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Journal articles on the topic 'Wood and Water Rage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Souček, J. "Moulds occurrence in woodchips." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 4 (November 27, 2014): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2013-rae.

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The research, whose results are presented, is aimed at determination of development of moulds number in wood chips under different storage temperatures. The experiments were carried out with the moisture of samples 65%, 22% and 1%. During the long-term storage the effect of water content in material on development of moulds can be recorded. The risks linked to mould occurrence can be considerably eliminated by reduction of water content.  

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2

Fadele, Oluwaseyi, Temiloluwa Amusan, Ademola Afolabi, and Clement Ogunlade. "Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approach." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 3 (September 27, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2021-rae.

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Waste from a forest environment constitutes an enormous quantity of renewable energy resources. In this study undesirable forest materials, such as jatropha seed shells (JSSs) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood shavings (EcWSs) were used in the production of briquettes with Acacia senegal as the binder using mixing proportions of 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 while the binder was varied from 50, 60, 70, 80 to 90 g. Some physical properties, such as the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, were optimised using the response surface methodology at these mixing proportions. The outcome of the production showed the briquettes to have mean values of 0.66 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 11.51, 91.12 and 99.7 % for the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. The optimum mixing ratio and binder quantity of 75 : 25 and 60 g, respectively, would result in a briquette having a 0.70 kg·m<sup>–3</sup>, 10.88, 98.11 and 99.86% density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. It has been revealed that the JSS and EcWS are potential organic wastes which could be used as a feedstock for the production of briquettes. It could be concluded that the variation in the mixing proportion of the JSSs, EcWSs and A. senegal significantly affected the properties of the produced briquettes.

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3

Hayden, Jessica M., Matthew J. Geras, Nathan M. Gerth, and Michael H. Crespin. "Land, Wood, Water, and Space: Senator Robert S. Kerr, Congress, and Selling the Space Race to the American Public." Social Science Quarterly 98, no. 4 (December 2017): 1189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12471.

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4

Hlaváčová, Z. "Low frequency electric properties utilization in agriculture and food treatment." Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 4 (February 8, 2012): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4963-rae.

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Determination of electrical properties is utilized in a wide range of disciplines and industries. A brief compendium of agricultural materials and food electrical properties exploitation is presented in this paper. The measurement of electrical conductivity or resistivity can be utilized at investigation of cell membrane properties on microscopic level. Moreover the electrical conductivity have utilization at the salinity of soils and irrigation water determination. Biological material properties are determined from their leachates too. The conductivity measurement are applied for determination of various characteristics of agricultural materials and food, for example for determination of the frost sensitiveness, of chilling and freezing tolerance, of moisture content, of seeds germination, of mechanical stress, of pasteurization, of other properties of grains, seeds, meat, sugar, milk, wood, soil, fruit and vegetable, infected food, … The utilization of dielectric properties are also described; for example in agricultural materials and food quality sensing (moisture content, maturity of fruit, freshness of eggs, potential insect control in seeds, radio frequency heating, …). The classification of permittivity measurement techniques at the low frequencies is mentioned.

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5

Poornakanta, Handral, Kartik Kadam, Darshan Pawar, Kiran Medar, Iliyas Makandar, Arun Y. Patil, and Basavaraj B. Kotturshettar. "Optimization of Sluice Gate under Fatigue Life Subjected for Forced Vibration by Fluid Flow." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0031.

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AbstractA ‘Sluice’ is a water-flow control gate works with sliding. So, it’s a mill race, flume or a penstock, channelling water towards a water mill, traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway. They are used in wastewater treatment of plants, and control water level and flow in watermills. However, Sluices are subjected to temperature, environment that supports corrosion, impact loading and so on. Many of those equipments operate during long time in industries and reliability is one of the most important aspects of work, there arose questions of reliability on those structural elements, because the people working nearby will be in danger due to involvement of heavy loaded parts during various possible working states. Considering these factors the gates used in industries are subjected for “Fatigue Analysis”, but the normal V-channel gates which undergo corrosion, wear and continuous stress due to water flow which leads to fatigue failure, loss of material and wastage of water are still in need of this analysis. Hence there is need of an analysis to optimize the gate in terms of material, shape, and size. This paper helps to determine the fatigue strength, wear life of Sluice gate in “V-Channels”. So, by using the ANSYS Workbench software, sluice gate is analysed for fatigue life under fluid flow.

