Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wood and Water Rage

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Wood and Water Rage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

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Souček, J. "Moulds occurrence in woodchips." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 4 (November 27, 2014): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2013-rae.

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The research, whose results are presented, is aimed at determination of development of moulds number in wood chips under different storage temperatures. The experiments were carried out with the moisture of samples 65%, 22% and 1%. During the long-term storage the effect of water content in material on development of moulds can be recorded. The risks linked to mould occurrence can be considerably eliminated by reduction of water content.  
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Fadele, Oluwaseyi, Temiloluwa Amusan, Ademola Afolabi, and Clement Ogunlade. "Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approach." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 3 (September 27, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2021-rae.

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Waste from a forest environment constitutes an enormous quantity of renewable energy resources. In this study undesirable forest materials, such as jatropha seed shells (JSSs) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood shavings (EcWSs) were used in the production of briquettes with Acacia senegal as the binder using mixing proportions of 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 while the binder was varied from 50, 60, 70, 80 to 90 g. Some physical properties, such as the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, were optimised using the response surface methodology at these mixing proportions. The outcome of the production showed the briquettes to have mean values of 0.66 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 11.51, 91.12 and 99.7 % for the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. The optimum mixing ratio and binder quantity of 75 : 25 and 60 g, respectively, would result in a briquette having a 0.70 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 10.88, 98.11 and 99.86% density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. It has been revealed that the JSS and EcWS are potential organic wastes which could be used as a feedstock for the production of briquettes. It could be concluded that the variation in the mixing proportion of the JSSs, EcWSs and A. senegal significantly affected the properties of the produced briquettes.
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Hayden, Jessica M., Matthew J. Geras, Nathan M. Gerth, and Michael H. Crespin. "Land, Wood, Water, and Space: Senator Robert S. Kerr, Congress, and Selling the Space Race to the American Public." Social Science Quarterly 98, no. 4 (December 2017): 1189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12471.

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Hlaváčová, Z. "Low frequency electric properties utilization in agriculture and food treatment." Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 4 (February 8, 2012): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4963-rae.

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Determination of electrical properties is utilized in a wide range of disciplines and industries. A brief compendium of agricultural materials and food electrical properties exploitation is presented in this paper. The measurement of electrical conductivity or resistivity can be utilized at investigation of cell membrane properties on microscopic level. Moreover the electrical conductivity have utilization at the salinity of soils and irrigation water determination. Biological material properties are determined from their leachates too. The conductivity measurement are applied for determination of various characteristics of agricultural materials and food, for example for determination of the frost sensitiveness, of chilling and freezing tolerance, of moisture content, of seeds germination, of mechanical stress, of pasteurization, of other properties of grains, seeds, meat, sugar, milk, wood, soil, fruit and vegetable, infected food, &hellip; The utilization of dielectric properties are also described; for example in agricultural materials and food quality sensing (moisture content, maturity of fruit, freshness of eggs, potential insect control in seeds, radio frequency heating, &hellip;). The classification of permittivity measurement techniques at the low frequencies is mentioned.
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Poornakanta, Handral, Kartik Kadam, Darshan Pawar, Kiran Medar, Iliyas Makandar, Arun Y. Patil, and Basavaraj B. Kotturshettar. "Optimization of Sluice Gate under Fatigue Life Subjected for Forced Vibration by Fluid Flow." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0031.

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AbstractA ‘Sluice’ is a water-flow control gate works with sliding. So, it’s a mill race, flume or a penstock, channelling water towards a water mill, traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway. They are used in wastewater treatment of plants, and control water level and flow in watermills. However, Sluices are subjected to temperature, environment that supports corrosion, impact loading and so on. Many of those equipments operate during long time in industries and reliability is one of the most important aspects of work, there arose questions of reliability on those structural elements, because the people working nearby will be in danger due to involvement of heavy loaded parts during various possible working states. Considering these factors the gates used in industries are subjected for “Fatigue Analysis”, but the normal V-channel gates which undergo corrosion, wear and continuous stress due to water flow which leads to fatigue failure, loss of material and wastage of water are still in need of this analysis. Hence there is need of an analysis to optimize the gate in terms of material, shape, and size. This paper helps to determine the fatigue strength, wear life of Sluice gate in “V-Channels”. So, by using the ANSYS Workbench software, sluice gate is analysed for fatigue life under fluid flow.
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Jevič, P., P. Hutla, J. Malaťák, and Z. Šedivá. "Efficiency and gases emissions with incineration of composite and one-component biofuel briquettes in room heater." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2125-rae.

