services and performance of women owned enterprises in Kilifi County, Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the effect of loan facilities, saving services, influence of financial literacy and convenience and reputation of credit institutions on performance of women owned enterprises in Kilifi County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the following theories; Resource based view theory and Social Learning theory. The study used descriptive research design. The population of the study was 1281 women owned enterprises. The study applied stratified random sampling technique. The sample size was therefore296 women owners of registered enterprises in Kilifi County. The collected data wasbe qualitative and quantitative in nature. To analyze qualitative data, content analysis was employed. For quantitative data, the researcher employed both descriptive and inferential statistics for analysis that covered means, standard deviations and regression analysis. The study established that microfinance services had a positive effect on the performance of women owned enterprises in Kilifi County. The study concluded that there were significant microfinance services provided by MFIs in Kilifi County for women-owned enterprises in Kilifi County. The study concluded that microfinance services offered by MFIs positively and significantly influenced the performance of women-owned enterprises in Kilifi County. It was concluded further that some of the enterprises were not aware of the microfinance services offered by MFIs in Kilifi County. The study recommends that the women-owned enterprises need to be sensitized on the available microfinance services and how to access them. The study recommends that the enterprises need to improve their saving culture to enhance their capital base and financial performance.
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Vasan, Mohan. "Moderating effect of demographic and business characteristics on performance of women owned small enterprises: Empirical evidence from India." Serbian Journal of Management 15, no. 2 (2020): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjm15-21922.
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This study aims to explore the moderating effect of demographic and business characteristics on the performance of women-owned small enterprises. The theoretical and existing literature supports the moderating effect of demographic and business characteristics on business performance. The study adopted the descriptive research method. The primary data was gathered from 340 women owners of small enterprises and surveyed through a structured questionnaire. The Liner multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study reveal that demographic characteristics such as father's occupation, education, and experience were significantly associated with business performance. Hence, age and marital status were not significantly associated with the business performance of women-owned small enterprises. Business characteristics such as the age of business, location of the business, and type of business were significantly associated with business performance.
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Bhandari, Pratikshya, and Fuangfa Amponstira. "Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Profitability of Women Owned Enterprises in Pokhara City, Nepal." International Business Research 13, no. 10 (September 17, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n10p66.
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Entrepreneurial orientation is defined as an organization's strategic orientation, which seizure an organization's strategic making practices, managerial philosophy, and the organization's behavior, which are entrepreneurial. This study investigates the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the profitability of women-owned enterprises in Pokhara City, Nepal, through mixed research method qualitative and quantitative analysis. The primary data were obtained from an in-depth interview with two experts of government offices and sixteen personnel/founder from women-owned enterprises. Secondary data were collected from Nepal Government and The World Bank. The study found that entrepreneurial orientation and its various dimension (Proactiveness, Innovativeness, Risk-taking, Competitive Aggressiveness, and Autonomy) are the major influencing factors to increase the profitability of women-owned enterprises.
Furthermore, in the present context, women-owned enterprises should concentrate more on innovativeness to achieve profitability. Women should overcome all the issues and challenges they face at the personal level, social level, financial level, and government level, which will be vital in improving women-owned enterprises' business growth. The finding of this study helps the women-owned enterprises be more entrepreneurial to sustain and grow in the competitive market environment amid huge challenges and barriers.
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Wambui, Rachael, and Stephen Muathe. "From Attention to Action: Entrepreneurial Networks and Performance of Women-Owned Enterprises: A Theoretical Review." International Journal of Business and Management 16, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n2p82.
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In the contemporary business context, the firm’s attractiveness and growth potential are demonstrated by its performance among other factors. Research has shown that women owned enterprises that utilize networking avenues to advance their businesses results in significant firm performance. Thus the objectives for the study were to discuss the key constructs of entrepreneurial networking and performance of women owned enterprises, to review theories that link entrepreneurial networking and performance, to recommend a conceptual framework that guides future studies on the highlighted knowledge gaps, and to recommend a methodological framework for future study. The study was anchored on Resource Based View, Dynamic Capability Theory, Social Capital, and Structural hole theory. The study was a desktop review of global theories related to entrepreneurial networking and performance in of women owned enterprises. Further, the empirical review was based on cross-sectional studies that explored entrepreneurial networking and performance of women owned enterprises. The studies reviewed were mainly conducted in the last ten years in developing nations in Africa and other parts of the world. The limitation of this study is that it only provides secondary data on existing studies on entrepreneurial networking and the performance of women owned enterprises. The findings indicated that these studies were convergent on the direct relationship between entrepreneurial networks and performance. A conceptual gap identified was the lack of moderating and mediating variables. The study recommended that future studies should incorporate, dynamic capabilities as a mediating variable and the business operating environment as moderating variable. Such studies should adopt explanatory non-experimental and descriptive research designs in collecting primary data which is crucial for filling the knowledge gaps identified in this study. Finally, a constructionist approach is proposed since the study seeks to add knowledge in the women entrepreneurship realm.
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Leszczyński, Dariusz. "The Investigation into Motivations, Success Factors and Barriers Among Women Small Business Owners: An Overview of Extant Literature." International Journal of Management and Economics 39, no. 1 (October 17, 2014): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2014-0024.
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Abstract Women entrepreneurship, as an object of scientific inquiries, has elicited suitable recognition among researchers during the early 1980s. However, female business owners have attracted far less attention from the academic community than their male counterparts despite their reported increasing contribution towards the economic growth of both developed and emerging nations. This article attempts to bridge this gap in knowledge by providing readers with an overview of influential international research papers that investigate some of the key issues presented in the literature about women small business management and entrepreneurship. The studies discussed herein examine the motivation of women to establish frms; a variety of definitions of favorable performance applied in studies; the most important determinants of success in business, and the barriers encountered by businesswomen in the process of setting up as well as running their respective companies. In the final section, the author provides some future directions of research in areas touched upon in this paper that could be explored by scholars. Finally, the paper highlights key policy recommendations for decision-makers that are aimed at encouraging women to enter into entrepreneurship and fostering the growth of existing female-owned frms.