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6

Jevič, P., P. Hutla, J. Malaťák, and Z. Šedivá. "Efficiency and gases emissions with incineration of composite and one-component biofuel briquettes in room heater." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2125-rae.

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In accordance with the technical standard ČSN EN 13229 “Inset appliances for heating including open fires fired by solid fuels – Requirements and test methods” was performed the basic assessment of thermal efficiency and emission parameters of prototype of combustion accumulation stove SK-2 with upper after-burning and nominal heat output of 8 kW. Verified gradually were the bio-briquettes of diameter 65 mm from mixture of wheat straw and 20% m/m of brown coal, wheat straw and 5% m/m of brown coal, wheat straw, mixture of wheat straw and 10% m/m of water and molasses solution, Ecobiopal created with the fermented blend of 33% m/m of digested clean water plant sludge and 67% m/m of wood chopped material, blend of wheat straw and 15% m/m of sugar beet pulp, mixture of timothy hay and 25% m/m of brown coal, timothy grass hay, meadow hay, mixture of meadow hay and 25% m/m of brown coal. The lowest CO emissions, when the limit value of 3000 mg/m<sup>3</sup><sub>N</sub> at 13% of O<sub>2</sub> has not been exceeded, determined for more strict 1<sup>st</sup> class and the highest efficiency at nominal heat performance, i.e. higher or equal to 70% (Class I) have been reached by the briquettes produced from mixture of wheat straw and 15% m/m of sugar beet pulp, timothy hay and mixture of meadow hay with addition of 25% m/m of brown coal. Further were measured NO<sub>x</sub> and HCl emissions. NO<sub>x</sub> values were significantly lower than limit values determined for similar combustion of solid biofuel. Higher differences of HCl emissions correlate with various Cl content in fuels. Only the wheat straw briquettes with share of 25% m/m of brown coal have exceeded the limit value by 16%. Other fuels have shown considerably lower values. The results have proved better heat-technical and emission parameters of blended briquettes and are significant also for solid biofuels and solid recovered fuels standardization as well as for increasing efficiency method detection and ecological parameters optimization including HCl emissions.

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7

Jain, Prerna, and Charu Gupta. "A Sustainable Journey of Handmade Paper from Past to Present: A Review." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.2.25.

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Paper is an excellent medium of expression and knowledge preservation and communication because of its writing, printing, and packaging abilities. It is a thin sheet or web-like structure made by a dilute suspension of cellulosic fibres. Handmade papermaking technology was mass accepted and considered a precious commodity before development of an industrialised wood- pulp based paper industry. This modern papermaking practice harms the environment as it uses enhanced natural resources (ample amount of water, trees as a primary source for wood pulp) and generates pollution due to release of harsh chemicals. This paper reviews the history and process of handmade paper manufacturing from past to present. Along with that, all the pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) in relation to the handmade paper industry are deep rooted since ancient times and very much relevant for the present era of sustainable development. Various kinds of cellulosic raw materials from plants (Paper mulberry, Kazo, Gampy, hemp, bamboo, banana, etc.) and other used materials (old rags, ropes, nets, newspapers etc.) with the chemical-free production process and products make this industry eco-friendly. Craft based, small scale and labour-intensive guild art gives it social strength; whereas an infinite product range having functional and decorative uses, as well as strong export potential of the industry gives it an economic strength. Due to the present need of sustainable production, waste minimisation, and circular economy, the handmade paper seems to very potential industry to recycle various kind of waste like weedy battles, textiles, tetra packs, currency, plastic etc. This paper is an attempt to review the journey of handmade papers, its recycling potential, various production processes, products, advantages and disadvantages of the industry from past to present.

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8

Stowell, Phyllis. "Wind, Water, Wood." Psychological Perspectives 54, no. 3 (July 2011): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2011.597290.

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9

Chafe, S. C. "Wood-water relations." Forest Ecology and Management 31, no. 1-2 (February 1990): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90117-t.

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10

Nazareth, Peter, and Agnes Lam. "Water Wood Pure Splendour." World Literature Today 76, no. 1 (2002): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157029.