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In accordance with the technical standard ČSN EN 13229 “Inset appliances for heating including open fires fired by solid fuels – Requirements and test methods” was performed the basic assessment of thermal efficiency and emission parameters of prototype of combustion accumulation stove SK-2 with upper after-burning and nominal heat output of 8 kW. Verified gradually were the bio-briquettes of diameter 65 mm from mixture of wheat straw and 20% m/m of brown coal, wheat straw and 5% m/m of brown coal, wheat straw, mixture of wheat straw and 10% m/m of water and molasses solution, Ecobiopal created with the fermented blend of 33% m/m of digested clean water plant sludge and 67% m/m of wood chopped material, blend of wheat straw and 15% m/m of sugar beet pulp, mixture of timothy hay and 25% m/m of brown coal, timothy grass hay, meadow hay, mixture of meadow hay and 25% m/m of brown coal. The lowest CO emissions, when the limit value of 3000 mg/m<sup>3</sup><sub>N</sub> at 13% of O<sub>2</sub> has not been exceeded, determined for more strict 1<sup>st</sup> class and the highest efficiency at nominal heat performance, i.e. higher or equal to 70% (Class I) have been reached by the briquettes produced from mixture of wheat straw and 15% m/m of sugar beet pulp, timothy hay and mixture of meadow hay with addition of 25% m/m of brown coal. Further were measured NO<sub>x</sub> and HCl emissions. NO<sub>x</sub> values were significantly lower than limit values determined for similar combustion of solid biofuel. Higher differences of HCl emissions correlate with various Cl content in fuels. Only the wheat straw briquettes with share of 25% m/m of brown coal have exceeded the limit value by 16%. Other fuels have shown considerably lower values. The results have proved better heat-technical and emission parameters of blended briquettes and are significant also for solid biofuels and solid recovered fuels standardization as well as for increasing efficiency method detection and ecological parameters optimization including HCl emissions.
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Jain, Prerna, and Charu Gupta. "A Sustainable Journey of Handmade Paper from Past to Present: A Review." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.2.25.

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Paper is an excellent medium of expression and knowledge preservation and communication because of its writing, printing, and packaging abilities. It is a thin sheet or web-like structure made by a dilute suspension of cellulosic fibres. Handmade papermaking technology was mass accepted and considered a precious commodity before development of an industrialised wood- pulp based paper industry. This modern papermaking practice harms the environment as it uses enhanced natural resources (ample amount of water, trees as a primary source for wood pulp) and generates pollution due to release of harsh chemicals. This paper reviews the history and process of handmade paper manufacturing from past to present. Along with that, all the pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) in relation to the handmade paper industry are deep rooted since ancient times and very much relevant for the present era of sustainable development. Various kinds of cellulosic raw materials from plants (Paper mulberry, Kazo, Gampy, hemp, bamboo, banana, etc.) and other used materials (old rags, ropes, nets, newspapers etc.) with the chemical-free production process and products make this industry eco-friendly. Craft based, small scale and labour-intensive guild art gives it social strength; whereas an infinite product range having functional and decorative uses, as well as strong export potential of the industry gives it an economic strength. Due to the present need of sustainable production, waste minimisation, and circular economy, the handmade paper seems to very potential industry to recycle various kind of waste like weedy battles, textiles, tetra packs, currency, plastic etc. This paper is an attempt to review the journey of handmade papers, its recycling potential, various production processes, products, advantages and disadvantages of the industry from past to present.
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Stowell, Phyllis. "Wind, Water, Wood." Psychological Perspectives 54, no. 3 (July 2011): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2011.597290.

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Chafe, S. C. "Wood-water relations." Forest Ecology and Management 31, no. 1-2 (February 1990): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90117-t.

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Nazareth, Peter, and Agnes Lam. "Water Wood Pure Splendour." World Literature Today 76, no. 1 (2002): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157029.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

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Stokes, Agnes. "Wire water wood /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11466.

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Zhang, Wei. "Water overflow rage and bubble surface area flux in flotation." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86567.

