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Journal articles on the topic 'Wood anatomy. eng'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Visscher, George E., and Richard Jagels. "SEPARATION OF METASEQUOIA AND GLYPTOSTROBUS (CUPRESSACEAE) BASED ON WOOD ANATOMY." IAWA Journal 24, no. 4 (2003): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000348.

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The wood anatomy of Metasequoia is similar to that of Glyptostrobus. Past descriptions of these woods have reported conflicting separation features. Using an increased sample size we have provided updated descriptions of these woods. We also review previously published criteria and discuss their validity. We introduce new characters (presence of ray cell separation and number of cells per square millimeter in transverse section of earlywood) and discuss the relative merit of these compared to previously described characters: arrangement of cross-field pits, features of the horizontal end walls

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2

Román-Jordán, Elena, Luis G. Esteban, Paloma de Palacios, and Francisco G. Fernández. "Wood anatomy of Cupressus and its relation to geographical distribution." IAWA Journal 37, no. 1 (2016): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160120.

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The wood anatomy of 14 species of Cupressus was studied to determine whether there is a pattern of wood anatomical diversity between the species from the North and Central American (western) region and the Eurasian (eastern) region. Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (syn. Xanthocyparis nootkatensis) were also studied to compare their wood anatomy, given their recent inclusion by some authors in Cupressus. The arrangement of the axial parenchyma, morphology of the transverse end walls of the axial parenchyma, presence of ray tracheids, typology of the end walls of the ra

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de Palacios, Paloma, Luis G. Esteban, Francisco G. Fernández, Alberto García-Iruela, María Conde, and Elena Román-Jordán. "Comparative wood anatomy of Juniperus from Macaronesia." IAWA Journal 35, no. 2 (2014): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000059.

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The wood anatomy of the three species of Juniperus occurring in Macaronesia is compared for the first time using representative samples of each species collected in its natural region of provenance: J. cedrus Webb & Berthel and J. phoenicea L. var. canariensis Guyot, in the Canary Islands, and J. brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine, in the Azores. The three species are anatomically similar, although some qualitative differences were observed: distribution of axial parenchyma very scarce in J. phoenicea compared with the other two species, presence of crassulae only in J. phoenicea, presence of toru

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4

Carlquist, Sherwin. "How wood evolves: a new synthesis." Botany 90, no. 10 (2012): 901–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-048.

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Recent advances in wood physiology, molecular phylogeny, and ultrastructure (chiefly scanning electron microscopy, SEM), as well as important new knowledge in traditional fields, provide the basis for a new vision of how wood evolves. Woody angiosperms have, in the main, shifted from conductive safety to conductive efficiency (with many variations and modifications) and from ability to resist cavitation (low vulnerability) to ability to refill vessels. The invention of the vessel was a kind of dimorphism (vessel elements plus tracheids) that permitted division of labor and many kinds of wood r

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5

Roig, Fidel A. "Comparative Wood Anatomy of Southern South American Cupressaceae." IAWA Journal 13, no. 2 (1992): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001263.

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The wood anatomy is described for the Cupressaceae indigenous to southem South America: Austrocedrus chilensis, Pilgerodendron uviferum and Fitzroya cupressoides. The abundance and distributional pattern of axial parenchyma within each annual ring, height, and the presence or absence of nodules in the end walls of ray parenchyma are all useful anatomical features for distinguishing between the three species. Physical characteristics such as odour and heartwood colour also can be used to separate these species. Axial parenchyma cell length and tracheid length show considerable interspecific var

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Rosner, Sabine. "Hydraulic and biomechanical optimization in norway spruce trunkwood – a review." IAWA Journal 34, no. 4 (2013): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000031.

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Secondary xylem (wood) fulfills many of the functions required for tree survival, such as transport of water and nutrients, storage of water and assimilates, and mechanical support. The evolutionary process has optimized tree structure to maximize survival of the species, but has not necessarily optimized the wood properties needed for lumber. Under the impact of global warming, knowledge about structure-function relationships in tree trunks will become more and more important in order to prognosticate survival prospects of a species, individuals or provenances. Increasing our knowledge on fun

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7

Esteban, Luis García, Paloma de Palacios, Francisco García Fernández, and Ruth Moreno. "Wood Anatomy Of The Genus Abies A Review." IAWA Journal 30, no. 3 (2009): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000217.

