Journal articles: 'Women with disabilities – United States'

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Powell, Robyn M., Monika Mitra, Suzanne C. Smeltzer, et al. "Breastfeeding Among Women With Physical Disabilities in the United States." Journal of Human Lactation 34, no. 2 (2017): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417739836.

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Zhang, Yanan, Alexander C. McLain, Bryn Davis, and Suzanne McDermott. "Fecundity and Infertility Among Women with Disabilities in the United States." Journal of Women's Health 28, no. 7 (2019): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7267.

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Wu, Justine P., Michael M. McKee, Kimberly S. Mckee, Michelle A. Meade, Melissa Plegue, and Ananda Sen. "Female sterilization is more common among women with physical and/or sensory disabilities than women without disabilities in the United States." Disability and Health Journal 10, no. 3 (2017): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.12.020.

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Nosek, Margaret A. "Overcoming the odds: The health of women with physical disabilities in the United States." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81, no. 2 (2000): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90130-8.

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Nosek, Margaret A. "Overcoming the odds: The health of women with physical disabilities in the United States." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 81, no. 2 (2000): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2000.0810135.

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Naami, Augustina. "Cross-Cultural Comparison of Tamale and Salt Lake City Experience of Unemployed Women With Physical Disabilities." International Journal of Social Work 2, no. 2 (2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v2i2.7834.

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<p>Gender and disability interacts to create several challenges and vulnerabilities for women with disabilities. This paper explores and compares the daily experiences of unemployed women with physical disabilities in Tamale-Ghana and Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States.</p><p>Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women with physical disabilities about their experiences with employment, unemployment and how unemployment affects their lives. Outcome suggests that the women encounter several challenges in their daily lives relating to mobility, family relationships, income, social participation and living arrangement. While some of the experiences undoubtedly differ between the two studies, some, interestingly, were similar across the two geographic regions regardless of the cultural differences.</p>

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Swanson, Kara W. "Inventing the Woman Voter: Suffrage, Ability, and Patents." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 19, no. 4 (2020): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781420000316.

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AbstractIn 1870, the New York State Suffrage Association published a pamphlet titled “Woman as Inventor.” White suffragists distributed this history of female invention to prove women's inventiveness, countering arguments that biological disabilities justified women's legal disabilities. In the United States, inventiveness was linked to the capacity for original thought considered crucial for voters, making female inventiveness relevant to the franchise. As women could and did receive patents, activists used them as government certification of female ability. By publicizing female inventors, counting patents granted to women, and displaying women's inventions, they sought to overturn the common wisdom that women could not invent and prove that they had the ability to vote. Although partially successful, these efforts left undisturbed the equally common assertion that African Americans could not invent. White suffragists kept the contemporary Black woman inventor invisible, relegating the technological creations of women of color to a primitive past. White suffragists created a feminist history of invention, in words and objects, that reinforced white supremacy—another erasure of Black women, whose activism white suffragists were eager to harness, yet whose public presence they sought to minimize in order to keep the woman voter, like the woman inventor, presumptively white.

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Garrido-Cumbrera, Marco, and Jorge Chacón-García. "Assessing the Impact of the 2008 Financial Crisis on the Labor Force, Employment, and Wages of Persons with Disabilities in Spain." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 29, no. 3 (2018): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207318776437.

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The financial crisis of 2008 has had a greater effect on people with disabilities than on those without disabilities in Spain. In recent years, the number of persons with disabilities registered as part of the labor force and having a higher educational level has increased. However, the unemployment rate among people with disabilities has grown at a faster pace, especially for women and young people. A similar situation has occurred with respect to the annual gross average wage; the gap between those with and without disabilities has increased in the years following the crisis. The present study reveals that Spanish public policies aimed at improving levels of employment for people with disabilities have not achieved the expected results. Here, we explore the possible causes and compare the results with those obtained in the United States.

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Barger, Erin, Julia Wacker, Rebecca Macy, and Susan Parish. "Sexual Assault Prevention for Women With Intellectual Disabilities: A Critical Review of the Evidence." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 47, no. 4 (2009): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-47.4.249.

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Abstract Although research has indicated that women with intellectual disabilities are significantly burdened with sexual violence, there is a dearth of sexual assault prevention research for them. To help address this serious knowledge gap, the authors summarize the findings of general sexual assault prevention research and discuss its implications for women with intellectual disabilities. Next, the authors evaluate interventions published in both the peer-reviewed and non–peer-reviewed literature from a comprehensive search of the scientific literature as well as from recommendations made by disability and sexual assault service providers in the United States. The results of this comprehensive literature review found 4 sexual violence prevention programs that were designed for participants with intellectual disabilities and that had undergone some type of evaluation. Each program and its evaluation are critically and systematically reviewed. Based on the authors' review of these programs as well as the wider literature, they conclude with recommendations and discuss the work that remains to decrease the incidence of sexual violence against women with intellectual disabilities.