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One of the most important factors that determines the concentrate grade in flotation is water recovery. Water recovery is influenced by frother through control of bubble size and possibly a frother-related chemical effect. A frother mass balance approach is presented for determining an equivalent water film thickness associated with bubble surface area flux exiting via the froth overflow to represent the chemistry effect.
A closed loop mini flotation cell setup is used to achieve steady state in continuous tests. Four frothers are evaluated to reveal the dependence of water overflow velocity (JwO) on frother type and concentration. Using Total Organic Carbon analysis, frother partitioning between overflow and underflow is measured, showing a remarkable preferential distribution to the overflow at low frother dosage. From surface tension measurements the Gibbs excess adsorption density (Г) is estimated and used in the mass balance approach to estimate bubble surface area flux to overflow (SbO). Estimations from this approach are compared with bubble surface area flux into and on top of froth obtained from bubble size data using image analysis. A correlation is shown between JwO and SbO permitting an equivalent water film thickness carried by the bubble into the overflow (δO) to be estimated. The δO reflects the frother type: a stronger frother creates a larger δO and a weaker frother creates a smaller δO. Possible implications in flotation are discussed.
Dans les machines de flottation, le recouvrement d'eau est l'un des facteurs les plus importants dans la détermination de la teneur en minerai du concentré. Le recouvrement d'eau est influencé par l'agent moussant qui contrôle la taille des bulles et interagit possiblement d'un point de vue chimique. Afin de mettre en évidence le caractère chimique de cette interaction, une approche basée sur le bilan massique de l'agent moussant est présentée. Celle-ci vise plus précisément à déterminer l'épaisseur moyenne du film d'eau associé à l'aire de surface du flux de bulles empruntant comme voie de sortie la partie supérieure de la mousse.
Une cellule de mini flottation dotée d'un circuit en boucle est utilisée afin d'atteindre un d'état d'équilibre stable lors des tests en continu. Quatre agents moussants font l'objet d'études afin de comprendre la relation existant entre la vélocité du flux d'eau sortant (JwO) et le type et/ou la concentration d'agent moussant. Avec la méthode d'analyse du Carbone Organique Total, il est possible de mesurer la répartition de l'agent moussant entre la partie supérieure et la partie inferieure de la mousse. Lorsque la concentration en agent moussant est faible, on remarque que l'agent moussant se concentre préférentiellement dans la partie supérieure de la mousse. A partir de mesures de tension superficielle, l'excès de la densité d'adsorption de Gibbs (Г) est évalué et inclus dans le bilan massique afin d'estimer l'aire de surface du flux de bulle dans la partie supérieure de la mousse (SbO). Ces estimations sont comparées avec les aires de surface des flux de bulles au centre et dans la partie supérieure de la mousse, obtenues à l'aide de la technique d'analyse d'images. Une corrélation obtenue, entre JwO et (δO) permet d'estimer une épaisseur équivalente de film d'eau transporté par la bulle dans la partie supérieure. Des épaisseurs comparables de film d'eau transporté par la bulle dans la partie supérieure de la mousse δO sont obtenues. Le δO est caractéristique du type d'agent moussant : dans le cas d'un fort agent moussant, δO est épais alors que dans le cas d'un faible agent moussant, δO est fin. De possibles conséquences engendrées en matière de flottation font l'objet d'une discussion. fr
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Scheepers, Gerhardus C. "Liquid water flow and discolouration of wood during kiln drying /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1189.

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Mji, N. (Ntuthuzelo). "Pressurised hot water extraction of wood : three wood species prior to pulping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50423.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
No english abstract available.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van warm water uitloging van houtspaanders by hoë temperature en onder hoë druk voor alkaliese verpulping te ondersoek. Warm water uitloging van houtspaanders onder druk voor alkaliese verpulping was baie belowend, aangesien dit ekstrakstowwe verwyder het wat andersins verteringschemikalieë sou opgebruik het en ook verbertede verpulpingstoestande meegebring het. Gedurende uitloging het die houtstruktuur verander agv die verwydering van die ekstrakstowwe. Dit het veroorsaak dat die houtstruktuur meer toeganglik geword het, en dit het gelei tot 'n verbeterde diffusie van die kookloog. Die versnelde kookloogdiffusie het 'n verbeterde en meer gelykmatige delignifikasie meegebring. Warm water uitloging by verhoogde druk is ondersoek vir drie houtsoorte nl. Eucalyptus grandis, Acacia mearnsii en Pinus patuia. 'n Twee-uur en 'n een-uur uitlogingstyd van die houtspaanders voorafgaande Kraft en soda-AQ verpulping is ondersoek.Vergelyk met 'n een-uur uitloging is daar gevind dat die twee-uur uitloging van die houtspaanders te drasties was, met 'n gevolg van 'n vermindering in pulpopbrengs, vesellengte en pulpsterkte. Die verlaging III pulpsterkte kon toegeskryf word aan polisaggariedafbreking. Die een-uur uitloging het 'n hoër opbrengs opgelewer as beide die kontrole (nie uitgeloogde houspaanders) en die twee-uur uitgeloogde houtspaanders. Die een-uur uitlogingsperiode het besonder goeie verpulpingsresultate vir die ekstrakstofryke Acacia mearnsii houtspaanders getoon, met 'n bykomstige verbetering in pulpsterkte eienskappe.
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Jalaludin, Zaihan. "The water vapour sorption behaviour of wood." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4905.