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The literature on the wood anatomy of the genus Abies is reviewed and discussed, and complemented with a detailed study of 33 species, 1 subspecies and 4 varieties. In general, the species studied do not show diagnostic interspecific differences, although it is possible to establish differences between groups of species using certain quantitative and qualitative features.The marginal axial parenchyma consisting of single cells and the ray parenchyma cells with distinctly pitted horizontal walls, nodular end walls and presence of indentures are constant for the genus, although these features al

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8

Lenz, Patrick, Marie Deslauriers, Chhun-Huor Ung, John MacKay, and Jean Beaulieu. "What do ecological regions tell us about wood quality? A case study in eastern Canadian white spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 11 (2014): 1383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0206.

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There is a growing interest in improving knowledge on wood quality of forest resources to allow for an end-product oriented supply for the wood-processing industry. We investigated the differences of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) wood traits from 13 ecological regions of the eastern Canadian province of Quebec and identified climatic and geographic variables and tree characteristics that may help predict wood traits in novel approaches to forest inventories. One hundred and eleven wood disks were used to determine wood traits that are related to wood anatomy and to mechanical use o

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Piesschaert, Frederic, Lennart Andersson, Steven Jansen, Steven Dessein, Elmar Robbrecht, and Erik Smets. "Searching for the taxonomic position of the African genus Colletoecema (Rubiaceae): morphology and anatomy compared to an rps16-intron analysis of the Rubioideae." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 3 (2000): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-002.

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The morphology and anatomy of the African monospecific genus Colletoecema E. Petit (Rubiaceae) is documented and illustrated (including wood anatomy, pollen morphology, gynoecial and exotestal structure). Morphological and anatomical comparison shows that Colletoecema differs in many aspects from the Psychotrieae (e.g., wood anatomy, seed structure). Consequently, the genus' provisional position in the Psychotrieae cannot be maintained. Morindeae, the second tribe Colletoecema has been associated with, has a different gynoecial structure. The oily endosperm and large embryo of Colletoecema is

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10

Cichan, Michael A. "Conductance in the wood of selected Carboniferous plants." Paleobiology 12, no. 3 (1986): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300013804.

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Specific conductance was calculated for secondary xylem in seven Carboniferous stem taxa utilizing an equation derived from the Hagen-Poiseuille relation. Arborescent and lianoid representatives of major pteridophytic (Calamitaceae, Lepidodenraceae, Sphenophyllaceae) and gymnospermous (Cordaitaceae, Medullosaceae) groups were examined. In the calamite Arthropitys communis and the seed plant Cordaites (Cordaixylon sp. and Mesoxylon sp.), conductance corresponded approximately to the low end of the range for both extant conifers and angiosperms. A substantially higher conductance was determined

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11

Carlquist, Sherwin. "Wood and Bark Anatomy of Caricaceae; Correlations with Systematics and Habit." IAWA Journal 19, no. 2 (1998): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001522.

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Wood and bark anatomy are described for four species of three genera of Caricaceae; both root and stem material were available for Jacaratia hassleriana. Wood of all species lacks libriform fibers in secondary xylem, and has axial parenchyma instead. Cylicomorpha parviflora has paratracheal parenchyma cells with thin lignified walls; otherwise, all cell walls of secondary xylem in Caricaceae except those of vessels have only primary walls. Vessels have alternate laterally elongate (pseudoscalariform) pits on vessel-vessel interfaces, but wide, minimally bordered scalariform pits on vessel-pare

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12

Filion, Louise, and Luc Cournoyer. "Variation in wood structure of eastern larch defoliated by the larch sawfly in subarctic Quebec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 8 (1995): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-139.

