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1
Heinrich, Katie M., Konstantin G. Gurevich, Anna N. Arkhangelskaia, Oleg P. Karazhelyaskov, and Walker S. C. Poston. "Despite Low Obesity Rates, Body Mass Index Under-Estimated Obesity among Russian Police Officers When Compared to Body Fat Percentage." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061937.
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In some countries, obesity rates among police officers are higher than the general public, despite physically demanding jobs. Obesity rates based on body mass index (BMI) may lack accuracy as BMI does not directly address body composition. Since data are lacking for obesity rates among Russian police officers, this study documented and compared officer obesity rates to the adult Russian population and compared the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) for obesity classification to two direct measures of body composition. Moscow region police officers (N = 182, 84% men) underwent height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) bioelectrical impedance measurements during annual medical examinations. BMI-defined obesity rates were 4.6% for men and 17.2% for women, which were >3 and >1.8 times lower than Russian adults, respectively. WC-defined obesity rates were similar to BMI (3.3% for men and 10.3% for women), but BF%-defined obesity rates were much higher (22.2% for men and 55.2% for women). Although obesity rates were lower than those found among police officers in other countries, BMI alone was not a particularly accurate method for classifying weight status among Russian police officers.
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Dudek, Justyna. "The Officers of the Citizen’s Militia and Public Security Apparatus in 1944–1956 in the Light of Own Studies – a Collective Portrait in a Comparative Perspective." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia 78 (December 22, 2023): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/f.2023.78.127-154.
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The Citizen’s Militia and security apparatus functioned under a single ministry – the Ministry of Public Security. They had a different remit but worked together on many occasions. The article talks about the officers of the two institutions in a comparative perspective. The text is based on statistical summaries compiled by the Ministry of Public Security in the 1940s and 1950s. The Ministry of Public Security’s own studies have shown little difference between the statistical militiaman and officer of the Security Office. In the 1950s, militiamen were characterized by much poorer education and a higher percentage of those declaring religious practices. There were also far fewer women in their ranks. Despite this, the security apparatus officers treated the militiamen as someone inferior, and regarded the transition to the Citizen’s Militia as a demotion.
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Angehrn, Andréanne, Amber J. Fletcher, and R. Nicholas Carleton. "“Suck It Up, Buttercup”: Understanding and Overcoming Gender Disparities in Policing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 7627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147627.
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Women police officers report elevated symptoms of mental disorders when compared to men police officers. Researchers have indicated that the occupational experience of policing differs greatly among men and women. Indeed, police culture is characterized by hegemonic masculinity, which appears to negatively impact both men and women. The current study examined the contrast between the experiences of men and women police officers. Police officers (n = 17; 9 women) in Saskatchewan participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic network analysis identified themes related to the experience of policing for both men and women police officers. There were six organizing themes identified in relation to the global theme of Gendered Experiences: (1) Discrimination; (2) Sexual Harassment; (3) Motherhood and Parental Leave; (4) Identity; (5) Stereotypically Feminine Attributes; and (6) Hegemonic Masculinity. Pervasive gender norms appear detrimental for both men and women police officers, as well as the communities they serve. The current results, coupled with the emerging disposition for progress expressed by police services, offer opportunities to develop tailored and focused interventions and policies to support police officers.
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Joon-young, Hur, and Hwang Duk-yun. "The Effect of Public Officers' Work-Life Balance on Job Satisfaction Differences between Men and Women." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 34, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps34204.
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We performed an empirical analysis based on data from a questionnaire survey that Korean government officers participated in about the effects of worklife balance (WLB) on job satisfaction in order to whether unpaid labor such as housework had a moderating effect on job satisfaction. The subjective balance of an individual’s time input in work and life was used to measure WLB. We find that WLB has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and that there is no statistically significant gender difference. However, the WLB effect on married female officers is smaller than that on single female officers, while it is not significant for male public officers. Child-rearing has a negative moderating effect on women’s job satisfaction, although this was not statistically significant. This result suggests that the effect of the household work burden that marriage as well as child care brings is a variable that policy makers should be keep in mind in developing WLB policies.
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Young, Suzanne. "Policing “uncontrollable banshees”: factors influencing arrest decision making." Safer Communities 14, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-05-2015-0017.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence police officers’ decision making when dealing with young women considered violent. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were carried out with frontline police officers in Scotland on their experiences of responding to incidents where young women displayed violence. Findings – The police officers clearly distinguished encounters with women using violence from those with young men, portraying young women as irrational, unpredictable and uncontrollable. The research found that while gender alone was not a determining factor for arrest, police officers did stereotype young women according to gender norms and these norms could have a bearing on decision making. The findings show that police officers prefer to respond to situations with male perpetrators due to their own difficulties effectively communicating with young women, who are often under the influence of alcohol. Research limitations/implications – The research indicates that police officers, regardless of their gender, have difficulties handling violent incidents that involve young women. This provides scope for further analysis of police training to ascertain whether sufficient guidance is provided to fully equip police officers when faced with aggressive young women. This study focused on police officers’ own views and experiences but future research could consider a more ethnographic approach to observe police decision making in practice to determine whether the stereotypes portrayed were a true reflection of their experiences. Originality/value – This is one of only a very few studies that has explored the relation between gender and arrest decision making. It enhances the understanding of how young women come to be arrested and indicates how police officers are currently ill equipped to effectively respond to young women considered violent.
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Cragg, Sandra F. Miller, and Michael Rothery. "Police Officers' Responses to Assaults Against Women." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 10, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1991-0006.
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The role of police officers in dealing with the problem of domestic assaults against women is critical, since the police are usually the first service providers involved in such situations. In the study reported in this paper, one sample of police officers was asked about how they view and react to spouse abuse: its causes, their role, what works, and what should be done differently. Since this research replicates an earlier study of three Iowa communities, a comparison of samples of officers from rather different contexts is included among the reported findings.
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Yu, Helen H. "Gender and Public Agency Hiring: An Exploratory Analysis of Recruitment Practices in Federal Law Enforcement." Public Personnel Management 47, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026018767473.
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Census data indicate that women are grossly underrepresented in federal law enforcement. As all agencies must compete to attract quality candidates to reflect the diversity of the communities they serve, recruiting and hiring more women should be a priority for all agency leaders. This descriptive and exploratory analysis seeks to understand the recruitment process in federal law enforcement using both qualitative and quantitative data generated from surveys collected from 201 new federal law enforcement officers working in 32 federal law enforcement agencies. The study finds that although recruitment usually precedes hiring, federal law enforcement agencies do not appear to actively recruit their officers. The study further highlights proactive efforts to recruit more women into federal law enforcement.
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Lee, Gyu-Beom. "The Impact of Discrimination against Women on Work Satisfaction among Female Police Officers in the Jeju Region: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Professional Awareness." Korean Association for Terrorism Studies 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46350/kats.2023.16.4.137.
