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1
Kürtösi, Katalin. "Poets of Bifurcated Tongues, or on the Plurilingualism of Canadian-Hungarian Poets." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 6, no. 2 (2007): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037153ar.
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Abstract Poets of Bifurcated Tongues, or on the plurilingualism of Canadian-Hungarian Poets — This article aims at an analysis of the plurilingualism of four poets of Hungarian origin, living in Canada: Robert Zend, George Vitéz, László Kemenes Géfin and Endre Farkas. Before examining the poems themselves, the various concepts of plurilingualism and the aspects of grouping these poems, including the code-switching strategies used in them, are reviewed. The base language and the nature of code-switching is discussed with a special emphasis on the relationship of grammatical units, intra- and intersentential switches within contexts where plurilingualism occurs. The first three poets have become bilinguals as adults: they form part of Hungarian literature as well as of Canadian writing. The last one, however, has a childhood bilingualism and is considered an English-Canadian Poet. Since they have a twofold minority status (Hungarian origins, plus writing in English in Montréal), analysis of these poets requires a special approach. The main hypothesis of the article is that, when using more than one language within the same work, the author is able to reach special effects which would be otherwise impossible. These poems, plurilingual in nature, also show that, for these authors, language is of multiple use: not only is language a tool of communication, but also the theme of some of their poems: they are often self-reflexive, making formal and semantic experimentation possible.
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Akram, Habeeb. "Nineteenth century American metaphysical women poets." International Journal of English and Literature 7, no. 1 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijel2015.0853.
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Light, A. "Outside History? Stevie Smith, Women Poets and the National Voice." English 43, no. 177 (1994): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/43.177.237.
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Ware, Tracy. "An English-Canadian Poetics. Vol. 1, The Confederation Poets (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 80, no. 2 (2011): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2011.0099.
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Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.
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The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris. Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.
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Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.
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The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris. Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.
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Ramayya, Nisha. "Poetry in Expanded Translation: Audre Lorde, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Harryette Mullen, Don Mee Choi." English: Journal of the English Association 69, no. 267 (2020): 310–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efaa031.
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Abstract In this article, I discuss the politics and poetics of translation in the work of Audre Lorde, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Harryette Mullen, and Don Mee Choi, considering each poet's ideas about translation and translation practices, suggesting approaches to reading and thinking about their work in relation to translation and in relation to each other. I ask the following questions: in the selected poets' work, what are the relationships between the movement of people, the removal of dead bodies, and translation practices? How do the poets move between languages and literary forms, and what are the politics and poetics of their movements with regards to migration, dispossession, and death, as well as resistance, refusal, and rebirth? I select these poets because of the ways in which they confront relationships between the history of the English language and literature, imperialism and colonialism, racialisation and racism, gendered experiences and narratives, and their own poetic practices. These histories and experiences do not exist in isolation, nor do the poets attempt to circumscribe their approaches to language, representation, translation, and form from their lived experiences and everyday practices of survival and resistance. The selected poets’ work ranges in form, tone, and argument, but I argue that their refusal to circumscribe politics and poetics pertains to their subject positions and lived experiences as racialised and post/colonial women, and that this refusal is demonstrated in their diverse understandings of translation and translation practices.
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Berger, z”l, Shlomo. "A Question of Tradition: Women Poets in Yiddish, 1586–1987." Journal of Jewish Studies 67, no. 1 (2016): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/3274/jjs-2016.
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Trehearne, Brian. "Canadian Modernism at the Present Time." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 4 (2018): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0226.
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The article critiques major debates in Canadian modernist criticism and assesses their impact on readerships in the present time of anti-elitism, resurgent nationalisms, and widening distrust of expertise. Feminist critics articulate women writers' conflictual relations to the modernist canon and have restored or introduced disregarded female poets to an academic readership. Commentators on ‘antimodernism’ defend traditional writers of the period against modernist ridicule and suggest an antimodernist nostalgia for indigenous national authenticity within modernist writing itself. Leftist critics emphasize the political radicalism of major Canadian modernist writers as well as promoting and editing little-known authors who share their politics. Theorists critique the editorial practices of the field and promote genetic editing and digital publishing. Three less prominent trends are likelier to provoke and keep new readers for Canadian modernism: philosophically and ethically driven criticism; renewed attentiveness to cosmopolitanism in Canadian modernist discourse; and candid engagement with the problem of Canadian modernism's derivation from modernisms elsewhere.
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MacDonald, Sharon, Beverly Boutilier, and Alison Prentice. "Creating Historical Memory: English-Canadian Women and the Work of History." Labour / Le Travail 48 (2001): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25149167.
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Mitchinson, Wendy, Beverly Boutilier, and Alison Prentice. "Creating Historical Memory: English-Canadian Women and the Work of History." American Historical Review 104, no. 2 (1999): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2650407.
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Potter, John. "The singer, not the song: women singers as composer-poets." Popular Music 13, no. 2 (1994): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000007054.
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In his comprehensive celebration of women singers in the twentieth century, Wilfrid Mellers proposed a three-stage socio-musical evolution from the jazz, blues and gospel songs sung by black women, through the black-inspired white singers who followed them, to a new synthesis of singing poet-composers (Mellers 1986). Within this third category, very much the main point of the book, Mellers deals in considerable detail with a range of singer/song writers, from Joni Mitchell and Dory Previn to Rickie Lee Jones and Laurie Anderson. In this article I should like to take this concept of the woman singer/song writer as a point of departure from which to look at two very different kinds of singer: different, that is, both from each other and from any of the singers dealt with in the Mellers book. It has always seemed to me to be characteristic of much of Wilfrid Mellers' writing (and certainly of Angels of the Night) that he never lets his musicological agenda get in the way of his fundamental enjoyment of the music as a fan trying to make sense of his own taste. The reader can accept or reject his thoughts about the significance of it all, and not get so blinded by musicology that you cannot face listening to the songs: that, after all, is in the end what we are supposed to do. In what follows, I, too, write as a fan, but since performers do not often get the chance to bite back at musicologists, I should also like to take the opportunity to question from a singer's point of view a certain kind of performance analysis used by many musicologists. The subject is fraught with ideological booby-traps, so I should confess right away that I am a middle-class, middle-aged English married father.