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We studied the wood structure of eastern larch (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) affected by a larch sawfly (Pristiphoraerichsonii (Htg.)) infestation that occurred in 1939 in the Lac à l'Eau-Claire and Rivière-aux-Mélèzes areas, subarctic Quebec. The objective was to document variation in wood characteristics in relation to defoliation at three study sites. Lumen diameter of tracheids and cell wall thickness were measured from thin sections representing the 1931–1955 period. Significant changes in the wood structure of larch was noticed only at the Atkinson Island site, where the radial growth

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13

Dias-Leme, Claudia Luizon, Peter Gasson, and Eimear Nie Lughadha. "Wood Anatomy of Four Myrtaceae Genera in the Subtribe Myrciinae from South America." IAWA Journal 16, no. 1 (1995): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001393.

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The wood anatomy of 31 species representing four genera of subtribe Myrciinae, Myrtaceae, Calyptranthes, Gomidesia, Marlierea and Myrcia is described. In general the wood of subtribe Myrciinae can be characterised by solitary vessels, simple perforations, alternate vestured pits, fibres with bordered and/or vestured pits (fibre-tracheids), parenchyma scanty paratracheal, diffuse and/or diffuse-in-aggregates forming complete or interrupted bands, and heterocellular rays with disjunctive cell walls. The four genera share all these features, but exhibit considerable variation in axial parenchyma

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14

Carlquist, Sherwin. "Pentaphragma: A Unique Wood and its Significance." IAWA Journal 18, no. 1 (1997): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001453.

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Qualitative and quantitative data are given for wood anatomy of three species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae); the woods of the three species are very similar. Pentaphragma is rayless, but eventually develops rays in at least one of the species studied. This is interpreted as related to secondary woodiness or upright habit within a predominantly herbaceous phylad. The vessel elements of Pentaphragma have features universally interpreted as primitive in dicotyledons: scalariform perforation plates with numerous bars; pit membrane remnants in perforations; scalariform lateral wall pitting;

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15

Lenz, Patrick, Alain Cloutier, John MacKay, and Jean Beaulieu. "Genetic control of wood properties in Picea glauca — an analysis of trends with cambial age." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 4 (2010): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-014.

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We investigated the genetic control of wood properties as a function of cambial age to enable improvement of juvenile wood attributes in white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Increment cores were taken from 375 trees randomly selected from 25 open-pollinated families in a provenance–progeny trial repeated on three sites. High-resolution pith-to-bark profiles were obtained for microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (MOE), wood density, tracheid diameter and cell wall thickness, fibre coarseness, and specific fibre surface with the SilviScan technology. Heritability estimates indic

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16

Matos, Bárbara, Lurdes Borges Silva, Ricardo Camarinho, et al. "Linking Dendrometry and Dendrochronology in the Dominant Azorean Tree Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco." Forests 10, no. 7 (2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070538.

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As in many archipelagos, the Azorean primary forest was largely cleared and replaced by secondary forest and grassland, the Azorean tree Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco being one of the dominant trees in the remaining natural forests. Dendrochronological and dendrometric studies in the Azores mainly focused on non-indigenous trees, either used for timber (e.g., Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) or considered as invasive (Pittosporum undulatum Vent.). Therefore, this study aims to describe the growth ring anatomy of L. azorica, and to understand the relationship between dendrometric traits (e.g., trun

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17

Wheeler, E. A., P. Baas, and S. Rodgers. "Variations In Dieot Wood Anatomy: A Global Analysis Based on the Insidewood Database." IAWA Journal 28, no. 3 (2007): 229–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001638.

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Information from the Inside Wood database (5,663 descriptions) was used to determine the relative abundance of selected IAWA Hardwood List Features, for the whole world and for the broad geographic regions used in the IAWA List. Features that occur in more than 75 % of the records are: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent, diffuse porosity, exclusively simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, and non-septate fibers. The geographic distribution of vessel element features found in this study is consistent with previous studies: ring porosity is a Northern Hemisphere adapt

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18

Gryc, Vladimír, and Hanuš Vavrčík. "Effects of the position in a stem on the variability of tracheids in spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020077.