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The water vapour sorption properties of several commercial tropical hardwoods and temperate softwood species as well as thermally modified wood and acetylated wood has been studied. A dynamic vapour sorption apparatus was used for this investigation to give data on the sorption isotherms under equilibrium conditions as well as sorption kinetic behaviour. Small differences in the sorption isotherms were found between the wood species, but modification resulted in substantial changes to the sorption isotherms. The sorption isotherms were analysed using the Hailwood-Horrobin model. Sorption kinetics behaviour was found to be accurately described using the parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) model. This model has only recently been applied to wood and this work represents a much more comprehensive study of the applicability of the model. Until now the favoured approach has been based upon Fickian models. The conventional interpretation of the PEK model relies upon the idea of different types of sorption sites, but his work has shown (partly based upon Hailwood-Horrobin analyses of the isotherms) that this interpretation is not applicable. Instead, an interpretation based upon relaxation limited kinetics has been adopted. These ideas are commonly employed in the polymer science literature, but have hardly been used in wood science. The model employed was that involving two Kelvin-Voigt elements in series, from which cell wall moduli and viscosities have been determined. The values of the moduli appear sensible, but the model is only tentative at this stage. The kinetic data has also been used to determine activation energies, entropies and Gibbs free energy of sorption. This is the first time that the entropy and Gibbs free energy of sorption have been studied. The purpose of this work was to understand the phenomenon of sorption hysteresis and in particular to examine if there was a link between sorption hysteresis and sorption kinetics.
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Jönsson, Ingrid. "Bio-based water/dirt repellant wood coating." Thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298182.

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Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla en helt bio-baserad vatten- och smutsavstötande ytbehandling för trä med ambitionen att ersätta en icke bio-baserad referens produkt på marknaden. Flera emulsioner med oljor och vaxer har framställts och analyserats utefter emulsionernas stabilitet och kvalitet. Flera av dessa emulsioners vattenabsorption, kontaktvinkel, pH värde vid ytan och åldrande i utomhusmiljö testades också efter att olika typer av trä behandlats med formuleringarna. En del av formuleringarna verkade ge liknande vattenabsorption som referensen på de olika typerna av trä med undantag för trä typ 4 där de bio-baserade formuleringarna presterade bättre än referensen. Vidare bildade även de bio-baserade formuleringarna en mindre gul och sträv yta jämfört med referensen och de genomgick dessutom en mindre fysisk förändring efter placering utomhus. Dock var stabiliteten för de bio-baserade emulsionerna sämre än för referensen. Dessutom resulterade de bio-baserade formuleringarna till en mindre pH sänkning på trä typ 3 med alkaliskt.
The aim of this thesis project was to develop a fully bio-based water and dirt repellent wood coating with the ambition to replace the current non-bio-based reference product on the market. Several wax and oil emulsions were made and analyzed in terms of emulsion quality and stability. Several formulations were also tested on different types of wood in terms of water absorption, weathering, surface pH and contact angle. Some formulations seam to give similar water absorption as the reference, the not bio-based product and performs similar on different types of wood with an exception on Wood type 4 where the bio-based formulations performs better than the current reference product. Secondly the bio-based formulations form a less yellow and rough coating compared to the current reference product. According to the weathering test the bio-based formulations seams to perform better. However, the stability of the bio-based formulation is not as good as the current reference product. Also, the developed bio-based conceptual formulations exhibited limited pH lowering on Wood type 3 with alkaline pH.
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Salazar, Jose Amador Honorato. "The effect of water sorption on the creep of wood and chemically modified wood." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239924.

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Faure, Florent. "Étude du vieillissement hygrothermique et sous UV de composites préparés à partir de Polyéthylène Haute Densité et de différentes farines de fibres naturelles." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS536.

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Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre l’IRDL et une entreprise majeure du bois composite européen. Les objectifs de ce projet sont d’estimer la durabilité des bois composites (WPC) destinés à être utilisés en environnement extérieur et d’étudier des voies d’améliorations possibles. Les mécanismes de vieillissement du bois composite sont souvent liés à l’action de l’eau, ainsi des essais d’absorption d’eau relativement longs sont utilisés pour s’assurer en première approximation de la bonne durabilité des mélanges. Un protocole d’absorption d’eau développé permet d’obtenir dans un délai relativement court les propriétés d’absorption d’eau (saturation en eau, cinétique de diffusion) des formulations fabriquées par extrusion. Le comportement pseudo-Fickien des composites est modélisé à partir de modèles mathématiques utilisant un coefficient défini comme la contrainte de gonflement. De nombreuses pistes sont étudiés pour essayer de déterminer les caractéristiques des constituants et la manière dont elles influencent l’absorption d’eau. Un protocole de vieillissement accéléré (UV, pluie, gel-dégel) est appliqué pour identifier les mécanismes de dégradation de composites absorbants différentes quantités d’eau. Enfin, des nouvelles farines végétales (colza, miscanthus, tournesol…) sont étudiées pour remplacer la farine de bois. Les propriétés des farines et des nouveaux composites sont comparées afin de déterminer l’apport de ces farines par rapport au bois
This research project is part of a partnership between the IRDL and a major European wood plastic composite company. The objectives of this project are to estimate the durability of wood plastic composites (WPC) intended for use in the outdoor environment and to study possible ways of their improvement. The ageing mechanisms of WPC are often linked to the action of water, so relatively long water absorption tests are used to ensure as a first approximation of the good durability of these mixtures. A water absorption protocol is developed in this thesis to improve these tests and allows to obtain in a relatively short time the water absorption properties of the tested WPC (water saturation, diffusion kinetics). The pseudo-Fickian behavior of composites is modelled from mathematical models using a coefficient defined as swelling stress. Hypotheses (porosity, mechanics...) are investigated to identify the characteristics of constituents which can influence water absorption of composites. An accelerated ageing protocol is applied to determine the degradation mechanisms of different composites. Finally, new natural flours (rapeseed, miscanthus, sunflower, etc.) are studied to substitute wood flour. The properties of new flours and composites are compared to wood flour and wood composite
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Paris, Jesse Loren. "Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions as Renewable Wood Adhesives." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34644.