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Sospeter, Nyamagere G., and Mariam I. Nchimbi. "Insights on Impact of Business Development Services on Growth of Women Owned Enterprises in Tanzania." Journal of Management and Strategy 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v9n1p82.
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This paper presents findings of the study that aimed at assessing the impact of business service providers (BDS) on growth of women owned MSMEs in Tanzania. Based on interviews conducted to five BDS providers and women owned micro and small enterprises (MSMEs) it was revealed that most women entrepreneurs were not aware of the existence of BDS providers and their services. For those who had used BDS, they were generally satisfied with their benefits and they continue using the services. Furthermore, the findings show that BDS assisted entrepreneurs in formalizing their businesses, increased business management and technology capacity, market coverage and contributed to business growth.Findings calls for the government, BDS providers and other key stakeholders to raise the level of awareness to women entrepreneurs on the availability and importance of using of BDSs. Government and donor community should advocate for business environment reforms that lowers the barriers to BDS providers for them to operate effectively and provide affordable services. BDS providers should focus on demand driven services in a more holistic and participatory way than they are currently doing in order to improve the quality, sustainability and development of the women owned MSMEs.
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Sathye, Milind, Biman Prasad, Dharmendra Sharma, Parmendra Sharma, and Suneeta Sathye. "Mobile Value Added Services in Fiji." Journal of Global Information Management 25, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2017040101.
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While mobile phones are making significant inroads in many developing countries, little is known about the institutional drivers, policy barriers and industry challenges that affect their use for business growth of micro- enterprises. The authors address this gap. After conducting semi-structured interviews of 74 women-owned micro entrepreneurs and ten key informants from the government and industry in Fiji, the authors found that appropriate policy framework, supporting infrastructure and appropriate ecosystem are required for rapid uptake of mobile value added services by women-owned micro entrepreneurs. They contribute by proposing a revised technology adoption framework as well as the four shackles theory of women micro entrepreneurs' empowerment and emancipation. The authors also highlight the policy initiatives necessary to accelerate the growth of women-owned micro enterprises by mobile value added services which could also guide other developing and emerging economies.
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Dutta, Arijita, Sharmistha Banerjee, Olivia Sarkar, Arkadipta Roy, Ashish Kumar Sana, and Sudeshna Basu Mukherjee. "Emergence of Women-Owned SMEs as a Game-Changer of Malaysia in the Era of Digitalization." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.3.1626.
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Given the current constraints of the Malaysian economy to grow beyond the middle-income trap, the women owned small and medium enterprises are envisioned to be the game changers, to lead the Malaysian economy out of the middle-income trap. While the microenterprises owned by women are expected to bring in more inclusiveness and gender-parity in the economy, the small ventures can feed in the big business to act as an enabler of growth, and the medium enterprises have the potential to emerge as driver of growth themselves. The authors posit that classical constraints faced by women-owned SMEs, mostly rooted in resource crunch may be partially overcome by using the digitalized platform and e-commerce infrastructure of the country. However, state-level evidence suggests that majority of women-owned SMEs (WOSME) belong to micro and small sectors, with limited ability of job creation. Also, the presence of medium firms is highly skewed towards traditional low-technology sectors, in spite of educational and technical exposure. The success of these WOSME is actually dependent on the nature of the big business and the state-level economic and social characteristics, rather than the utilization of digital platforms by SMEs. This supports the evidence that success of WOSME is still heavily dependent on the large business enterprises, representing the classical structure. Absence of any effective policy to encourage women SME entrepreneurs in Malaysia constricts WOSMEs from playing the role of game-changer in the digitalized economy, in spite of their extremely high potential. Policies in the country appeared to be ethnicity-conscious, rather than gender-centric.
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Kumar, Jitendra, VIVEK AGRAWAL, and Sucheta Agarwal. "Exploration of factors for promoting women-owned digital enterprises: A conceptual viewpoint." International Journal of Business Excellence 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbex.2020.10036360.
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Smith, Robert A., and Helle Neergaard. "Telling business stories as fellowship-tales." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-08-2014-0026.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the “Fellowship-Tale” as an alternative tale type for narrating entrepreneur stories. The authors illustrate this by telling the Pilgrim business story. It is common for the deeds of men who founded businesses to be narrated as heroic entrepreneur stories. Such fairy tales are dominant narratives in Western culture but do not resonate with everyone, particularly women. Consequentially, many businesswomen do not engage in the rhetoric of enterprise. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative, analytic approaches adopted in this study include narratology, semiotics and aesthetics. This complementary triage helps us appreciate the complexity of entrepreneur stories while unravelling the nuances of the tale. It also permits triangulation of the data gathered from an in-depth interview of the respondent with newspaper and Internet research. Findings – The research indicates that “fellowship-tales” provide a viable and credible alternative to the fairy-tale rendition common in entrepreneur and business stories. Research limitations/implications – An obvious limitation is that one merely swaps one narrative framework for another, albeit it offers dissenting voices a real choice. Practical implications – This study has the potential to be far reaching because at a practical level, it allows disengaged entrepreneurs and significant others the freedom to exercise their individual and collective voices within a framework of nested stories. Originality/value – A key contribution is to challenge the hegemony of a dominant and embedded social construct allowing new understandings to emerge via a novel combination of research methodologies.
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Dzisi, Smile, and Christopher Selvarajah. "Innovation and the Success of Women's Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i1.2.