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The job of the police is to prevent crime and, when a crime occurs, quickly initiate an investigation and apprehend the criminal. Recently, the attitude of female police officers in responding to criminals has been socially criticized. However, the police not only responds to crime but also provides security services to the public, so while the role of male police officers is becoming more important, the role of female police officers is also becoming more important. In previous research on the police, research is being conducted focusing on various research topics such as police organization and job satisfaction of police officers. However, research on female police officers' discrimination against women or female police officers' job satisfaction is somewhat limited. In addition, the police profession is an occupation with a strong sense of professional ethics, which means protecting the country and its citizens, and its sense of duty is considered important. Accordingly, this study sought to verify what moderating effect professional consciousness has on work satisfaction among female police officers in terms of discrimination against women. As a result of the study, discrimination against women was found to have an effect on work satisfaction, but the interaction term between discrimination against women and work consciousness did not show statistically significant results. However, it was confirmed that work consciousness affects work satisfaction. In other words, it was confirmed that female police officers have an effect on work satisfaction due to their work consciousness, but that discrimination against women does not affect work satisfaction no matter how excellent their work consciousness is. Based on these research results, discrimination against women, work satisfaction, and professional consciousness of female police officers were discussed.
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Yu, Helen H., and David Lee. "Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019836196.
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Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing literature on police organizations describes an unmistakable culture that celebrates masculine values and a social structure that exists purposely and specifically to repress female officers. Using a survey data set of 1,114 female federal law enforcement officers, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine perceived inclusion and its effects on women experiencing disrespect by male colleagues and incidences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. In addition, reporting behavior is captured for female officers who experience wrongful conduct. The study finds that women who report working in an inclusive organizational culture are less likely to experience pervasive negative attitudes from their male colleagues or occurrences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. However, the existence of an inclusive organizational culture did not show a significant difference in reporting sexual harassment or sexual discrimination if women experienced such wrongful behavior.
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Ali, Susannah Bruns, Sebawit Bishu, and Mohamad Alkadry. "Why Men and Women Want to Leave? Turnover Intent Among Public Procurement Officers." American Review of Public Administration 48, no. 7 (May 6, 2018): 668–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018771744.
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This study examines differences in turnover intent between men and women with the aim of building a better understanding of factors that contribute to disparities between the sexes and creating more useful recruitment and retention strategies. The study proposes a theoretical framework where personal, human capital, organizational, and structural/community factors contribute to the desire to change jobs. The focus here is on procurement officers as their role is critical in public sector organizations from the local to the federal level. They also are unique in that their skill set is transferable from one organization to another and procurement officers have relatively high opportunities to move both within and between organizations. The study finds that there are important differences in the drivers of turnover intent between men and women and that most differences lie in the personal, human capital, and organizational categories.
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Balfour, Gillian. "It’s Your Job to Save Me: The Union of Canadian Correctional Officers and the Death of Ashley Smith." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 32, no. 02 (August 2017): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2017.13.
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Abstract The death of Ashley Smith represents the first time in Canadian legal history that correctional officers were criminally charged in the death of a prisoner under the care of the state. In response to these unprecedented charges, the Union of Canadian Correctional Officers (UCCO) mounted a highly public campaign in defense of the officers. In this article, I review UCCO’s media statements following Smith’s death, submissions to various government review committees, and the current Global Agreement between UCCO and Correctional Service Canada (CSC) regarding federally sentenced women. I suggest these narratives work to reproduce administrative segregation as necessary to manage “troubled young women” who are constituted as an unsafe working condition for officers. I highlight the failure of UCCO to influence government policy, unlike the effective success of unions in the United States, and I challenge the place of UCCO in Canada’s trade union movement.
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Doppler-Speranza, François. "‘Trading Boots for Dancing Shoes’: Women and the Military Expression of the American Century in France, 1917–1967." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.572.
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This article examines the role of women in public diplomacy operations on and around U.S. military bases in France, especially during the Cold War. It aims to illustrate the diplomatic role of military officers’ wives in France and shows the vested interest of the military establishment in cooperating with civilian offices of public diplomacy. The more the United States demonstrated its leadership on the global scene, manifested by a wave of unprecedented military incursions into foreign territories, the more tight government control gave way to a strategy focusing on informal contacts between women of both countries at the local level. This article argues that military wives, often considered a traditional instrument of America’s effort to engage with foreign populations, contributed to the ‘parabellicist’ approach in U.S. public diplomacy, a strategy which aimed to generate ‘a nation in arms’, as has been suggested. The article contends that women’s social and cultural initiatives intended not to influence French women by pushing American values, but to support the U.S. national security effort from the bottom up, which was the most critical challenge underlying the ‘American Century’ in France.
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Angehrn, Andréanne, Colette Jourdan-Ionescu, and Dominick Gamache. "Resilience among police officers: the role of personality functioning and protective factors." Policing: An International Journal 46, no. 3 (June 26, 2023): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-02-2023-0025.
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PurposePolice officers face a unique and challenging occupational experience and report elevated mental disorder symptoms relative to the general population. While gender differences appear to be present in police mental health, this study aims to find which factors foster and promote resilience in these workers and how gender may relate to police resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe present study was designed to explore how protective factors, sexual harassment and personality dysfunction impacted resilience among police officers (n = 380; 44% women). Furthermore, gender differences were also examined on these factors as well as on resilience rate.FindingsMen and women police officers did not differ significantly in terms of resilience, protective factors and overall experiences of sexual harassment behaviors; yet, policewomen subjectively reported having experienced more sexual harassment in the past 12 months than policemen. Men reported greater personality difficulties than women, according to the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorders. Personality dysfunction was the most robust predictor of poor resilience (ß = −0.465; p < 0.001).Originality/valuePersonality fragilities appear to have an important negative impact on the resilience of police officers, over and above protective factors and gendered experiences. Interventions targeting emotion regulation, self-appraisal and self-reflection could help promote resilience and foster well-being in this population.
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Johnston, Karen, and John Houston. "Representative bureaucracy: does female police leadership affect gender-based violence arrests?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315619222.
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Representative bureaucracy theory postulates that passive representation leads to active representation of minority groups. This article investigates the passive representation of female police officers at leadership levels and the active representation of women vis-a-vis gender-based violence arrest rates in the UK. Much of the extant research on representative bureaucracy is located at street level, with evidence showing that discretionary power of minority bureaucrats can lead to active representation. This article is focused on leadership levels of a public bureaucracy. The empirical research is based upon a panel dataset of female police officers as an independent variable and gender-based violence arrest rates as a dependent variable. The analysis reveals that there is little evidence of active representation of women by female police leadership. Points for practitioners The research offers policy and public service practitioners with empirical evidence to suggest that representation of minorities is mediated by organizational effects in public bureaucracies.
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Park, Byung-Joo. "A study on the factors influencing the work-life balance of police officers: Focusing on the comparison between married female police officers and female police officers in the Jeju region." Korean Society of Private Security 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2024.23.1.137.
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Police officials provide security services to the public, have an organizational structure of hierarchy and hierarchy, and enforce the law, so the intensity of their work is relatively high compared to other organizations. Recently, our society places importance on ‘work-life balance’, which pursues work-life balance. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors influence work-life balance due to the nature of work in police organizations. Accordingly, this study used secondary data from the 2021 survey on the work and life of female civil servants in the Jeju region conducted by the Jeju Women and Family Research Institute. Factors influencing work-life balance were selected as promotion factors, work factors, education and training factors, and work awareness factors by reviewing domestic and international previous studies. In addition, this study compared female police officers and married women police officers to identify factors affecting work-life balance. This study attempted to achieve the purpose of the study through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. As a result of the study, work factors and promotion factors were found to be factors affecting the work-life balance of married women police officers, and only work factors were found to have an effect on the work-life balance of female police officers. Based on these research results, we would like to make policy recommendations regarding the work-life balance of police officers.