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The paper is aimed at the field of the microscopic structure of wood dealing with the description of the most important anatomic element in softwood – tracheids in a stem with the occurrence of reaction wood. Significant changes of tracheids were found along the height and radius of a stem. There were statistically significant differences between particular annual rings (variability along the stem radius). The height of a stem was also statistically significant. On the basis of the results obtained 3D models were created (for zones compression wood, opposite wood and site wood; models for radi

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19

Koňas, Petr. "3D visualization and finite element mesh formation from wood anatomy samples, Part II – Algorithm approach." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 1 (2009): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010079.

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Paper presents new original application WOOD3D in form of program code assembling. The work extends the previous article “Part I – Theoretical approach” in detail description of implemented C++ classes of utilized projects Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Insight Toolkit (ITK) and MIMX. Code is written in CMake style and it is available as multiplatform application. Currently GNU Linux (32/64b) and MS Windows (32/64b) platforms were released. Article discusses various filter classes for image filtering. Mainly Otsu and Binary threshold filters are classified for anatomy wood samples thresholding.

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APARECIDO, Luiza Maria Teophilo, Joaquim dos SANTOS, Niro HIGUCHI, and Norbert KUNERT. "Relevance of wood anatomy and size of Amazonian trees in the determination and allometry of sapwood area." Acta Amazonica 49, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201800961.

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ABSTRACT Hydrological processes in forest stands are mainly influenced by tree species composition and morpho-physiological characteristics. Few studies on anatomical patterns that govern plant hydraulics were conducted in tropical forest ecosystems. Thus, we used dye immersion to analyze sapwood area patterns of 34 trees belonging to 26 species from a terra firme forest in the central Brazilian Amazon. The sapwood area was related with wood anatomy and tree size parameters (diameter-at-breast-height - DBH, total height and estimated whole-tree volume). Exponential allometric equations were us

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Lisi, Claudio S., Mário Tomazello Fo, Paulo C. Botosso, et al. "Tree-Ring Formation, Radial Increment Periodicity, and Phenology of Tree Species from a Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil." IAWA Journal 29, no. 2 (2008): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000179.

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Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of th

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22

Liesche, Johannes, Marcelo R. Pace, Qiyu Xu, Yongqing Li, and Shaolin Chen. "Height-related scaling of phloem anatomy and the evolution of sieve element end wall types in woody plants." New Phytologist 214, no. 1 (2016): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14360.

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Carmona, Rene J., Michael C. Wiemann, Pieter Baas, et al. "Forensic identification of CITES Appendix I Cupressaceae using anatomy and mass spectrometry." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (2020): 720–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10002.

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Abstract Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides (Mol.) Johnst.) and Guaitecas cypress (Pilgerodendron uviferum (Don) Florin) are two of the three closely-related species of conifers in the Cupressaceae that are endemic to southern Chile and Argentina. Both are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). The presence or absence of nodular (conspicuously pitted) end walls in the parenchyma cells provide good diagnostic characters to separate the two species wood anatomically, but the latter is sometimes difficult to distinguish. Therefor

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Gora, Evan M., and Stephen P. Yanoviak. "Electrical properties of temperate forest trees: a review and quantitative comparison with vines." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 3 (2015): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0380.

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Trees form the terrestrial interface with the atmosphere in forested regions. The electrical properties of trees may influence their response to atmospheric conditions and potentially lethal phenomena (e.g., lightning). We review the literature describing electrical properties of trees and provide a tabular summary of the methods and goals of each study. We hypothesized that electrical resistivity varies consistently among species and between growth forms. We surveyed resistivity of eight tree and three vine species in Michigan and Kentucky, and we quantified resistivity over a moisture gradie

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Cao, Kun-Fang. "Leaf anatomy and chlorophyll content of 12 woody species in contrasting light conditions in a Bornean heath forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 10 (2000): 1245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-096.

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This paper reports the anatomy, chlorophyll content, and some optical properties of leaves of 12 tree species in sun and shade conditions in a tropical heath forest in Brunei (northern Borneo). These plants displayed some xeromorphic leaf features, e.g., relatively low stomata density compared with lowland rain forest plants and sun leaves usually with two or more layers of palisade cells. Most species displayed substantial plasticity in leaf structure and chlorophyll concentration in response to different light conditions. Dipterocarp leaves had thinner palisade mesophyll and greater spongy t

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Sugar, William, Abbie Brown, and Kenneth Luterbach. "Examining the anatomy of a screencast: Uncovering common elements and instructional strategies." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 11, no. 3 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i3.851.