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Innovation is fast becoming a crucial factor in enterprise performance, growth and survival. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated how innovation leads to success in larger enterprises. Literature addressing innovation in small enterprises in developing countries is limited; most studies in this field are from developed countries. This study therefore aimed at filling the gap by firstly, exploring the innovations introduced in the Ghanaian women-owned small enterprises, and secondly finding out the relationship between these innovations and the women's business success. The innovative practices explored were the introduction of new products and processes, identification of new sources of raw materials and new markets. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in data collection and analysis. Data has been obtained from a survey of 421 Ghanaian women entrepreneurs and interviews conducted with 50 of those women. The results in the study indicated that the small enterprises engaged in various types of innovative practices such as the adoption of fuel efficient processing methods, diversification of product line, improved packaging and opening of new market outlets. These innovative practices have contributed to the success of the enterprises. Their success factors include self-fulfillment, wealth creation and positive impact on the Ghanaian economy. These findings have policy implications for improved technology and funds allocation to enhance women's role in economic development.
Keywords: Innovation; Business growth; Women-owned small enterprises; Schumpeter's entrepreneurship perspective.
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Janovac, Tatjana, Verica Jovanović, Pavle Radanov, and Saša Virijević Jovanović. "Woman’s entrepreneurship – female participation in loss-making SMEs." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 39, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2021.1.39.
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The paper explores the ownership structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which fell into a debt crisis due to business failures, in order to indicate the differences between male and female entrepreneurs. We conducted the empirical research on a sample of 186 small and medium-sized loss-making enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained by descriptive statistical analysis of the observed sampleshow that the participation of female companies among loss-making enterprises is considerably low. The ratio of companies owned by women and those owned by men was 18.8%: 81.2%. Furthermore, we have recorded a significant difference in the amounts of debt, indicating that female companies have significantly lower debt rates when compared to those owned by men. The findings of this research can be applied as a strategic framework for policymakers to encourage female entrepreneurship.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad, and Mohammad Bin Ismail. "Absorptive Capacity, Innovativeness and the Performance of Micro-enterprises in Malaysia." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 21, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262917716729.
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This study examines the effect of the entrepreneur’s innovativeness and absorptive capacity on micro-enterprise innovativeness and the performance of micro-enterprises owned and managed by women micro-entrepreneurs in Peninsular Malaysia. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and stratified sampling methods, and collected complete data from 417 micro-entrepreneurs. Findings of this study reveal that women micro-entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and absorptive capacity have a significant positive effect on micro-enterprise innovativeness and the performance of micro-enterprises. The development programmes and policies on innovation and SMEs should therefore emphasize on promoting innovativeness and improving the absorptive capacity among the women micro-entrepreneurs to improve the performance of micro-enterprises.
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Sikolia, Dorothy, Rev Dr Paul Mathenge, and Dr Joseph Ntale. "Socio-Cultural Factors and Growth of Women-Owned Micro and Small Enterprises in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.453.
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Purpose: This study focused on the social- cultural factors and growth of Micro and Small enterprises owned by women in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The study sought to investigate the social –cultural factors that influence the growth of women-owned MSE enterprises in Likuyani sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives for the study were :-To determine the influence of literacy on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, determine the influence of discrimination on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County, find out the effects of domestic commitments on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County and to establish the influence of social networking on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County, Kakamega County.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 729 women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County who were sampled using Stratified sampling to arrive at an adequate sample of 252 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data. Validity and reliability tests were done on the research tool through piloting before administration. The data collected was analyzed using quantitative analysis to produce descriptive statistics and inferential analysis to predict a study model.Findings: The study findings showed that; literacy, discrimination, domestic commitments and social networking, had a significant positive influence on the Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County. In conclusion, the study revealed at 5% level of significance, 67.7% of variation in Growth of women-owned MSEs in Likuyani Sub County being explained by literacy levels, discrimination, domestic commitments, and social networking.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that; women in Kakamega County should seek to access basic secondary school education at minimum to attain some basic entrepreneurial skill and business skills access; the county government of Kakamega should take stringent measures for ensuring that section of the constitution of Kenya relating to gender equity and rights of women are keenly observed for eliminating discrimination; there should be equal sharing of domestic commitments and promotion of women rights through equal gender division of labour between husband and wife or within the family, women within the county should build strong social networking
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Bodolica, Virginia, and Martin Spraggon. "Life on heels and making deals." Management Decision 53, no. 5 (June 15, 2015): 984–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2013-0552.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues related to entrepreneurial undertakings of women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the purpose of contributing to the development of context-dependent knowledge of entrepreneurship. Focussing on the life narratives of two expatriate female business-owners who created a common enterprise, the case permits to uncover and critically assess the different stages of the entrepreneurial process in a unique cultural setting. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a narrative case study approach to allow for a rich contextual information to emerge from the detailed accounts of individual lives and entrepreneurial experiences of case protagonists. Data were gathered from multiple sources (e.g. interviews, e-mail exchanges, web sites) and subsequently analyzed and coded into prevalent themes by two researchers and one assistant independently, permitting to achieve both data and investigator triangulation. Findings – This case elucidates the entrepreneurial journey of two female expatriates who launched their individual businesses and joined efforts in the establishment of Heels and Deals (H & D), a network that helps UAE-based women-entrepreneurs reach their professional aspirations within a patriarchal society. The cofounders are now at a cross-roads where they have to make a choice between running their own businesses to secure their sustainability and focussing on H & D to lead its international expansion. The narratives of the case protagonists allow contrasting the discovery and creation views of entrepreneurship and examining the role of leadership skills and personality characteristics in entrepreneurial success. Originality/value – Despite an increasing number of businesswomen in the UAE, little is known about the way they approach the complex entrepreneurial process and deal with challenges and opportunities faced on the road. The case bridges this gap by offering the possibility to reflect on how expatriate female entrepreneurs in a Middle-Eastern context balance multiple trade-offs to succeed in their business-related endeavors.