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McBee, Elexis, Ting Dong, Divya Ramani, Steven J. Durning, and Abigail Konopasky. "Relationship Between Gender and Academic and Military Achievement Among USU Medical School Graduates." Military Medicine 188, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac259.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Despite increases in the number of female matriculants in medical school, civilian data demonstrate that women still struggle to reach parity in attainment of leadership positions. In military medicine, we have seen a major increase in the number of women graduating from the USU. Yet, we still know little about the representation of female military physicians in leadership positions. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gender and academic and military achievement among USU School of Medicine graduates. Methods Utilizing the USU alumni survey sent to graduates from the classes of 1980 to 2017, items of interest, such as highest military rank, leadership positions held, academic rank, and time in service, were used to evaluate the relationship between gender and academic and military achievement. Contingency table statistical analysis was conducted to compare the gender distribution on the survey items of interest. Results Pairwise comparison demonstrated significant differences between gender in the O-4 (P = .003) and O-6 (P = .0002) groups, with females having a higher-than-expected number of O-4 officers and males having a higher-than-expected number of O-6 officers. These differences persisted in a subsample analysis that excluded those who separated from active duty prior to 20 years of service. There was a significant association between gender and holding the position of commanding officer (χ2(1) = 6.61, P < .05) with fewer females than expected. In addition, there was a significant association between gender and the highest academic rank achieved (χ2(3) = 9.48, P < 0.05) with lower-than-expected number of females reaching the level of full professor, in contrast to males who exceed the expected number. Conclusions This study suggests that female graduates of USU School of Medicine have not achieved promotion to the highest levels of rank, military, or academic leadership at the projected rate. Efforts to explore what barriers may impact military medicine’s desire to have more equal representation of women in higher ranks and positions should be undertaken with specific attention to what drives retention versus separation of medical officers and if systematic changes are needed to help promote equity for women in military medicine.
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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Tracie O. Afifi, Tamara Taillieu, Sarah Turner, Julia E. Mason, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Donald R. McCreary, et al. "Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041234.
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Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers and officers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and public safety communications officials (e.g., call center operators/dispatchers)) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). PSP also experience other occupational stressors, including organizational (e.g., staff shortages, inconsistent leadership styles) and operational elements (e.g., shift work, public scrutiny). The current research quantified occupational stressors across PSP categories and assessed for relationships with PPTEs and mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). The participants were 4820 PSP (31.7% women) responding to established self-report measures for PPTEs, occupational stressors, and mental disorder symptoms. PPTEs and occupational stressors were associated with mental health disorder symptoms (ps < 0.001). PSP reported substantial difficulties with occupational stressors associated with mental health disorder symptoms, even after accounting for diverse PPTE exposures. PPTEs may be inevitable for PSP and are related to mental health; however, leadership style, organizational engagement, stigma, sleep, and social environment are modifiable variables that appear significantly related to mental health.
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Hanson, S., J. Engvall, R. M. Sunkutu, J. Kamanga, M. Mushanga, and B. Hojer. "Case management and patient reactions: a study of STD care in a province in Zambia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920172.
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Sexually transmitted disease (STD) case management was evaluated through observation and interviews at 2 urban and 4 rural health centres and 2 district hospital STD clinics in one urban and 2 rural districts in Central Province, Zambia. The analysis was limited to 59 patients (42 men and 17 women) who paid first visits for their disease and were managed by a clinical officer. The evaluation suffered from the lack of a standard for case management. Results showed that the patients engaged in risky sexual behaviour without being aware of the risks. At the health institutions, few patients were informed about condoms, the risk of HIV, and abstinence from sex during treatment and few were asked to notify their partners. Clinical officers with special STD training performed better than others but sill informed only one-fifth of the patients. Few clinical officers managed patients according to the syndromic approach recommended by the STD control programme.
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Ahmad, Noor Sulastry Yurni. "The Corruption Trend among Public Officials in Malaysia: An Overview." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 5 (December 31, 2010): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i5.72.
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The war against corruption is vital to a nation. No one can dispute the negative consequences of corruption, but still, there are those who tend to condone its practice and view it as a necessary evil of economic development. Governments in several Asian and African countries tend to accept this as part and partial of economic development. However, the fallacy of this argument was exposed following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which demonstrated how corruption had short-changed the countries. The example of Singapore was proof of the argument that a clean government is best positioned to handle an economic crisis. Corruption or bribery investigations should not be kept private but placed in the realm of public knowledge. To understand the main factors that lead to the increase of corruption among male officers as compared to women officers is of great importance as it may suggest the suitability of the Malaysian government or the federal government framework in controlling or curbing corruption for the Malaysian community which lay emphasis on traditional norms and values.
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Herring, Chris. "Complaint-Oriented Policing: Regulating Homelessness in Public Space." American Sociological Review 84, no. 5 (September 5, 2019): 769–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419872671.
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Over the past 30 years, cities across the United States have adopted quality-of-life ordinances aimed at policing social marginality. Scholars have documented zero-tolerance policing and emerging tactics of therapeutic policing in these efforts, but little attention has been paid to 911 calls and forms of third-party policing in governing public space and the poor. Drawing on an analysis of 3.9 million 911 and 311 call records and participant observation alongside police officers, social workers, and homeless men and women residing on the streets of San Francisco, this article elaborates a model of “complaint-oriented policing” to explain additional causes and consequences of policing visible poverty. Situating the police within a broader bureaucratic field of poverty governance, I demonstrate how policing aimed at the poor can be initiated by callers, organizations, and government agencies, and how police officers manage these complaints in collaboration and conflict with health, welfare, and sanitation agencies. Expanding the conception of the criminalization of poverty, which is often centered on incarceration or arrest, the study reveals previously unforeseen consequences of move-along orders, citations, and threats that dispossess the poor of property, create barriers to services and jobs, and increase vulnerability to violence and crime.
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Kiwango, Thadei A., and Hemed Omar. "Challenges Confronting Implementation of Electronic Human Resource Information System in Public Institutions." Accountancy and Business Review 13, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59645/abr.v13i2.28.
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The general objective of this study was to determine the challenges in implementing an electronic human resource management system in public institutions in Zanzibar. The study was conducted at the Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elders, Women and Children Zanzibar (MLEEWC). The target population was the employees of MLEEWC, including the directors, officers in charge, heads of departments, human resource and administrative officers, planning officers, IT staff and other official staffs of the Ministry from different departments. The methodological tools that were employed in the data collection include questionnaires, and interviews. The sample size was approximately 85 employees. The respondents were administered with a Likert based structured questionnaire to rank the technological, organisational and environmental(regulatory) challenges for e-HRIS implementation. With the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), descriptive and correlational analysis was used to assess the technological, organisational and environmental challenges in implementing electronic human resource system in MLEEWC. The results show that all the indicators used to assess the technological, organisational and environmental challenges contribute as challenges in the course of e-HRIS implementation and that there was a positive correlation between the three categories of challenges and the e-HRIS implementation. The study recommends for the public institution administrators and particularly policy-maker among other things, to improve technological resources, enhance the management support and establish a sound ICT policy in order to ensure effective implementation of intended information systems.