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Two commercial carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) polymers, high and low molecular weight (MW) forms, were analyzed in this study. High-solids water-borne dispersions of these polymers were studied as renewable wood adhesives. Neat polymer analyses revealed that the apart from MW, the CMCAB systems had different acid values, and that the high MW system was compromised with gel particle contaminants. Formulation of the polymer into water-dispersions was optimized for this study, and proved the â direct methodâ , in which all formulation components were mixed at once in a sealed vessel, was the most efficient preparation technique. Applying this method, 4 high-solids water dispersions were prepared and evaluated with viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, light and fluorescence microscopy, and mode I fracture testing. Thermal analyses showed that the polymer glass transition temperature significantly increased when bonded to wood. CMCAB dispersions produced fairly brittle adhesive-joints; however, it is believed toughness can likely be improved with further formulation optimization. Lastly, dispersion viscosity, film formation, adhesive penetration and joint-performance were all dependent on the formulation solvents, and moreover, these properties appeared to correlate with each other.
Master of Science
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10

Shi, Jingbo. "Water sorption hysteresis and wood cell wall nanopore structure." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61782.

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The origin of sorption hysteresis in the wood-water system is still under debate. In this study, cell walls are considered as micro-mesoporous materials and capillary condensation in the entire hygroscopic region is proposed as an alternative sorption mechanism. Initially, the pore connectivity was investigated by observing five experimentally generated hysteresis patterns at 25 and 40oC. Consistent patterns were found for the species-temperature combinations. Further, the satisfactory congruency and wiping-out properties indicate the dominance of independent cell wall pores. After this experimental phase, the geometric interpretations derived from the Preisach model, the mathematical form of the independent domain model, was used tο explain the observed hysteresis patterns. Additionally, a modification to the aforementioned model was suggested that involves a numerical implementation, which avoids the use of unknown parameters. The low prediction errors and well-maintained wiping-out property support the suitability of our approach. In the next phase, grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) technique was applied in a simplified wood-water system to simulate sorption isotherms and hysteresis at 25 and 40°C. In the simulation system, wood is represented by a cell wall model that is composed of solid substances and evenly distributed independent cylindrical nanopores with sizes in the range of 0.6 – 2.2nm. Two types of pore-wall compositions regarding polysaccharides and lignin have been considered. The hydroxyl groups are modeled as negative energy pits attached to walls whereas water is represented by the SPC/E model. Results demonstrated that hysteresis can be well explained by the existence of metastable states associated with capillary condensation and evaporation of water in cell wall pores. The alternative sorption mechanism driven by capillary condensation is also strongly supported by the simulation. In the last phase, the cell wall pore size distributions in the hygroscopic range were explored for the three species from a “trial and error” calculation approach. This approach was indirectly examined by comparing derived volumetric strain of cell walls and the density of adsorbed water in the hygroscopic range with literature data. The qualitative agreement indicates the soundness of assumptions made on the cell wall swelling process and proposed calculation procedures.
Forestry, Faculty of
Wood Science, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

1

Xiao, Y. Effects of water flow rate and temperature on leaching from creosote-treated wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2002.

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Xiao, Y. Effects of water flow rate and temperature on leaching from creosote-treated wood. Madison, Wis: Forest Products Laboratory, 2002.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-Water Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-water relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-Water Relations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4.

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Skaar, Christen. Wood-water relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Benjamin, Mendlowitz, ed. Wood, water & light: Classic wooden boats. New York: Norton, 1988.

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Water-based finishes. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 1998.

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Rowell, Roger M. Water repellency and dimensional stability of wood. Madison, Wis: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Rowell, Roger M. Water repellency and dimensional stability of wood. Madison, Wis: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

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Walker, J. C. F. "Water and wood." In Primary Wood Processing, 68–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8110-3_3.

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Keey, Roger B., Timothy A. G. Langrish, and John C. F. Walker. "Wood-Water Relationships." In Kiln-Drying of Lumber, 23–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59653-7_2.