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Leszczyński, Dariusz. "Exploration of Key Success Factors that Influence Business Performance: The Experiences of Women Micro-entrepreneurs from Mazovia Voivodeship of Poland." International Journal of Management and Economics 51, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0020.
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Abstract Women-owned businesses are one of the fastest growing categories of firms in the world, but they are greatly understudied in countries from the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) [Zapalska et al., 2005]. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between business success predictors and the performance of female-owned micro-enterprises from the Mazovia Voivodeship in Poland during the period 2011–2013, using an Internet-based survey questionnaire. The data were collected by the CAWI (computer assisted web interview) and CATI (computer assisted telephone interview) methods. Exploratory factor analysis, correlation coefficients analysis and multivariate regression models were deployed to investigate the empirical data. This study contributes to the limited body of literature on factors that positively affect the business performance of female entrepreneurial undertakings, using the context of the Polish experiences. Drawing on Gartner’s [1985] typology and “the resource-based view of the firm” theory, a theoretical research model was developed and verified empirically using three multivariate regression models. “Model A” displayed the highest explanatory power of the predicted dependent variable “Composite business performance” (R2 = 42,3). Our findings suggest that the most successful female business owners in the region were ideally 30–39 years old; completed a university education; had at least three years of business experience; displayed above average entrepreneurial orientation; and adopted a business strategy to deal with competitors. Moreover, the better performing women-owned micro-enterprises hired qualified and experienced employees (“hman capital”); offered products or services to domestic and international customers; were able to attract business sector clients; and had sufficient resources (“financial capital”). It is recommended that this research be replicated in other countries from the CEE region (e.g. Czech Republic) for comparative purposes.
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Mahmuddin, Mahmuddin, Siti Nur Zalikha, and Fatmawati Fatmawati. "PARTISIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN BUMG DI GAMPONG BLANG KRUENG KECAMATAN BAITUSSALAM KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR." Al-Ijtima`i: International Journal of Government and Social Science 5, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jai.v5i1.464.
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The village is the foremost and closest government agent and is able to directly touch the interests of the community. One of its efforts is through the establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), which in Aceh are called the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMG). In its management, BUMG has several management principles, one of which is participation. Therefore, women also have the right to participate in the management of BUMG. Blang Krueng Village is one of the villages that has the best BUMG in Aceh and the 2016 National level of participation category. This study aims to look at the participation of women in the management of BUMG in Blang Krueng Village and the factors that influence women's participation in the management of BUMG in Blang Krueng Village. In this study, researchers used descriptive qualitative research. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the management of BUMG Blang Krueng Village has involved women in the planning process, delivery of aspirations, implementation and evaluation. In organizing, women are also involved as managers. It can be seen from 11 (eleven) business units that have been established, there are 5 (five) Blang Krueng BUMG business units which are chaired by women
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Mochache, Pamela Nyanchama, and Florence Memba. "Effect of Non-Financial Factors on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Service Industry in Kenya: A Case of KISII County." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation 2, no. 1 (April 12, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v2i1.6857.
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The important role that entrepreneurship played to combat unemployment, wealth creation and the alleviation of poverty was not underestimated, especially in regions with growing unemployment rates. Women entrepreneurs could contribute significantly to economic development in Kenya, but their contribution had been documented to be wanting. Although it was challenging for both men and women to start and sustain a successful business, women faced unique challenges in their business ventures. The objective of this study was to assess non-financial factors influencing the business performance of women entrepreneurs for women-owned enterprises in Kisii County. The study was based on the factors affecting the business performance of women entrepreneurs operating within Kisii County involved in micro and small businesses in the service industry. The study attempted to determine the constraints of women entrepreneurs in the service industry by identifying constraints limiting their business performance.
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Rosenbaum, Gitte Ohrt. "The role of export promotion programs in the internationalisation of female-owned enterprises." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 11, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-01-2019-0002.
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Purpose While the role of government-funded export promotion programs (EPPs) on the international activities of small ventures has been previously documented, they do not appear to have been hitherto studied in a gendered context. This is unfortunate given the evidence suggesting growing numbers of female entrepreneurs with strong international orientation. Thus, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the experiences and practices of women entrepreneurs with regard to EPPs. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on personal interviews with eight female-owned international entrepreneurial ventures in the fashion design industry in Denmark. A qualitative research design was used to explore the experiences of the women entrepreneurs regarding different types of EPPs and their various providers, and the data were analysed and interpreted using the NVivo software program. Findings The results show that while the level of awareness of EPPs was generally high, the programs were overwhelmingly perceived to be overly expensive, excessively time-consuming, insufficiently specific and largely irrelevant. When the women business owners had availed themselves of their services, the usefulness of the EPPs was deemed to be largely imperceptible. Plausible explanations for these results may be found in the gendered entrepreneurial literature. The study’s findings provide important gendered insights to government support agencies charged with promoting the internationalisation of female-owned small businesses. Originality/value This study presents novel gendered findings of the experiences of female entrepreneurs regarding the role played by EPPs in the growth of their firms on international markets. It contributes to the literature on the growing phenomenon of female international entrepreneurs.
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Gichuki, Castro Ngumbu, Milcah Mulu Mutuku, and Lydia Nkatha Kinuthia. "Influence of participation in “table banking” on the size of women-owned micro and small enterprises in Kenya." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2013-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the inability to access affordable credit in Kenya which hinders many women entrepreneurs from either starting their own or expanding existing enterprises and capital base. The emergence of table banking groups attempts to fill the existing credit gap. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey involving 225 randomly selected women entrepreneurs who participate in table banking groups within Nakuru Municipality was conducted. Data collection comprised a questionnaire whose reliability coefficient was 0.83 at 0.05 confidence level. Findings – Results indicated that a majority women entrepreneurs aged between 20 and 60 years with 71 per cent of them married. Further, 44 per cent had attained secondary-level education, while no illiterate entrepreneurs participated in the study. A positive increase in the number of employees, after members participated in table banking groups, was realized. Credit received from table banking influenced changes in the size of enterprises. Originality/value – The study shows that availability, affordability and accessibility of credit from table banking groups led to positive growth of women-owned enterprises.