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Modeawi, Modeste Ndaba, JP Ndolete Geregbia, Gédéon Ngembomba Bindo, Jean-Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, and Monizi Mawunu. "Violation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence Against Women: A Case of Flagrancy in Kisangani City (Tshopo Province), DR Congo." Humanities & Language: International Journal of Linguistics, Humanities, and Education 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2024): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/awr41691.
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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) imposes on signatory States the obligation to implement and apply legal measures promoting equality and the elimination of gender discrimination. The General Assembly adopted it in 1979. Violence against women is, on the one hand, one of the most systematic and widespread forms of human rights violation in the world and, on the other, a socio-economic problem that impacts social harmony, economic growth and threatens overall development progress. The consequences include the deterioration of women’s mental and physical health, disruption of communities, and a decrease in economic productivity. The manifestation of unequal power relations between women and men is one of the most extreme forms of gender-based discrimination and an attack on the dignity and fundamental rights of women and girls. Gender-based violence stems from structural causes linked to the norms and values of a society, culture, or community. These factors legitimize and perpetuate various gender inequalities based on a hierarchy of relationships between men and women, thus contributing to gender-based violence. Harmful stereotypes and traditional expectations further bolster these inequalities, restricting women's autonomy and frequently rationalizing acts of violence. At the beginning of October 2023, a woman was subjected to cruel and degrading treatment, tied up and beaten by law enforcement officers in Kisangani, the capital of Tshopo province, on the orders of her ex-husband; the latter, using his position as a public official, ordered the arrest and beating of his ex-wife by law enforcement officers; As a result, the person who gave the order and the officers who carried out the manifestly illegal order were prosecuted and convicted, in accordance with the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, which requires States to act with due diligence to prevent, investigate and punish acts of violence against women in accordance with national law, whether perpetrated by the State or by private persons. Every woman has the right to respect for the inherent dignity of the human person and to recognition and protection of her human and legal rights. This article is timely and calls for the unfailing application of provisions on respect for the recognised rights of women and girls, in the interests of a fairer and more balanced society.
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Hikmah, Nurul, and Andi Sani. "Gambaran Kesehatan Mental Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Pangkajene." Kampurui Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Journal of Public Health) 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55340/kjkm.v3i2.490.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has not only caused a public health crisis but also social, demographic and economic as well as psychosocial effects. Anxiety caused during pregnancy has a negative impact on pregnancy, such as increasing the risk of preeclampsia, depression, nausea, vomiting and even causing premature labor or negative miscarriage, including pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health picture of pregnant women during the covid 19 pandemic. This study is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach. The population is pregnant women who come to visit for antenatal care activities. The number of samples in this study was 117 pregnant women obtained using the Lameshow formula. the source of data is primary data from interviews using questionnaires while secondary data from MCH data at puskesmas, health offices and related journals. The results of this study found that the description of mental health disorders that occurred in Pangkajene Health Center was 35 people suffering from depression (29.9%), anxiety as many as 52 (44.4%) and stress as many as 21 people (17.1%). It is expected that the officers at the community health service center, namely midwives, doctors and nurses, will not only carry out physical examinations but also provide counseling services for pregnant women who have mental health disorders.
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Tang, Catherine So-kum, Shuk Han Pun, and Fanny Mui-ching Cheung. "Responsibility Attribution for Violence Against Women: A Study of Chinese Public Service Professionals." Psychology of Women Quarterly 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00057.
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This study examined how Chinese public service professionals attributed responsibility to victims and perpetrators of violence against women (VAW). A total of 2,308 Chinese public service professionals in Hong Kong completed questionnaires on attitudes toward women, VAW-related perceptions, and assignment of responsibility to actors in written VAW vignettes. Compared to agency professionals consisting of medical doctors, lawyers, and police officers, communal professionals consisting of psychologists, social workers, and nurses attributed a higher level of responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. For both professional groups, attitudes toward women and educational attainment were the most salient predictors of responsibility attribution to VAW victims and perpetrators. Perceived VAW effects on victims were also a robust predictor of responsibility attribution to perpetrators. With regard to group differences, gender was predictive of responsibility attribution for communal but not for agency professionals. Except for perpetrator responsibility attribution for agency professionals, age was also predictive of how professionals assigned responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators.
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Spasić, Danijela, Marta Tomić, and Ivana Radovanović. "VERTICAL MOBILITY, THE “GLASS CEILING”, AND GENDER DISCRIMINATION: PERCEPTION OF FEMALE POLICE OFFICERS." KULTURA POLISA 21, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2024.21.1r.223str.
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In Serbia women are still discriminated against in all aspects of their public and private lives. The security system, especially police, bears the consequences of structural inequalities. Our research deals with the position of women working in police units. The aim of the research was to define the identities of policewomen in Serbia through their perception of vertical advancement and exposure to gender discrimination. The research will be based on qualitative approach ‒ interviews with women police officers. The sample will consist of 40 respondents from different police units, selected using the snowball method. Qualitative results indicated the presence certain doses of gender stereotypes in women, but also their impression that they are not completely professionally accepted by colleagues. The results indicate a structural gender segregation and marginalization, which is reflected in the imprisonment of women in narrow circle of administrative and auxiliary police work. The findings of this study will represent an important argument in the development and improvement of gender-sensitive regulation in the police, protection against discrimination and in the projection of its personnel structure and career advancement of employees under equal conditions.
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Campbell, Elizabeth. "Monuments Women and Men: Rethinking popular narratives via British Major Anne Olivier Popham." International Journal of Cultural Property 28, no. 3 (August 2021): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739121000308.
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AbstractIn recent years, the work of the American Monuments Men has been celebrated in popular histories and culture, such as bestselling books by Robert Edsel and a feature film directed by George Clooney (The Monuments Men, 2014). While public awareness of Nazi art looting and the courageous work of American cultural officers is long overdue, these popular narratives elide the role played by women and other Western Allies and fail to address the corps’ greatest failure: the incomplete restitution of Jewish assets. This article explores these factors through a case study of British Major Anne Olivier Popham (1916–2018), who served the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFA&A) division in Bünde from November 1945 to October 1947. Drawing on Popham’s diaries held at the Imperial War Museum in London, the author’s interview with her, and British and American archives, the case study yields important insight into personnel recruited by the MFA&A, gender relations among the officers, methodological dilemmas presented by the use of first-hand accounts, and the ongoing need for transnational restitution efforts.
