Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wood anatomy'
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Hsu, Ching Yi. "Radiata pine wood anatomy structure and biophysical properties." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7202.
Full textGonçalves, Thaís Alves Pereira [UNESP]. "Anatomia do lenho e do carvão de espécies arbóreas do Cerrado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88517.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A Antracologia é uma ciência que se baseia na anatomia da madeira para realizar a análise e identificação de carvão vegetal. No Brasil, ela visa tradicionalmente obter dados paleoecológicos e paleoetnobotânicos, mas também conservacionistas e tecnológicos. As análises antracológicas são possíveis porque a estrutura do lenho se mantém no carvão, entretanto, variações morfométricas podem ocorrer. O presente estudo visa contribuir para um melhor entendimento do efeito da carbonização no lenho através da análise estrutural da anatomia antes e após carbonização. A escolha de espécies do cerrado deveu-se ao forte impacto que este bioma sofre pela devastação e, principalmente, pelo uso de suas espécies para a produção de carvão vegetal. A anatomia do lenho e do carvão obtido a 400ºC foram analisadas em amostras de Copaifera langsdorffii, Dalbergia violacea, Dimorphandra mollis, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Caryocar brasiliense, Couepia grandiflora, Tapirira guianensis, Qualea grandiflora, Vochysia tucanorum e Pouteria torta, todas provenientes do cerrado e apresentando tipos anatômicos distintos. Todos os resultados quantitativos foram comparados estatisticamente. A contração anisotrópica nos carvões foi evidenciada principalmente na redução do diâmetro tangencial dos vasos, que ocorreu em 70% das espécies, mas não foi o suficiente para aumentar significativamente sua frequência; o diâmetro da abertura das pontoações intervasculares praticamente se manteve; a frequência dos raios aumentou ligeiramente; a altura e a largura dos raios variaram bastante, sendo que os raios mais largos contraíram mais que os estreitos; o parênquima axial manteve, no carvão, características semelhantes às do lenho; as fibras dos carvões perderam a distinção das camadas das paredes celulares presentes no lenho, mas mantiveram dimensões semelhantes...
Anthracology, or charcoal analysis, is a science based on wood anatomy. In Brazil it traditionally studies palaeoenvironment and palaeoethnobotany, as well as nature conservancy and forestry technology. Anthracological analyses are possible due to the maintenance of wood structure in charcoal. The present study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of carbonization on wood anatomy. Fresh and charred cerrado woods samples were analyzed. The Brazilian cerrado is highly impacted by devastation, while its species are widely used for charcoal production. The latter were charred under 400ºC. The selected species present different anatomical characteristics: Copaifera langsdorffii, Dalbergia violacea, Dimorphandra mollis, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Caryocar brasiliense, Couepia grandiflora, Tapirira guianensis, Qualea grandiflora, Vochysia tucanorum, and Pouteria torta. All the quantitative data between wood and charcoal were statistically analyzed. The anisotropic pattern of contraction in charcoals was evident as 70% of the species presented a reduction in vessels tangential diameter. Vessel frequency increase, however, was not statistically significant. Intervessel pits apertures diameters were very closely between wood and charcoal. Rays frequency slightly increased; rays height and width were extremely variable. Larger rays contract more than narrow ones. Axial parenchyma retained, in charcoal, the same dimensions and shape of wood. Charcoal fibres presented indistinct cell wall layering, but retained similar dimensions of wood fibres. Carbonization under 400ºC caused only few changes between wood and charcoal, corroborating the assumption that wood anatomy and anthracology are two closely related sciences
Visscher, George E. "Wood Anatomy of Metasequoia - Separation from Glyptostrobus and Function/Structure Considerations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/VisscherGH2002.pdf.
Full textCockaday, Alan Edward. "The variation of bending stiffness and wood anatomy in Sitka spruce." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317370.
Full textOzden, Seray. "The relationship between the anatomy and mechanical properties of different green wood species." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684776.
Full textModén, Carl S. "Micromechanics of softwoods in the transverse plane : effects on cell and annual ring scales /." Stockholm : Farkost och flyg, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9604.
Full textGoulart, Selma Lopes [UNESP]. "Anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. E Aegiphila sellowiana Cham.(Verbenaceae) de área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88133.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Estudos comparativos da anatomia do lenho de raiz e caule em espécies brasileiras são escassos, porém de grande importância, uma vez que as variações estruturais entre os dois órgãos são indispensáveis para o entendimento das adaptações ecológicas das espécies. Neste trabalho estudou-se a anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule das espécies Lippia salviaefolia Cham. e Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., da família Verbenaceae. As espécies ocorrem em reserva particular de cerrado no município de Pratânia, estado de São Paulo (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Foram estudados três espécimes de L. salviaefolia e A. sellowiana. Amostras de caule foram coletadas à altura do peito (AP), isto é, a 1,30 m do solo e as amostras de raiz foram coletadas de 30 a 40 cm da base do tronco. Observou-se que houve variações anatômicas, qualitativa e quantitativa, entre os órgãos analisados, caule e raiz, para ambas as espécies. As duas espécies possuem camadas de crescimento distintas em ambos os órgãos. Anel semi-poroso foi observado no lenho de ambas as espécies. Placas de perfuração simples e múltiplas foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em L. salviaefolia, enquanto que placas de perfuração simples foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em A. sellowiana. Raios mais largos foram observados no lenho de raiz em ambas as espécies. Fibras septadas foram observadas no lenho de raiz em L. salviaefolia e no lenho de caule e raiz em A. sellowiana. Fibras bifurcadas, com cavidades e com interrupção de parede foram observadas no lenho de caule e raiz em L. salviaefolia e A. sellowina O índice de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia indicam que as plantas de L. salviaefolia estão adaptadas às condições xéricas e as plantas de A. sellowiana estão adaptadas às condições mésicas. Quantitativamente, as características...
Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem in Brazilian species are scarce and they are important as the structural variations between both organs might explain the adaptive characteristics of the species. Wood from stem and root of L. salviaefolia Cham. and Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Verbenaceae) was studied. The study was conducted in a cerrado area in Pratânia municipality, São Paulo state (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Three plants of each species were studied. Stem samples were collected at a breast height (1.30 m from soil), and root samples were collected 30 to 40 cm from the stem base. There were qualitative and quantitative variation between root and stem wood in both species. Well defined growth increments were observed in root and stem wood in both species. Semi-porous rings were observed in the wood of both species. Simple and multiple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in L. salviaefolia, while simple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in A. sellowiana. Wider rays were observed in root wood in both species. Septate fibres were observed in root wood of L. salviaefolia and in root and stem wood of A. sellowiana. Concavities-and-gaps-containing bifurcated fibres were observed in the stem and root wood for both A. sellowiana and L. salviaefolia. The vulnerability and mesomorphy indexes indicate that L. salviaefolia plants are adapted to xeric conditions and A. sellowiana plants are adapted to mesic conditions. The most informative quantitative characteristics differing root wood from stem one in L. salviaefolia were: vessel elements length and frequency; fibre diameter and length, and wall thickness; and ray width and height. In A. sellowiana, they were: vessel elements length, diameter and frequency; fibre diameter and wall thickness; and ray width, height and frequency and intervascular pitting diameter.
Pigozzo, Raphael Jaquier Bossler. "Espectroscopia de infravermelho-próximo em madeiras neotropicais: aplicação na identificação e predição de propriedades físicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-06092011-111956/.
Full textWood is an excellent renewable raw material, used as fuel, pulp and as building material. However, the properties of wood vary widely among species. Therefore, knowing the wood species as well as some of its properties is essential for proper planning of its application, avoiding waste and improving the quality of wood based products. In this study it was analysed the application of the near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to identification and prediction of physical properties of native or planted timbers from Brazil, which show great variation on their properties and anatomical features. First, it was verified the relationship between the NIR spectrum and the basic density as well as some important anatomical features for wood identification, especially those related to ray parenchyma. Then, using NIR spectroscopy, models were developed to predict the wood basic density from various Brazilian species. It was also applied NIR spectroscopy to separate the woods from Dalbergia nigra and D. spruceana, two woods that are very similar in appearance and anatomical features. The results suggest that near-infrared spectroscopy is a potential tool for classification of various Brazilian woods based on their physical properties, as well as an auxiliary method in wood anatomy identification.
Gonçalves, Thaís Alves Pereira 1982. "Anatomia do lenho e do carvão de espécies arbóreas do Cerrado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88517.