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The researchers engaged in cooperative inquiry in order to explore screencasts as online instructional tools. In total, each researcher analyzed 37 screencasts, which provided over two hours of instruction. The content area of these screencasts concentrated on teaching specific computing procedures (e.g., how to install web server software or how to add a table in a word processor). The researchers analyzed their own self-produced screencasts as well as those that were professionally produced. Analyses of the screencasts led the researchers to discover common structural components (i.e., bumpe

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GERNER, MATTHIAS. "The zoom-on-possessee construction in Kam (Dong): the anatomy of a new construction type." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (2005): 307–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003282.

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Kam, a Kadai language spoken in Guizhou province (People's Republic of China), has a family of intransitive possessive constructions with the word order ‘Possessor–Verb–Possessee’. (The basic word order in Kam is SV and AVO.) While two recent papers have featured this unique construction type for an array of other Southeast Asian languages, they fail to acknowledge its distinct semantic value in contrast to the related construction type ‘Possessee–Possessor–Verb’. The former construction type displays a so-called ‘zoom-effect’: the possessor is predicated IN, AT or THROUGH his/her/its possesse

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Lazzarin, Martina, Alan Crivellaro, Cameron B. Williams, Todd E. Dawson, Giacomo Mozzi, and Tommaso Anfodillo. "TRACHEID AND PIT ANATOMY VARY IN TANDEM IN A TALL SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM TREE." IAWA Journal 37, no. 2 (2016): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160129.

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Across land plants there is a general pattern of xylem conduit diameters widening towards the stem base thus reducing the accumulation of hydraulic resistance as plants grow taller.In conifers, xylem conduits consist of cells with closed end-walls and water must flow through bordered pits imbedded in the side walls. As a consequence both cell size, which determines the numbers of walls that the conductive stream of water must cross, as well as the characteristics of the pits themselves, crucially affect total hydraulic resistance. Because both conduit size and pit features influence hydraulic

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Wang, Jun, Jason Hilton, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, et al. "Ancient noeggerathialean reveals the seed plant sister group diversified alongside the primary seed plant radiation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (2021): e2013442118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013442118.

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Noeggerathiales are enigmatic plants that existed during Carboniferous and Permian times, ∼323 to 252 Mya. Although their morphology, diversity, and distribution are well known, their systematic affinity remained enigmatic because their anatomy was unknown. Here, we report from a 298-My-old volcanic ash deposit, an in situ, complete, anatomically preserved noeggerathialean. The plant resolves the group’s affinity and places it in a key evolutionary position within the seed plant sister group. Paratingia wuhaia sp. nov. is a small tree producing gymnospermous wood with a crown of pinnate, compo

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Van Dijk, Koene R. A., Trey Hedden, Archana Venkataraman, Karleyton C. Evans, Sara W. Lazar, and Randy L. Buckner. "Intrinsic Functional Connectivity As a Tool For Human Connectomics: Theory, Properties, and Optimization." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (2010): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00783.2009.

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Resting state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) is widely used to investigate brain networks that exhibit correlated fluctuations. While fcMRI does not provide direct measurement of anatomic connectivity, accumulating evidence suggests it is sufficiently constrained by anatomy to allow the architecture of distinct brain systems to be characterized. fcMRI is particularly useful for characterizing large-scale systems that span distributed areas (e.g., polysynaptic cortical pathways, cerebro-cerebellar circuits, cortical-thalamic circuits) and has complementary strengths when contrasted with th

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Schenk, Catherine. "Rogue Trading at Lloyds Bank International, 1974: Operational Risk in Volatile Markets." Business History Review 91, no. 1 (2017): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680517000381.

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Rogue trading has been a persistent feature of international financial markets over the past thirty years, but there is remarkably little historical treatment of this phenomenon. To begin to fill this gap, evidence from company and official archives is used to expose the anatomy of a rogue trading scandal at Lloyds Bank International in 1974. The rush to internationalize, the conflict between rules and norms, and the failure of internal and external checks all contributed to the largest single loss of any British bank to that time. The analysis highlights the dangers of inconsistent norms and

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Lace-Costigan, Gemma. "Perceptions of Play." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 7, no. 3 (2017): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2017070103.