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Ricker, Emily A., Carl W. Goforth, Amelia S. Barrett, Patricia A. Deuster, and Sarah J. de la Motte. "Female Military Officers Report a Desire for Menstrual Suppression During Military Training." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa339.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Service women face female-specific challenges that present physiological and logistical burdens and may impact readiness. The stress of training can change menstrual patterns and symptoms, and limited access to hygienic, private facilities can hinder menstrual management. Therefore, suppressing menses with continuous hormonal contraception may be of interest. Materials and Methods The 9-item “Military Women’s Attitudes Toward Menstrual Suppression.” questionnaire was administered to female officers upon entry (baseline) and graduation (post) from a 6-month secondary training course. Respondents rated their attitudes about menstruation and the stress of training, the desire for menstrual suppression, and the logistical burden of menstruation on a 1 (strongly agree) through 5 (strongly disagree) scale. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests determined changes in the distribution of responses from baseline to post. Results Female officers (n = 108) completed baseline and post questionnaires (age 25.2 ± 0.3 years). At baseline, the majority disagreed/strongly disagreed that the stress of training “makes periods worse than usual” (n = 77, 71%), “increases menstrual symptoms and bleeding” (n = 77, 71%), or “magnifies premenstrual syndrome” (PMS; n = 69, 64%). Although 50% (n = 54) agreed/strongly agreed that “stopping periods while women are training is a good idea,” 37% (n = 40) disagreed/strongly disagreed. The majority agreed/strongly agreed that menstrual suppression would prevent “the worry about menstrual supplies” (n = 75, 70%) and “the inconvenience of having a period during training” (n = 69, 64%). Many agreed/strongly agreed that it is difficult to deal with periods during training because “there is no privacy” (n = 52, 48%), “the inability to find adequate facilities” (n = 70, 65%), and “the lack of opportunity to use adequate facilities” (n = 52, 48%). Opinions remained largely consistent from baseline to post. Conclusions The desire for menstrual suppression among service women during training is high. Military health care providers should be prepared to counsel service women about strategies to manage menstruation, including the efficacy of continuous hormonal contraception for menstrual suppression. Future studies investigating benefits or risks of continuous hormonal contraception for menstrual suppression in service women should inform the clinical recommendations.
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Guy, Mary. "Mom Work Versus Dad Work in Local Government." Administration & Society 49, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716641989.
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The work context reconstructs the feminine and the masculine, rendering public service a mirror of gender asymmetry. Nowhere is this clearer than in local government, where many face-to-face services are delivered. In cities and counties, the largest job categories are education and police work. Almost 90% of elementary school teachers are women and less than 12% of police officers are women. The sequelae to job segregation—overlooking the emotive component of jobs, pay inequity, and glass walls—will not change until organizational logic catches up with a more nuanced appreciation of gender.
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Lasker, Shamima Parvin, and Arif Hossain. "Public Facilities for Better Health and Urban Plan." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 14, no. 3 (October 28, 2023): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.62865/bjbio.v14i3.77.
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Lack of physical activity is one of the main cause of obesity. Currently, scientists proposed that teenagers and women are overweight or obese than men in Bangladesh. Furthermore, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more prevalent in Bangladesh. By 2050, the illness burden of non-communicable diseases will have a significant impact on the health budget. To reduce non-communicable diseases, physical activity is one of the options. However, the lack of public facilities for physical activities in each community is a concern. According to the Department of Military Estate Administration, Central Circle, DOHS (Defense Officers' Housing Scheme) has a total of 2966 plots and 396.6327 acres of area (640 acres =1 square mile) including 5 DOSH in Bangladesh. However, each DOHS has all the public facilities including structures streets, parks, walking paths, squares, gyms, cultural and sports grounds, walkways, waterfronts, lakes, mosques, cafeterias, public toilets, sitting areas for elderly or passersby, etc for physical activities specially for women, children, and the disabled people. Gulshan, Baridhara, Banani, and Dhanmondi areas are other good examples from Bangladesh where dwellers specially, women and children have facilities for physical activities. Sangmoo Kim, urban specialist said, “it is not over-ambitious thinking to have public facilities; it is a basic need for each city dweller for a healthy life”. This report aims to explore what are the policy drawbacks of the Government of Bangladesh not providing public facilities to perform physical activities in each area.
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Chowdhury, Shuvra. "Resistances to Gender Mainstreaming: An Analysis of the Trend of Women Engagement in Participatory Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Bangladesh." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v1i2.24.
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Gender Responsive budgeting (GRB) is among a few approaches for gender mainstreaming that has been introduced by the governments around the world or international funding organizations to institutionalize gender equality in public reforms. The formal processes of planning and budgeting at the Union Parishad (UP) - the lowest administrative tier of Bangladesh- offer general citizens to raise their demands at the local level. Besides, there is a provision that a 30% fund will be earmarked for women. In this paper, the case of UP gender budgeting practice was analyzed from a gender perspective. On the basis of case oriented qualitative research strategy, this was an empirical study of 06 (six) UPs of three different districts of Bangladesh. The data of this study indicated that members of the Non-Government Organizations (NGO) played a catalyst role in enhancing the access of women in the UP planning and budgeting processes. Along with the existing problems of local-level planning, lack of fiscal decentralization including resource constraint, absence of women development funding, the absence of women administrative officers at the different layers of government offices and obstacles and resistances in religion and patriarchal dimensions are inhibiting women to participate in the participatory processes. For implementing the GRB reform agenda suggestions are made for creating independent women budget groups at the local government level and researching on a broader perspective on GRB issues at the central government level.
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Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes, Beatriz Talavera-Velasco, Marian Jaén-Díaz, and Jesús Martín-García. "Occupational Stress in Spanish Police Officers: Validating the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041393.
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The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (hereinafter, ERIQ) has been largely used worldwide to assess job stress, but it has not yet been applied in Spanish police. The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity and the internal consistency of the ERIQ in police officers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a nonprobability sampling (quota). A total of 217 Spanish police officers participated, 192 men (88.47%) and 25 women (11.53%). The mean age was 41 years (SD = 7.51). These police officers completed the ERIQ together with some other questionnaires (DECORE-21, MBI, GHQ and STAI) in order to provide evidence for validity based on the relationships to other constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and a matrix of correlations with the rest of constructs was created. The results showed an appropriate fit to the original model consisting of three scales. In addition, the scales of the ERIQ presented the expected relationship with the other constructs. The ERIQ is a valid instrument for assessing occupational stress in Spanish police officers and can improve the interventions in this professional group.
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Violanti, John M., Sherry L. Owens, Desta Fekedulegn, Claudia C. Ma, Luenda E. Charles, and Michael E. Andrew. "An Exploration of Shift Work, Fatigue, and Gender Among Police Officers: The BCOPS Study." Workplace Health & Safety 66, no. 11 (February 26, 2018): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079918754586.
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The present study examined the association between shift work and fatigue among male ( n = 230) and female ( n = 78) police officers. A 15-year work history database was used to define dominant shifts as day, afternoon, or night. A 10-item questionnaire created from the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) assessed fatigue. Gender-stratified analyses of variance and covariance and Poisson regression were used to compare means and prevalence of individual items across shifts. No significant differences in total fatigue scores were observed across shifts. However, the prevalence of the fatigue item “feelings of tiredness” was 89% higher among male officers working the afternoon shift compared with officers working the day shift (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 3.23], p = .020), after adjustment for covariates. Women reported a lower prevalence of tiredness than men on the afternoon shift. Organizations with afternoon shift workers should consider reducing fatigue at work through education and other methods.
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Goodman, Michael. "Former student government officers navigating multiple/minoritized identities in collegiate and post-college public office." Journal of Campus Activities Practice and Scholarship 4, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52499/2022003.