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Ross, Emma, Aideen Maguire, Michael Donnelly, Adrian Mairs, Clare Hall, and Dermot O’Reilly. "Disability as a predictor of breast cancer screening uptake: A population-based study of 57,328 women." Journal of Medical Screening 27, no. 4 (2019): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319888553.

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Objective Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting inequalities in breast cancer screening uptake in the United States for women with disabilities, few attempts have been made to examine whether this association applies to the United Kingdom. We conducted the first population-wide study investigating the impact of disability on uptake of breast cancer screening in Northern Ireland. Methods Breast screening records extracted from the National Breast Screening System were linked to the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study. This identified a cohort of 57,328 women who were followed through one complete three-year screening cycle of the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme in Northern Ireland. The presence of disability was identified from responses to the 2011 Census. Results Within this cohort, 35.8% of women reported having at least one chronic disability, and these individuals were 7% less likely to attend compared with those with no disability (odds ratio 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.98). Variation in the degree of disparity observed was evident according to the type and number of comorbid disabilities examined. Conclusion This is the first population-wide study in Northern Ireland to identify disparities in breast screening uptake for women with chronic disabilities, in particular, those with multimorbidity. This is of particular concern, given the projected rise in the prevalence of disability associated with the ageing population.

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Cook, Judith A. "Depression, Disability, and Rehabilitation Services for Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 2 (2003): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00092.

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The purpose of this paper is to review scientific evidence for the co-occurrence of major depressive illness and disability, and to examine this phenomenon specifically for women in the United States today. Following a discussion of different ways of operationalizing the concept of disability, the analysis addresses gender biases in disability measurement as well as in recent research on depression and functional impairment. Next, the results of research regarding co-occurrence of disability and depression are reviewed, highlighting those studies focused specifically on women. Turning to research on rehabilitation services for those with psychiatric disabilities, studies suggest that service delivery models fail to address needs specific to women with mental illness in general, as well as those women experiencing severe depression. Thus, the analysis concludes with a series of suggestions and future directions for investigators seeking to better understand the linkages between depression, disability, and rehabilitation services for women.

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Smith, Diane L. "Disparities in health care access for women with disabilities in the United States from the 2006 National Health Interview Survey." Disability and Health Journal 1, no. 2 (2008): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2008.01.001.

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Banhidi, PhD, Miklos, Fran Stavola Daly, EdD, CTRS, Eduardo De Paula Azzine, MS, et al. "A global therapeutic recreation discussion: An overview from Rimini, Italy." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 12, no. 4 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2013.0053.

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The 2012 World Leisure Congress (hosted by the World Leisure Organization) took place in Rimini, Italy, from September 30 to October 3. The World Leisure Organization currently has 12 global commissions on various topics (eg, children and youth, leisure education, tourism and the environment, and women and gender), which is focused on having global interactions and discussions related to the three main objectives of research, information dissemination, and advocacy.1 The purpose of this article is to summarize the World Leisure Commission on Accessibility and Inclusion academic labor related to the topic of global therapeutic recreation. To this end, the question at hand for this global commission to discuss was as follows: Is the United States National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) an appropriate credentialing framework for professionals in different countries who are dedicated to working with people with disabilities/special needs in the area of accessibility, inclusion, and therapeutic recreation? The purpose of this article is to share, to the wider United States therapeutic recreation profession, responses and thoughts of members of the global therapeutic recreation commission.

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Smith, Diane L., and David R. Strauser. "Examining the impact of physical and sexual abuse on the employment of women with disabilities in the United States: An exploratory analysis." Disability and Rehabilitation 30, no. 14 (2008): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480701539542.

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Bouhmam, Houda, Natasha L. Romanoski, and Alison L. Chetlen. "Reducing Barriers to Breast Imaging in Patients with Mobility Limitations." Journal of Breast Imaging 2, no. 1 (2020): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz079.

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Abstract Over 1 billion people worldwide live with a disability. Patients living with disability are often challenged by many barriers to healthcare access, especially preventive and screening services. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 mandated that access to public accommodations related to medical care in the United States be available to all; however, many healthcare facilities fall short of meeting this requirement. Research studies suggest that women with chronic disabilities are less likely to undergo breast cancer screening due to financial, environmental, and physical limitations, as well as psychological barriers. There is scarcity of research on the needs of individuals with mobility impairments and the features of the barriers they face when accessing healthcare services, especially breast imaging services. The objective of this article is to illustrate the existing barriers to breast imaging services that individuals with mobility impairments face and to provide a list of guidelines to be used in clinical practice for breast care practices and medical staff working with patients who have mobility impairments.