Full textAbstract: Anthracology, or charcoal analysis, is a science based on wood anatomy. In Brazil it traditionally studies palaeoenvironment and palaeoethnobotany, as well as nature conservancy and forestry technology. Anthracological analyses are possible due to the maintenance of wood structure in charcoal. The present study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of carbonization on wood anatomy. Fresh and charred cerrado woods samples were analyzed. The Brazilian cerrado is highly impacted by devastation, while its species are widely used for charcoal production. The latter were charred under 400ºC. The selected species present different anatomical characteristics: Copaifera langsdorffii, Dalbergia violacea, Dimorphandra mollis, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Caryocar brasiliense, Couepia grandiflora, Tapirira guianensis, Qualea grandiflora, Vochysia tucanorum, and Pouteria torta. All the quantitative data between wood and charcoal were statistically analyzed. The anisotropic pattern of contraction in charcoals was evident as 70% of the species presented a reduction in vessels tangential diameter. Vessel frequency increase, however, was not statistically significant. Intervessel pits apertures diameters were very closely between wood and charcoal. Rays frequency slightly increased; rays height and width were extremely variable. Larger rays contract more than narrow ones. Axial parenchyma retained, in charcoal, the same dimensions and shape of wood. Charcoal fibres presented indistinct cell wall layering, but retained similar dimensions of wood fibres. Carbonization under 400ºC caused only few changes between wood and charcoal, corroborating the assumption that wood anatomy and anthracology are two closely related sciences
Orientador: Carmen Regina Marcati
Coorientador: Rita Scheel-Ybert
Banca: Graciela Ines B.de Muniz
Banca: Claudia França Barros
Mestre
Angélico, Talita dos Santos [UNESP]. "Anatomia do lenho de caule e raiz de plantas jovens de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) Morong (Fabaceae-mimosoideae) crescendo em diferentes condições edáficas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95084.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., pertencente à família Fabaceae-Mimosoideae e conhecido popularmente como tamboril ou timboúva, apresenta crescimento rápido no campo e por esse motivo é utilizado em reflorestamento de áreas degradadas em plantios mistos. Estudo sobre a anatomia do lenho de caules de plantas de E. contortisiliquum, adultas e de mesma idade, revelou que plantas que cresceram sobre Nitossolo Vermelho (NV) apresentaram vasos de maior diâmetro e elementos de vaso mais compridos, fibras com diâmetro maior e paredes mais espessas e pontoações intervasculares com diâmetro maior, quando comparadas com plantas que cresceram em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (LVA). O presente trabalho simula em viveiro o crescimento das plantas desta espécie nas mesmas condições edáficas (NV e LVA), com a hipótese de que plantas produzidas em viveiro apresentem também variação na estrutura anatômica da madeira. Complementarmente, foram analisadas comparativamente as características anatômicas do lenho do caule e da raiz destas plantas que cresceram em condições controladas de viveiro. Para a realização deste estudo, coletou-se cada tipo de solo (NV e LVA) em 20 a 40 cm de profundidade, numa quantidade suficiente para encher vinte vasos de cinco litros cada. Dez vasos com cada um dos diferentes tipos de solos (NV e LVA) foram montados no Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Florestais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. Sementes coletadas em campo foram colocadas para germinar após a quebra de dormência por escarificação mecânica com lixa seca. As plantas cresceram a pleno sol recebendo irrigações diárias e nenhum tipo de adubação. Medições mensais de altura e diâmetro dos caules foram realizadas durante os dois anos em que as plantas permaneceram em viveiro. Após esse período, amostras de caule e raiz foram...
Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) is known popularly as tamboril or timboúva, has fast growth and that’s why it is largely used for reforestation of degraded areas. In a previous study about stem wood anatomy of E. contortisiliquum with mature plants of the same age cultivated at the field, revealed that plants which grew in Alfisol Clay Texture (ACT) soil showed wider and longer vessel elements, wider fibers with thicker walls and larger diameter of intervessel pitting than the plants that grew in Oxisol Medium Texture (OMT) soil. The present study simulates E. contortisiliquum plants growth in nursery in the same edaphic conditions (ACT soil and OMT soil), with the hypothesis that young plants also have variations in their wood structure. Additionally to stem studies, a diagnose of the root wood anatomy was made for comparisons between the different soil type and organs. The two soils were collected around 20-40 cm below the ground level, in enough quantity to fill 20 pot, with five liters each one. Ten pots with each soil (OMT and ACT) were placed at the Nursery of Forest Seedling Production, Natural Research Department – Forest Sciences, FCA, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu – SP. Seeds collected at the field were planted after scarification with dry sandpaper to break dormancy of the seeds. The young plants grew in full light, received daily irrigation and no fertilization. Shoot height and stem diameter were measured monthly during two years at the nursery. After this period, stem samples from the main stem and the main root of ten young plants were collected and the samples were fixed in FAA 70 and stored in alcohol 70% in the Wood Anatomy Laboratory. In this laboratory, histological sections (cross, tangential longitudinal and radial longitudinal) were obtained and permanent histological slides were made. Woody fragments ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Goulart, Selma Lopes. "Anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. E Aegiphila sellowiana Cham.(Verbenaceae) de área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88133.
Full textBanca: Verônica Angylossy
Banca: Rita de Cássia Sindronia Maimoni Rodella
Resumo: Estudos comparativos da anatomia do lenho de raiz e caule em espécies brasileiras são escassos, porém de grande importância, uma vez que as variações estruturais entre os dois órgãos são indispensáveis para o entendimento das adaptações ecológicas das espécies. Neste trabalho estudou-se a anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule das espécies Lippia salviaefolia Cham. e Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., da família Verbenaceae. As espécies ocorrem em reserva particular de cerrado no município de Pratânia, estado de São Paulo (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Foram estudados três espécimes de L. salviaefolia e A. sellowiana. Amostras de caule foram coletadas à altura do peito (AP), isto é, a 1,30 m do solo e as amostras de raiz foram coletadas de 30 a 40 cm da base do tronco. Observou-se que houve variações anatômicas, qualitativa e quantitativa, entre os órgãos analisados, caule e raiz, para ambas as espécies. As duas espécies possuem camadas de crescimento distintas em ambos os órgãos. Anel semi-poroso foi observado no lenho de ambas as espécies. Placas de perfuração simples e múltiplas foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em L. salviaefolia, enquanto que placas de perfuração simples foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em A. sellowiana. Raios mais largos foram observados no lenho de raiz em ambas as espécies. Fibras septadas foram observadas no lenho de raiz em L. salviaefolia e no lenho de caule e raiz em A. sellowiana. Fibras bifurcadas, com cavidades e com interrupção de parede foram observadas no lenho de caule e raiz em L. salviaefolia e A. sellowina O índice de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia indicam que as plantas de L. salviaefolia estão adaptadas às condições xéricas e as plantas de A. sellowiana estão adaptadas às condições mésicas. Quantitativamente, as características... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem in Brazilian species are scarce and they are important as the structural variations between both organs might explain the adaptive characteristics of the species. Wood from stem and root of L. salviaefolia Cham. and Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Verbenaceae) was studied. The study was conducted in a cerrado area in Pratânia municipality, São Paulo state (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Three plants of each species were studied. Stem samples were collected at a breast height (1.30 m from soil), and root samples were collected 30 to 40 cm from the stem base. There were qualitative and quantitative variation between root and stem wood in both species. Well defined growth increments were observed in root and stem wood in both species. Semi-porous rings were observed in the wood of both species. Simple and multiple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in L. salviaefolia, while simple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in A. sellowiana. Wider rays were observed in root wood in both species. Septate fibres were observed in root wood of L. salviaefolia and in root and stem wood of A. sellowiana. Concavities-and-gaps-containing bifurcated fibres were observed in the stem and root wood for both A. sellowiana and L. salviaefolia. The vulnerability and mesomorphy indexes indicate that L. salviaefolia plants are adapted to xeric conditions and A. sellowiana plants are adapted to mesic conditions. The most informative quantitative characteristics differing root wood from stem one in L. salviaefolia were: vessel elements length and frequency; fibre diameter and length, and wall thickness; and ray width and height. In A. sellowiana, they were: vessel elements length, diameter and frequency; fibre diameter and wall thickness; and ray width, height and frequency and intervascular pitting diameter.
Mestre
John, Judith. "Variation of wood anatomy in relation to environmental factors in two Southern African hardwoods." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46368.
Full textCosme, Luiza Helena Menezes. "A importância da arquitetura hidráulica para a compreensão do padrão de distribuição de árvores em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2283.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Environmental filters act directly on the distribution and composition of species. However, it is not known how soil and belowground hydric conditions are related to hydraulic characteristics of the xylem, branches and of the whole plant on a local scale. We examined wood density and anatomy, height, leaf area, specific leaf area, and the leaf area:sapwood area ratio at the branch level in valleys and plateaus of the terra-firme forest in Central Amazonia. These environments present contrasting table water depths and soil textures. We measure 20 traits related to branches, stem, and whole plant in 28 congeneric species pairs from 12 genera, each containing one valley and one plateau species. Species associated with the plateaus or valleys showed trait differences that indicate distinct investments in prevention against hydraulic failure and driving efficiency, respectively. On plateaus, species had higher wood density, lower averages of vessel size and hydraulic diameter of the vessel, smaller stem sapwood area and smaller specific leaf area. Some correlations between traits change according to the contrasting environmental conditions, demonstrating that species have different investments in traits according to the water conditions in the soil. The maximum adult stature in contrast environments was associated with different investing in conductivity efficiency through the xylem anatomy.We conclude that even in a fine scale, with few meters separating contrasting soil texture and water table depth conditions, environmental filters may impose ecological restrictions on trees that could explain species complementary distribution in Central Amazonia. These filter may be stronger in phylogenetically closely related species, which show more similarities and compete for the same resources. Thus, contrasting soil texture and water table depth conditions may be important determinants of species composition and diversity . Thus, we suggest that hydraulic attributes and their relationships with the environment must be better understood, especially on a local level.