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Orser, Barbara, Allan Riding, and Julie Weeks. "The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 11, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 6–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-02-2019-139.
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Purpose Because procurement policies are one of the means of redressing discrimination and economic exclusion, the US Government has targeted 23 per cent of its annual half-trillion dollar spend to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 5 per cent of its spend to women-owned businesses. Design/methodology/approach The research framework is informed by two theoretical paradigms, feminist empiricism and entrepreneurial feminism, and uses a secondary analysis of survey data of active federal contractors. Findings Empirical findings inform the extent to which certifications are associated with bid frequency and bid success. The results indicate that none of the various certifications increase either bid frequency or bid success. The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms. Research limitations/implications The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms. Practical implications Recommendations include the need to review the impact of consolidated tenders on designated (as certified) SME vendors and to train procurement personnel about the economic contributions of women-owned businesses. Originality/value This research studies the efficacy of various certifications, with particular reference to that of women-owned, on the frequency with which SMEs bid on, and succeed in obtaining, US federal procurement contracts.
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Mauro, Paoloni, Valeri Marco, and Paoloni Paola. "Development Perspectives of Relational Capital in Women-Led Firms." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 9 (August 15, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n9p66.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the strategic role of relational capital for the achievement of sustainable development in Italian micro and small tourist businesses run by women. The paper focuses on the tourism enterprises because that sector constitute 10 % of the Italian GDP. The qualitative research methodology that has been used is that of case study research (Yin, 2009). Such process consisted in a survey with an ad-hoc questionnaire developed to analyze the distinctive features of a woman-owned micro and small enterprise that can be identified with the CAOS model (Paoloni, 2011). The paper applies the CAOS model examining the personal characteristics of the female entrepreneur (C); the environment in which the in SMEs operates (A); organizational and managerial aspects (O); and the motivations for manage a new business (S). This model is able to link these factors and classify different types of connections, it is possible to identify the kind of existing relations. The paper intends to help address a gap in the existing literature regarding the management and governance of tourism firms run by women. The paper can contribute to improving the competitiveness Italian enterprises studying how women entrepreneurs manage her business.
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Obiria, Lenard Osiemo, and James Rugami Maina. "Influence of Financing on Performance of Small and Medium Women Owned Enterprises in Kwale County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 2, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v2i2.130.
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Studies done by researchers around the world show women are in entrepreneurship in major towns and rural areas of Africa. Financial institutions have developed various products to boost their entrepreneurial spirit together with government support programmes with an aim to avail credit and increase the success rate of women owned businesses. The study sought to determine the influence of capital on performance of small and medium enterprises owned by women entrepreneurs. The main variables under focus included; access to capital, working capital structure, capital affordability and government finance programs. The study will fill a research gap as there is no known study to have been done in Kwale county. The theoretical framework forming the basis of the study consisted of; resource-based theory, dynamic trade off theory and access to capital theory. A comprehensive literature review was given for each variable and their relationships highlighted. The study adopted a descriptive research design, a population of 2000 and a sample of 600 SME owners. Furthermore, the study used questionnaires for data collection that were hand delivered to respondents after validity and reliability through pilot testing techniques. Data collected was coded, sorted and analyzed by use of simple regression model with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences application. The study was conducted in line with ethical requirements by seeking permissions from the university and government institutions before commencement of the study. Data from 501 respondents was analysed representing 83.5% of the sample. The results indicated that access to capital, capital affordability, working capital structure and government finance programs had a positive influence on performance of women owned SMES. The study concluded that for women entrepreneurs to perform well in their business, efforts should put in place to ensure capital is made accessible, affordable while enlightening them on what alternatives sources of capital are available; whether from the government or private sector, for better working capital structure. Finally, the study recommended that studies should be conducted on influence of knowledge, skills and management styles on the performance of women owned SMES in Kwale County.
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Alhassan, Eva Atu, Mabel Akosua Hoedoafia, and Elvis Adam Alhassan. "Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Business Profile of Women Owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Case Study of the Tamale Metropolitan Area." Business Management and Strategy 7, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v7i1.8934.
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<p>Despite the vital role of women entrepreneurs in the economic development of their families and countries, it has been revealed that they have low business performance compared to their male counterparts. In this paper, an analysis of the business profile and entrepreneurial characteristics of women owned Small and Medium Enterprises in the Tamale Metropolis has been carried out. A cross-sectional design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a variety of women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs who have benefited from microcredit were selected using simple random sampling. They were then categorized based on their economic activities. The study found that, the level of education of the respondents was generally low; over 69% had no formal education, 20% had primary education, 9.5% had secondary and 1% had tertiary education. Furthermore, 54.2% of the enterprises were managed by the entrepreneurs’ themselves whiles 7.8% were run by the owner and other non-family employees. Also Only about 3% of the businesses surveyed were registered.</p>
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Nepal, Ratna Mani, and Om Kumari Ramtel. "Entrepreneurial Productivity of Single and Non Single Women of Kathmandu Metropolitan City." Management Dynamics 23, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/md.v23i1.35584.
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Despite that women’s socio-economic status is poor, there involvement in entrepreneurial development is low. Data shows that women’s participation in income generating activities and their access to property is quite unsatisfactory. Globally, only eight percent small scale-manufacturing units are owned and operated by women. Compared to the universal statistics, Nepal’s scenario is different because the country owns more than six lakhs small scale manufacturing units. In these units women’s participation is relatively higher. Certain ethnic community, especially the Newar and Tibeto–Burman highland groups such as the Sherpa, Gurung and Thakali, are known to have a long tradition of women being involved in small business enterprises. However, women’s ownership of these enterprises is extremely low. This study aims to examine the entrepreneurial status of single and non-single women who are engaged in entrepreneurial activities in Kathmandu Metropolitan city. It also analyzes the entrepreneurial productivity of the enterprises run by the women. In order to discuss the objectives, primary data was collected from field work. This study found that single women’s involvement in the small businesses was encouraging. The entrepreneurial productivity of the enterprises run by single-women was higher than non-single women.