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Many notable leaders in the United States previously served in their college’s student government, including Stacey Abrams, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Elijah Cummings. Findings in this article derive from a larger study on the experiences of former college student government officers who ran for or served in post-college public office between 2018-2021. Themes in this article reflect the experiences of participants who identify as Persons of Color, women, or gay/bisexual, and the nuances of gender, gender and race, race, and sexuality in the context of collegiate and post-college public office. Among others, recommendations for practice include a calling to student government advisors and university administrators to create and offer tools for participants with minoritized identities to successfully access and matriculate through collegiate public office.
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Odikro, Magdalene A., Ernest Kenu, Richard M. Adanu, Delia A. B. Bandoh, Mabel Berrueta, Suchandrima Chakraborty, Jewel Gausman, et al. "Validating the implementation of an indicator reporting policies and laws on free public maternal health-related services in the era of universal health coverage: A multi-country cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 13, 2024): e0299249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299249.
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Background The concept of universal health coverage (UHC) encompasses both access to essential health services and freedom from financial harm. The World Health Organization’s Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health (MNCAH) Policy Survey collects data on policies that have the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The indicator, “Are the following health services provided free of charge at point-of-use in the public sector for women of reproductive age?”, captures the free provision of 13 key categories of maternal health-related services, to measure the success of UHC implementation with respect to maternal health. However, it is unknown whether it provides a valid measure of the provision of free care. Therefore, this study compared free maternal healthcare laws and policies against actual practice in three countries. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional study in four districts/provinces in Argentina, Ghana, and India. We performed desk reviews to identify free care laws and policies at the country level and compared those with reports at the global level. We conducted exit interviews with women aged 15–49 years who used a component service or their accompanying persons, as well as with facility chief financial officers or billing administrators, to determine if women had out-of-pocket expenditures associated with accessing services. For designated free services, prevalence of expenditures at the service level for women and reports by financial officers of women ever having expenditures associated with services designated as free were computed. These three sources of data (desk review, surveys of women and administrators) were triangulated, and chi-square analysis was conducted to determine if charges were levied differentially by standard equity stratifiers. Designation of services as free matched what was reported in the MNCAH Policy Survey for Argentina and Ghana. In India, insecticide-treated bed nets and testing and treatment for syphilis were only designated as free for selected populations, differing from the WHO MNCAH Policy Survey. Among 1046, 923, and 1102 women and accompanying persons who were interviewed in Argentina, Ghana, and India, respectively, the highest prevalence of associated expenditures among women who received a component service in each setting was for cesarean section in Argentina (26%, 24/92); family planning in Ghana (78.4%, 69/88); and postnatal maternal care in India (94.4%, 85/90). The highest prevalence of women ever having out of pocket expenditures associated with accessing any free service reported by financial officers was 9.1% (2/22) in Argentina, 64.1% (93/145) in Ghana, and 29.7% (47/158) in India. Across the three countries, self-reports of out of pocket expenditures were significantly associated with district/province and educational status of women. Additionally, wealth quintile in Argentina and age in India were significantly associated with women reporting out of pocket expenditures. Conclusions Free care laws were largely accurately reported in the global MNCAH policy database. Notably, we found that women absorbed both direct and indirect costs and made both formal and informal payments for services designated as free. Therefore, the policy indicator does not provide a valid reflection of UHC in the three settings.
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Lefkovitz, Alison. "“The Peculiar Anomaly”: Same-Sex Infidelity in Postwar Divorce Courts." Law and History Review 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 665–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000243.
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It was a simple tale of betrayal. In 1950, a Pennsylvania husband returned home from a business trip to find his wife—known to us today only by her initials CD—having sex with the female athletic director of a local school. This wife was only one of many women caught having sex with other women in the era following World War II. Although many closeted men and women enjoyed vibrant sexual and social lives in gay and lesbian communities, sometimes commanding officers, bosses, and police officers caught and punished men and women engaging in “deviant” sexual activity. Punishments ranged from arrests during a bar raid to a dismissal from a job. A double life in the public sphere was fragile. Scholars have paid less attention, however, to the insecure closeted lives of husbands and wives such as CD. Although certainly not all men and women who engaged in same-sex encounters entered traditional heterosexual marriages, many did. Their motivations for marrying ranged from the hope that marriage would cure same-sex desire to financial concerns. Sometimes, a husband or wife discovered his or her spouse's homosexual infidelity. A potential punitive outcome for this encounter was not an arrest, pink slip, or a dishonorable discharge; instead a spouse could end up in divorce court. Like the federal government, the military, the local police, and private employers, then, divorce courts also had to devise strategies and philosophies with which to deal with the problem of homosexuality.
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Welsh, Megan. "How Formerly Incarcerated Women Confront the Limits of Caring and the Burdens of Control Amid California’s Carceral Realignment." Feminist Criminology 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085117698751.
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The largest scale effort to reduce our reliance on incarceration is currently taking place in California. Drawing on in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated women on two different forms of community supervision in one California county, this article makes two main contributions. First, I offer a conceptual framework for understanding how women experience the goals of community supervision. Because actual rehabilitation is often off-limits, I suggest that these institutional goals are organized around caring, control, and self-governance: Caring is exhibited by supervision officers in lieu of substantive assistance toward rehabilitation; control for the sake of public safety remains a key aim of community supervision; and self-governance is an unstated institutional goal through which women are forced to take on the invisible work of managing their own rehabilitation. Second, I assess how—if at all—California’s decarceration effort has shifted institutional goals, and what this means for women. I argue that decarceration’s continued emphasis on control for the sake of public safety impedes the transformative potential of efforts to restructure the crime-processing system.
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Aleksandra Basinska, Beata, Izabela Wiciak, and Anna Maria Dåderman. "Fatigue and burnout in police officers: the mediating role of emotions." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 665–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2013-0105.
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Purpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of the intensity of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of job-related emotions in the relationship between fatigue and burnout in police officers. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 169 police officers (26 women) completed a test battery that assessed acute fatigue, burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: exhaustion and disengagement), and emotions (Job-related Affective Well-being Scale). Findings – Acute fatigue was associated more strongly with exhaustion than with disengagement. Low-arousal negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between fatigue and exhaustion. High-arousal positive and negative emotions were partial mediators between fatigue and disengagement experienced by police officers. Research limitations/implications – The results show that high-arousal emotions were associated with changes in work motivation, while low-arousal negative emotions reduced energetic ability to work. Originality/value – This paper enhances understanding of burnout among police officers and the mediating role of emotions. The patterns of the relationships between fatigue, burnout and emotions are discussed in the context of the conservation of resources theory and the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.
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Mbalilaki, Consolata, and Daniel Oduor Onyango. "Factors Contributing to Female Teachers Underrepresentation in Schools Leadership: A Case of Sumbawanga, Tanzania." March to April 2022 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2022v03i02.0166.
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This study sought to investigate the factors contributing to underrepresentation of female teachers in leadership positions in public secondary schools in Sumbawanga Municipality. The study employed the mixed research approach and convergent parallel research design. The Study sampled a total of 100 respondents out of a population of 687 educational stakeholders. These included 87 teachers, 5 heads of schools, 1 Municipality Executive Officer, 1 Regional Officer, 1 Municipality Education Officer and 5 head prefects. Purposive sampling technique was used to select students, heads of schools as well as all education officers while simple random sampling was used to select teachers. Questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect data. The study concludes that factors that hindered female teachers’ participation in school leadership was lack of consideration of gender when appointing school leaders and nothing else since all possible factors that were suggested in the questionnaire were denied by teachers of both genders. Therefore, gender biasness was a major factor that that brought about the gender imbalance in school leadership positions in the schools under investigation. The study therefore recommends that the appointing authorities should be guided by the affirmative action policy in the appointment of school heads. This will contribute to appointment of more women to leadership positions such as schools heads.