Filtros ambientais atuam diretamente sobre a distribuição e composição de espécies. No entanto, não se sabe como solo e as condições hídricas abaixo do solo estão relacionados às características hidráulicas do xilema. Nós examinamos a densidade da madeira e anatomia da madeira, altura, área foliar, área foliar específica e a razão entre área foliar:área de xilema ativo no nível do ramo em espécies de árvore que ocorrem no baixio e platôs em uma floresta de terra-firme. Esses ambientes apresentam diferenças na profundidade do lençol freático e textura do solo. Nós medimos 20 traços funcionais em 28 pares de espécies congenéricas de 12 gêneros. Cada par com uma espécie associada a baixio e uma espécie associada platô. Espécies associadas aos platô ou baixios mostraram diferenças que indicam investimentos distintos na prevenção contra a falha hidráulica e eficiência de condução, respectivamente. Em platôs, as espécies apresentaram maior densidade da madeira, as médias mais baixas de diâmetro do vaso e diâmetro hidráulico do vaso, menor área de xilema ativo no caule e menor área foliar específica. A relação entre alguns atributos se alterou nas condições ambientais contrastantes, e espécies de diferentes alturas nos diferentes ambientes parecem investir em eficiencia e segurança hidráulica de maneiras distintas. Concluímos que mesmo em uma escala fina, com poucos metros separando ambientes com condições contrastantes de textura do solo e profundidade do lençol freático, filtros ambientais podem impor restrições ecológicas em árvores que poderiam explicar espécies de distribuição complementar na Amazônia Central. Estas restrições podem ser mais fortes em espécies filogeneticamente relacionadas, que mostram mais semelhanças e competem pelos mesmos recursos. Sugerimos que os atributos hidráulicos e suas relações com o meio ambiente devem ser melhor compreendidos, especialmente a nível local.
Figueiredo, Cairo Faleiros de. "Anatomia e identificação macroscópica das lianas da Reserva Florestal do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-23012012-110851/.
Full textThere is a need for techniques for accurate identification of species of lianas in forest formations of São Paulo, to allow the implementation of conservation and ecosystem management. This study aimed at creating mechanisms for efficient and rapid anatomical identification of the wood of vines. For this pupouse it was collected and described anatomically 54 lianas species belonging to 19 families that occurs in the Reserva do Instituto de Biociências da USP forest. With the anatomical descriptions, organoleptic characteristics and variations in the formation of tissues (cambial variants), it was possible to create multiple entry keys and electronic keys that enable the identification of individuals to the species level. These keys have targeted the use of simple tools such as hand lens of 10 increases. Thus were created products that allow a quick and easy identification of vines using only parts of the stem.These products can be used both in field and laboratory and also in dry or fresh. The work presented here has also developed a GUI Identification of Lianas occurring in the forest reserve of the Institute of Biosciences of USP with boards that show detailed iconographic aspects of the anatomy of lianas. It was concluded that using large groups of the above features together can create tools extremely useful in areas with previously inventoried the flora.
Santos, Sidinei Rodrigues dos. "ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DO LENHO E DESCRIÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE CINCO ESPÉCIES SUL-RIO-GRANDENSES DA FAMÍLIA RHAMNACEAE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8627.
Full textThe family Rhamnaceae is little represented in Brazil and scarcely known with regard to its wood anatomical structure. It includes species with an extraordinary habit diversity and morphologic aspects with a tendency toward xeromorphism. The present study aims to investigate the wood anatomy, besides providing a morphologic descriptions of five native species: Colletia paradoxa (Sprengel) Escalante, Discaria americana Gillies et Hooker, Gouania ulmifolia Hooker et Arnott, Rhamnus sphaerosperma Swartz e Scutia buxifolia Reissek. Wood samples and used exsiccatae was gained in the wood collections and herbarium of the Forest Sciences Department, of the Federal University of Santa Maria, as well as of other herbaria in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and of own collection material. The terminology used in the botanical description followed Radford et al. (1974). The wood description followed the recommendations of Copant (1973), basically. Most part of the wood anatomical characteristics agrees with the common pattern in the family, including: non exclusively solitary pores; very short vascular elements, usually with short tails; only simple perforation plates; alternate intervessel pits, not vestured and with include openings; scarce paratracheal parenchyma, in non-stratefied series; heterogeneous type II rays, very numerous, non-stratified and non-exclusively uniseriate; and non-septate fibres, with simple pits in the walls. The presence of tails in vascular elements is reported for the first time to Rhamnaceae. The five studied species present enough anatomical particularities to its identification. The frequency and diameter of pores, as well as the vascular elements length, are apparently related to species growth habit. The predominant presence of specialized anatomical characteristics lend a developed character to the secondary xylem of the studied species. From the anatomical point of view, xeromorphic characteristics were also recognized in the wood. With regard to external morphology, it is not preferable the recognition of infra-specific categories in Rhamnus sphaerosperma Swartz, as proposed by Johnston (1978), due to overlapping of some morphologic characters used by the author, in order to separate its varieties. In Colletia paradoxa, in spite of the considerable variations in external branches morphology among some individuals, it is not recommended the recognition of different species, due to the similarity in reproductive structures.
A família Rhamnaceae é pouco representada no Brasil e escassamente conhecida no tocante à estrutura anatômica da madeira. Compreende espécies com extraordinária diversidade de hábito e aspectos morfológicos com tendência ao xeromorfismo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a anatomia do lenho, além de fornecer a descrição morfológica de cinco espécies nativas: Colletia paradoxa (Sprengel) Escalante, Discaria americana Gillies et Hooker, Gouania ulmifolia Hooker et Arnott, Rhamnus sphaerosperma Swartz e Scutia buxifolia Reissek. Foram utilizadas amostras de madeira e exsicatas provenientes de Xiloteca e Herbário do Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, bem como de outros herbários do Rio Grande do Sul e de coletas próprias. A terminologia usada na descrição botânica seguiu Radford et al. (1974). A descrição da madeira seguiu as recomendações da Copant (1973), basicamente. A maior parte das características anatômicas observadas concorda com o padrão típico da família: poros não exclusivamente solitários; elementos vasculares muito curtos, geralmente com apêndices curtos; placas de perfuração exclusivamente simples; pontoações intervasculares alternas, não ornamentadas e com abertura inclusa; parênquima paratraqueal escasso, em séries não estratificadas; raios heterogêneos tipo II, muito numerosos, não estratificados e não exclusivamente unisseriados; e fibras não septadas, providas de pontoações simples na parede. A presença de apêndices em elementos vasculares constitui novidade para as Rhamnaceae. As cinco espécies estudadas apresentam particularidades anatômicas suficientes para a sua identificação. A freqüência e diâmetro de poros, bem como o comprimento de elementos vasculares, estão aparentemente relacionados com o hábito de crescimento das espécies. A presença predominante de características anatômicas especializadas atribui um caráter evoluído ao xilema secundário das espécies estudadas. Do ponto de vista anatômico, foram também reconhecidas características xeromórficas no lenho. Com relação à morfologia externa, é preferível o não reconhecimento de categorias infra-específicas em Rhamnus sphaerosperma Swartz, como proposto por Johnston & Johnston (1978), devido à sobreposição de alguns caracteres morfológicos usados pelo autor, para separação das variedades. No caso de Colletia paradoxa, apesar das consideráveis variações observadas na morfologia externa dos ramos entre alguns indivíduos, não é recomendado o reconhecimento de espécies distintas, pela semelhança nas estruturas reprodutivas.
Teixeira-Costa, Luíza. "Aspectos anatômicos e funcionais da interação entre duas espécies do gênero Phoradendron (Santalaceae) e suas hospedeiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-20052015-083542/.
Full textPhoradendron is one of the most diverse genera among parasitic plants, comprising ca. 230 species and showing a great variety of morphologies and infestation patterns. The present work compared the infestation patterns of two Phoradendron species on different hosts: Tapirira guianensis and Cedrela fissilis, and also analyzed their effects on the hosts\' functionality and wood anatomy. Traditional wood anatomy procedures were used, along with the technique of microtomography analysis and functional anatomy experiments using a dye ascent through host wood. Results showed that while P. crassifolium forms a defined gall in branches of T. guianensis, Phoradendron sp. is more aggressive when spreading its endophytic tissue trough the wood of C. fissilis, causing major disruptions on both xylem and phloem tissues of the host. Such disruptions could lead to a local change of the auxin/cytokinin balance and probably ethylene liberation. This hypothesis is reinforced by the anatomical alterations observed in both cases at the host-parasite interface, such as hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy, higher vessel density, alterations of vessel grouping and thin cell-walled fibres. P. crassifolium also provoked a severe increase in embolism density on the wood of T. guianensis, along with increases on vessel density and ray size, besides reductions in vessel lumen diameter and fibre cell-wall thickness. These effects could also be related to the high transpiration rates and extremely low water potential presented by parasitic plants, which may increase the host\'s total transpiration, enhancing embolism formation, causing water stress and consequent low turgor in differentiating cambium derivates. In conclusion, each parasitic plant species analyzed established a unique relationship with its host, forming different infestation patterns and differently altering its host xylogenesis
Crivellaro, Alan. "Wood, bark and pith structure in trees and shrubs of Cyprus: anatomical descriptions and ecological interpretation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422435.