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Jenainati, Cathia. "Mapping the Female Self through the Canadian Landscape: Short Stories by Canadian Women Writing in English." Literature Compass 6, no. 1 (2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00587.x.
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Hagood, T. "Inventing Black Women: African American Women Poets and Self-Representation, 1877-2000; Writing the Roaming Subject: The Biotext in Canadian Literature." American Literature 80, no. 2 (2008): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-2008-015.
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Hershey, David R. "TEN NOTABLE WOMEN HORTICULTURISTS IN THE HISTORY OF HORTICULTURE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1115a—1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1115a.
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There are many notable women horticulturists who deserve greater recognition in college horticultural curricula. Ten notable women in horticultural history, listed alphabetically, are,Jenny Butchart (1868-1950) - Created Butchart Gardens.Beatrix Farrand (1872-1959) - American landscape gardener, famous for Dumbarton Oaks and many other landscapes.Annie Jack (1839-1912) - Canadian horticultural author.Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) - English landscape gardener.Martha Logan (1702/04-1779) - Pioneer nurseryman.Jane Loudon (1807-1858) - English horticultural author.Isabella Preston (1881-1965) - Canadian plant breeder.Theodosia Burr Shepherd (1845-1906)- Pioneer California flower seed grower/breeder and retail florist.Harriet Williams Russell Strong (1844-1926) - Pioneer in irrigation and in the California walnut industry.Cynthia Westcott (1898-1983) - The plant doctor.
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Cooke, Nathalie. "Creating Historical Memory: English-Canadian Women and the Work of History (review)." Biography 23, no. 1 (2000): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.1999.0006.
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Wu, Zheng, and Douglas E. Baer. "Attitudes Toward Family and Gender Roles: A Comparison of English and French Canadian Women." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 27, no. 3 (1996): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.27.3.437.
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Watson, Bruce McIntyre. "Some Reflections on Jean Barman’s French Canadians, Furs and Indigenous Women." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 27, no. 2 (2017): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040570ar.
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As a coda to Jean Barman’s book, Bruce McIntyre Watson proposes extending her wider definitional embrace of French Canadians to include the early Scots in Canada, particularly those who descended from the eighteenth-century Jacobites who, in Scotland, had allied themselves with the French to provide a bulwark against English dominance. He also advances Jean’s reasons for marginalization and subsequent amnesia of the early French-Canadian fact west of the Rockies squarely on literacy or lack thereof. Although memory of the French-Canadian fact was retained to some degree by First Nations’ oral tradition, he proposes that the early French Canadian/canadien’s failure to present a written record to establish a founding narrative became, for the wider community, an agent of amnesia rather than an instrument of memory.
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Chuilleanáin, Eiléan Ní. "The Ages of a Woman and the Middle Ages." Irish University Review 45, no. 2 (2015): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2015.0172.
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This essay springs from the experience of translating the Old Irish ‘Song of the Woman of Beare’, and from researching its reception in the twentieth century. The poem was rediscovered in the 1890s and the scholarly reaction is tinged with Victorian preoccupations, including the bohemian cult of François Villon. In Ireland it is aligned with Pearse's ‘Mise Éire’, and with the work of later poets such as Austin Clarke. But as well as voicing the ancient text, the Woman of Beare appears in folklore in both Ireland and Scotland, and there are interesting parallels and divergences between the traditions of scholarship and the figure in the popular imagination. My account of the impact of both text and myth shows a development through the mid-twentieth century and into the twenty-first, in the work of poets writing in both Irish and English. In recent decades the work of women poets has engaged with the myths of the Cailleach as Goddess, and they have thus confronted questions of the legitimacy of treating the past, and especially mythology and folk beliefs, as a source for poetry. I believe it would be foolish for a poet who has the knowledge and critical intelligence to do it properly to ignore such a resource.
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Boberg, Charles. "Foreign (a) in North American English: Variation and Change in Loan Phonology." Journal of English Linguistics 48, no. 1 (2020): 31–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424219896397.
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Previous research has shown that Canadian English displays a unique pattern of nativizing the stressed vowel of foreign words spelled with the letter <a>, like lava, pasta, and spa, known as foreign (a), with more use of /æ/ (the trap vowel) and less use of /ah/ (the palm vowel) than American English. This paper analyzes one hundred examples of foreign (a), produced by sixty-one Canadian and thirty-one American English-speakers, in order to shed more light on this pattern and its current development. Acoustic analysis is used to determine whether each participant assigns each vowel to English /æ/, /ah/, or an intermediate category between /æ/ and /ah/. It reports that the Canadian pattern, though still distinct, is converging with the American pattern, in that Canadians now use slightly more /ah/ than /æ/; that men appear to lead this change but this is because they participate less than women do in the Short Front (Canadian) Vowel Shift; that intermediate vowel assignments are comparatively rare, suggesting that a new low-central vowel phoneme is not emerging; that the Canadian tendency toward American pronunciation is not well aligned with overt attitudes toward the United States and American English; and that the national differences in foreign (a) assignment result not from structural, phonological differences between the dialects so much as from a complex set of sociocultural factors.
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Badir, Patricia. "Playing Solitaire: Spectatorship and Representation in Canadian Women's Monodrama." Theatre Research in Canada 13, no. 1 (1992): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.13.1.120.
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This article analyses the performer/spectator dynamic present in the text and performance of some Canadian one-woman plays, and considers the re-positioning of the female as subject and the possible construction of an ideal female spectator. The article looks at both English- and French-language monologues in an attempt to understand the effects of cultural difference on performer/spectator relationships, focusing on Jovette Marchessault's Les Vaches de nuit, Marie Savard's Bien A moi, Sharon Pollack's Getting it Straight, Pamela Boyd's Inside Out, Beverly Simon's Preparing, and Janet Feindel's A Particular Class of Women.
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Warmuzińska-Rogóż, Joanna. "Od przekładu do twórczości, czyli o quebeckich feministkach, anglokanadyjskich tłumaczkach i przekładowym continuum." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, no. 40 (2018): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.40.04.