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Sapto Budoyo. "THE URGENCY OF LEGAL PROTECTION TO THE WOMAN AND CHILDREN EXPLOITATION IN THE NEW BROADCASTER AND SOCIAL MEDIA." JOURNAL EQUITABLE 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jeq.v7i2.4169.
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The Development of technology and social media have an impact on the women and children matters in a public sphere. Verbal violence against women and children being a crucial matters in a social media and broadcast platform, therefore legal protection is needed for woman and children against those actions. This research consist of two points there are the urgency of legal protection for woman and children in exploitation and discrimination in the broadcast and social media in Indonesia. This research using normative legal methods with analytical descriptive based on library research. The result of this research shows that the urgency of legal protection needed on woman and children’s exploitation and discrimination in broadcast and social media platform due to Indonesia has ratified CEDAW through Law Number7 of 1984 concerning on the ratification of CEDAW. The implementation of legal protection on the woman and children’s exploitation and discrimination in Indonesia’s social media and broadcast platform has not been optimal. This problem due to the gap between enforcement officers, and society’s role with the prevention and handling children and women’s exploitation and discrimination cases in social media and broadcast platform.
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Zulfan, Zulfan, Makmur Syarif, Arlis Arlis, Muntaha Artalim Zaim, and Arif Taufiq. "The Phenomenon of Pregnant Muslim Marriages in Lintau Buo Utara, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra." FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v8i2.5529.
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A marriage where the woman is pregnant due to adultery is considered uncommon and taboo in Muslim society. The pregnancy is always kept secret by the prospective married couple and their families. The pregnant Muslim women marriage rate in Lintau Buo Utara is quite high. This study focuses on the case of pregnant women's marriages, specifically how the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) officers may learn about the prospective bride's pregnancy and the family's actions after the prospective bride gives birth. The research was carried out in the form of a field study using the socio-legal research method with interviews conducted with relevant parties in this case. The results concluded that the majority of pregnant marriages at KUA Lintau Buo Utara were predominantly experienced by young couples at elementary and junior high education levels. KUA officials could discover about the future bride's pregnancy by observing the attitude of the prospective partner or their families during the registration process, the answers of the partner throughout the interview session, and the results of the examination done by the Public Health Center staff. The family's stance towards the pregnant woman's marriage is that the couple will hold a remarriage after the bride gives birth. The new findings in this study are related to the way KUA officers reveal the state of the prospective bride's pregnancy, which was originally kept secret. This is very important to be applicable to KUA officers in other areas.
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Jevtović-Čanović, Sanja, and Ksenija Đurić-Atanasievski. "Media image of women in the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces." Vojno delo 72, no. 1 (2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2001005j.
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The way media and journalism present and deal with certain topics can firmly reflect the dominant opinion on questions important in society. This paper examines the way media describes women in the Serbian Armed Forces. The authors postulate that the positive publicity in the media can contribute to achieving greater equality, as well as encouraging woman to choose military professions, while simultaneously improving the public image of the Serbian Armed Forces. This research covers items published in print and electronic Serbian media spanning from 2016. to 2018. Our research demonstrates that women in the Serbian Armed Forces are consistently present at the same percentage of the total amount of public reporting on military news and topics. Such result is a reflection of the societal acceptance of female enrolment in the Military Academy more than a decade ago, coupled with the implementation of two national Action Plans under the UN Security Councilˊs Resolution 1325 - Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia. It is the opinion of the authors that the image of women in traditionally male - dominant professions, such as the military, is viewed as positive. The majority of articles on women in the Army are noted to be issued during either highly publicized events, such as the promotion ceremony for the youngest officers of the Serbian Armed Forces in front of the National Assembly in Belgrade or during advertisements for enrolment in Military Schools and voluntary conscription. Overall, the image and role of women in the Army is viewed as more positive compared to articles of women in general and in other professions in Serbia. The results of this research have also indicated that some stereotyping exists, relating to the representation of women in media. Further improvements can be directed towards diversifying topics on women with the active support of the military establishment itself.
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Szykuła-Piec, Barbara, Robert Piec, Artur Zaczyński, Rafał Wójtowicz, Sławomir Butkiewicz, Ewa Rusyan, Kamil Adamczyk, Irena Walecka, Anna Dmochowska, and Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska. "The Level of Fear in the Polish Police Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic with the Impact of Sociodemographic Variables." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159679.
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This study has a twofold objective. First, we aim to measure the levels of fear among Polish police officers using the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) that has a stable unidimensional structure allowing for the provision of additional data by combining variables. This structure allows the second objective to be met to measure the correlation with sociodemographic variables. The utilitarian objective of the study is to provide information for updating support policies for stress management in the service. The questionnaire was completed by 1862 people with a mean age of 38.75 years with a good Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). The perceived level of fear associated with COVID-19 should be considered relatively low. Caring for the elderly does not affect the level of fear. The factors of gender, age and having children statistically significantly differentiate the perceptions of fear. Therefore, there is a necessity to focus on building support for police officers who are over 50 years old, as well as for women, where higher levels of fear in both men and women can translate into the development of psychosomatic illnesses.
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Androsyuk, Viacheslav, and Oksana Voloshina. "Primary socialization as a formation factor of gender stereotypes of professional activity of the security sector employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.02.
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The article displayed the results of a legal and sociological study of some gender-related problems in the security sector of theMinistry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. A survey of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, the National Guard and the State BorderGuard Service revealed the most relevant phenomena of gender inequality and intolerance in the relationship between women andmen within the scope of their official duties and in everyday life. The study proved the absence of a critical state of gender-related problemsin the security sector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, not only in the everyday life of employees, but also at theplace of execution of official duties. In particular, almost all of the interviewed employees, women and men, support the opinion aboutequal opportunities in professional development, and more than half of the male law enforcement officers believe that women and menwith the same qualifications will cope with their official duties equally well. Also, the majority of respondents feel quite comfortableworking with female colleagues not only at the same level of subordination, but also under the guidance of female colleagues. At thesame time, 40 % of the women surveyed stated that they and their colleagues face certain forms of discrimination within the securitysector. The overwhelming majority of both men and women counteract sexual harassment among workers in the sector, since half ofthe women surveyed reported their experience of sexual harassment or actions of a sexual nature in public places. That’s why, 80.5 %of men and 94.3 % of women among the polled law enforcement officers support the need to adopt a law that would recognize sexualmisconduct or sexual harassment in public places as a crime. In the families of security sector employees, one in five women experiencedphysical violence by a partner, and 10.3 % of men admitted to having committed it. The role of the experience of primary socializationof security sector employees in childhood in the formation of inadequate gender stereotypes is stated. The necessity of implementationof legal, organizational, personnel, psychological and pedagogical measures for the prevention of gender problems in theactivities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is substantiated on the basis of an adequate perception of human rights, mutualrespect and tolerance.