Full textLa tesi si occupa di anatomia del legno, della corteccia e del midollo di alberi e arbusti appartenenti alla flora dell'isola di Cipro. Si compone di tre parti: (1) la descrizione anatomica del legno del tronco, e di corteccia e midollo dei rametti, (2) l'interpretazione ecologica dell'anatomia del legno e della corteccia e (3) uno studio focalizzato sul compromesso delle funzioni di conduzione e di sostegno meccanico in liane a piccoli arbusti. Nel corso di 3 campionamenti a Cipro sono stati raccolti campioni per circa 270 specie. Da questi sono stati realizzati 600 preparati anatomici a doppia colorazione (astra blu e safranina). Nuove liste codificate per la descrizione delle caratteristiche anatomiche della corteccia e del midollo sono state sviluppate appositamente per gli scopi di questa ricerca. Le specie descritte rappresentano quasi l’intera flora legnosa dell’isola. Un gran numero di specie sono qui descritte prima dal punto di vista anatomico. Le descrizioni anatomiche sono una base perfetta per anatomisti legno interessati alla struttura in legno di singole specie o allo studio della gamma di modelli anatomici nella regione del Mediterraneo orientale, e anche per archeologi e paleobotanici che hanno la necessità di identificare reperti legnosi, e anche per tecnologi del legno che confrontano le strutture anatomiche con le proprietà fisiche e meccaniche del legno. Le indagini di ecologia del legno hanno rilevato relazioni statisticamente significative tra legno a porosità diffusa e camefite legnose, mentre le porosità semi diffusa e anulare sono legate alle nanofanerofite e alla fanerofite arboree rispettivamente. Le caratteristiche dei raggi sembrano associate al riempimento dello spazio nel legno e le dimensioni dei raggi in sezione trasversale sembrano limitate dai vasi. Infatti i raggi sono più larghi nelle fanerofite arboree che nelle camefite legnose e il numero di raggi per millimetro diminuisce passando da fanerofite arboree, a nanofanerofite fino alle camefite legnose, consentendo così alla forme biologiche con altezza maggiore di avere vasi più grandi. L'assenza di raggi è una caratteristica tipica delle camefite legnose. La composizione dei raggi varia da omogenea nelle camefite legnose a eterogenea in nanofanerofite e fanerofite arboree. Il parenchima assiale è raro o difficilmente osservabile nelle camefite legnose, tipicamente apotracheale nelle nanofanerofite e principalmente paratracheale nelle fanerofite arboree. Le specie endemiche a Cipro sono caratterizzate dall'assenza di parenchima assiale, dall'assenza di raggi o dalla presenza di raggi omogenei e non mostrano alcuna relazione significativa con la presenza di legno di tensione. È stata riscontrata una netta predominanza di specie a porosità diffusa nei siti caldi e secchi, e di specie a porosità anulare in siti umidi e freddi. Legni a porosità diffusa appartengono a specie che vivono in siti rocciosi e sabbiosi, la porosità anulare è associata ad habitat forestali e di macchia mediterranea. Le fibre a parete spessa risultano legate a a siti umidi, fibre a pareti sottili ad habitat forestali e di macchia mediterranea. Un chiaro trend lega proporzionalmente lo spessore delle fibre con la densità del legno. Le caratteristiche anatomiche analizzate per la corteccia descrivono morfologia e distribuzione dei tubi cribrosi, la presenza e la disposizione di tessuti sclerenchimatici, i raggi, il sughero, il felloderma, i cristalli, le strutture di secrezione e la visibilità in luce polarizzata. I tubi cribrosi sono tipicamente disposti in bande tangenziali nelle nanofanerofite, ma non nelle camefite legnose. L'allargamento dei raggi nel felloderma è legato a specie che vegetano in siti midi, non è presente nelle specie endemiche, in quelle tipiche di macchia mediterranea a negli habitat forestali. I cristalli sono associati alle nanofanerofite e alle fanerofite arboree, non alle specie endemiche, di macchia e di ambiente forestale. L'omogeneità del felloderma è stata riscontrata nelle fanerofite lianose, in quelle arboree e alle specie di ambienti umidi. L'associazione di tessuti sclerenchimatici con le forme biologiche suggerisce un ruolo biomeccanico di questo tessuto, soprattutto nei giovani rametti. Il livello di endemico e l'habitat delle specie sono fortemente legati a diverse caratteristiche anatomiche della corteccia offrendo nuove possibilità di studio nel campo dell'ecologia e dell'ecofisiologia. Nella terza parte che costituisce la tesi tutte le 10 specie di fanerofite lianose campionate e la maggior parte delle camefite legnose (25 specie) sono state caratterizzate per quanto riguarda le caratteristiche anatomiche di vasi e fibre che hanno ripercussioni importanti nelle funzioni di conduzione e di sostegno meccanico del legno. In accordo con la loro inferiore necessita di auto-sostegno, le fanerofite lianose hanno una densità basale inferiore rispetto alle camefite legnose. Inoltre, le liane presentano una inferiore proporzione di sezione trasversale destinata a fibre. In accordo con le maggiori necessità conduttive e in relazione alla loro altezza, le liane hanno un diametro e una frequenza dei vasi che le colloca più vicine al funzione "packing limit" rispetto alle camefite legnose.
Eriksson, Daniel. "Wood - an anatomical structure in the tree and an engineering material in industry : prediction of material properties in managed Scots pine stands in the forest /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200873.pdf.
Full textBallesteros, J. A., M. Stoffel, J. M. Bodoque, M. Bollschweiler, O. Hitz, and A. Díez-Herrero. "Changes In Wood Anatomy In Tree Rings Of Pinus Pinaster Ait. Following Wounding By Flash Floods." Tree-Ring Society, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622618.
Full textAngélico, Talita dos Santos. "Anatomia do lenho de caule e raiz de plantas jovens de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) Morong (Fabaceae-mimosoideae) crescendo em diferentes condições edáficas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95084.
Full textBanca: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado
Banca: Gustavo Habermann
Banca: Rivete Silva de Lima
Resumo: Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., pertencente à família Fabaceae-Mimosoideae e conhecido popularmente como tamboril ou timboúva, apresenta crescimento rápido no campo e por esse motivo é utilizado em reflorestamento de áreas degradadas em plantios mistos. Estudo sobre a anatomia do lenho de caules de plantas de E. contortisiliquum, adultas e de mesma idade, revelou que plantas que cresceram sobre Nitossolo Vermelho (NV) apresentaram vasos de maior diâmetro e elementos de vaso mais compridos, fibras com diâmetro maior e paredes mais espessas e pontoações intervasculares com diâmetro maior, quando comparadas com plantas que cresceram em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (LVA). O presente trabalho simula em viveiro o crescimento das plantas desta espécie nas mesmas condições edáficas (NV e LVA), com a hipótese de que plantas produzidas em viveiro apresentem também variação na estrutura anatômica da madeira. Complementarmente, foram analisadas comparativamente as características anatômicas do lenho do caule e da raiz destas plantas que cresceram em condições controladas de viveiro. Para a realização deste estudo, coletou-se cada tipo de solo (NV e LVA) em 20 a 40 cm de profundidade, numa quantidade suficiente para encher vinte vasos de cinco litros cada. Dez vasos com cada um dos diferentes tipos de solos (NV e LVA) foram montados no Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Florestais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. Sementes coletadas em campo foram colocadas para germinar após a quebra de dormência por escarificação mecânica com lixa seca. As plantas cresceram a pleno sol recebendo irrigações diárias e nenhum tipo de adubação. Medições mensais de altura e diâmetro dos caules foram realizadas durante os dois anos em que as plantas permaneceram em viveiro. Após esse período, amostras de caule e raiz foram ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) is known popularly as tamboril or timboúva, has fast growth and that's why it is largely used for reforestation of degraded areas. In a previous study about stem wood anatomy of E. contortisiliquum with mature plants of the same age cultivated at the field, revealed that plants which grew in Alfisol Clay Texture (ACT) soil showed wider and longer vessel elements, wider fibers with thicker walls and larger diameter of intervessel pitting than the plants that grew in Oxisol Medium Texture (OMT) soil. The present study simulates E. contortisiliquum plants growth in nursery in the same edaphic conditions (ACT soil and OMT soil), with the hypothesis that young plants also have variations in their wood structure. Additionally to stem studies, a diagnose of the root wood anatomy was made for comparisons between the different soil type and organs. The two soils were collected around 20-40 cm below the ground level, in enough quantity to fill 20 pot, with five liters each one. Ten pots with each soil (OMT and ACT) were placed at the Nursery of Forest Seedling Production, Natural Research Department - Forest Sciences, FCA, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu - SP. Seeds collected at the field were planted after scarification with dry sandpaper to break dormancy of the seeds. The young plants grew in full light, received daily irrigation and no fertilization. Shoot height and stem diameter were measured monthly during two years at the nursery. After this period, stem samples from the main stem and the main root of ten young plants were collected and the samples were fixed in FAA 70 and stored in alcohol 70% in the Wood Anatomy Laboratory. In this laboratory, histological sections (cross, tangential longitudinal and radial longitudinal) were obtained and permanent histological slides were made. Woody fragments ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Aebischer, Danille P. "Basic density and shrinkage of oak in relation to wood structure and cambial age." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285465.
Full textBastos, Carolina Lopes. "Decifrando raízes e caules de lianas de Sapindaceae: diversidade macroscópica e conexões vasculares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-17072015-084652/.