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11

Noack, Detlef. "Wood-Water Relations. Christen Skaar." Quarterly Review of Biology 64, no. 4 (December 1989): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416506.

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12

Salin, Jarl-Gunnar. "Modelling water absorption in wood." Wood Material Science and Engineering 3, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480270902781576.

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13

Murray, Chris. "Backlist: Chop Wood, Carry Water." American Book Review 27, no. 5 (2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2006.0122.

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14

Dieste, Andrés, Katia Rodríguez, and Vanessa Baño. "Wood–water relations of chestnut wood used for structural purposes." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 71, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-012-0627-6.

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15

Jacobson, Aaron J., and Sujit Banerjee. "Diffusion of tritiated water into water-saturated wood particles." Holzforschung 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.011.

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Abstract The diffusion rate of tritiated water into pine and aspen particles follows a Fickian mechanism. The tortuosity for the diffusion of water into wood is quite low, at approximately 1.6, and increases with decreasing particle size. The tortuosity for aspen is higher than that for pine because the shorter fiber structure in aspen gives rise to a more extensive network of pores. Diffusion into free and bound water occurs at the same rate. Also, diffusion into and out of the particles is nearly identical, demonstrating that diffusion of water into saturated wood particles is completely reversible. No hysteresis was evident, in contrast to behavior for water adsorption on unsaturated wood. The implications of these findings for pulping and wood drying are discussed.

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16

Digaitis, Ramūnas, Emil E. Thybring, Lisbeth G. Thygesen, and Maria Fredriksson. "Targeted acetylation of wood: a tool for tuning wood-water interactions." Cellulose 28, no. 12 (June 27, 2021): 8009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04033-z.

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Abstract Wood is an increasingly important material in the sustainable transition of societies worldwide. The performance of wood in structures is intimately tied to the presence of moisture in the material, which directly affects important characteristics such as dimensions and mechanical properties, and indirectly its susceptibility to fungal decomposition. By chemical modification, the durability of wood in outdoor environments can be improved by reducing the amount of moisture present. In this study, we refined a well-known chemical modification with acetic anhydride and showed how the spatial distribution of the modification of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) could be controlled with the aim of altering the wood-water interactions differently in different parts of the wood structure. By controlling the reaction conditions of the acetylation it was possible to acetylate only the cell wall-lumen interface, or uniformly modify the whole cell wall to different degrees. The spatial distribution of the acetylation was visualised by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The results showed that by this targeted acetylation procedure it was possible to independently alter the wood-water interactions in and outside of cell walls. The cell wall-lumen interface modification altered the interaction between the wood and the water in cell lumina without affecting the interaction with water in cell walls while the uniform modification affected both. This opens up a novel path for studying wood-water interactions in very moist environments and how moisture distribution within the wood affects its susceptibility towards fungal decomposition. Graphic abstract

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17

Mahdian, Mina, Linda Y. Huang, Donald W. Kirk, and Charles Q. Jia. "Water permeability of monolithic wood biocarbon." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 303 (August 2020): 110258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110258.

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18

Jiang, Qisheng, and Srikanth Singamaneni. "Water from Wood: Pouring through Pores." Joule 1, no. 3 (November 2017): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.018.

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19

Nasonova, Yuliya, Andrey Manukovskiy, and Roman Kurdyukov. "Processes of water absorption of wood." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 2 (March 18, 2014): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3199.

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20

Salmén, Lennart. "Thermal Expansion of Water-saturated Wood." Holzforschung 44, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1990.44.1.17.

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21

Viswanathan, Padma. "By Air, By Water, By Wood." South Asian Review 28, no. 3 (October 2007): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2007.11932563.

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22

Evans, P. D., and P. D. Evans. "Degradation of wood surfaces by water." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 48, no. 5 (May 1990): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02617767.

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23

Nelson, R. M. "Diffusion of bound water in wood." Wood Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00350982.

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24

Nelson, R. M. "Diffusion of bound water in wood." Wood Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00351024.

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Nelson, R. M. "Diffusion of bound water in wood." Wood Science and Technology 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00351584.

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26

Merem'yanin, Yu I. "Accurate wood-chip water-content measurement." Measurement Techniques 31, no. 3 (March 1988): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865106.