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Rantšo, Tšepiso A. "Factors affecting performance/success of small-scale rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2014-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the different factors that determine the performance or success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. Evidence shows that small-scale enterprises in developing countries are confronted with different challenges and problems that make them less viable. As a result, the capacity of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in employment creation, income generation and providing the means of livelihood to the poor people is not significant. In Lesotho, many people who are retrenched from the South African mines are absorbed in small-scale, non-farm enterprises to make a living. However, small-scale enterprises are faced with different challenges. The research findings suggest that factors leading to success/performance of rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho include gender of the entrepreneur, age of the entrepreneur, ability of the entrepreneur to establish wider social networks, large population/market, availability of communication networks and infrastructure, participation of enterprises in the international market and costs of doing business and competition. In this regard, the paper makes policy recommendations that can be used to improve performance/success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyse data. Findings The main finding of the research is that foreign competition hinders the success of non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. The research findings further reveal that enterprises owned by women make the highest turnover compared to those owned by men. Practical implications This study brings in different factors that can ensure or hinder success/performance of small-scale, rural non-enterprises. Originality/value The research paper is of value in that it is the first study in Lesotho that considers different factors that determine business success in relation to employment creation, turnover and profitability.
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Jovanovic, Olivera, and Milena Lazic. "Women Entrepreneurship in Serbia – Potentials and Constraints." JWEE, no. 3-4 (December 17, 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee18.34.pp60-72.
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In today’s modern society, entrepreneurship is considered to be the driver of economic and social development and the important source of competitive advantage. With that regard and taking into account the empirically proven positive relationship between the gender equality and the level of sustainable economic and social development, the subject of this paper is the assessment of the position of women entrepreneurs in Serbia. The main objective is to identify business and environmental barriers with which female entrepreneurs are confronted. The results of conducted research suggest that there exists a huge potential for the development of women entrepreneurship in Serbia. The women entrepreneurs in Serbia are confronted to significant barriers in their everyday business activities especially taking into account the difficulties in accessing the necessary information about potential markets and technology and even the potential sources for their financing. At the same time they are facing with family care activities and other social norms within the community in which they live. The results are useable for creating supportive and encouraging environment for entrepreneurship in Serbia, especially for women-owned enterprises during business development.
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Gupta, Namrata, and Anita Mirchandani. "Investigating entrepreneurial success factors of women-owned SMEs in UAE." Management Decision 56, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0411.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key factors affecting the success of women entrepreneurs who own and manage Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in UAE. The extant literature on the relationship between determinants of entrepreneurial success points to a lack of clarification of the link between success factors (Personal, environmental and other) and performance of women-owned SMEs particularly in UAE. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire, through mail survey, is used to collect the data. Cronbach’s α test and factor analysis have been carried out to test the reliability of data and validate the hypothesis. Findings The results suggested that the personal, environmental factors and government support affect positively and significantly to the success of women-owned SMEs in UAE. Research limitations/implications The study has some limits as to its potential for generalization owing to the sample size, wide geographic spread of respondents and time limitations with the respondents. Practical implications The results indicate that several factors including personal, environmental and government support are linked with the success of women entrepreneurs of UAE. The results of this study will provide some insights to policymakers and business practitioners to formulate the strategies intended to promote unveiled potential among women entrepreneurs in UAE. Originality/value Most of the studies focused on women entrepreneurship have taken either their motives or the hurdles faced by them into consideration. Moreover, only a few studies have been carried out in Arab world particularly in UAE. Therefore, this study is an attempt to fill the gap and contribute to a better understanding of UAE’s women-owned SMEs.
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Neneh, Brownhilder Ngek. "Family Support and Performance of Women-owned Enterprises: The Mediating Effect of Family-to-Work Enrichment." Journal of Entrepreneurship 26, no. 2 (July 28, 2017): 196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355717716762.
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The objective of this article was to examine the mediating role of family-to-work enrichment (FWE) on the relationship between family support and the performance of women-owned businesses. Empirical data from 251 women entrepreneurs in South Africa were used to assess the postulated relationship. The findings showed that all three examined types of family support (i.e., emotional, instrumental and financial family support) were positively associated with firm performance. Additionally, affective FWE mediated the relationship between emotional support and performance, while instrumental FWE mediated the association between instrumental family support and performance. The study culminates with a discussion of the implications of the study, by emphasising the need for the current system to take into account the distinctive needs and challenges of women entrepreneurs and provide the necessary support and environment to foster their growth and prosperity.
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Sarmah, Ankita, Bedabrat Saikia, and Dhananjay Tripathi. "Can unemployment be answered by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises? Evidences from Assam." Indian Growth and Development Review 14, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-09-2020-0140.