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Tagliacozzo, Serena, Frederike Albrecht, and N. Emel Ganapati. "International Perspectives on COVID-19 Communication Ecologies: Public Health Agencies’ Online Communication in Italy, Sweden, and the United States." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 7 (2021): 934–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221992832.

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Communicating during a crisis can be challenging for public agencies as their communication ecology becomes increasingly complex while the need for fast and reliable public communication remains high. Using the lens of communication ecology, this study examines the online communication of national public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, Sweden, and the United States. Based on content analysis of Twitter data ( n = 856) and agency press releases ( n = 95), this article investigates two main questions: (1) How, and to what extent, did national public health agencies coordinate their online communication with other agencies and organizations? (2) How was online communication from the agencies diversified in terms of targeting specific organizations and social groups? Our findings indicate that public health agencies relied heavily on internal scientific expertise and predominately coordinated their communication efforts with national government agencies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that agencies in each country differed in how they diversify information; however, all agencies provided tailored information to at least some organizations and social groups. Across the three countries, information tailored for several vulnerable groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with disabilities, immigrants, and homeless populations) was largely absent, which may contribute to negative consequences for these groups.

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Canetto, Silvia Sara, and Janet D. Hollenshead. "Gender and Physician-Assisted Suicide: An Analysis of the Kevorkian Cases, 1990–1997." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 40, no. 1 (2000): 165–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/av9g-cdru-1h83-gq0x.

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This study examines the seventy-five suicide cases Dr. Jack Kevorkian acknowledged assisting during the period between 1990 and 1997. Although these cases represent a range of regional and occupational backgrounds, a significant majority are women. Most of these individuals had a disabling, chronic, nonterminal-stage illness. In five female cases, the medical examiner found no evidence of disease whatsoever. About half of the women were between the ages of forty-one and sixty, and another third were older adults. In contrast, men were almost as likely to be middle-aged as to be older adults. Men's conditions were somewhat less likely than women's to be chronic and nonterminal-stage. The main reasons for the hastened death mentioned by both the person and their significant others were having disabilities, being in pain, and fear of being a burden. The predominance of women among Kevorkian's assisted suicides contrasts with national trends in suicide mortality, where men are a clear majority. It is possible that individuals whose death was hastened by Kevorkian are not representative of physician-assisted suicide cases around the country, because of Kevorkian's unique approach. Alternatively, the preponderance of women among Kevorkian's assisted suicides may represent a real phenomenon. One possibility is that, in the United States, assisted suicide is particularly acceptable for women. Individual, interpersonal, social, economic, and cultural factors encouraging assisted suicide in women are examined.

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Salvi, Meena Bhati. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of down syndrome screening among pregnant women attending clinic in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (2020): 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202705.

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Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality found in live-born babies. It is associated with mental retardation, physical disabilities and growth problems. Prenatal screening to identify genetic disorders gaining importance now a days. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant women about prenatal screening of Down syndrome.Methods: This was a prospective study done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah. All pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic and gave the consent for the study were included. The study was conducted from April 2019 to September 2019. A self-structured questionnaire was given to these women and data was collected. Responses to pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and practice were evaluated.Results: A total of 217 pregnant women were included in the study. Of the 217 women 64.97% had good knowledge about Down syndrome but only 23.04% women had good Knowledge regarding Down syndrome screening. Although 42.85% had right attitude towards screening but only 14.74% patients had followed good practice. Expensive test 43.65% and religious beliefs 25.39% were stated as major reasons for denial for screening tests.Conclusions: Pregnant women have good knowledge of Down syndrome but low awareness of screening tests. Although they had positive attitude towards screening test but less patients followed good practice.

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Puaca, Laura Micheletti. "Home Economics, “Handicapped Homemakers,” and Postwar America." History of Education Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2020): 380–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.37.

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In the two decades following World War II, a loose network of home economists at colleges and universities across the United States turned their attention to homemaking methods for women with physical disabilities. Often in consultation with physically disabled homemakers, these home economists researched and designed assistive devices, adaptive equipment, and work simplification techniques for use in the home. Their efforts signaled a new field of study, “homemaker rehabilitation,” which helped to enlarge the broader vocational rehabilitation system beyond its historic focus on male veterans and wage earners while also expanding the boundaries of home economics itself. Home economists’ work with disabled homemakers both bolstered and challenged postwar domesticity, middle-class gender roles, and able-bodied normalcy. Calling attention to these contradictions reveals much about how home economists engaged with and understood disability and how their work intersected with burgeoning movements for disability rights.