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Playful and kinaesthetic learning approaches are used in numerous early years (birth to 5 years old) learning environments, however studies in HE STEM disciplines are uncommon. This study aimed to explore the use of Play-Doh in an undergraduate anatomy module as a method of enhancing engagement. 63 students attended the ‘kinaesthetic play' lecture, where students worked in teams to make a variety of epithelial cell types using Play-Doh. Before and after the activity, students were asked to ‘choose one word to describe how you feel'. Before the activity, 48.3% of responses were negative (E.g. c

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Price, C. J., D. Howard, K. Patterson, E. A. Warburton, K. J. Friston, and R. S. J. Frackowiak. "A Functional Neuroimaging Description of Two Deep Dyslexic Patients." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (1998): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562753.

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Deep dyslexia is a striking reading disorder that results from left-hemisphere brain damage and is characterized by semantic errors in reading single words aloud (e.g., reading spirit as whisky). Two types of explanation for this syndrome have been advanced. One is that deep dyslexia results from a residual left-hemisphere reading system that has lost the ability to pronounce a printed word without reference to meaning. The second is that deep dyslexia reflects right-hemisphere word processing. Although previous attempts to adjudicate between these hypotheses have been inconclusive, the contro

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Nixon, A. J., L. Broad, D. P. Saywell, and A. J. Pearson. "Transforming growth factor-alpha immunoreactivity during induced hair follicle growth cycles in sheep and ferrets." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 4 (1996): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.4.8601697.

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Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) has been associated with cell proliferation of keratinocytes and implicated in hair growth. We therefore examined changes in the immunocytochemical localization of TGF-alpha and cell proliferation markers in the skin of two unrelated species in which hair cycles could be induced, to elucidate the role of this growth factor in the control of fiber growth. Skin was collected from melatonin-treated ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), untreated Romney sheep (Ovis aries), and New Zealand Wiltshire sheep in which interruption of wool growth had been photoper

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Slotta, Franziska, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle. "High-resolution <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman." Biogeosciences 18, no. 12 (2021): 3539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021.

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Abstract. The African baobab, Adansonia digitata L., has great paleoclimatological potential because of its wide distributional range and millennial length life span. However, dendroclimatological approaches are hampered by dating uncertainties due to its unique, parenchyma-dominated stem anatomy. Here, securely dated time series of annual wood increment growth and intra-ring stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen of cellulose for a baobab tree from Oman covering 1941 to 2005 were established and tested for relationships to hydroclimate variability. Precise dating with the atomic bomb peak (ABP)

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Ling, Shouyu, Andy C. H. Lee, Blair C. Armstrong, and Adrian Nestor. "How are visual words represented? Insights from EEG‐based visual word decoding, feature derivation and image reconstruction." Human Brain Mapping 40, no. 17 (2019): 5056–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24757.

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Tyulkova, E. G. "Comparative analysis of anatomical structure of wood plant leaf under exposure to volatile organic compounds." Ecology and Noospherology 31, no. 1 (2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032008.

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Industrial enterprises of thermal power engineering, fuel, chemical and petrochemical industry, mechanical engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy are sources of volatile organic compounds, the emissions of which can now reach a significant amount due to changes in technological processes. Studying the effect of volatile organic compounds on changes in anatomical parameters of a plant sheet is a little-studied aspect compared to exposure to oxides of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, ammonia, heavy metals. The aim of the work was therefore to study the anatomical features of the tree leaf as adaptive feat

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Buckner, R. L., M. E. Raichle, and S. E. Petersen. "Dissociation of human prefrontal cortical areas across different speech production tasks and gender groups." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 2163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2163.