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Skaar, Christen. "Hygroexpansion in Wood." In Wood-Water Relations, 122–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_4.

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Skaar, Christen. "Wood Moisture and the Environment." In Wood-Water Relations, 1–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_1.

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Skaar, Christen. "Moisture Sorption Thermodynamics." In Wood-Water Relations, 46–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_2.

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Skaar, Christen. "Theories of Water Sorption by Wood." In Wood-Water Relations, 86–121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_3.

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Skaar, Christen. "Moisture Movement in the Wood Cell Wall." In Wood-Water Relations, 177–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_5.

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Skaar, Christen. "Electrical Properties of Wood." In Wood-Water Relations, 207–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4_6.

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Radoor, Sabarish, Jasila Karayil, Jyothi Mannekote Shivanna, and Suchart Siengchin. "Water Absorption and Swelling Behaviour of Wood Plastic Composites." In Wood Polymer Composites, 195–212. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1606-8_10.

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Jacobson, Aaron J., and Sujit Banerjee. "Modeling Water Transport in Saturated Wood." In ACS Symposium Series, 219–28. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0954.ch014.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

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Zhu, Zhe, Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, Donghong Yu, and Guanyi Chen. "Experimental Study of Subcritical Water Liquefaction of Biomass: Effects of Catalyst and Biomass Species." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6708.

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In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood industry residues (wood, bark, sawdust) and macroalgae for producing biofuels has been investigated under subcritical water conditions (at temperature of 300 °C), with and without the presence of a catalyst. The effects of catalyst and biomass type (woody and non-woody) on the biomass conversion, bio-crude yield, and the qualities of products were studied. The results suggested that the addition of potassium carbonate as a catalyst showed a positive effect on bio-crude yield, especially for wood, where it was enhanced to 47.48 wt%. Macroalgae showed a higher biomass conversion and a lower bio-crude yield than other woody biomass investigated in the present study, irrespective of whether the catalyst was used. Meanwhile, the effect of catalyst on macroalgae was less significant than that of woody biomass. The heating values and thermal stability of all bio-crudes were analyzed. The results showed that the higher heating values (HHVs) were in the range of 24.15 to 31.79 MJ/kg, and they were enhanced in the presence of a catalyst, except for that of the macroalgae. The solid residues were characterized by heating value, SEM and FTIR. It was found that the addition of K2CO3 lowered the solids quality in terms of the heating values, while it did not have apparent effect on the functional groups of solid residues. SEM analysis of the raw biomass and solid residues revealed that the char formation for wood, sawdust and macroalgae had initially finished when they were treated in hot compressed water at 300 °C, while conversion of bark had not completed yet.
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SOUČEK, Jiří, and Algirdas JASINSKAS. "DETERMINATION OF DEPENDENCE OF WOOD BIOMASS DISINTEGRATION PARAMETERS ON WATER CONTENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.031.

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Mechanical properties of wood are an important aspect in its processing. Wood is traditionally used for construction and technical purposes. Recently, its importance has grown in energy use. For energy use, it is necessary to modify the wood dimensionally into the desired shape. Therefore, the disintegration is an important operation in wood processing. Its difficulty depends on the properties of the wood. The authors have determined the parameters of energy-using wood species on a water content in the range of 0-50%. The observed properties were wood shear stress. With decreasing water content, the shear stress of wood decreases. The shear strength limit of poplar wood increased from 22.3 MPa to 30.2 MPa. Poplar samples had a higher shear strength than willow samples.
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Wu, Q., Y. Lei, F. Yao, Y. Xu, and K. Lian. "Properties of HDPE/Clay/Wood Nanocomposites." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21603.

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Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and injection molding. The influence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites were investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with a maleated polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Adding 2% clay to a HDPE/pine composite without MAPE decreased the crystallization temperature (Tc) and rate, and the crystallinity level. When 2% MAPE was added, the Tc and crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was lowered. The flexural strength and the tensile strength of HDPE/pine composites increased 19.6% and 24.2% respectively with addition of 1% clay but then decreased slightly as the clay content was increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were increased 11.8% and 13% respectively with addition of 1% clay but the storage and loss moduli barely change as the clay content was increased to 3%. The impact strength was lowered 7.5% by adding 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but did not improve the thermal stability.
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Mazurkevich, A., P. Kittel, Y. Maigrot, E. Dolbunova, M. Krapiec, and A. Ginter. "ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РАМКИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО ПАМЯТНИКА СЕРТЕЯ II (ПО ДАННЫМ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОГО ДАТИРОВАНИЯ)." In Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-52-54.