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From Translation to the Writing: On the Quebec Feminists, Anglo-Canadian Women Translators and the Translation ContinuumThe article presents the unique relationship between French- and English- -speaking translators in Canada, which has resulted in a great number of interesting translation phenomena. The author makes reference to the distinction between feminist translation and translation in the feminine, derived from literature in the feminine, both widely practiced in Quebec. One of the representatives of this trend was Suzanne de Lotbiniere-Harwood, mostly French-English translator, known for her translations of Nicole Brossard’s works. Her activity, as well as that of other translators, contributed to the spread of the idea of translation in the feminine among Canadian writers and theoreticians. What is more, their cooperation has resulted in the creation of the magazine Tessera and in the emergence of a range of phenomena on the borderline between translation and literature. This relationship is also a rare example of the impact of “minor literature”, which is the literature of Quebec, on the English-language Canadian literature.
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Uniyal, Ranu. "Voices of Resolution and Resistance in Indian Women’s Poetry." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 66, no. 1 (2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2018-0003.
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Abstract Contemporary Indian women’s writing is a challenge to existing male ethos and sexual ideology based on unequal power relations. Earlier domesticity and sexual relations were couched in silence and acceptance; today, they have become an intrinsic part of feminist discourse. Indian women poets converse in a language that threatens the status quo and propose to open up a separate space for those on the margins. The paper examines the essence of power dynamics in contemporary Indian women’s poetry in English. Poetry with its hidden metaphors and lilting images demonstrates an urge to dissolve the barrier between speech and silence. It also demands to be read differently. The desire to write leads to the ability to act with courage.
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Chai, Choon-Lee, Kayla Ueland, and Tabitha Phiri. "The Use of Human Capital and Limitations of Social Capital in Advancing Economic Security among Immigrant Women Living in Central Alberta, Canada." Social Sciences 7, no. 11 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110220.
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In this research, the challenges of using human capital and the effectiveness of social capital as an alternative resource used by immigrant women from non-English-speaking countries living in Central Alberta for them to attain economic security are studied. Evidence indicates heavy use of bonding social capital by immigrant women—primarily through family, ethnic, and religious networks—as a “survival” resource at the initial stage of settlement. The bonding social capital is relatively easy to access; nevertheless, in the case of visible minority immigrant women living in Central Alberta, bonding social capital has limited capacity in helping them to obtain economic security because their family and friends themselves often lack economic resources. As a result, these immigrant women are expected to compete in the labor market using their human capital to obtain higher-paying jobs. The challenge among immigrant women remains in seeking recognition of non-Canadian credentials, and/or successful acquisition and deployment of Canadian credentials in the primary labor market.
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MacPherson, Chelsey, Brian James MacLeod, Lodaidh MacFhionghain, and Laurie Stanley-Blackwell. "Converses with the Grave: Three Modern Gaelic Laments." Genealogy 5, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5010022.
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Within Scottish deathways, the Gaelic lament has long served as a poignant and powerful outlet for loss. In this creative piece, three Canadian-born, Gaelic-speaking poets present their previously unpublished Gaelic laments along with English translations. This collaborative article is designed to demonstrate, in a creative rather than an academic format, that the venerable lament tradition continues to enjoy longevity and vitality in the present day as a literary expression of grief among Gaels. This article further demonstrates that modern Gaelic laments are not constrained by a strict fidelity to literary rules but strive instead to work creatively within tradition while reaching their audiences in a relevant and resonant way. For each poem, the author offers a personal contextualization for his/her lament, which serves to explain the source of inspiration and demonstrates how the work draws upon and reflects its literary roots. In recognition of the strong oral tradition present within Gaelic poetry, this article includes an audio recording of each of the three authors’ laments.
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Fillion, L., and P. Gagnon. "French Adaptation of the Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States." Psychological Reports 84, no. 1 (1999): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.188.
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The French adaptation and validation of the short version of the Profile of Mood States is examined. A sample of 110 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 50 men with prostate cancer were administered the French Canadian adaptation of the shortened version of the profile (37 items). Means, test-retest correlations, and internal consistency coefficients (alpha) replicated the English initial validation. These results support the reliability of the French Canadian version. In addition, significant decrease from initial to retest testing for Anxiety, Depression, and Confusion subscales also supported construct validity.
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Mustapha, Nadira. "The Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 1 (2004): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i1.1827.
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The Canadian Council of Muslim Women (CCMW) held its Twenty-firstAnnual Conference, October 4, 2003 at Crowne Plaza, Montreal, Quebec.CCMW was established in 1982 to attain and maintain equality, equity,and empowerment for Canadian Muslim women in the North Americansetting. Participants from across Canada came to celebrate CCMW’srenowned presence throughout the nation as well as to discuss issuesrelated to the conference: “Engaging Muslim Women in Civic and SocialChange.” The conference was officially opened with the reading of theQur’an in Arabic, English, and French, followed by the Girl Guides ofCanada, Muslim Chapter, singing the Canadian national anthem. Theywere accompanied by the CCMW attendees.Dr. Homa Hoodfar (Concordia University, Quebec) opened the conferencewith the first session: “Building Civil Society in our TransnationalWorld.” Civil society, defined as a society ruled by laws and norms andobeyed by the governing body and the public, was discussed, along with itsrelationship in dealing with such minorities as Muslim women in Canada.A civil society permits a group of people to lobby and work with the publicin a democratic system to facilitate change and development. However,transnational support and solidarity are required in conjunction with lobbying.Hoodfar effectively illustrated this concept by bringing to light theorganization Women Living under Muslim Law (WLUML), which currentlycomprises 4000 individuals and organizations and has surveyed theimplementation of Islamic law in many Islamic countries. Along with servingas a platform to network, the organization exists as a powerful institutionto help Muslim women earn their civil rights and liberties.The presentation “Restoring the Glory of Muslim Women: Leadership,Scholarship, and the Family” by Dr. Azizah al Hibri (University ofRichmond, Richond, VA) passionately described another influentialwomen’s organization. Al Hibri, who has visited 12 Islamic countries, high ...