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27

Evans, P. D., and W. B. Banks. "Degradation of wood surfaces by water." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 48, no. 4 (April 1990): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02627304.

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28

Lillqvist, Kristiina, Susanna Källbom, Michael Altgen, Tiina Belt, and Lauri Rautkari. "Water vapour sorption properties of thermally modified and pressurised hot-water-extracted wood powder." Holzforschung 73, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0301.

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Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the water vapour sorption behaviour of thermally modified (TM) wood powder, e.g. ground wood prepared from waste streams of TM solid wood, and wood powder that was extracted in pressurised hot water. Solid spruce wood was TM in steam conditions (210°C for 3 h), milled and hot-water-extracted (HWE) at elevated pressure (140°C for 1 h). The results evidence that the hot-water extraction reduced the water sorption and the accessible hydroxyl group concentration by the removal of amorphous carbohydrates. In contrast, the enhanced cross-linking of the cell wall matrix and the annealing of amorphous matrix polymers during thermal modification reduced the sorption behaviour of wood additionally, without further reducing the hydroxyl accessibility. These additional effects of thermal modification were at least partially cancelled by hot-water extraction. The results bring novel insights into the mechanisms that reduce the water vapour sorption of wood by compositional and structural changes induced by heating.

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29

Yang, Fan, Zhe Wang, John H. Zhang, Jiping Tang, Xin Liu, Liang Tan, Qing-Yuan Huang, and Hua Feng. "Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product Antagonist Reduces Blood–Brain Barrier Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage." Stroke 46, no. 5 (May 2015): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.008336.

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Background and Purpose— To determine whether the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) plays a role in early brain injury from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), RAGE expression and activation after injury were examined in a rat model of ICH with or without administration of a RAGE-specific antagonist (FPS-ZM1). Methods— Autologous arterial blood was injected into the basal ganglia of rats to induce ICH. The motor function of the rats was examined, and water content was detected after euthanization. Blood–brain barrier permeability was determined by Evans blue staining and colloidal gold nanoparticle tracers. Nerve fiber injury in white matter was determined by diffusion tensor imaging analysis, and the expression of target genes was analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. FPS-ZM1 was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Results— Expression of RAGE and its ligand high-mobility group protein B1 were increased at 12 hours after ICH, along with blood–brain barrier permeability and perihematomal nerve fiber injury. RAGE and nuclear factor-κB p65 upregulation were also observed when FeCl 2 was infused into the basal ganglia at 24 hours. FPS-ZM1 administration resulted in significant improvements of blood–brain barrier damage, brain edema, motor dysfunction, and nerve fiber injury, and the expression of RAGE, nuclear factor-κB p65, proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8R, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metallopeptidase-9 was attenuated. Moreover, decreases in claudin-5 and occludin expression were partially recovered. FPS-ZM1 also reversed FeCl 2 -induced RAGE and nuclear factor-κB p65 upregulation. Conclusions— RAGE signaling is involved in blood–brain barrier and white matter fiber damage after ICH, the initiation of which is associated with iron. RAGE antagonists represent a novel therapeutic intervention to prevent early brain injury after ICH.

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30

Perkinson, James W. "Race War, Climate Crisis, Indigenous Witness and the Bible: The Word of Water." Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 20, no. 2 (2020): 208–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scs.2020.0032.