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Hubbard, Ruth. "Eugenics and Prenatal Testing." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 2 (1986): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1yke-php6-h69a-yrkv.

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Prejudices against people with disabilities, pool people, and immigrants during the nineteenth century generated a science of “race improvement” called eugenics. In the United States, a number of eugenic measures were enacted early in this century, but it was in Nazi Germany that eugenics flourished under the name of racial hygiene (Rassenhygiene). In the guise of furthering the health of the German people, German scientists and physicians initially designed programs of sterilization. Next came euthanasia and finally mass extermination of “lives not worth living.” Remembering this history, many German women oppose the new technical developments in prenatal diagnosis because they see them as yet another way to specify what kinds of people are and are not fit to inhabit the world. This paper tries to place the new technologies in the context of eugenics and to point out some of the ways in which the new, supposedly liberating, choices in fact limit women's control over our lives.

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Yu, Zhiyuan, Jennifer Kowalkowski, Anne E. Roll, and Maichou Lor. "Engaging Underrepresented Communities in Health Research: Lessons Learned." Western Journal of Nursing Research 43, no. 10 (2021): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945920987999.

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Members of marginalized communities experience health disparities or inequities and are underrepresented in health research. Community engagement in research is a catalyst for researchers to address health disparities while prioritizing community needs and strengthening community capacity. There is limited knowledge on how to engage underrepresented communities throughout the research process, particularly on initiating a partnership and planning research with a community. The purpose of this reflection piece is to share individual cases of research engagement within four communities: immigrant postpartum women, rural residents engaged in farming, low literate and non-English speaking adults, and individuals with intellectual disabilities in the United States. In each case, we explain how we initiated partnerships with the communities, continued to integrate community feedback to guide research questions, and implemented tailored methodologies. Finally, we discuss commonalities and differences in approaches used, tailoring within, and lessons learned when working with these diverse, underrepresented communities during the research process.

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Erez, G., C. Pilver, and M. N. Potenza. "Gender-related differences in the associations between sexual impulsivity, psychiatric disorders and trauma." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.893.

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IntroductionSexual impulsivity (SI) has been associated with conditions that have substantial public health costs, such as sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. However, SI has not been examined systematically with respect to its relationships to psychopathology. The literature regarding associations between SI and history of different types of trauma also scarce.AimsWe aimed to deepen the understanding of the roots of SI, both through the prism of history of trauma and through the prism of psychopathology as an explanation for SI.ObjectivesWe intended to investigate associations between SI and psychopathology, and between SI and personal history of trauma of different types, including gender-related differences.MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis of Wave-2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a national sample of 34,653 adults in the United States. DSM-IV based diagnoses of mood; anxiety, drug and personality disorders were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Scheduled DSM-IV Version.ResultsFor both women and men, SI was positively associated with most Axis-I and Axis-II psychiatric disorders. Significant gender-related differences (GRD) were observed. Among women as compared to men, SI was more strongly associated with social phobia, alcohol abuse/dependence and most personality disorders. As for trauma, SI was positively associated with any trauma for both women and men. Among women as compared to men, SI was more strongly associated with sexual assault and kidnapping.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Hayes, Robert M., Deane Beebe, and Heidi Kreamer. "Too Sick to Work, Too Soon for Medicare: The Human Cost of the 2-Year Medicare Waiting Period for Americans With Disabilities." Care Management Journals 9, no. 2 (2008): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.9.2.82.

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In the United States, nearly 7 million people under age 65 qualify for Medicare due to severe and permanent disabilities. However, these individuals must wait 2 years after they are deemed eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance to receive this coverage. As a result, there are as many as 1.5 million men and women who are too disabled to return to work but who must wait to receive Medicare coverage for their health care needs. Nearly 39% are uninsured for at least some of this time, and 26% have no insurance throughout the waiting period. This article tells the stories of three individuals struggling to survive the 24-month waiting period. These real-life stories expose the financial hardship, pain, and suffering caused by the waiting period and provide evidence of the need for the swift enactment of legislation to eliminate the waiting period. In this article, these individuals give their accounts of what it means to become too sick or disabled to work, and to learn that it is too soon to get health care coverage through Medicare. In all cases, we have tried to stay as close as possible to the language and the spirit of the participants’ stories.