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P, Kamalakannan. "Women of the other Epics in view of Periyar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 1 (2021): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21118.
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As English has its influence throughout the world, most of Shakespeare’s works became famous. Even then, one can challenge that so far no one has written anything which can beat down the classical epics and Idhikāsams. There is no much difference between men and women in nature. Both are similar in aesthetics, knowledge, character etc. The respect given to women during Sangam period has got changed. They were refused of their rights in the later literature and in the minds of the poets. The chaste women in the Tamil epics were obedient to their husbands, and on one would have ever questioned their husbands. Akalyai, who accidently lost her chastity is also included in the list of chaste women. Panchali, who is referred as Draupathi, Krishnai, Indhirasenai, Thrihayani is the heroine of Vyasar’s Maha Bharatham, won by Arjuna in Swayamvaram, she became wife of five Pandavas on the words of Kunthi. She appealed to Kannan to safeguard her during the abuse happened to her by Dushyasana, in Dhruyodhana’s court when the game of dice was challenged to her husband. Sita, the heroine of Ramayana is adored as the ‘fire of chastity’, ‘ornament of chastity’ etc. Though Mandodhri condemns her husband’s activities, she is also added to be one among the chaste women as she died immediately following her husband’s death. Periyar appreciates only certain heroine who parallels his ideologies of reasoning, discipline and self-respect and criticizes others.
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Yalden, Maxwell. "Collective claims on the human rights landscape: a Canadian view." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 1, no. 1 (1993): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181193x00086.
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AbstractThis article offers some observations on the emergence of collectivist trends in the human rights movement in Canada and abroad. The author points out that one should be mindful of the distinction between group rights as a shield against normative violations or as a sword against individual or minority entitlement. The issue of collective rights has acquired a remarkable degree of legitimacy in Canada. Having recognized in 1867 the significance of group dynamics in the areas of education, language and religion for the French and English communities, the proposals for constitutional change would enshrine the same benefits for aboriginal people and minorities while underscoring the equality of men and women in all contexts. Similar trends are discerned abroad.
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Carlen, Pat. "Controlling measures." Criminal Justice 2, no. 2 (2002): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17488958020020020301.
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This article compares the ways in which English and Canadian campaigning and reforming discourses aiming to reduce either the numbers of women in prison or the damage done by repressive regimes in the women's prisons have been incorporated via new vocabularies into new policy discourses. It is argued that, in England and Wales, these newly created official discourses on the meaning of women's crime will result both in the increased (anti)social control of women and a rise in the female prison population.
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Boberg, Charles. "A Closer Look at the Short Front Vowel Shift in Canada." Journal of English Linguistics 47, no. 2 (2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424219831353.
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This paper examines several aspects of the “Short Front Vowel Shift” (SFVS) in Canadian English, known in most previous research as the “Canadian Vowel Shift.” It is based on acoustic analysis of a list of one hundred words produced by sixty-one Canadian and thirty-one American university students. The analysis focuses on three questions: (1) the relations among the vowels involved in the shift, including relations with vowels not traditionally considered part of the shift; (2) the behavior of individual words in each vowel category, which displays allophonic variation; and (3) the role of regional and national identity (western versus eastern Canadian, and Canadian versus American) and speaker sex in predicting the degree of participation in the shift, which is measured with a unitary quantitative index of the shift that is proposed here for the first time. The analysis finds that the short front vowels (kit, dress, and trap) lower and retract as a set, but that shifts of several back vowels (particularly foot, goat, and strut) are also correlated but not necessarily structurally connected with these; that following voiceless fricatives favor the SFVS while preceding velars disfavor it; that women are more advanced in the shift than men; that there is no regional difference within Canada in the progress of the shift; and, most surprisingly, that, once the American comparison group is restricted to those with a low-back merger, Americans are more shifted than their Canadian peers, calling into question the association of the shift with Canada in most previous research on Canadian English.
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Bekdache, Gharid Nourallah, and Anne Berndl. "Women with physical disability in pregnancy resident education: a national survey as a needs assessment for curriculum improvement in obstetrics and gynaecology in Canada." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (2019): e024505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024505.
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ObjectivesTo explore the current status to which Canadian obstetrics and gynaecology (Ob-Gyn) programmes teach residents about pregnancy in patients with physical disabilities, and to assess the level of interested in providing formal education sessions in this field. This study also assesses the residents’ perception of their knowledge and their comfort level caring for women with physical disabilities (WWPD), which will further determine the need for incorporation of this topic into the residency curriculum.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingAll Canadian English accredited Ob-Gyn residency programmes.ParticipantsProgramme directors and residents.Main outcome measuresThe current self-reported education and exposure Canadian Ob-Gyn residents have surrounding WWPD in pregnancy, and if there is an interest in further education in this area.MethodsAn online survey was developed and distributed to all Canadian English accredited Ob-Gyn residency programme directors and residents. Answers were collected over a 2-month period in 2017, which consisted of an initial email and two email reminders. Questions were in three key areas: demographic characteristics, knowledge gap and level of interest in a formal method of education.ResultsEighty-four residents and nine programme directors participated in the surveys. Eighty-six per cent of residents and all programme directors responded that there are no formal scheduled training sessions on WWPD as part of the residency curriculum. Two-thirds of the residents reported being uncomfortable with the management issues surrounding a woman with a disability in pregnancy. A vast majority of residents (91.67%) and all programme directors have an interest in incorporating this topic into the residency curriculum to meet the need of pregnant women with disabilities.ConclusionsThis survey indicated that there is both a need for and interest in education in the area of pregnancy and physical disability in the Canadian Ob-Gyn residency programme. This information suggests that the development of educational materials in this area should be considered to address an unmet need with the ultimate goal of improving the care provided to WWPD in pregnancy. Future projects in this area should focus on content development taking into account the CanMEDS and competency-based medical education framework.
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Little, J. I. "Gender and Gentility on the Lower Canadian Frontier: Lucy Peel’s Journal, 1833-36." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 10, no. 1 (2006): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030508ar.