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1. Data from a series of positron emission tomography (PET) experiments were analyzed with two goals. The first goal was to determine whether there were reliable differences in prefrontal cortex activation across two different speech production tasks. Such differences are important in determining functional subdivisions within prefrontal cortex. The second goal was to determine whether there were any gender differences across the two speech production tasks. 2. To accomplish these goals, PET subtraction images were generated for each of two speech production tasks (stem completion and verb gen

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Campos da Silva, Luzimar, Aristéa Alves Azevedo, Eldo Antônio Monteiro da Silva, and Marco Antonio Oliva. "Effects of simulated acid rain on the growth of five Brazilian tree species and anatomy of the most sensitive species (Joannesia princeps)." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 8 (2005): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04096.

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Seedlings and young saplings of some woody species were exposed to simulated low-pH acid rain, in order to develop a response screening for tropical tree species by determination of the symptoms of foliar injury and growth responses, as well as to identify anatomical alterations in the leaf blade of the most sensitive species. Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Genipa americana L., Joannesia princeps Vell., Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula and Spondias dulcis Forst.f. were exposed daily to 20 min of acid rain, pH 3.0, for 10 consecutive days. The degree of leaf damage and the anatom

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Westerband, A. C., J. L. Funk, and K. E. Barton. "Intraspecific trait variation in plants: a renewed focus on its role in ecological processes." Annals of Botany 127, no. 4 (2021): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab011.

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Abstract Background Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and abiotic interactions. While evolutionary and population biology have extensively investigated ITV, only in the last 10 years has interest in ITV surged within community and comparative ecology. Scope Despite this recent interest, still lacking are thorough descriptions of ITV’s extent, the spatial and temporal structure of ITV, and stronger connections between ITV and community and ecosystem properties.

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Reser, David, Margaret Simmons, Esther Johns, et al. "Australian Aboriginal techniques for memorization: Translation into a medical and allied health education setting." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251710.

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Background Writing and digital storage have largely replaced organic memory for encoding and retrieval of information in the modern era, with a corresponding decrease in emphasis on memorization in Western education. In health professional training, however, there remains a large corpus of information for which memorization is the most efficient means of ensuring: A) that the trainee has the required information readily available; and B) that a foundation of knowledge is laid, upon which the medical trainee builds multiple, complex layers of detailed information during advanced training. The c

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Gričar, Jožica, Andreja Vedenik, Gregor Skoberne, Polona Hafner, and Peter Prislan. "Timeline of Leaf and Cambial Phenology in Relation to Development of Initial Conduits in Xylem and Phloem in Three Coexisting Sub-Mediterranean Deciduous Tree Species." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101104.

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It is unclear how the anticipated climate change will affect the timing of phenology of different tree organs/tissues and thus the whole-tree functioning. We examined the timing of leaf phenology and secondary growth in three coexisting deciduous tree species (Quercus pubescens Willd., Fraxinus ornus L. and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop) from a sub-Mediterranean region in 2019. In addition, we investigated the relationship between leaf and cambial phenology and the onset of the potential functioning of initial conduits, as determined by the completed differentiation process (vessels) or final size

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Dilkes, David. "Carpus and tarsus of Temnospondyli." Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 1 (October 22, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18435/b5mw2q.

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The carpus of Eryops megacephalus and tarsus of Acheloma cumminsi known from complete and articulated individuals have provided the standard anatomy of these skeletal regions for temnospondyls. Restudy of the carpus of Eryops confirms the presence of only four digits, but refutes evidence for a prepollex, postminimus, and distal carpal 5. The supposed contact surface on centrale 1 for a prepollex is reinterpreted as part of the articulation for metacarpal 1 that includes distal carpal 1. Contrary to previous interpretations, a notch on the intermedium does not fit against the lateral corner of

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Karbe, Hans, Karl Herholz, Marco Halber, and Wolf-Dieter Heiss. "Collateral Inhibition of Transcallosal Activity Facilitates Functional Brain Asymmetry." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 18, no. 10 (1998): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199810000-00012.

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The corpus callosum is the largest connection between the functionally asymmetric cerebral hemispheres. The objective of this study was to measure functional activity of callosal fiber tracts during speech processing. We analyzed the regional glucose metabolism of the corpus callosum and of speech-relevant cortical areas in 10 normal individuals at rest and during word repetition. We used three-dimensionally registered magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the individual brain morphology and high-resolution positron emission tomography for metabolic measurements. The task-induced metabolic c

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Varisco, Daniel Martin. "Medieval Islamic Medicine." American Journal of Islam and Society 25, no. 3 (2008): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v25i3.1462.