Full textA number of studies in plant anatomy have explored the cambial variants present in the stems of Sapindaceae lianas, while works based on root analysis are still meagre in the literature. Therefore, the present dissertation aims to fulfil two objectives, distributed as follow. In the first chapter, a macroscopic comparative analysis of stems and roots of 14 lianescent species from five genera of Sapindaceae was carried to check whether the two organs presented the same types of cambial variants and whether the secondary xylem anatomy was similar. In the second chapter, roots of Serjania caracasana are analysed in detail under macro and microscopic perspectives, in order to anatomically explore the secondary xylem and phloem configuration and the cambial variants, in addition to verify whether there are connections between the neoformed peripheral vascular cylinders and the central vascular cylinder. The results, in synthesis, evidence that: I. The main type of cambial variant present in the stem is absent in the roots; II. The secondary xylem and phloem of the roots are macro and microscopically similar to those of the stem; III. Xylem furrowed by phloem wedges and neoformations of peripheral vascular cylinders was encountered in roots and stems in mature stages of development; IV. Vascular connections between the neoformed vascular cylinders and the central vascular cylinder appear in many parts of the roots of Serjania caracasana.
Rosenthal, Michael, Ernst Bäucker, and Claus-Thomas Bues. "Holzaufbau und Tränkbarkeit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70605.
Full textSousa, Vicelina Milena Piteira Rebelo Barnabé. "Variabilidade anatómica e da densidade da madeira de Quercus faginea em diferentes idades e condições ambientais." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6969.
Full textThe importance and valorization of the species that occur naturally in Portugal motivated the present study to evaluate the properties, variability and the technological potential of the wood of Quercus faginea Lam., commonly referred as Portuguese or Lusitanian oak. Growth rings, heartwood development, anatomical characteristics of wood and bark and wood density were studied at different ages and sites. The wood showed growth ring porosity, high fibre and rays proportion and high wood density. The heartwood proportion was relatively high and increased from the base to the top following the trunk profile. Sapwood thickness was approximately constant. The fibre and multiseriate rays showed an increasing tendency towards the bark as well as the mean earlywood vessels area. The ring width and wood density decreased from pith to bark. The variation sources included age, trees and environmental conditions. Site was responsible for the main variations followed by tree and cambial age. The correlations between the studied variables showed that growth and wood quality might be estimated namely with ring width. The wood characterization and relative stem homogeneity allow exploitation of this species and reinforce its role in forest diversity.
Woxblom, Lotta. "Warp of sawn timber of Norway spruce in relation to end-user requirements : quality, sawing pattern and economic aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5860-9.pdf.
Full textProthero, John. "Ring Width and Ring Diameter as Functions of Ring Number in Suppressed Maples and Oaks." Tree-Ring Society, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262379.
Full textSonsin-Oliveira, Julia [UNESP]. "Anatomia da madeira de espécies de Cerrado sensu lato do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100927.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O cerrado é o considerado a savana mais rica em biodiversidade do mundo, possui uma flora estimada em 7000 espécies, sendo 44% endêmicas, além de ser um dos 25 “hotspots” globais. Devido a grande importância desse bioma, esse trabalho apresenta as características anatômicas macro e microscópicas de 97 espécies arbóreas e arbustivas que ocorrem no cerrado sensu lato (s.l.), procurando identificar padrões estruturais comuns na madeira, e peculiares às espécies que ocorrem nas diferentes fitofisionomias, cerrado sensu stricto (s.s.), cerradão e zona ripária. Adicionalmente, foi caracterizada a morfologia externa da casca dessas espécies. As características anatômicas macroscópicas da madeira aliadas as da morfologia externa da casca que facilitaram a separação das espécies em uma mesma família, principalmente espécies que pertencem ao mesmo gênero foram: arranjo de vasos, padrão de parênquima axial, largura de raios (TR), estratificação de raios, presença de exsudatos e a cor interna da casca. Para as espécies de cerrado s.l. foram observadas características que podem contribuir tanto para segurança quanto para eficiência na condução hídrica, como: alta ocorrência de vasos múltiplos e frequência de vasos por mm², pontoações intervasculares alternas pequenas, pontoações guarnecidas; placas de perfuração simples. O índice de vulnerabilidade foi de 1,6 e de mesomorfia 600. Apesar da maioria das características anatômicas das espécies do cerrado s.l. se enquadram nas tendências ecológicas para espécies que ocorrem em terras baixas dos trópicos, as espécies que ocorrem nas diferentes fitofisionomias possuem características anatômicas que mostram estratégias particulares para sobrevivência das mesmas. Quando comparando as fitofisionomias, de uma maneira geral, os espécimes da zona ripária apresentaram vasos de maior diâmetro...
The cerrado is considered the richest savanna in biodiversity in the world, its flora has about 7000 species, being 44% endemic, besides being one of the 25 global hotspots. Due to the great importance of this biome, this paper shows macro and microscopic wood anatomical features of 97 arboreal and shrubby species which occur in cerrado sensu lato, aiming to verify the common structural patterns in the wood, and peculiars to the species that occur in three different physiognomies, cerrado sensu stricto (s.s.), cerradão and riparian zone. Additionally, the external bark morphology of these species was characterized. Macroscopic wood features allied to bark surface features which facilitate separation of species within a family and, mostly species from the same genus were: vessel arrangement, axial parenchyma pattern, ray width (TR), storied rays, presence of exudates and bark internal colour. For cerrado s.l. species we observed anatomic features that may contribute to both safety in water flow and efficiency, such as: high incidence of multiple vessels and high vessel frequency per mm², small intervessel pits alternate, vestured pits, simple perforation plates. The vulnerability and mesomorphy index were 1.6 and 600, respectively. Despite of the majority of cerrado s.l. species anatomical features were framed in the ecological trends for species which occur in tropical lowlands, the specimens which occur in the different physiognomies have anatomical features that show particular strategies for survival in each physiognomy. When comparing the physiognomies, in a general way, riparian zone specimens have larger vessels, low frequency per mm² and larger intervessel pits diameter, what indicates better efficiency in conduction, while cerrado s.s. specimens were the opposite and showed low vulnerability and mesomorphy index, demonstrating greater safety under conditions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Telewski, Frank W. "Determining the Germination Date of Woody Plants: A Proposed Method for Locating the Root/Shoot Interface." Tree-Ring Society, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262369.
Full textOliveira, Julia Sonsin [UNESP]. "Variações estruturais do lenho de espécies de cerrado do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95082.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Informações sobre características anatômicas do xilema secundário de espécies de cerrado são escassas, porém de grande importância, uma vez que o cerrado é influenciado por fatores ambientais diversos e as espécies que aí se encontram apresentam características morfológicas externas e internas peculiares. Estes estudos permitem compreender a influência dos fatores ambientais nas características estruturais do lenho. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar os padrões e as variações estruturais do lenho, bem como determinar possíveis características de valor taxonômico e ecológico de 48 espécies arbustivas e arbóreas, incluídas em 27 famílias, ocorrentes em área de cerrado localizada no município de Pratânia, região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil (23º 02’ 55,5” S e 48º 31’ 26,1” W). Foram amostrados três espécimes para cada espécie e de cada espécime foi coletado o ramo mais desenvolvido da copa. Destes ramos foram retirados discos que tiveram sua porção basal polida para as análises macroscópicas qualitativas e para as análises microscópicas quali e quantitativas das características anatômicas do lenho. Verificou-se, destas análises, a presença de células perfuradas de raio (CPR) em sete espécies e, desta forma, decidiu-se por coletar também as raízes destas espécies para averiguar a presença das CPR no lenho destas. As raízes foram coletadas a uma profundidade de aproximadamente 30 cm. Nas amostras das raízes foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas das CPR. No lenho dos ramos caulinares das espécies foram caracterizados os marcadores de crescimento, bem como foi descrita a estrutura das camadas de crescimento. Os seguintes padrões foram observados: camadas de crescimento bem definidas (61% das espécies), mal definidas (33%), e ausentes (6%); porosidade difusa (94%), anel semi-poroso...
Information about the secondary xylem anatomy of cerrado species are scarce, but of great importance, since cerrado is influenced by the environmental factors its species show peculiars external and internal morphologic characteristics. These studies allow a better comprehension of the environmental factors influence on the structural characteristics of the wood. These studies aims to verify patterns and the structural variations of the secondary xylem, and also to determine the characteristics of ecological and taxonomic value of 48 shrubby and arboreal species, from 27 families of the Pratânia’s cerrado region, located in the west central part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (23º 02’ 55, 5” S e 48º 31’ 26,1” W). In these studies we obtained three specimens from each species. From each specimen we collected the most developed branches of the treetops. From the collected branches, samples were taken and its basal portion polished for the qualitative macroscopic analysis and also for the qualitative and quantitative microscopic analysis of the secondary xylem characteristics. From these analyses, we verified the presence of perforated ray cells (PRC) in seven species and also we decided to collect roots to verify the presence of PRC’s in the secondary xylem of these species. The roots were collected to a depth of 30 cm, and on the samples qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the PRC. On the secondary xylem of branches we characterized the growth ring markers and described the structure of the growth layer. The following patterns were observed: growth rings well defined (61%), poorly defined (33%), absent (6%); diffuse-porous (94%) and semi-ring-porous (6%); without vessel arrangement (84%), in radial pattern (10%) and in tangential bands (6%); solitary and multiple vessels (94%) and exclusively solitary (6%); simple perforation plate (90%) ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Shepard, Robert Michal. "Tree Rings In Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.): An Exploratory Study of Wood Anatomy, Crossdating, Climate-Growth Relationships, Life History, and Above-Ground Biomass." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605122.
Full textRosenthal, Michael, and Ernst Bäucker. "Zur Anatomie des Holzes der Rot-Buche." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-125451.
Full textFreire, Guilherme de Queiroz. "Madeiras fósseis holocênicas de Ribeirão da Mata: anatomia ecológica, relações florísticas e interpretação paleoambiental da região arqueológica de Lagoa Santa, MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-14122011-083056/.