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Abstract This paper examines the gender and class values reflected in the journal of a young English woman who lived with her husband near Sherbrooke during the 1830s. Contrary to the claims of studies dealing with the British gentry in Upper Canada, the lives of the local elite described in Lucy Peel's journal do not conform to the rigid separation of a female private world and a male public one. Men took an active part in the domestic sphere, and women played a central role in maintaining social boundaries.
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Lien, K., L. Yau, K. Van Aarsen, A. Wakabayashi, and M. Bhimani. "LO73: Are women under-represented in emergency medicine residency programs across Canada?" CJEM 22, S1 (2020): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.128.
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Introduction: 2018 data from the Canadian Medical Association website shows that of practicing emergency physicians country-wide, only 31% were female. While there are some studies that examine the number and proportion of Canadian female applicants applying to surgical specialties, there are very few studies that are specific to emergency medicine (EM), and none that are Canadian in scope. Given the changing gender ratio of graduating medical students in Canada, the primary objective of this study is to assess the mean proportion and trends in proportion of females who applied and matched to English-language Canadian EM programs including Canadian College of Family Physicians emergency medicine certificate (CCFP-EM) and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada emergency medicine (FRCPC-EM), family medicine (CCFP) programs, and all specialties combined. Methods: A retrospective data analysis on residency match results from 2013-2019 inclusively was performed. Data was accessed through a freedom of information request from the Canadian resident matching service (CaRMS). The mean proportions and trends in the proportions of females applying and matching to CCFP-EM, FRCPC-EM, CCFP, and all specialties were computed. Cochrane-Armitage trend of test was used for analysis. Results: From 2013-2019, the mean (SD) percentage of females who applied and matched respectively were as follows: CCFP-EM [44.4 (3.5);46.0(4.5)]; FRCPC-EM [41.3(4.1);44.0 (4.5], CCFP [56.5(1.3);61.0(1.9)], all specialties [54.0(1.1);55.5(0.9)]. There was a significant increase in the proportion of female applying to the FRCPC-EM (p < 0.0001), CCFP (p = 0.0002), and all disciplines (p = 0.0013). There was no significant change in the proportion of females applying for the CCFP-EM program (p = 0.6435). Conclusion: Our study shows that there is an increasing trend in the percentage of female applicants in all programs except the CCFP-EM program, where it remained statistically the same over time. There was a consistent percentage of applied versus matched female applicants over time for both CCFP-EM and FRCPC-EM programs. However, the percentage of females applying or matching to both CCFP-EM and FRCPC-EM programs remained less than 50%. Further research could focus on evaluating reasons for program choice, in order to further increase the percentage of female medical students and residents applying and matching to both emergency medicine programs.
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Harris, Mary N. "Beleaguered but Determined: Irish Women Writers in Irish." Feminist Review 51, no. 1 (1995): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1995.31.
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A growing number of Irish women have chosen to write in Irish for reasons varying from a desire to promote and preserve the Irish language to a belief that a marginalized language is an appropriate vehicle of expression for marginalized women. Their work explores aspects of womanhood relating to sexuality, relationships, motherhood and religion. Some feel hampered by the lack of female models. Until recent years there were few attempts on the part of women to explore the reality of women's lives through literature in Irish. The largely subordinate role played by women in literary matters as teachers, translators, and writers of children's literature reflected the position of women in Irish society since the achievement of independence in the 1920s. The work of earlier women poets has, for the most part, lain buried in manuscripts and is only recently being excavated by scholars. The problems of writing for a limited audience have been partially overcome in recent years by increased production of dual-language books. The increase in translation has sparked off an intense controversy among the Irish language community, some of whom are concerned that both the style and content of writing in Irish are adversely influenced by the knowledge that the literature will be read largely in translation. Nevertheless, translation also has positive implications. Interest in women's literature is helping to break down the traditional barriers between Irish literature in Irish and in English. The isolation of Irish literature in Irish is further broken down by the fact that women writers in Irish and their critics operate in a wider international context of women's literature.
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Mottola, Michelle F., Margie H. Davenport, Stephanie-May Ruchat, et al. "2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 21 (2018): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100056.
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The objective is to provide guidance for pregnant women and obstetric care and exercise professionals on prenatal physical activity. The outcomes evaluated were maternal, fetal or neonatal morbidity, or fetal mortality during and following pregnancy. Literature was retrieved through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Education Resources Information Center, SPORTDiscus, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Trip Database from inception up to 6 January 2017. Primary studies of any design were eligible, except case studies. Results were limited to English-language, Spanish-language or French-language materials. Articles related to maternal physical activity during pregnancy reporting on maternal, fetal or neonatal morbidity, or fetal mortality were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. The Guidelines Consensus Panel solicited feedback from end users (obstetric care providers, exercise professionals, researchers, policy organisations, and pregnant and postpartum women). The development of these guidelines followed the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. The benefits of prenatal physical activity are moderate and no harms were identified; therefore, the difference between desirable and undesirable consequences (net benefit) is expected to be moderate. The majority of stakeholders and end users indicated that following these recommendations would be feasible, acceptable and equitable. Following these recommendations is likely to require minimal resources from both individual and health systems perspectives.
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Morgan, Cecilia. "“Of Slender Frame and Delicate Appearance”: the Placing of Laura Secord in the Narratives of Canadian Loyalist History." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 5, no. 1 (2006): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031079ar.
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Abstract In late nineteenth-century English Canada, particularly in Ontario, national identity and discourses of loyalty were frequently linked to Canadian history in general and. specifically, the legacy of the War of 1812. The commemoration of this war was especially important for those writers and historians who wished to maintain the country's link to Britain for, during this conflict, the colonial population had supposedly demonstrated their loyalty and devotion to Britain by helping to repulse American attacks. Both "national" historians and those who were members of the local historical societies that emerged in the 1880s wrote about the war and, in particular, male military heroes such as Major-General Isaac Brock. However, during this period a female symbol of national identity and loyalty to Britain also emerged, that of Laura Secord. While both male and female historians were interested in Secord, it was largely through the efforts of Anglo-Celtic, upper- and middle-class women that Secord became a heroine of the War of 1812. Many of these women were firm supporters of imperialism and the maintenance of British traditions in Canada, as well as being active in women's suffrage groups and other, related causes such as temperance. Their celebrations of Secord's walk and the narratives which they constructed about her contribution to Upper Canadian loyalty are significant not only for their recognition of women s contribution to Canadian history; they also help illustrate the relationships of gender, race, and imperialism in Canadian feminist and nationalist discourses.