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Blanck, Peter, Fitore Hyseni, and Fatma Altunkol Wise. "Diversity and Inclusion in the American Legal Profession: Discrimination and Bias Reported by Lawyers with Disabilities and Lawyers Who Identify as LGBTQ+." American Journal of Law & Medicine 47, no. 1 (2021): 9–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amj.2021.1.

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AbstractPurposeThis article is part of an ongoing body of investigation examining the experiences of lawyers with diverse and multiple minority identities, with particular focus on lawyers with disabilities; lawyers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (“LGBTQ+” as an overarching term); and lawyers with minority identities associated with race and ethnicity, gender, and age. The focus of this article is on discrimination and bias in their workplaces as reported by the lawyers experiencing it.MethodsWe employ survey data from the first phase of this investigation, gathered from the survey responses of 3590 lawyers located across all states in the United States and working in most types and sizes of legal venues. The data were collected between 2018 and 2019, before the 2020 pandemic. We estimate differences across three categories of discrimination reported—subtle-only discrimination, overt-only discrimination, and both subtle and overt discrimination. We estimate the nature and magnitude of associations among individual and organizational variables, and we use multinomial logistic regression to illustrate relative risks of reports of discrimination for intersecting identities.ResultsAs compared to non-disabled lawyers, lawyers with disabilities show a higher likelihood of reporting both subtle and overt discrimination versus no discrimination. Similarly, lawyers who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (“LGBQ”) show a higher likelihood of reporting both subtle and overtdiscrimination, and subtle-only discrimination, as compared to lawyers who identify as straight/heterosexual. Women lawyers and lawyers of color are more likely to report all three types of discrimination. In general, younger lawyers are more likely to report subtle-only discrimination when compared to older lawyers. Lawyers working at a private firm are less likely to report all types of discrimination, while working for a larger organization is associated with a higher relative risk of reporting subtle-only discrimination versus no discrimination.ConclusionsThe current study represents a next, incremental step for better understanding non-monochromatic and intersectional aspects of individual identity in the legal profession. The findings illustrate that primary individual and multiple minority identities, as identified by disability, sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and age, are associated with reports of discrimination and bias in the legal workplace.

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Vink, Karina, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, and Kelly M. Kibler. "A Quantitative Estimate of Vulnerable People and Evaluation of Flood Evacuation Policy." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 5 (2014): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0887.

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Disaster Risk Management (DRM) laws and policies ideally contain measures to reduce disaster risk to all exposed people equally, even the most vulnerable people. To investigate this, we estimate the number of potentially vulnerable people in areas exposed to flood hazard, and evaluate the laws and policies which aim to reduce vulnerability. We proposed a theoretical framework based on four recognized characteristics of vulnerability (less physically or mentally capable; fewer material and/or financial resources; less access to information, and restricted by commitments) and created indicators for six groups of potentially vulnerable people: children, older adults, minorities, people with disabilities, people living in poverty, and women. We applied the framework to the populations of Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States, and proposed a new DRM policy evaluation method; and found that measures in DRM laws and policies are not in proportion to the number of potentially vulnerable people. The most numerous indicators included children aged 0-14, women with no car, and people with pets. The top ten indicators account for 80% of all potentially vulnerable people. When addressing the needs of vulnerable people from a policy perspective, these top ten indicators may serve as a starting point in order to increase the resilience of the vulnerable population. Seven of these ten are identical across the three case study countries, meaning the countries can learn from each other’s measures and possibly apply them in their own area. Policy evaluation showed that while many laws and policies do recognize various groups of potentially vulnerable people, they lack detailed support measures. Much remains to be amended in policies on all scale levels if the policies are to realize an equal disaster risk for all exposed people.

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Ahmad, Fahim, Amna Siddiqui, Mohammad A. Kamal, and Sayed Sartaj Sohrab. "Inhibition of Neurogenesis by Zika Virus Infection." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 17, no. 2 (2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527317666180202115114.

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Background & Objective: The link between Zika Virus (ZIKV) epidemic and neurological disorder has raised an urgent global alarm. The current epidemic of ZIKV has triggered quick responses in the scientific world. The first case of ZIKV was reported in 2015 from Brazil and now has spread over 30 countries. Nearly four hundred cases of traveler associated ZIKV infection have also been reported in the United States. ZIKV is primarily transmitted by mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes that are widely distributed throughout the world. Additionally, the virus can also be transmitted from male to female by sexual contact. The epidemiological investigations during the current outbreak found a causal link between infection in pregnant women and the development of microcephaly (MCPH) in their unborn babies. This finding is a cause of grave concern since MCPH is a serious neural developmental disorder that can lead to significant post-natal developmental abnormalities and disabilities. Recently, published data indicates that ZIKV infection severely affects the growth of fetal neural progenitor cells and cerebral neurons resulting in malformation of cerebral cortex leading to MCPH. Recently, it has been reported that ZIKV infection deregulates the signaling pathway of neuronal cell and inhibits the neurogenesis. Conclusion: In this review, we discussed the information about cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration of human neuronal cells and inhibition of neurogenesis. The provided information in this review will be very useful further not only in neuro-scientific research but also in the desig and development of management strategies for MCPH and other mosquito-borne diseases.