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31

Viana, Sofia D., Inês R. Pita, Cristina Lemos, Daniel Rial, Patrícia Couceiro, Paulo Rodrigues-Santos, Francisco Caramelo, et al. "The effects of physical exercise on nonmotor symptoms and on neuroimmune RAGE network in experimental parkinsonism." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01120.2016.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) prodromal stages comprise neuropsychiatric perturbations that critically compromise a patient’s quality of life. These nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are associated with exacerbated innate immunity, a hallmark of overt PD. Physical exercise (PE) has the potential to improve neuropsychiatric deficits and to modulate immune network including receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in distinct pathological settings. Accordingly, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that PE 1) alleviates PD NMS and 2) modulates neuroimmune RAGE network in experimental PD. Adult Wistar rats subjected to long-term mild treadmill were administered intranasally with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and probed for PD NMS before the onset of motor abnormalities. Twelve days after MPTP, neuroimmune RAGE network transcriptomics (real-time quantitative PCR) was analyzed in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Untrained MPTP animals displayed habit-learning and motivational deficits without gross motor impairments (cued version of water-maze, splash, and open-field tests, respectively). A suppression of RAGE and neuroimmune-related genes was observed in frontal cortex on chemical and physical stressors (untrained MPTP: RAGE, TLR5 and -7, and p22 NADPH oxidase; saline-trained animals: RAGE, TLR1 and -5 to -11, TNF-α, IL-1β, and p22 NADPH oxidase), suggesting the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms to restrain innate inflammation. Notably, trained MPTP animals displayed normal cognitive/motivational performances. Additionally, these animals showed normal RAGE expression and neuroprotective PD-related DJ-1 gene upregulation in frontal cortex when compared with untrained MPTP animals. These findings corroborate PE efficacy in improving PD NMS and newly identify RAGE network as a neural substrate for exercise intervention. Additional research is warranted to unveil functional consequences of PE-induced modulation of RAGE/DJ-1 transcriptomics in PD premotor stages. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study newly shows that physical exercise (PE) corrects nonmotor symptoms of the intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of experimental parkinsonism. Additionally, we show that suppression of neuroimmune receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) network occurs in frontal cortex on chemical (MPTP) and physical (PE) interventions. Finally, PE normalizes frontal cortical RAGE transcriptomics and upregulates the neuroprotective DJ-1 gene in the intranasal MPTP model of experimental parkinsonism.

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32

Jonsson, Maria, and Erik Persson. "Sprinkling wood using brackish water – effects on the inorganic content of wood." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2004-19-03-p366-371.

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Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul, Vikram Yadama, Eini Lowell, Thomas E. Amidon, and Timothy L. Chaffee. "Hot water extracted wood fiber for production of wood plastic composites (WPCs)." Holzforschung 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0071.

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Abstract Undebarked ponderosa pine chips were treated by hot water extraction to modify the chemical composition. In the treated pine (TP), the mass was reduced by approximately 20%, and the extract was composed mainly of degradation products of hemicelluloses. Wood flour produced from TP and unextracted chips (untreated pine, UP) was blended with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and was extruded into wood plastic composites (WPCs). Formulations for WPCs consisted of 58% pine, 32% plastic, and 10% other additives. WPC based on HDPE+TP and PP+TP absorbed 46–45% less water than did WPC based on HDPE+UP and PP+UP, respectively. Thickness swelling was reduced by 45–59%, respectively, after 2520 h of immersion. The diffusion constant decreased by approximately 36%. Evaluation of mechanical properties in flexure and tension mode indicated improvements in TP-WPC properties, although the data were not statistically significant in all cases. Results showed that debarking of ponderosa pine is not required for WPC production.

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Sufiandi, S., T. Darmawan, and W. Dwianto. "Mechanism of heat transfer using water in wood pores during wood densification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 374 (November 5, 2019): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/374/1/012013.

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35

Rodriguez‐Zaccaro, F. Daniela, and Andrew Groover. "Wood and water: How trees modify wood development to cope with drought." PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET 1, no. 4 (March 5, 2019): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.29.

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36

Lee, Seung-Hwan, and Siqun Wang. "Effect of water on wood liquefaction and the properties of phenolated wood." Holzforschung 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.101.

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Abstract The effects of water on wood liquefaction were investigated under various reaction conditions: reaction temperature, time, and wood/phenol weight ratio. Although the addition of water decreased the reaction temperature and reduced the liquefaction rate and combined phenol content of the resulting phenolated wood, residue of <20% and a combined phenol content of >95% were obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The addition of water suppressed an increase in the combined phenol content and molecular weight by a recondensation reaction observed in liquefaction in the absence of water under the same reaction conditions. Phenolated wood obtained in the presence of water showed comparable thermoflow properties and slightly higher activation energy for cure when compared with phenolated wood obtained in the absence of water. Moldings from both phenolated woods showed comparable flexural properties to those of moldings from commercial Novolak resin.

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37

Brischke, Christian, and Gry Alfredsen. "Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 9 (March 6, 2020): 3781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1.