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White, Graham. "Continuity and Change: Fifty Years of the Journal/Revue." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1 (2017): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917000117.
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AbstractThis article surveys the first five decades of the Journal/Revue, with particular emphasis on patterns of change and continuity. The article presents a quantitative analysis of the articles published in the Journal/Revue, looking at, among other things, the balance of articles published in English and in French, the proportion of articles authored by women, the location and institutional affiliation of authors and the subject matter of published articles. Significant continuities emerge from the data, such as the predominance of Canadian-based authors writing on aspects of Canadian politics and the dominance of authors from large research-intensive universities. Yet change is also evident, for example in the number of women publishing in the Journal/Revue and in the emergence of articles in subfields not found in the Journal/Revue’s earlier days, most notably Aboriginal politics, gender and politics, and race and ethnicity.
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Backhouse, Constance B. "Married Women's Property Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada." Law and History Review 6, no. 2 (1988): 211–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743684.
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English common-law rules that transferred the property of women to their husbands upon marriage were part of the larger package of laws emigrants from England brought to Canada. These harsh rules left Canadian women in a most unenviable position—the equitable precedents that had evolved in England to prevent the most glaring instances of abuse had less impact in Canada where courts of equity developed slowly and sporadically, and many individuals had no practical access to their jurisdiction. The need for reform of married women's property law was made even more pressing because of an apparently high rate of wife abandonment, which left women without the benefit of matrimonial support, yet still subject to the disabilities of coverture.
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Londry, Michael. "On the Use of First-Line Indices for Researching English Poetry of the Long Eighteenth Century, c. 1660–1830, with Special Reference to Women Poets." Library 5, no. 1 (2004): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/5.1.12.
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Wang, Wendy. "Age and Second Language Acquisition in Adulthood: The Learning Experiences and Perceptions of Women Immigrants." TESL Canada Journal 16, no. 2 (1999): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v16i2.715.
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Although considerable evidence indicates that age of onset for second language acquisition is related to second-language proficiency outcomes among adult learners Jew studies have actually looked at how adult learners of different ages experience and perceive second language acquisition. This study presents 30 women immigrant learners' accounts of their experiences and perceptions of learning English as a second language in the Canadian context. Findings from this study reveal the complexity of adult L2 acquisition, which involves factors pertaining not only to the learners themselves, but also to the social context in which the second language is learned. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the second language curriculum development and classroom practice.
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MacDonnell, Judith A., Mahdieh Dastjerdi, Nimo Bokore, and Nazilla Khanlou. "Becoming Resilient: Promoting the Mental Health and Well-Being of Immigrant Women in a Canadian Context." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/576586.
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This paper reports on grounded theory findings that are relevant to promoting the mental health and well-being of immigrant women in Canada. The findings illustrate how relationships among settlement factors and dynamics of empowerment had implications for “becoming resilient” as immigrant women and how various health promotion approaches enhanced their well-being. Dimensions of empowerment were embedded in the content and process of the feminist health promotion approach used in this study. Four focus groups were completed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada with 35 racialized immigrant women who represented diverse countries of origin: 25 were from Africa; others were equally represented from South Asia (5), Asia (5), and Central or South America and the Caribbean (5). Participants represented diverse languages, family dynamics, and educational backgrounds. One focus group was conducted in Somali; three were conducted in English. Constructivist grounded theory, theoretical sampling, and a critical feminist approach were chosen to be congruent with health promotion research that fostered women’s empowerment. Findings foreground women’s agency in the study process, the ways that immigrant women name and frame issues relevant to their lives, and the interplay among individual, family, community, and structural dynamics shaping their well-being. Implications for mental health promotion are discussed.
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Davies, Gregory A. L., Larry A. Wolfe, Michelle F. Mottola, and Catherine MacKinnon. "Joint SOGC/CSEP Clinical Practice Guideline: Exercise in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 3 (2003): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-024.
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Objective: To design Canadian guidelines advising obstetric care providers of the maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications of aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises in pregnancy. Outcomes: Knowledge of the impact of exercise on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity, and of the maternal measures of fitness. Evidence: MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2002 for English-language articles related to studies of maternal aerobic and strength conditioning in a previously sedentary population, maternal aerobic and strength conditioning in a previously active population, impact of aerobic and strength conditioning on early and late pregnancy outcomes, impact of aerobic and strength conditioning on neonatal outcomes, as well as for review articles and meta-analyses related to exercise in pregnancy. Values: The evidence collected was reviewed by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee) with representation from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, and quantified using the evaluation of evidence guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Exam.Recommendations:1. All women without contraindications should be encouraged to participate in aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises as part of a healthy lifestyle during their pregnancy. (II-1,2B)2. Reasonable goals of aerobic conditioning in pregnancy should be to maintain a good fitness level throughout pregnancy without trying to reach peak fitness or train for an athletic competition. (II-1,2C)3. Women should choose activities that will minimize the risk of loss of balance and fetal trauma. (III-C)4. Women should be advised that adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes are not increased for exercising women. (II-1,2B)5. Initiation of pelvic floor exercises in the immediate postpartum period may reduce the risk of future urinary incontinence. (II-1C)6. Women should be advised that moderate exercise during lactation does not affect the quantity or composition of breast milk or impact infant growth. (I-A)Validation: This guideline has been approved by the SOGC Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee, the Executive and Council of SOGC, and the Board of Directors of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Sponsors: This guideline has been jointly sponsored by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Key words: fetus, neonate, outcomes, aerobic, strength
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Gidengil, Elisabeth, and Joanna Everitt. "Conventional Coverage/Unconventional Politicians: Gender and Media Coverage of Canadian Leaders' Debates, 1993, 1997, 2000." Canadian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 3 (2003): 559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778767.