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Heath, Shirley Brice. "Finding Life in Literacy." Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice 67, no. 1 (2018): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381336918787824.

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By the second decade of the 21st century, mentally ill youth who committed suicide and sometimes killed others before they killed themselves received considerable attention in the media of the United States. In none of the accounts of these individuals did their literacy lives come up for consideration. This case study details the role of literacy in the life of a young woman who suffered a traumatic brain injury in her teens. As she aged, she tried suicide multiple times, escalating from cries for help to jumping in front of a moving train. Thereafter, she lived in a care facility with half a dozen elderly residents suffering from various neurological and physical disabilities. Following several months of adaptation, she returned to her childhood love of children’s books and gradually escalated her reading of national newspapers and adult nonfiction works aloud for other residents. During meals and visits from the grandchildren of residents, she read children’s books or poems, and she recorded in her own writings responses to these readings and created short poems. Adaptation to the reality that for the remainder of her life, she would live in such a facility came rapidly and without regression to depression once she found that residents needed and wanted her as their “library,” conversationalist, and inspiration. Four principles of literacy retention and restoration in an individual’s life follow from this case.

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Moats, Louisa Cook, and G. Reid Lyon. "Learning Disabilities in the United States." Journal of Learning Disabilities 26, no. 5 (1993): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949302600501.

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Keniston, Alyssa, Alan Lewandowski, Katelyn Briggs, and Delaney Whynot. "A-86 Reactive Attachment Disorder in Adulthood: A Neuropsychological Perspective." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.104.

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Abstract Objective The sequelae of poor attachment and trauma on psychological and social functioning is well documented, however, this complex relationship applied to a neuropsychological profile is less understood. The current case uses a neuropsychological assessment to further understand the brain-behavior relationship in a case of poor maternal attachment, multiple traumas, psychiatric comorbidities, and poor social adaptation. Method Patient is a 22-year-old, right-handed, Eastern European woman with fetal alcohol and infant toxic mold exposure, failure to thrive, maternal neglect, adoption and relocation to the United States (age four), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; multiple reported sexual traumas and bullying victimization), and depression. Referred for a neuropsychological evaluation for longstanding inattention, learning difficulties, being socially and emotionally withdrawn, and suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Results Data revealed average intellectual ability, dyscalculia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), PTSD, and depression. A self-report measure of ASD revealed a strong perception of ASD, characterized by inability to read verbal cues or other’s emotions, and poor communication and self-expression, however, this diagnosis was not supported by formal assessment and behavioral observations; instead, it was determined a diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). Conclusions This case provides an example of the complex interplay of poor maternal–infant bonding coupled by adolescent trauma on adult attachment style and compromised social interactions. More specifically, the case addresses the poly-etiologic and neuropsychological impact of an insecure attachment style and trauma on self-perceptions of social and emotional withdrawal commonly seen in ASD. The case further stresses the overlapping presentations RAD, ADHD, learning disabilities, and psychiatric comorbidities.

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Brucker, Debra L., and Andrew J. Houtenville. "People With Disabilities in the United States." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 96, no. 5 (2015): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.024.

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Yell, Mitchell L., Antonis Katsiyannis, and Angela Prince. "Sheltered Workshops: United States v. Rhode Island." Intervention in School and Clinic 52, no. 5 (2016): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451216630277.

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Federal legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504, and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, mandates that individuals with disabilities be integrated in all aspects of life from education to employment to independent living. A recent development involves a settlement reached between the United States and the State of Rhode Island/City of Providence regarding sheltered workshops. States must ensure the availability of a continuum of alternative settings that span from restrictive (e.g., sheltered workshops) to fully integrated, community-based, competitive employment. The use of sheltered workshops as categorical, permanent, segregated practice is discriminatory.

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Elkind, Jerome. "The Incidence of Disabilities in the United States." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 32, no. 4 (1990): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089003200403.