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Dr. Ganna Zaitseva participated a lot in researches conducted within the North-Western archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage Museum and elaborating the chronological timeframes for Neolithic in this region. Multidisci- plinary investigations of the last five years changed a lot historical schemes and environmental reconstructions made for Serteya II site, located in Smolensk region. The Serteya II site is a multilayer complex used by hunter–fisher–gath- erer communities in the 9th-8th mill. BC, and from the end of the 7th till the end of the 3rd mill. BC. Archaeological structures and horizons were developed in the palaeolake shore zone within changing water regimes and changes in the environmental conditions. Based on the most convergent dendrochronological sequences, two floating chronolo- gies were compiled, for pine wood 53 years old and larch wood 54 years old. Finally five OSL dates have been obtained, but the acquired age of geological ones significantly exceeded expectations. Three dates indicate the Neolithic period (contrary to expected XVII century), and a chronological inversion of OSL dates can be seen. Surprisingly spectrom- etry measurements of gytia sediments, despite of significant amount of organic matter allow as to calculate the dose rate and then to date one piece of Neolithic pottery. The obtained age perfectly corresponded to present state of knowledge.
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Ito, Sadasuke, Minoru Kashima, and Naokatsu Miura. "Flow Control and Unsteady State Analysis on Thermal Performance of Solar Air Collectors." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44215.

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Solar air collectors can be used for heating rooms, drying crops and wood, and heating water. In present studies, first, a flow control system for obtaining a constant temperature at the exit of a flat-plate collector was installed in a hot air supply system and the feasibility of the control system was examined. When the flow temperature was lower than the temperature that was set by a digital indicating controller, the fan power was reduced to decrease the flow rate. When the outlet air temperature was higher than the setting temperature, the flow rate was increased. Consequently, the control system worked well to maintain the exit air temperature. Secondly, an unsteady state analysis was made on thermal performance of the collector. In analysis, flow rate variations over time were given as conditions. Validity of this analysis was checked by experimentation. Analytical results agreed well even when solar radiation intensity, wind speed, or flow rate changed abruptly.
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Chemerys, Valeriia, and Edita Baltrėnaitė. "Effect of Modification with FeCl3 and MgCl2 on Adsorption Characteristics of Woody Biochar." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.012.

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Due to high specific surface area, well-developed porous structure and surface functionality biochar has a potential for being used as low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous so-lutions. Higher adsorption capacity and selectivity for metals could be further developed after modification of proper-ties of biochar through physical (“designed biochar”) and chemical (“engineered biochar”) modification techniques. Wood waste of three types [aspen (Populus tremula L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and fir (Picea abies L.)] were se-lected to produce the biochar under slow pyrolysis conditions at 450 °C for 2 h with the heating rate of 10 °C/min. Mg and Fe-particles, acting as potential sorption sites for adsorption of metals, were added into the biochar through modi-fication of the biochar with metal salts MgCl2 and FeCl3. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemi-cal modifications of woody biochar with MgCl2 and FeCl3 on the adsorption characteristics of the biochar. The engi-neered biochar with improved physico-chemical and sorptive properties was evaluated as potential adsorbent of metals from aqueous solutions. Such characteristics of the biochar, as density, porosity, pH, cation exchange capacity, elec-trical conductivity, moisture content, ash content, water holding capacity, total organic carbon were analyzed. Modifi-cations followed by increasing of moisture and ash content. While carrying out the future adsorption experiment, sig-nificantly decreased pH and electrical conductivity of the engineered biochar should be taken into account. Increased cation exchange capacity of the engineered biochar promotes enhanced adsorption of metals.
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Morozovs, Andris, Anete Keke, Lita Fisere, and Uldis Spulle. "Wood modification with furfuryl alcohol and furfurylated wood durability in water." In 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2018.17.n257.

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Iordache, Ovidiu, Ioana Corina Moga, Elena Cornelia Mitran, Irina Sandulache, Maria Memecica, Lucia Oana Secareanu, Cristina Lite, and Elena Perdum. "BOD & COD reduction from textile wastewater using bio-augmented HDPE carriers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.12.

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Textile wastewater effluents are considered one of the most polluting sources, among all industrial sectors, in terms of both effluent volume and composition, with high BOD and COD values. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms in decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) represents the measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize soluble and particulate organic matter in water. The main goal of the present study was the investigation in reduction of both BOD and COD concentrations, in a textile wastewater source, using bio-augmented MBBR specific HDPE carriers (composition: 5% talc, 7% cellulose and 88% High-Density-Polyethylene). The HDPE carriers were bio-augmented in an experimental laboratory installation with five fungi microbial strains (either as a mix or individual strain): 3 own microbial isolates (from decaying wood source) and 2 collection strains, namely Cerioporus squamosus (Basidiomycota phylum) and Fusarium oxysporum (Ascomycota phylum). Results showed a reduction rate of COD value of 53.45%, of HDPE carriers bio-augmented in the experimental laboratory installation (mix inoculation), and BOD reduction rates between 28% (carriers bio-augmented with isolate #2) and 61% (carriers bio-augmented with Cerioporus squamosus strain).
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Morley, Andrew, Marius Twite, Norman Platts, Alec McLennan, and Chris Currie. "Effect of Surface Condition on the Fatigue Life of Austenitic Stainless Steels in High Temperature Water Environments." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84251.