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One of the acknowledged contributions to late medieval western educationwas the tradition of Islamic medicine, both for its role in preserving earlierGreek medical knowledge and, as the authors of this book demonstrate, forinnovative and creative advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patientcare. Pormann and Savage-Smith provide an informative overview of thehistory of medicine in the Islamic world, from the Prophet’s sayings to theperiod of extensive contact with European colonialism. Their work supplementsand updates the slim volume ofManfred Ullmann, to whom this bookis dedicated, e

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Serra, Raffaele, Michele Andreucci, Giovanni De Caridi, Mafalda Massara, Pasquale Mastroroberto, and Stefano de Franciscis. "Functional chronic venous disease: A systematic review." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 32, no. 9 (2017): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355516686451.

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Objectives Functional chronic venous disease is an underestimated syndrome quite present in the general population. It affects up to 20% of the general population and is based on the presence of venous symptoms without instrumental evidence of anatomic and morphologic damage. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with the most updated information on this phenomenon. Methods Medline and Scopus databases were searched without time limit using the key-word: ‘Functional chronic venous disease of legs’, C0s patients. We decided to include all the studies conducted about functional

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Forbes, P. Donald, and Christopher P. Sambuco. "Assays for Photocarcinogenesis: Relevance of Animal Models." International Journal of Toxicology 17, no. 5 (1998): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158198226099.

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In the three and a half decades since the first published reports of squamous cell carcinomas in the skin of hairless mice exposed to ultraviolet radiation, this animal model has been developed and utilized extensively in basic and applied photobiology. Quantitative aspects of photocarcinogenesis had been investigated initially in haired mice; subsequently, the discipline of photoimmunology has developed largely on the basis of information derived from haired animals. Classical selective breeding methods, a few fortuitous mutations along the way, and the advent of genetic engineering have all

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Carrillo, Ryner Jose C. "Pterygoid Botolinum Toxin Injection." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 26, no. 1 (2011): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v26i1.615.

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Botolinum is a toxic polypeptide produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum that inhibits acetylcholine release from nerve endings, resulting in reduced neuromuscular transmission and local muscle activity, as well as cholinergic mediated parasympathetic activities.1 Its name is derived from the Latin word botulus, meaning sausage, as its toxicity was initially attributed to the oil of spoiled sausages. Of late, botolinum, packaged in various commercial forms such as onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox® type A, Allergan, Irvine, CA), is popularly used in several medical appl

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Keizman, Eitan, Shai Tejman-Yarden, David Mishali, et al. "The Bilateral Bidirectional Glenn Operation as a Risk Factor Prior to Fontan Completion in Complex Congenital Heart Disease Patients." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 10, no. 2 (2019): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135118819997.

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Introduction: The Glenn procedure is generally performed as a second-stage palliative procedure toward the completion of Fontan circulation in patients with a functionally univentricular heart. Safe Fontan completion requires normal ventricular function, competent atrioventricular valves, normal pulmonary arteries anatomy, and low pulmonary vascular resistances (PVRs), which is merely an estimation that considers both lungs as a single unit. Clinical observations revealed that patients who previously underwent bilateral bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (b-BCPA) had a stormier postoperat

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Ewals, Leo. "Ary Scheffer, een Nederlandse Fransman." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 99, no. 4 (1985): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501785x00134.

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AbstractAry Scheffer (1795-1858) is so generally included in the French School (Note 2)- unsurprisingly, since his career was confined almost entirely to Paris - that the fact that he was born and partly trained in the Netherlands is often overlooked. Yet throughout his life he kept in touch with Dutch colleagues and drew part of his inspiration from Dutch traditions. These Dutch aspects are the subject of this article. The Amsterdam City Academy, 1806-9 Ary Scheffer was enrolled at the Amsterdam Academy on 25 October 1806, his parents falsifying his date of birth in order to get him admitted

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