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Monteleone, Rebecca. "Employment for all: United States disability policy." Tizard Learning Disability Review 21, no. 3 (2016): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-09-2015-0034.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of policy regarding employment for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the USA. Drawing from recent data, it assesses the impact of policy on current employment services and rates of employment. Design/methodology/approach – An introduction provides details regarding the benefits of employment for individuals with disabilities, current demographic information in the USA and salient definitions. Next, ten key national laws and one state law relating to employment for individuals with disabilities are outlined briefly. Finally, current outcomes for adults with disabilities are presented in order to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the legislation presented. Findings – Whilst this paper is a policy review, and therefore no novel findings have been produced, it is clear by juxtaposing the mandates enacted by the US Government with practical outcomes that there is a need to assess implementation and effectiveness of such legislation. Originality/value – It is imperative to scrutinize policy in the context of practical outcomes in order to assess its viability and relevance. Additionally, it is crucial that practitioners and academics be aware of the legislation that impacts the populations with whom they interact. Finally, in the context of this publication, it is important that researchers and practitioners in the UK understand US policy, and likewise US professionals understand UK policies in order to facilitate greater cross-cultural communication and collaboration for the mutual benefit of both nations.

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Ruiz Rabadán, Sergio, and Irene Moya-Mata. "Las deportistas olímpicas en los libros de texto de educación física: ¿presencia o ausencia de referentes en nuestro alumnado? (Olympic athletes in physical education textbooks: presence or absence of references in our students?)." Retos, no. 38 (January 20, 2020): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.74833.

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La representación de las mujeres deportistas en los libros de texto de Educación Física supone un modelo de referencia a imitar por parte del alumnado; además de visibilizar por un lado a las deportistas dedicadas a la alta competición, y por otro, el deporte minoritario. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la presencia de las deportistas olímpicas que se representan en los libros de texto de Educación Física en la etapa de Primaria, determinando su visibilización o invisibilización en dichos materiales curriculares. La muestra estuvo formada por seis libros de texto de la editorial Edelvives, la cual aborda el movimiento olímpico explícitamente. Se ha realizado un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, tanto de las imágenes como del texto, para medir la presencia y recurrencia de las mujeres. La técnica utilizada ha sido el análisis de contenido basado en un sistema de codificación ad hoc. Para el análisis estadístico se ha utilizado el programa estadístico informático SPSS 22.0. Los resultados muestran una infrarrepresentación de las deportistas olímpicas, siendo más presente el sexismo en el texto que en las imágenes. Estas mujeres deportistas son principalmente estadounidenses, sin discapacidad, que compiten en los Juegos Olímpicos de verano, en modalidades deportivas individuales, siendo el deporte por excelencia el atletismo, y la deportista olímpica con más presencia en estos manuales Nadia Comaneci. Es necesario que las editoriales revisen estos manuales y aumenten la presencia de mujeres deportistas, para ofrecer modelos femeninos como referentes en el alumnado de Primaria. Abstract. The representation of women athletes in Physical Education textbooks is a reference model that students may imitate, in addition to the fact that it makes visible on one hand female athletes from high competition, on the other hand minority sports. The objective of this study is to analyze the presence of Olympic athletes in the textbooks of Physical Education; determining their visibility or absence in said curricular materials. The sample consisted of six textbooks from the Edelvives publishing house, which explicitly addresses the Olympic movement. A quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed, both on the images and on the text, to measure the presence and recurrence of women references. Content analysis, based on an ad hoc coding system, was the technique employed. For the statistical analysis, the statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used. The results show a scarce presence of Olympic athletes in the manuals, being sexism more present in the text than in the images. These female athletes are mainly representative of the United States of America, without disabilities, competing in the Summer Olympic Games, in individual sports modalities, being the sport par excellence Athletics. The Olympic athlete most referred to in these manuals is Nadia Comaneci. It is necessary for publishers to review these manuals and increase the presence of female athletes, so to offer female models as referents in primary school students.

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Charlot, Lauren, and Joan B. Beasley. "Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health: United States–Based Research." Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities 6, no. 2 (2013): 74–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2012.715724.

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Robinson, Lelia J. "Women Lawyers in the United States." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 8, no. 1-2 (1988): 297–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v08n01_12.

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GUENDELMAN, S. "Mexican women in the United States." Lancet 344, no. 8919 (1994): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91397-8.

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Greene, Kate, and Diane E. Wall. "WOMEN IN SOUTHERN UNITED STATES POLITICS." Southeastern Political Review 28, no. 3 (2008): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2000.tb00112.x.

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Monique Butcher Mokha, G., and Kate Coakley. "United States Golf Association’s Resource Center for Individuals with Disabilities." Athletic Therapy Today 10, no. 4 (2005): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.10.4.26.