Full textThis thesis is designed to integrate the shaft Nº. 5 (Paleoclimates and paleoenvironments in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene at Lagoa Santa region) of the third version of the Project Origins and Microevolution of man in América: an approach paleoanthropological (FAPESP proc. 04/01321-6), where the main issue addressed is the existence of a large period (8000-2000 years BP) of drastic reduction of burials and archaeological sites in Lagoa Santa, MG. For that period, palynological research in central and southeastern Brazil, althoug in reasonable numbers, have contradictory paleoenvironmental interpretations. Well characterized in the Northern Hemisphere, around 6000 yeras BP, the climatic event known as Climatic Optimum, predominantly warmer and wetter, was established due to greater solar insolation, favoring the expansion of humid vegetation cover various parts of the globe and is supported by several authors for many places in Brazil. Moreover, although there is no doubt that the sea level was above the current along the Brazilian coast, there is consensus that climate change was milder and seemingly more complex. In the same way, other studies suggest drought events in the approximate period 6000 to 4500 years B.P. In this context, to verify if the climatic differences likely ocurred during the middle Holocene is confirmed by the study of fóssil Wood from the region and supports the hypothesis that the reduction of burials in the region reflects a human migration causes climate, we used two different approaches in a anatomical study of fóssil Wood dated to the middle and late Holocene: 1.) a floristic approach, made through the taxonomic identification of fóssil specimens and comparison with current local florist, and 2.) through na approach of ecological Wood anatomy of Myroxylon peruiferum L.f., which correlation between climate and anatomical characteristics were used to predict the past climate of the region based on the same anatomical characteristics in fossils samples. For the first approach, were also carried out a floristica-woody survey of APA-Lagoa Santa Karst and phytosociological studies in different Forest types in the region, which provided additional information for paleoenvironmental interpretations. As a result, floristic and phytosociological studies, besides showing great importance for the interpretation of fóssil assemblages, revealed and expressives richness of species. The identification of fóssil assemblages from middle and late Holocene showed high similarity between both, suggesting the absence of enough climate change lo alter the flora in the region. Still, these fóssil assemblages are strongly related with the mosaico of vegetation in the region, pointin to the maintenance of vegetation since the middle Holocene. Furthermore, the ecological-anatomy approach revealed a greater climatic seasonality during the middle Holocene. Although these two approaches seem conflicting, these results are interpreted as complementary, and show a markedly more seasonal period in middle Holocene, but insufficient to provide floristic changes in the vegetation mosaic that existed nowadays and characterizes the region. These results therefore do not support the hypothesis of intense changes in climate, flora and even in the presence of vegetation that existed there since 5000 years BP.
Belini, Ugo Leandro. "Caracterização e alterações na estrutura anatômica da madeira do Eucalyptus grandis em três condições de desfibramento e efeito nas propriedades tecnológicas de painéis MDF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-05062007-133218/.
Full textCurrently is evidenced a great demand of growth in eucalypts MDF panels production in relation with pinus, commonly used in the industry. The present study had the objective to characterize the morphologic components of Eucalyptus grandis wood chips in natura submitted in three different refining conditions (time, pressure and energy), named intermediate, smaller and biggest intensity of refining (A, B and C, respectively). The technological characteristics of MDF panels from three refining conditions were analyzed according standard NBR 15316. During this development were collected for three refining conditions, in all the productive chain of the MDF panels: wood chips, wooden dissociated material and panels MDF in industrial and laboratorial scale. The wood chips structure were microscopically characterized; the dissociated wood cells suspended in water of 3 refining conditions were evaluated through its separation in sieves and each fraction of woody material was morphologically classified and microscopically described. The results showed that the wood chips collected in industry storage compartment were homogeneous in the 3 refining preconditions and not influenced the MDF panel's treatments. The softness refining condition induced the shives formation and maintenance of vessels, parenchyma and the longest fibers. The more drastic refining condition induced the fiber cell walls broking, with wood pulp presenting shortest fibers and lower vessels and parenchyma frequency. The coloration characteristics were observed, and the fiber pulp was darker as result of the high pressure, greater time and more refinement energy applied. The MDF panels elaborated by softness refining condition presented greater resistance to screw pull in contrast of panels confectioned with hardness refining condition showing lesser mechanical properties of perpendicular and superficial tensile strength and bigger values of swelling and absorption. The results showed the importance of the variable related production with the wood and pulp wood treatments in technological properties of eucalypts MDF panels.
Tulyananda, Tatpong. "Vegetative Anatomy of Rhododendron with a Focus on a Comparison between Temperate and Tropical Species." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82508.
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Martin-Benito, Dario, Kevin Anchukaitis, Michael Evans, Río Miren del, Hans Beeckman, and Isabel Cañellas. "Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species." MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625999.
Full textDeRose, R. Justin, and Richard S. Gardner. "Technique To Improve Visualization Of Elusive Tree-Ring Boundaries In Aspen (Populus tremuloides)." Tree-Ring Society, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622613.
Full textTupper, Clare. "The functional anatomy of the gut and feeding related studies of the marine wood boring isopod Limnoria sp. (Limnoriidae: Isopoda)." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571616.
Full textRosenthal, Michael, and Ernst Bäucker. "Zur Anatomie des Holzes der Weiß-Eichen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110244.
Full textOliveira, Julia Sonsin. "Variações estruturais do lenho de espécies de cerrado do estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95082.
Full textAbstract: Information about the secondary xylem anatomy of cerrado species are scarce, but of great importance, since cerrado is influenced by the environmental factors its species show peculiars external and internal morphologic characteristics. These studies allow a better comprehension of the environmental factors influence on the structural characteristics of the wood. These studies aims to verify patterns and the structural variations of the secondary xylem, and also to determine the characteristics of ecological and taxonomic value of 48 shrubby and arboreal species, from 27 families of the Pratânia's cerrado region, located in the west central part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (23º 02' 55, 5" S e 48º 31' 26,1" W). In these studies we obtained three specimens from each species. From each specimen we collected the most developed branches of the treetops. From the collected branches, samples were taken and its basal portion polished for the qualitative macroscopic analysis and also for the qualitative and quantitative microscopic analysis of the secondary xylem characteristics. From these analyses, we verified the presence of perforated ray cells (PRC) in seven species and also we decided to collect roots to verify the presence of PRC's in the secondary xylem of these species. The roots were collected to a depth of 30 cm, and on the samples qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the PRC. On the secondary xylem of branches we characterized the growth ring markers and described the structure of the growth layer. The following patterns were observed: growth rings well defined (61%), poorly defined (33%), absent (6%); diffuse-porous (94%) and semi-ring-porous (6%); without vessel arrangement (84%), in radial pattern (10%) and in tangential bands (6%); solitary and multiple vessels (94%) and exclusively solitary (6%); simple perforation plate (90%) ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Carmen Regina Marcati
Coorientador: Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Banca: Agnes Elisete Luchi
Banca: Edenise Segata Alves
Banca: Marina Aparecida de Moraes Dalaqua
Banca: Patrícia Soffiatti
Mestre
Cury, Graziela. "Descrição da estrutura anatômica do lenho e sua aplicação na identificação de espécies arbóreas do cerrado e da Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-23102002-145402/.
Full textThe bio diversity of Brazil is a subject that is being argued more frequently in the direction of its preservation, conservation and sustainable use. The anatomy of the wood, important branch of Dendrology, is an essential tool for the determination of the floristic composition, since the taxonomic identification is restricted and limited for the difficulties of finding reproductive material or flowers in the arboreal species, besides the lack of information on the true identity of young trees and the difficult access in field. For the displayed one, this design of research has as objective to relate the more important forest species of the Cerrado (open pasture) and the Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest) of the State of São Paulo, to collect samples of log for the anatomical macro and microscopic characterization, to develop a key of identification of these species and to provide one better knowledge of the forest ecosystems that occur in the State of São Paulo. In the Ecological Station of Ibicatu, in the State Hold of Port Blacksmith, in the Experimental Arboretum of Duratex, in the Experimental Station of Tupi, in the Experimental Station of Santa Rita of Passa Quatro, in the Forest Hold of Santa Genebra and in the area of the Sao Luiz small farm in the city of Jundiaí. Wooden samples and botanical material had been collected by non destructive method and, to carry out macro and microscopic anatomical descriptions of the log of the arboreal species of these forest ecosystems.
Dymond, Jo. "The functional anatomy of the digestive system of the marine wood-boring isopod Limnoria quadripunctata, with evidence of endogenous cellulase production." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536550.
Full textJunior, Luiz Santini. "Descrição macroscópica e microscópica da madeira aplicada na identificação das principais espécies comercializadas no estado de São Paulo - Programas \"São Paulo Amigo da Amazônia\" e \"Cadmadeira\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-11092013-151731/.