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Prasetijowati, Tri, A. Hafizh Maulana, and Diana Eka Agustin. "PERAN POLISI WANITA ( POLWAN ) DALAM ERA DIGITAL." Jurnal Administrasi Publuk dan Ilmu Komunikasi 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55499/intelektual.v9i2.78.
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Women Police (Polwan) are an important part of the Police institution, Women Police (Polwan) in carrying out their duties have a strategic role and function, namely as law enforcers, protectors in providing protection, and providing services to the community in realizing security and public order. In the digital era, female police (Polwan) are urgently needed to address the problem of massive social media content onto digital platforms. In this writing used the method of literature review. The results of the analysis of the study show that the role of female police officers (Polwan) in the digital era, in addition to the main duties of law enforcers, is also the main actor in filling out social media content as a means of educating legal awareness in order to create public security and order. And to carry out the dual role absolutely female police (Polwan) must have qualified digital literacy skills.
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Khan, Salma Masood, and Dr Mohammad Iqbal. "Gender Mainstreaming Analysis At The Management Level." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i7.4667.
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It was an exploratory study that was conducted with the main objectives to: provide basic information to stakeholders and planners about gender imbalance and its implications for Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa (KP) province and Pakistan. The study attempted to: discover the existing gender scenario in the management cadre of public sector of the province; identify barriers and problems to gender equity and equality in the management roles; and suggest ways and means to remove gender disparity at the management level in the sampled devolved departments of social sector of KP. Survey Questionnaires, interviews and stakeholders workshop were used as tools to collect data from 117 respondents of the sampled departments. Main causes of low female participation at higher level included lack of opportunities, inadequate facilities to female officers, rising element of insecurity in the province, men specific positions, discriminations and socially evolved gender bias. On the basis of results and findings a couple of suggestions like organizing gender awareness sessions, ensuring implementation of sanctioned quota, promotion of higher education for women, capacity development and incentives for potential female officers and revival of posts of female District Education Officers, have been made.
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Linggom, Tampak, Jon Piter Sinaga, and Megawati Sinambela. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU KECAMATAN PANCUR BATU KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2018." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol9no3.pp118-124.
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Anemia is one of the most common global health problems, spreadwide and it affects 56 million women in the world, and two thirds of them are in Asia. In the world, there is 34% of pregnant women with anemia where 75% are in developing countries. In Indonesia, 63.5% of pregnant women with anemia and around 62.3% are iron deficiency anemia. Based on the data found in Pancur Batu Health Center, Pancur Batu Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District, there were 314 pregnant women with anemia in 2017. The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors that influence anemia in pregnant women in Pancur Batu Health Center, Deli Serdang District in 2018. This research was observational analytic with crosectional design. The sample consisted of all anemia pregnant women who came to have a pregnancy check up while conducting the research as many as 65 people. Data were analyzed by using chi square test and multiple logistic regressions. From the results of multivariate analysis, birth distance p = 0.006 PR was obtained; 13,259; 95% CI (2,108-83,385), Fe tablet consumption p = 0,007 PR; 16,969 95% CI (2,137-134,762), folate intake p = 0,011; PR 19,219 95% CI (1,991-185,526). From the results of multivariate analysis, the most dominant variable influencing the incidence of anemia in pregnant women is folate intake p = p = 0.011; PR 19,219 95% CI (1,991-185,526) it means that pregnant women who lack folate intake estimate the risk of 19 times suffering from anemia compared to pregnant women who get good folate intake. It is recommended that puskesmas officers conduct counseling for pregnant women about consumption or the level of nutritional intake of pregnant women related to the intake of folate, protein, fat and kabohidrat. Pukesmas officers are expected to increase public knowledge through health counseling and family counseling related to age appropriate for pregnancy, regulate birth spacing and improve community health status especially pregnant women because pregnant women need more nutritional intake because it can help government programs to reduce maternal mortality.
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Nur Ismi Wahyuni and Ekayanti Ekayanti. "Konseling tentang Diabetes Melitus Gestasional dan Pemeriksaan Glukosa di Puskesmas Tanralili." NUSANTARA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/nusantara.v1i3.233.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that was first discovered during pregnancy which had never been diagnosed with diabetes in the mother and then showed high glucose levels during pregnancy. Women with GDM almost never give complaints even though the incidence of GDM can be threatening and very dangerous because it can cause several complications during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth is also one of the causes in cases of maternal and infant mortality. Pregnancy accompanied by diabetes is also at risk of causing maternal death up to 4 times 2. One other prevention that can be done is more intensive counseling and counseling from officers to all pregnant women about the description of the incidence of DMG.
This activity was carried out at the Tanralili Public Health Center with the method of individual counseling to pregnant women in turn with brochures distributed to each pregnant woman, after which they took blood/glucose checks while. This activity was attended by 2 lecturers and 2 midwifery students as well as 20 pregnant women.
This community service provides good benefits, namely getting knowledge about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and being able to know glucose levels in the blood as screening so that it can prevent and detect early complications that will occur.
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Krisnanto, Wahyu, and Martika Dini Syaputri. "Kelemahan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Perempuan Dari Kekerasan Seksual di Ruang Publik." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i2.924.
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Indonesia is one of the countries that has ratified the Declaration on the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and follow up with the issuance of various laws and implementing regulations. Even though Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women and has published various legal instruments for the protection of women, referring to the results of the 2018 National Commission on Violence Against Women there were 348,446 cases of Violence Against Women, of which 3,528 cases occurred in the public sphere and 2,670 cases of violence in the form of sexual violence. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to find out how people's perceptions of women's body autonomy and other forms of sexual violence in public spaces were experienced by women. Theoretical understanding is expected to be used as a basis for legal reform to be more effective in protecting women from sexual violence in the public sphere. This research is legal research with a social science approach. With empirical research, the method used is a qualitative research method by conducting structured interviews with women and in-depth interviews with police officers. The analysis technique that will be used is descriptive qualitative. From the results of the study obtained data, that sexual violence is caused by the unequal power relations between men and women resulting in the view of women as other people. Women do not have autonomy over their bodies. The female body is only used as an object of sexual attraction for men. The dominance of masculinity does not only manifest in the form of violence, but also the norms and rules of law. Legal norms and rules are more nuanced masculine that is not sensitive to the existence of women. There is a need for existing legal reforms to show the real form of gender equality.
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Heidensohn, Frances. "‘We can handle it out here’. Women officers in Britain and the USA and the policing of public order’." Policing and Society 4, no. 4 (December 1994): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1994.9964700.
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Howson, Cynthia. "Women smuggling and the men who help them: gender, corruption and illicit networks in Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 3 (September 2012): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000183.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates gendered patterns of corruption and access to illicit networks among female cross-border traders near the Senegambian border. Despite a discourse of generosity and solidarity, access to corrupt networks is mediated by class and gender, furthering social differentiation, especially insofar as it depends on geographic and socio-economic affinity with customs officers, state representatives and well-connected transporters. Issues of organisational culture, occupational identity and interpersonal negotiations of power represent important sources of corruption that require an understanding of the actual dynamics of public administration. While smuggling depends on contesting legal and social boundaries, the most successful traders (and transporters) strive to fulfil ideal gender roles as closely as possible. Ironically, trading on poverty and feminine vulnerability only works for relatively affluent women.