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Purpose Generating meaningful employment has become a major concern for countries across the globe to break the vicious circle of poverty. Employment creation becomes more intricate in a developing economy like India where the population is at an incessant rise, without a simultaneous increase in the employment generation. In the event of situations of mounting unemployment, micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) being largely labour-intensive have been claimed as a significant contributor in an economy’s development to induce employment generation. The study at hand is an attempt to gauge the overall contributions of MSMEs in employment creation in Assam, a developing region of the Indian sub-continent. However, most importantly, the purpose of this paper is to determine if men and women are differently employed in the sample MSMEs and if the pattern of employment creation is different across male and female-owned sample MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a uniquely large sample of 320 MSME entrepreneurs with an equal representation of 160 each from male and female entrepreneurs. Secondary data sources were also consulted. Study areas comprising Kamrup-Metropolitan and Kamrup-Rural, depicting both urban and rural Assam, respectively. The choice of activities undertaken by the entrepreneurs includes a wide variety of 12 activities pertaining to all the MSME entrepreneurs in general and certain gender-specific in particular. The two hypotheses (H01 and H02) formulated were tested using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the growth rate of employment generation in Assam along with the growth rate of the number of MSMEs established and investment made by the MSMEs were computed. Findings The calculated growth rate of employment creation, capital investment and MSMEs established were found to be positive. Based on the results of the Chi-Square test and Cramer’s V test, this paper establishes a strong association between the MSMEs and the total employment generation by the sample entrepreneurs (H01). The primary data suggested that 320 MSMEs are Employing 2,766 people in the study area with an average of 8 people per unit. Employment in the service sector is higher than the manufacturing units with an average of 4 people per unit. Another vital finding of the study professed that the women-owned MSMEs have a relatively lesser number of people (32.2%) employed than their male counterparts (67.8%). The mean rank of male entrepreneurs is considerably higher (211.49) testifying a higher employment creation by the male-owned MSMEs than the women-owned (H02). Moreover, women (33.4%) are thinly employed than men (66.5%). Women entrepreneurs were seen to have mostly limited themselves in micro-units followed by small-units. In terms of the nature of employment, full-time employees (81.8%) supersede part-time employees (6.6%). The pattern of self-employment is equal (5.8%) across both male and women entrepreneurs. MSMEs have been well identified as an impeccable answer to mitigate the problem of mounting unemployment. Originality/value The novelty of the study lies in its meticulous and explicit understanding of the employment scenario in Assam by the MSMEs. Empirical works on employment creation by the MSMEs in Assam were fundamentally based on secondary data sources. The study fills in the gap by providing a holistic picture of employment creation based on both primary and secondary data, but prominently on the primary. The study accounts details about the nature of MSME employment, the gender of the MSME employees, employment creation by male and female MSME entrepreneurs, the growth rate of MSME employment and self-employment to name a few
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Singh, Kaushalendra Pratap, Saumya ., and Chetna K. Rathore. "Gendered Dimensions of Trade: Evidence from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Space and Culture, India 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i1.1096.
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International trade has traditionally played an essential role in driving women-centric economic empowerment. Women’s participation as owners or managers has remained consistently low over the years. In India's case, a previous study conducted by UNDP revealed that women entrepreneurs preferred engaging in informal cross-border business as it was less risky with no tax burdens and their discomfort in dealing with male customs officials (UNDP, 2016). One of the critical limitations of active business engagement is socio-economic and cultural restriction, especially at the grassroots level. The case in Arunachal Pradesh is no different, as the concept of entrepreneurship of women in this field is a relatively recent phenomenon. In Arunachal Pradesh, the market is mainly controlled by women, yet women's participation in small and medium enterprises is less in number. In this context, the current paper discusses the nature of women entrepreneurs’ role in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cross-border trade. It unveils the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Arunachal Pradesh and along with industrial and policy-related bottlenecks. The discussion is based on the primary data collected from the women-led/managed/owned MSMEs to study the gender dimensions of trade in Arunachal Pradesh. The findings of the study are that women entrepreneurship primarily gravitates around smaller-sized firms, with most women-led enterprises accounting for micro-enterprises in the formal sector. Like elsewhere in Arunachal Pradesh too, there remain socio-economic and cultural restrictions, especially at the grassroots level. Women lag in terms of awareness about import and export, technology, and dedicated bank accounts.
Submitted: 16 October 2020; Revised: 18 March 2021; Accepted: 08 April 2021
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Bayisenge, Rachel, Hu Shengede, Yves Harimana, Jean Bosco Karega, Margret Lukileni, Muhammad Nasrullah, Hu Xinrui, and Beneyo Emmerance Nteziyaremye. "Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises Run by Women in Generating Employment Opportunity in Rwanda." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n3p14.
Full textAbstract:
Small and Medium Enterprises are the key to the national economic development as a way to improve its population livelihood. The main reason for this sector is a potential employment with the low cost of the capital. The contribution of small and medium enterprises run by women in society was recognized to the employment generation, gender equality and economic development. A personnel initiative, vision, and innovation to grow their businesses are well needed. In this research 15 districts out of 30 were selected to get all needed data, and thirteen (13) women were communicated in each selected district (15) as a sum of a hundred and ninety-five (195) correspondents. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyze data, and questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Our results have been proved that small and medium enterprises run by women and sustainability of Rwandan economic development were closely related as the SMEs run by women increase and employment opportunities also increase. It was noted that women owned SMEs is a central driving effort behind gender equality, poverty reduction, and job creation. Therefore, it is recommended that the government might set the policy to encourage women in doing business whereby women in different regions of Rwanda should be given enough attention in economy activities through both small and medium enterprises, and entrepreneurship.
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Etim, Alice S. "The ICT convergence and impact on women-owned micro and small business enterprises: an analysis based on information poverty." International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies 3, no. 3 (2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsds.2020.10026363.
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Etim, Alice S. "The ICT convergence and impact on women-owned micro and small business enterprises: an analysis based on information poverty." International Journal of Gender Studies in Developing Societies 3, no. 3 (2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsds.2020.104607.
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Hazarika, Bhabesh, and Kishor Goswami. "Micro-entrepreneurship Development in the Handloom Industry." International Journal of Rural Management 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005218754437.