Full textThe exploitation of the wood, especially in the Amazon region, has increased in the last decades. It is estimated that 24 million m³ of wood in trunk forms are being extracted from the Amazon forest, where approximately 15% are bought by the Paulista\'s market (the consumers from Sao Paulo). This fact makes Sao Paulo the biggest native wood consumer in the world, with a total of 3.6 million m³ distributed in the region, and bought by its diverse economic sectors. The necessity of supervise, check and control this market pushed the Sao Paulo\'s government to create, in 2007, the Project entitled \'Sao Paulo Friends of the Amazon\' (in Portuguese \'Sao Paulo amigo da Amazonia\', SPPA), and the statute 53.047 from 2nd of June 2008 supported this Project. From that, a record of wood sellers in Sao Paulo is created, including records of the products and sub products made from native wood originated from the Brazilian flora (called CADMADEIRA). The supervision performed under this statute consists in checking the wood brought into the Sao Paulo state against their documentation of origin, and the identification of the wood in the buyers\' delivery point. With that in mind, this study was performed between November 2008 and July 2011, where 68 wood buyers\' company were visited, around 37 different regions in the Sao Paulo state. 90 main species of wood were identified, and a sample was collected from each wood for further macro and microscopic analysis. A descriptive file was created for each species, containing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and details about the main usage of the wood. After that, a recognition chain was created to easily identify the species already catalogued. Using the method developed in this study, it was possible to identify the 8 main species that were being wrongly grouped and being sold under the same name, being: abiú (Chrysophyllum sp; Micropholis sp. e Pouteria sp.), amescla (Protium sp. E Trattinnickia sp.), bacuri (Moronobea pulchra e Platonia insignis), caixeta amarela (Parkia sp. e Simarouba amara), cambará (Qualea sp. e Vochysia sp.), louro pardo (Cordia trichotoma e Nectandra sp.), sucupira (Bowdichia virgilioides e Diplotropis sp.), tauari (Cariniana micrantha e Couratari guianensis). The correct identification of the wood has been shown very important to help the supervision and regulation of the legal commercialization of forest products in the Sao Paulo estate.
Santos, Sidinei Rodrigues dos. "Contribuição ao estudo anatômico das Myrtaceae nativas no Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3745.
Full textMyrtaceae is one of the most important botanical families, either in diversity and species abundance, in different forest types on Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Very complex from the taxonomic point of view, this family has experienced important modifications in their internal arrangement. Recent phylogenetic studies gave an important step toward clarifying the true relationship between different taxa, but some questions still remain. In the present work was studied the wood anatomy of 26 species, related to 13 distinct genera of Myrtaceae from Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), as an alternative to solving internal taxonomic problems in the family. The wood samples were gained in the Forest Sciences Department wood collection, of the Federal University of Santa Maria, and by field collections specially realized to the present investigation. The wood descriptions followed the recommendations of the IAWA Committee (1989). A great structural homogeneity was observed in the studied material, reflecting the high number of shared anatomical features (diffuse porosity; solitary pores; simple perforation plates; appendices (tails); alternate intervessel pits; vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits; apotracheal diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, always seriated; heterogeneous rays; fibres with bordered pits; and disjunctive ray-cells). Due to lack of particular anatomical features, none genera could be identified based on wood anatomy, with the only exception of Myceugenia; the species, however, can be separated, but not always. Infratribe taxonomic categories can t also be identified due to the absence of particular anatomical features. The lack of specific anatomical features to genera and higher taxonomic groups limits the use of wood anatomy in Myrteae taxonomic studies.
A família Myrtaceae é uma das mais importantes, tanto em diversidade quanto em abundância de espécies, nas distintas formações vegetacionais do Rio Grande do Sul. Muito complexa do ponto de vista taxonômico, esta família tem passado por importantes modificações em sua classificação interna. Estudos filogenéticos recentes deram um passo importante para o esclarecimento da verdadeira relação entre os diferentes taxa, mas algumas questões ainda permanecem sem definição. No presente estudo foi investigada a anatomia da madeira de 26 Mirtáceas, pertencentes a 13 gêneros de ocorrência natural no Rio Grande do Sul, com vistas a contribuir ao esclarecimento de questões taxonômicas da família. O material analisado é proveniente da Xiloteca do Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e de coletas próprias. As descrições anatômicas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira da mesma instituição, e conforme as recomendações do IAWA Committee (1989). Foi observada uma grande homogeneidade estrutural entre as espécies investigadas, reflexo do elevado número de caracteres anatômicos compartilhados (porosidade difusa; poros solitários; placas de perfuração simples; apêndices; pontoações intervasculares alternas; pontoações raio-vasculares semelhantes às intervasculares; parênquima apotraqueal difuso e difuso-em-agregados, seriado; raios heterogêneos; fibras com pontoações areoladas; e células radiais com paredes disjuntas). Devido à falta de caracteres anatômicos exclusivos, nenhum gênero pôde ser identificado com base na anatomia da madeira, com exceção de Myceugenia; as distintas espécies, todavia, puderam ser separadas, embora nem sempre. Também não foi possível reconhecer categorias taxonômicas inferiores à tribo, em Myrteae. A falta de caracteres anatômicos exclusivos para os gêneros e grupos taxonômicos superiores, torna limitada a atuação da anatomia da madeira na discussão taxonômica em Myrteae.
Pagotto, Mariana Alves. "A vegetação lenhosa da caatinga em assentamento do Estado de Sergipe : aspectos fitossociológicos, anatômicos e dendrocronológicos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4061.
Full textNa Caatinga do Estado de Sergipe, onde predominam os assentamentos de reforma agrária, os principais produtos da exploração madeireira são a lenha, o carvão vegetal e as estacas. Com o propósito de gerar conhecimentos para subsidiar programas de manejo florestal sustentável em assentamentos do semiárido de Sergipe, este trabalho analisou o potencial da vegetação lenhosa da Caatinga para o extrativismo madeireiro. Neste contexto, identificou-se as carcateristicas socioeconômicas e ambientais de um assentamento rural localizado na Caatinga; os aspectos estruturais e ecológicos da vegetação lenhosa que o compõem; e as particularidades anatômicas do lenho de Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz (catingueira) e Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. (pereiro), gerando informações relativas à qualidade da madeira, ao incremento médio anual e os fatores ambientais que condicionam a vida dessas árvores. Foram realizadas 22 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os agricultores do assentamento para a análise socioambiental. No estudo da flora, foram utilizados os métodos wandering-quarter e as fotografias hemisféricas para o conhecimento da estrutura da vegetação e da dinâmica do dossel, respectivamente. Por meio dos métodos clássicos da anatomia da madeira, da ciência da dendrocronologia e da densitometria de raios X foi possível caracterizar o lenho das árvores e sua resposta às variáveis ambientais. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da boa infraestrutura do assentamento, os assentados enfrentam limitações quanto à escolaridade, à produtividade e a diversificação de atividades econômicas. As práticas da agricultura de sequeiro e da pecuária leiteira não têm sustentabilidade ecológica e as consequências socioeconômicas são notadas na oscilação da produtividade, migração dos assentados e degradação da Caatinga. A vegetação arbórea do assentamento apresentou diversas espécies de caráter pioneiro, demonstrando que as matas vêm sendo exploradas pela comunidade. A Poincianella pyramidalis foi a espécie mais abundante seguida de Aspidosperma pyrifolium. Ambas apresentaram o lenho com adaptações anatômicas características de vegetação de ambiente xérico e o crescimento secundário foi influenciado pela precipitação local e pela temperatura da superfície do oceano Atlântico. P. pyramidalis apresentou fibras mais espessas e maior quantidade de celulose, expressas na elevada densidade aparente da madeira (1,10 ± 0,13 g/cm3), refletindo o potencial para a geração de energia. As informações oriundas deste estudo apontam que a P. pyramidalis é uma espécie muito abundante no local e pode contribuir para a inserção do manejo florestal sustentável em áreas de assentamento, proporcionando tanto uma atividade econômica complementar na renda dos assentados, quanto no uso mais sustentável deste recurso.
Melfi, Adriana Donizetti Carvalho Costa. "Anatomia da madeira em Sapotaceae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-01112007-175854/.
Full textThis work presents the anatomical hoist of the wood of 107 species distributed in 11 belonging kinds to the family Sapotaceae (order Ericales), of the American continent, among the which Manilkara Adanson, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Micropholis (Grisebach) Pierre, Chromolucuma Ducke, Sarcaulus Radkolfer, Elaeoluma Baillon, Pouteria Aublet, Chrysophyllum Linnaeus, Ecclinusa Martius, Pradosia Liais and Diploon Cronquist. In the most recent attempt of classification, Pennington (1990, 1991) recognized five tribes with base, mainly, in characteristics of the flower and of the seed. According to the own researcher, four of the tribes would represent natural groups, probably monofiléticos. However Swenson & Anderberg (2005), utilizing the molecular analysis combined with characteristics morfológicas, concluded that the two biggest kinds of the family, Chrysophyllum and Pouteria are polifiléticos. Of that way, the family Sapotaceae needs a revision and endless number authors (Record, 1939; Kukachka, 1978a) mentioned the need of more anatomical information of the xilema for complementary and extend the studies taxonômicos and filogenéticos. Therefore, this work has like objective verify itself the anatomy of the wood corroborates the classification proposal by Pennington in 1990 and the obtaining of information that are going to indicate worthy anatomical characteristics diagnosis and statistical, seeking contribute with future studies in the group of the Brazilian species associated with the Africans and Asians of the family. The description of the anatomy of the wood follows the terminology adopted by the committee of the International Association of the Anatomists of Madeira (IAWA Committee 1989). The result obtained by the statistical one indicates the formation of eight groups that present similarities as regards the kind of parênquima axial, diameter of the glasses, diameter of the pontoações intervasculares, kind and location of the pontoações ray-vascular and of the mineral enclosures as, crystals prismáticos, estiloidais and areniformes, as well as of the bodies silicosos. Such characteristics group kinds and related species with significância statistical. I concluded that the anatomy of the wood presents value of diagnose for the different kinds, and that, in many cases, does not corroborate the classification proposal by Pennington (1990, 1991) in the last revision taxonomica of the family.