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This article explores the implications for female politicians of the gendered nature of news coverage. An analysis of the language used in television news coverage of the English-language leaders' debates in the Canadian federal elections of 1993, 1997 and 2000 confirms that the debates are framed in stereotypically masculine ways as battles, sporting events or back street brawls. When the news coverage is compared with the leaders' actual behaviour in the debates, it is clear that the coverage focuses disproportionately on combative displays of behaviour by female party leaders, but tends to ignore the women when they adopt a more low-key style, especially when the novelty of a female leader has worn off.
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Kettig, Thomas, and Bodo Winter. "Producing and perceiving the Canadian Vowel Shift: Evidence from a Montreal community." Language Variation and Change 29, no. 1 (2017): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394517000023.
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AbstractThis paper investigates interspeaker variation in the mid and low short vowels of Jewish Montreal English, analyzing the Canadian Shift in both production and perception. In production, we find that young women are leading in the retraction of /æ/ and the lowering and retraction of /ε/. We furthermore find that across speakers, the retraction of /æ/ is correlated with the lowering and retraction of /ε/, providing quantitative evidence that the movements of these two vowels are linked. The trajectory implied by our production data differs from what was reported in Montreal approximately one generation earlier. In contrast to reliable age differences in production, a vowel categorization task shows widespread intergenerational agreement in perception, highlighting a mismatch: in this speech community, there is evidently more systematic variation in production than in perception. We suggest that this is because all individuals are exposed to both innovative and conservative variants and must perceptually accommodate accordingly.
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Hollington, Michael. "HOME THOUGHTS, FROM ABROAD: THE FANTASY OF “BLIGHTY,” THE REALITY OF HOME." HOME-THOUGHTS, FROM ABROAD XI, no. 31 (2020): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.31.2020.2.
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This paper examines the frequent use of the word ‘blighty’ in First World War poetry and prose to signify from the frontline trenches the longedfor world of home. A word of Anglo-Indian origin, the product of folk etymology, as unlettered soldiers convert ‘bilayati’ meaning ‘foreign’ into something that sounds more familiar in English, it retains its association with the speech of the common soldier in First World War poetry. It modulates in meaning, as the war gets increasingly desperate, and starts in poetry and elsewhere to refer to a relatively minor wound that will get you back home and out of the war. I examine this shift in a number of poets, notably Owen, Sassoon, and Gurney. I also examine the experience of ‘blighty’ from the other end of the telescope, so to speak. That is to say, from the perspective of women writers receiving their men at home and bidding them farewell for the last time. I illustrate such writing in the distinguished novel World Without End by Helen Thomas, the widow of the war poet Edward Thomas.
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Bakker, Peter. "Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 3 (1989): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013505.
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Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French Canada. Many of them married Amerindian women, who were often Cree speaking. Around 1860 the Métis were the largest population group of the Canadian West, many of them multilinguals. From the first decades of the 19th century the Métis started to consider themselves as a separate ethnic group, neither European nor Amerindian (see e.g., Peterson and Brown 1985). The Métis are still a distinct people. The Métis nowadays often speak Cree, Ojibwa, Métif, French and English or a combination of these. They often speak particular varieties of these languages. Not only is the French spoken by the Métis markedly different from other North American French dialects the language called Métif is uniquely spoken among the Métis people. For more information on Métif and Métis languages, see the publications listed in Bakker (1989).
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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Tracie O. Afifi, Sarah Turner, et al. "Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 1 (2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717723825.
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Background: Canadian public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers) are exposed to potentially traumatic events as a function of their work. Such exposures contribute to the risk of developing clinically significant symptoms related to mental disorders. The current study was designed to provide estimates of mental disorder symptom frequencies and severities for Canadian PSP. Methods: An online survey was made available in English or French from September 2016 to January 2017. The survey assessed current symptoms, and participation was solicited from national PSP agencies and advocacy groups. Estimates were derived using well-validated screening measures. Results: There were 5813 participants (32.5% women) who were grouped into 6 categories (i.e., call center operators/dispatchers, correctional workers, firefighters, municipal/provincial police, paramedics, Royal Canadian Mounted Police). Substantial proportions of participants reported current symptoms consistent with 1 (i.e., 15.1%) or more (i.e., 26.7%) mental disorders based on the screening measures. There were significant differences across PSP categories with respect to proportions screening positive based on each measure. Interpretation: The estimated proportion of PSP reporting current symptom clusters consistent with 1 or more mental disorders appears higher than previously published estimates for the general population; however, direct comparisons are impossible because of methodological differences. The available data suggest that Canadian PSP experience substantial and heterogeneous difficulties with mental health and underscore the need for a rigorous epidemiologic study and category-specific solutions.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 67, no. 3-4 (1993): 293–371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002670.