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Women entrepreneurship is gaining importance all over the world for addressing the development issues of women. Since the inception of the five-year plans, the Government of India has been giving attention towards mitigating the development issues of women such as labour force participation, empowerment, education and gender inequality. Women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are contributing significantly towards the economic development of the nation through employment and income generation, poverty eradication, and by bringing entrepreneurial diversity in the economic activities. The handloom industry offers an appropriate setting to analyse the significance of the rural women-owned micro-enterprises towards local economic development. With archaic hand-operated looms, the production mechanism takes place mostly in the rural areas. The present article analyses the factors that affect tribal women to own a handloom micro-enterprise. It is based on primary data collected at firm level from two major tribes in Assam, namely Bodo and Mising. The data were collected from five different districts in Assam where tribal communities are operating handloom businesses. Within the framework of random utility model of economic choice, the findings of the probit model show that age, knowing other handloom micro-entrepreneurs, past history of family business, access to borrowing and risk-taking behaviour have significant and positive influences on the decision of a woman in becoming a handloom micro-entrepreneur. The study suggests for an all-inclusive policy approach for the overall development of handloom industry in the tribal areas.
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SERVON, LISA J., M. ANNE VISSER, and ROBERT W. FAIRLIE. "THE CONTINUUM OF CAPITAL FOR SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, no. 03 (September 2010): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001579.
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Since the 1990s, interest in the role of small and microenterprises (SMMEs) in economic development has garnered considerable attention throughout academic and practioner circles. Widely known for their potential to help stimulate economic growth and as a potential avenue for poverty alleviation, the purpose and promise of small businesses have been widely publicized. However, to date, little research exists that adequately documents the specific capital needs of very small businesses (those with less than 20 employees) and microenterprises (those with less than 5 employees) and their owners at specific points in a business's development and growth. Using data from the 1992 Characteristics of Business Owners Survey, the 2002 Survey of Business Owners and the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances, we analyze the different types of firms in the United States, the amount of capital used by firms of different size and the sources of capital used by firms of different sizes to assess how capital needs and sources differ for those businesses with less than 20 employees. Paying particular attention to businesses owned by women and minorities, we argue that the path of SMMEs differs substantially from the typical path of larger small businesses. In addition, we highlight the implications of our findings and provide our policy recommendations to address them.
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ROOMI, MUHAMMAD AZAM. "IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN THE GROWTH PROCESS OF WOMEN-OWNED FIRMS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 17, no. 04 (December 2009): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495809000436.
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Drawing upon the Churchill and Lewis stage growth model of enterprises, this study explains the role of social capital possessed by women entrepreneurs in different stages of growth within their firms. Friends and family as well as women-only networks in the start-up stage; customers, staff, and suppliers in the survival stage; mixed networks as well as business and professional advisers in the success and take-off stages; and suppliers and/or distributors in the maturity stage have been found to be the main sources of women entrepreneurs' social capital. In particular, the study highlights industry differences as well as norms of behavior based on trust and obligation through which they successfully transform their contacts into useful resources. The availability of these resources as well as access to information, advice, and ideas act as a catalyst in developing and growing their businesses.
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Abor, Joshua, and Nicholas Biekpe. "SMEs' Access to Debt Finance." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 7, no. 2 (May 2006): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006776928627.
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This study compares the use of external debt finance by male-and female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana to determine whether female-owned firms are less likely to use debt as a source of financing their operations. The results indicate that the capital structure of SMEs is influenced by the legal form, location, size, age and profitability of the firm and the educational background and gender of the entrepreneur. They also suggest that female-owned SMEs are significantly less likely to employ debt finance. The findings seem to support the notion that there is adverse discrimination in the lending process, placing women at a disadvantage. Females may not be able to penetrate informal networks as well as males, which clearly could affect their ability to gain access to useful information and sources of capital. Also, female-owned firms tend to be small sole-proprietorship businesses; thus, they may lack the necessary collateral to qualify them for debt finance. There is generally high conformity in the results of this study with similar studies in other parts of the world. Recommendations are given to help promote female-owned SMEs in Ghana.
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Paoloni, Paola, and John Dumay. "The relational capital of micro-enterprises run by women: the startup phase." VINE 45, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vine-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how relational capital contributes to the startup phase of women-owned micro-enterprises. The motivation for the study stems from the fact that micro-enterprises are key drivers of economic growth and that woman entrepreneurs are key developers of these businesses. Design/methodology/approach – To gather data for our study, a qualitative research methodology was adopted using a case study approach based on examining current events of real life in depth (Yin, 2009). Nine cases of micro-enterprises run by women are analysed, focusing on the management of the start-up phase to investigate the nature and role of the relationships that are activated by the entrepreneurs. Findings – The paper develops the CAOS model of micro-entrepreneurship, examining the personal characteristics of the female entrepreneur (C); the environment in which the micro-enterprise operates (A); organizational and managerial aspects (O); and the motivations for starting a new business (S). Using this model, the authors’ are able to link these factors and classify different types of connections, it is possible to identify the kind of existing relations. From the analysis, it was found that a predominant use of networks characterized by informal and permanent relations, supporting the need to reconcile work and family and to involve relatives and friends in the network. This emphasizes the lack of strategy in the female-run micro-enterprises. Originality/value – Given that female entrepreneurship is regarded as central to the development and welfare of economies, the deepening of knowledge of how women entrepreneurs manage the start-up of her business can contribute to improving the effectiveness policies aimed at promoting the participation of female entrepreneurs in the economy.
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Wright, Robert E. "Bank Ownership and Lending Patterns in New York and Pennsylvania, 1781–1831." Business History Review 73, no. 1 (1999): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116100.
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Unlike most contemporary New England banks, early commercial banks of the Middle Atlantic region were widely owned and frequently traded corporations. They lent to a broad segment of the business community, including artisans, farmers, and women. Banks lent widely, first, because their large capitalization made it difficult for a few privileged insiders to control a substantial percentage of loanable funds and, second, because banks were able to acquire reliable credit information on a variety of customers in an efficient manner. As a result, small enterprises had access to bank credit.