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High temperature water environments typical of LWR operation are known to significantly reduce the fatigue life of reactor plant materials relative to air environments in laboratory studies. This environmental impact on fatigue life has led to the issue of US-NRC Regulatory Guide 1.207 [1] and supporting document NUREG/CR-6909 [2] which predicts significant environmental reduction in fatigue life (characterised by an environmental correction factor, Fen) for a range of actual and design basis transients. In the same report, a revision of the fatigue design curve for austenitic stainless steels and Ni-Cr-Fe alloys was proposed [2]. This was based on a revised mean curve fit to laboratory air data and revised design factors to account for effects not present in the test database, including the effect of rough surface finish. This revised fatigue design curve was endorsed by the NRC for new plant through Regulatory Guide 1.207 [1] and subsequently adopted by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code [3]. Additional rules for accounting for the effect of environment, such as the Fen approach, have been included in the ASME BPV Code as code cases such as Code Case N-792-1 [4]. However, there is a growing body of evidence [5] [6] [7] and [8] that a rough surface condition does not have the same impact in a high temperature water environment as in air. Therefore, application of Fen factors with this design curve may be unduly conservative as it implies a simple combination of the effects of rough surface and environment rather than an interaction. Explicit quantification of the interaction between surface finish and environment is the aim of a number of recent proposals for improvement to fatigue assessment methods, including a Rule in Probationary Phase in the RCC-M Code and a draft Code Case submitted to the ASME BPV Code as described in References [9] and [10]. These approaches aim to quantify the excessive conservatism in current methods due to this unrecognised interaction, describing this as an allowance for Fen effectively built into the design curve. A number of approaches in various stages of development and application are discussed further in a separate paper at this conference [11]. This paper reports the results of an extensive programme of strain-controlled fatigue testing, conducted on two heats of well-characterised 304-type material in a high-temperature simulated PWR environment by Wood plc. The baseline behaviour in environment of standard polished specimens is compared to that of specimens with a rough surface finish bounding normal plant component applications. The results reported here substantially add to the pool of data supporting the conclusion that surface finish effects in a high-temperature water environment are significantly lower than the factor of 2.0 to 3.5 assumed in construction of the current ASME III fatigue design curve. This supports the claim made in the methods discussed in [9] [10] and [11] that the fatigue design curve already incorporates additional conservatism for a high-temperature water environment that can be used to offset the Fen derived by the NUREG/CR-6909 methodology. At present, this observation is limited to austenitic stainless steels.
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Ward, R. A., G. O. Brown, P. R. Weckler, D. M. Temple, F. D. Shields, Jr., and C. V. Alonso. "Modeling Large Wood Structures in Sand-Bed Streams." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)366.

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Reports on the topic "Wood and Water Rage"

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Williams, R. Sam, and William C. Feist. Water repellents and water-repellent preservatives for wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-109.

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Rowell, Roger M., and W. Bart Banks. Water repellency and dimensional stability of wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-50.

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McDonald, Philip M., and Dean W. Huber. California's hardwood resource: managing for wildlife, water, pleasing scenery, and wood products. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-154.

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Milke, James, David Evans, and Warren Hayes. Water spray suppression of fully-developed wood crib fires in a compartment. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3745.

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Coleman, Mark D., David R. Coyle, J. Blake, Kerry O. Britton, M. Buford, R. G. Campbell, J. Cox, et al. Production of Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown with a Range of Nutrient and Water Availability: Establishment Report and First-Year Responses. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-72.

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Coyle, D. R., J. Blake, K. Britton, M, Buford, R. G. Campbell, J. Cox, et al. Production of Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown with a Range of Nutrient and Water Availability: Establishment Report and First-Year Responses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835208.

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Coleman, Mark D., David R. Coyle, J. Blake, Kerry O. Britton, M. Buford, R. G. Campbell, J. Cox, et al. Production of Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown with a Range of Nutrient and Water Availability: Establishment Report and First-Year Responses. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-72.

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Murphy, C. E. An Estimate of the History of Tritium Inventory in Wood Following Irrigation with Tritiated Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782039.

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Shaw, Harley G. Wood plenty, grass good, water none: Vegetation changes in Arizona's upper Verde River watershed from 1850 to 1997. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-177.

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BIBB AND ASSOCIATES INC SHAWNEE MISSION KS. Limited Energy Engineering Analysis (EEAP) Study of Summer Boiler at High Temperature Hot Water Plants, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330871.

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