Junior, Luiz Santini. "Estudo dendrológico e anatômico do lenho das árvores do Parque da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", Universidade de São Paulo: subsídios para a sua conservação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-03102018-182216/.
Full textThe term \"green area\" is understood as urban spaces that have in common the accessibility, the relationship of health, recreation and that provide interaction of human activities with the environment, acting on climate balance and quality of life in cities as filter or natural wind barrier, sound and particulates of the air, improving the quality of climate, soil, water, fauna and flora, etc. In this context stands the Philippe Westin Cabral de Vasconcelos Park, known as the ESALQ\'s Park, located on the University of São Paulo, Campus Piracicaba/SP. With approximately 15 ha, it is the second largest park in extension and the most frequented of the five existing parks in the municipality, inaugurated in 1907 and started to represent a patrimony worthy of preservation, by the historical aspect and by the scientific, didactic, ecological and cultural value, being in 2006. Its history is marked by a dynamic of reforms and interventions to improve and modernize the area, as well as inadequate management that are compromising the maintenance of the original landscape project. Thus, in order to subsidize a Sustainable Management Plan for the ESALQ\'s Park, the present study was divided into three chapters: the first one makes a floristic survey of the 100 main tree species that compose the ESALQ\'s Park, for the elaboration of the \"Illustrated Guide of the ESALQ\'s Trees \", with the dendrological and anatomical characterization of the wood of the species. It was identified predominance of the family Leguminosae, followed by the families Malvaceae and Bignoniaceae. Regarding importance, the most abundant were quality wood species (46%), followed by those of landscape and ornamental importance (28%), fruit production and medicinal application (12-14%) and 10 species that are under some degree of threat. In chapter 2, we identified some of the main problems that compromise the conservation of the ESALQ\'s Park, through five case studies. The results point to successive practices of irregular pruning in the branches of the trees that are leading the species to senescence, by the exposure of the woody tissue and the consequent establishment of xylophagous organisms. The occurrence of exotic invasive plant species infesting several areas of the park and competing for resources with the local trees was another serious problem identified. There were also the presence of wandering domestic animals (cats and dogs) that are related to the predation of some native species of the place (birds and mammals), as well as fallen trees and stumps remaining of old suppressions that represent way of access and establishment of fungi and termites that can infect healthy trees. The opening of ditches for maintenance and replacement of pipelines led to the destruction of parts of some Brazil wood roots (Paubrasilia echinata) and Mirindiba rosa (Lafoensia glyptocarpa), affecting the natural development of the trees. All the factors pointed out pose a risk to the conservation of the park and must be based on the discussions to create the Sustainable Management Plan of the ESALQ\'s Park. Finally, Chapter 3 deals with the potential use of three nondestructive methods to analyze the biodeterioration of the wood caused by fungi in five tree species of the ESALQ\'s Park. The preparation of histological slides allowed to analyze the extent of the injuries caused in the wood, with different levels of destruction of the anatomical structure of the wood. On the other hand, the application of x-ray microdensitometry and X-ray fluorescence, for the elaboration of physical and chemical profiles, revealed significant alterations in the samples between the healthy and affected regions of the wood. From the physical point of view, these alterations are related to the loss of density in the regions of diseased wood and increase in the regions of compartmentalization (physical-chemical isolation). In turn, the chemical profile points to the occurrence of some main elements that may be related to the physiological response of the plant to the attack of pathogens. In this way, the present study allowed to identify the main tree species of the ESALQ\'s Park, as well as the main problems that compromise its conservation, which can serve as a document to support the elaboration of a sustainable management plan that contributes to the conservation of this historic area of the state of São Paulo.
Pacheco, Solana Arturo. "Dendroanatomy: a new approach to sharpen the focus on the climatic drivers of tree growth in the Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422681.
Full textIl cambiamento climatico è la più grande sfida dei nostri tempi ed i suoi effetti sono già tangibili in varie aree come ad esempio il bacino del Mediterraneo. La maggior parte dei modelli climatici prevedono in questa regione un contemporaneo innalzamento delle temperature e diminuzione delle precipitazioni con conseguente aumento di durata e frequenza degli eventi siccitosi. Questi eventi rappresentano la principale minaccia per le specie arboree, possono infatti influenzare la crescita, la mortalità e modificare la composizione delle future foreste. Grazie all’utilizzo di tecniche all’avanguardia nella preparazione dei campioni ed analisi microscopica delle immagini, questa tesi ha individuato le risposte anatomiche all’accrescimento in condizioni climatiche limitanti. Questo approccio dendroanatomico consente l'analisi retrospettiva a lungo termine delle informazioni di accrescimento intra-annuale, permanentemente impresse e cronologicamente archiviate nel legno. I risultati dell’analisi anatomica sono stati comparati e complementati dall'utilizzo di molte altre metodologie come: xilogenesi, dendrometri e analisi dei carboidrati non strutturali. Il pino d'Aleppo (Pinus halepensis) è la principale specie considerata in questo studio. Inizialmente, il suo modello di crescita è stato paragonato a quello di un’ altra conifera coesistente (Juniperus thurifera) e sono state valutate le correlazioni con le variabili climatiche. Successivamente, il modello di crescita bimodale mostrato da questa specie è stato analizzato in due distinte zone climatiche (continentale o oceanica). Infine, sono stati confrontati tre gruppi di pini d’Aleppo sottoposti a diversi trattamenti di irrigazione. In tutte e tre le fasi precedenti, l’analisi dendroanatomica ha sempre considerato un intervallo di tempo di circa 40 anni, mentre le metodologie complementari sono variate in base alle diverse impostazioni sperimentali. Applicando questo approccio dendroanatomico è stato possibile collegare la xilogenesi con l'anatomia del legno su una scala decennale ed a lungo termine e spiegare le correlazioni climatiche che guidano i modelli bimodali di crescita che vengono comunemente riportati per le specie mediterranee. Inoltre, è stato possibile individuare i fattori climatici che influenzano la plasticità xilematica e di conseguenza l’accrescimento dei pini d'Aleppo in diverse condizioni climatiche: dove il clima è mite la bimodalità nella crescita è più forte. Infine, lo studio di irrigazione ha evidenziato che la crescita e l'anatomia xilematica possono essere influenzate in modo significativo dalla disponibilità idrica e che le piante arboree tendono a mantenere un buon coordinamento tra domanda ed offerta di carbonio anche durante periodi di siccità prolungata. Questa tesi migliora la comprensione generale di come l’innalzamento delle temperature e l’aumento degli eventi siccitosi impatteranno e influenzeranno la crescita e la distribuzione del pino Aleppo. Essendo il pino d’Aleppo una delle specie arboree più comuni nella regione mediterranea, i risultati di questa tesi possono contribuire a comprendere e prevedere le future dinamiche forestali in un futuro climatico incerto.
Österås, Ann Helén. "Interactions between calcium and heavy metals in Norway spruce : accumulation and binding of metals in wood and bark /." Stockholm : Botaniska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81.
Full textElzami, Elham [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Bräuning, and Achim [Gutachter] Bräuning. "Ecological Interpretation of variations of wood density and wood anatomy of Fagus orientalis Lipsky and Fagus sylvatica L. in relation to climatic parameters and environmental gradients / Elham Elzami ; Gutachter: Achim Bräuning ; Betreuer: Achim Bräuning." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163455849/34.
Full textRoignant, Jeanne. "Biologie de développement du bois en réponse à des sollicitations mécaniques environnementales." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC032/document.
Full textTrees have the ability to perceive daily mechanical stresses related to wind and to acclimate their growth and development accordingly. Wind essentially results in organs bending, in particular in branches and stem. Previous studies have shown that growth diameter of poplar stem increased in response to bending; mimicking wind mechanical effect. This growth increment goes along with a change in the structure of the wood formed under bending stimulation. This type of reaction wood has been described for some conifers and angiosperms species, and was called "flexure wood". Until now, its anatomical characteristics have been poorly described, and the molecular actors of its formation have never been investigated. In addition, in most of these previous studies the mechanical stresses applied to the stem were bidirectional bendings with an uncontrolled intensity. Because mechanical strains constitute the physical variable perceived by the plant, it appeared necessary to carefully control the bending amplitude applied to the stem. Thanks to an original experimental setup, we applied unidirectional bendings on young poplar stems, while controlling its intensity. This study showed that the strains are perceived at a local scale and that the secondary growth response was also local, leading to stem ovalization. We also distinguished the wood formed under tension we named “Tensile Flexure Wood” from the wood formed under compression we named “Compressive Flexure Wood”. The anatomical and molecular analyzes show that the strain intensity in absolute value is not enough to explain all the answers and that the sign (tension or compression) of these strains also plays a role. In trees stimulated by more frequent unidirectional bendings, growth and cell differentiation are modulated even differently, especially in the area under compression, bringing to the stem an adaptive benefit to the following solicitations. The CLE12.2 gene, which belongs to the CLAVATA gene family involved in meristematic regulation, has been shown to be mechanosensitive. Functional analysis of the CLE12.2 gene in transgenic plants with under- or overexpression of the gene allowed us to hypothesize that the CLE12.2 peptide is involved in the regulation of the cell-wall biosynthesis pathways. This work highlighted the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in wood formation and brings new knowledge for further studies on trees acclimation to wind