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-Gesa Mackenthun, Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: The wonder of the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. ix + 202 pp.-Peter Redfield, Peter Hulme ,Wild majesty: Encounters with Caribs from Columbus to the present day. An Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. x + 369 pp., Neil L. Whitehead (eds)-Michel R. Doortmont, Philip D. Curtin, The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Essays in Atlantic history. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xi + 222 pp.-Roderick A. McDonald, Hilary McD.Beckles, A history of Barbados: From Amerindian settlement to nation-state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xv + 224 pp.-Gertrude J. Fraser, Hilary McD.Beckles, Natural rebels; A social history of enslaved black women in Barbados. New Brunswick NJ and London: Rutgers University Press and Zed Books, 1990 and 1989. ix + 197 pp.-Bridget Brereton, Thomas C. Holt, The problem of freedom: Race, labor, and politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1991. xxxi + 517 pp.-Peter C. Emmer, A. Meredith John, The plantation slaves of Trinidad, 1783-1816: A mathematical and demographic inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvi + 259 pp.-Richard Price, Robert Cohen, Jews in another environment: Surinam in the second half of the eighteenth century. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991. xv + 350 pp.-Russell R. Menard, Nigel Tattersfield, The forgotten trade: comprising the log of the Daniel and Henry of 1700 and accounts of the slave trade from the minor ports of England, 1698-1725. London: Jonathan Cape, 1991. ixx + 460 pp.-John D. Garrigus, James E. McClellan III, Colonialism and science: Saint Domingue in the old regime. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1992. xviii + 393 pp.-Lowell Gudmundson, Richard H. Collin, Theodore Roosevelt's Caribbean: The Panama canal, the Monroe doctrine, and the Latin American context. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990. xviii + 598 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Ivelaw L. Griffith, Strategy and security in the Caribbean. New York : Praeger, 1991. xv + 208 pp.-W.E. Renkema, M.J. van den Blink, Olie op de golven: de betrekkingen tussen Nederland/Curacao en Venezuela gedurende de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1989. 119 pp.-Horatio Williams, Obika Gray, Radicalism and social change in Jamaica, 1960-1972. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991. xiv + 289 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Brackette F. Williams, Stains on my name, war in my veins: Guyana and the politics of cultural struggle. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991. xix + 322 pp.-A. Lynn Bolles, Olive Senior, Working miracles: Women's lives in the English-speaking Caribbean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press (and Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER),1991. xiii + 210 pp.-Teresita Martínez Vergne, Margarita Ostolaza Bey, Política sexual en Puerto Rico. Río Piedras PR: Ediciones Huracán, 1989. 203 pp.-David J. Dodd, Dora Nevares ,Delinquency in Puerto Rico: The 1970 birth cohort study. With the collaboration of Steven Aurand. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. x + 232 pp., Marvin E. Wolfgang, Paul E. Tracy (eds)-Karen E. Richman, Paul Farmer, AIDS and accusation: Haiti and the geography of blame. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. xiv + 338 pp.-Alex Stepick, Robert Lawless, Haiti: A research handbook. (With contributions by Ilona Maria Lawless, Paul F. Monaghan, Florence Etienne Sergile & Charles A. Woods). New York: Garland, 1990. ix + 354 pp.-Lucien Taylor, Richard Price ,Equatoria. With sketches by Sally Price. New York & London: Routledge, 1992. 295 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Edward L. Cox, Kai Schoenhals, Grenada. World bibliographical series volume 119. Oxford: Clio Press, 1990. xxxviii + 181 pp.-Henry Wells, Kai Schoenhals, Dominican Republic. World bibliographical series volume 111. Oxford: Clio Press, 1990. xxx + 211 pp.-Stuart H. Surlin, John A. Lent, Mass communications in the Caribbean. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 1990. xviii + 398 pp.-Ellen M. Schnepel, Max Sulty ,La migration de l'Hindouisme vers les Antilles au XIXe siècle, après l'abolition de l'esclavage. Paris: Librairie de l'Inde, 1989. 255 pp., Jocelyn Nagapin (eds)-Viranjini Munasinghe, Steven Vertovec, Hindu Trinidad: Religion, ethnicity and socio-economic change.-Alvina Ruprecht, Selwyn R. Cudjoe, Caribbean women writers: Essays from the first international conference. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990. xv + 382 pp.-J. van Donselaar, Michiel van Kempen et al, Nieuwe Surinaamse verhalen. Paramaribo: De Volksboekwinkel, 1986. 202 pp.''Suriname. De Gids 153:791-954. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1990.-J. van Donselaar, Literatuur in Suriname: nieuwe, nog niet eerder gepubliceerde verhalen en gedichten van Surinaamse auteurs. Preludium 5(3): 1-80. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Breda: Stichting Preludium, 1988.''Verhalen van Surinaamse schrijvers. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers. 1989. 248 pp.''Hoor die tori! Surinaamse vertellingen. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Amsterdam: In de Knipscheer, 1990. 267 pp.-Beth Craig, Francis Byrne ,Development and structures of creole languages: Essays in honor of Derek Bickerton. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1991. x + 222 pp., Thom Huebner (eds)-William W. Megenney, John M. Lipski, The speech of the negros congos of Panama. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1989. vii + 159 pp.-Hein D. Vruggink, Clare Wolfowitz, Language, style and social space: Stylistic choice in Suriname Javanese. Champaign; University of Illinois Press, 1992. viii + 265 pp.-Keith A.P. Sandiford, Brian Douglas Tennyson, Canadian-Caribbean relations: Aspects of a relationship. Sydney, Nova Scotia: Centre for international studies, 1990. vii + 379 pp.-Gloria Cumper, Philip Sherlock ,The University of the West Indies: A Caribbean response to the challenge of change. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1990. viii + 315 pp., Rex Nettleford (eds)
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Bourré-Tessier, Josiane, Ann E. Clarke, Rachel A. Mikolaitis-Preuss, et al. "Cross-cultural Validation of a Disease-specific Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Canada." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 8 (2013): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.121129.
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Objective.The LupusPRO, a disease-targeted patient-reported outcome measure, was developed and validated in US patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report the results of the cross-cultural validation study of the English version of the LupusPRO among patients in Canada with SLE.Method.The LupusPRO was administered to English-speaking Canadian patients with SLE. Demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics were obtained, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and LupusPRO were administered. Disease activity was ascertained using the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) and the Lupus Foundation of America definition of flare (Yes/No). Damage was assessed using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Physician disease activity and damage assessments were also ascertained using visual analog scales. A mail-back LupusPRO form was completed within 2–3 days of the index visit. Items tested were internal consistency reliability (ICR), test-retest reliability (TRT), convergent and discriminant validity (against corresponding domains of the SF-36), criterion validity (against disease activity or health status), and known-groups validity.Results.Participants were 123 Canadian patients with SLE (94% women); mean age was 47.7 (SD 14.8) years. The median (interquartile range) SELENA-SLEDAI and SDI were 4 (6) and 1 (3), respectively. The ICR of the LupusPRO domains ranged from 0.60 to 0.93, while the TRT range was 0.62–0.95. Measures observed were convergent and discriminant validity with corresponding domains of SF-36, criterion validity, and known-groups validity against disease activity, damage, and health status. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit.Conclusion.The LupusPRO has fair psychometric properties among Canadian patients with SLE, and prospective studies to establish minimally important difference are continuing.