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Slayter, Elspeth. "Youth with disabilities in the United States Child Welfare System." Children and Youth Services Review 64 (May 2016): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.03.012.

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Oakes, Claudia M. "United States Women in Aviation 1930-1939." Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space, no. 6 (1985): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.01977245.6.1.

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Douglas, Deborah G. "United States Women in Aviation, 1940-1985." Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space, no. 7 (1990): 1–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.01977245.7.1.

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Castledine, Jacqueline. "Women in the united states, 1830-1945." Women's History Review 12, no. 4 (2003): 679–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612020300200728.

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Schnitzer, Patricia G., and Carol W. Runyan. "Injuries to Women in the United States." Women & Health 23, no. 1 (1995): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v23n01_02.

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Breskin, Alexander, Adaora A. Adimora, and Daniel Westreich. "Women and HIV in the United States." PLOS ONE 12, no. 2 (2017): e0172367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172367.

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Cohen, Miriam. "Women and Welfare in the United States." Journal of Women's History 26, no. 2 (2014): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2014.0033.

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Wortley, Pascale M. "AIDS in Women in the United States." JAMA 278, no. 11 (1997): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550110049035.

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Luma, Melo. "Women in toxicology in the United States." Toxicology Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab075.

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Abstract Since the toxicology field was established, women have played a critical role in it. This article is written to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the Special Interest Group for Women in Toxicology, affiliated with the Society of Toxicology. Six female pioneers in modern Toxicology from different social classes and education backgrounds are featured. Despite these differences, they overcame similar obstacles in gender, politics, and scientific barriers to disseminate their research. This discussion will start with Ellen Swallow Richards, who, besides being the pioneer in sanitary engineering, founded the home economics movement that applied science to the home. The discussion will continue with Alice Hamilton, a contributor to occupational health, a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology, and an example of generosity to social movements and those in need. Subsequently, the most famous woman we discuss in this paper is Rachel Carson, whose fundamental work in environmental Toxicology is evidenced in her important book Silent Spring. This article also features Elizabeth Miller, a biochemist known for her fundamental research in cancer carcinogenesis, followed by Mary Amdur. Nowadays much of what we know about air pollution comes due to Mary, who paid from her own pocket for her experimental animals to investigate Donora smog pollutants and their health damages. And last but not least Elizabeth Weisburger, a chemist who made significant contributions in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drugs who worked for 40 years at the National Cancer Institute. Here, we discuss the aforementioned women’s careers and personal struggles that transformed toxicology into the field we know now.

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Houtrow, Amy, Debbi Harris, Ashli Molinero, Tal Levin-Decanini, and Christopher Robichaud. "Children with disabilities in the United States and the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 13, no. 3 (2020): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/prm-200769.

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Children with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and the containment response. Their caregivers must now adapt to increased stressors such as lack of access to needed therapies, medical supplies, and nursing care. Prior to COVID-19 these families were already marginalized, and this has only worsened during the pandemic. As a vulnerable population, children with disabilities have not been the focus of much discussion during the pandemic, likely because the disease disproportionately impacts older individuals. Nonetheless, children with disabilities should be a focus of evaluation and intervention to mitigate the negative consequences of COVID-19 and the resulting containment strategies. Their needs should be included in future crisis planning, as well. In order to raise awareness of pediatric rehabilitation professionals, health care administrators, policy makers, and advocates, this manuscript provides a discussion of the following topics: the immediate and ongoing impacts on children with disabilities and their families, the ethical concerns and implications of triage protocols for scarce resources that consider disability in their scoring systems, and optimizing medical care and educational needs in the time of COVID.

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Decker, Jim, and Paul Jansma. "Physical Education Least Restrictive Environment Continua Used in the United States." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 12, no. 2 (1995): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.12.2.124.

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For over 15 years it has been public policy to educate students with disabilities, to the maximum extent possible, in the least restrictive environment (LRE) alongside their peers without disabilities. However, scarce empirical data exist documenting nationwide efforts to comply with the LRE mandate. The purpose of this study was to determine what types of LRE continua are in use in physical education throughout the United States. Subjects were physical education personnel in 452 schools throughout the United States. Data were collected regarding the usage of physical education LRE placement continua across enrollment level, grade range, metro status, and geographic region. Results indicate that while numerous (N = 26) physical education LRE continua were used during the 1988-89 school year, in most cases students with disabilities received physical education in a regular class setting with little or no access to adapted physical education. These results indicate that the utility of traditional physical education LRE placement continua may be suspect.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Women with disabilities – United States'

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