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38

Merenda, Lukáš, and Jiří Holan. "The permeability of microwave treated wood for distilled water." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 1 (2008): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856010137.

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Permeability of wood is a wood property which strongly affects a process of drying wood, as well as steaming, boiling and wood impregnation. The low permeability of the most industry treated wood causes investigating the ways which increase the permeability of wood. The one of the considered methods is drying of wood with the aid microwave radiation which causes rotation and friction of water molecules, thus the temperature and the pressure inside the wood are growing up. As a result of raised pressure are crackled cell walls which makes the wood structure more permeable in transverse direction, but in longitudinal direction the wood speciemens treated with microwave radiation don’t analyse differences in the permeability in comparison with unmodified wood.

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FURUICHI, Noriyuki, Kar Hooi CHEONG, Yoshiya TERAO, Nobuyuki SUGIYAMA, Shunichiro OGAWA, Noriyuki YOSHIMURA, and Seiji TANABE. "Inter-Laboratory Comparisons of Water Flow Calibration Facilities for Wide Rage Flowrate." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 79, no. 808 (2013): 2716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.79.2716.

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40

Rawat, S. P. S., and D. P. Khali. "Clustering of water molecules during adsorption of water in wood." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36, no. 4 (March 1998): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199803)36:4<665::aid-polb12>3.0.co;2-d.

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41

Rodin, Victor V. "One- and Two-Dimensional NMR in Studying Wood–Water Interaction at Moisturizing Spruce. Anisotropy of Water Self-Diffusion." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3030054.

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Abstract:

This paper examines how wetting the surface of wood affects characteristics of wood materials. An important question is how moisturizing wood has an effect on diffusion parameters of water, which will change conditions of the technological treatment of material. A fibrous structure of wood can result in different diffusivities of water in the perpendicular direction and along the wood fibers. The work explores how 1- and 2-dimensional NMR with pulsed field gradients (PFG) highlights an anisotropic diffusion of water when moisturizing spruce wood. The methods applied: T2-relaxation (CPMG) measurements with the application of inverse Laplace transform (ILT), cross-relaxation experiments (Goldman–Shen pulse sequence), 1D PFG NMR on oriented wood pieces or applying gradients in various orientation, and 2D diffusion-diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DDCOSY) with two pairs of colinear gradient pulses. The results showed anisotropic restricted diffusion correlating the size of tracheid cells. The experimental 2D diffusion-diffusion correlation maps were compared with model calculations based on parameters of 2D experiment on spruce and the theory of 2D DDCOSY with ILT. Moisturizing spruce wood resulted in anisotropic diffusion coefficient which can be monitored in 2D NMR to discover different diffusion coefficients of water along the axis of wood fibers and in orthogonal direction.

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42

JAIN, S. K., and S. P. KURHEKAR. "Water absorption and desorption characteristics of wood." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/8.2/244-247.

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YATA, Shigeki, Shinji TAMOTO, and Takeshi TAMURA. "Water Proofing of Wood by Paraffin Wax." Wood Preservation 21, no. 3 (1995): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.21.113.

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TANAKA, Tugane, Taisei INOUE, and Nobuteru KUWAKO. "Water Based Polymer-Isocyanate Adhesive For Wood." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 1 (1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1996.1.

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Ｉｃｈｉｒｏ. "Water Based Polymer Isocyanate Adhesives for Wood." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 40, no. 7 (2004): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.40.309.

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46

Raspopov, L. N., L. N. Russiyan, Yu I. Zlobinskii, and P. E. Matkovskii. "Water resistance of dispersed wood-polyethylene composites." Polymer Science Series B 50, no. 3-4 (April 2008): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090408030044.

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Rosenfeld, Jeffrey K., and Russell H. Plumb. "Ground Water Contamination at Wood Treatment Facilities." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 11, no. 1 (February 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1991.tb00360.x.

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48

Brewis, D. M., J. Comyn, and C. Phanopoulos. "Effect of water on some wood adhesives." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(87)90054-6.

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49

Mosteiro-Romero, M., F. Vogel, and A. Wokaun. "Liquefaction of wood in hot compressed water." Chemical Engineering Science 109 (April 2014): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.12.038.

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50

Khan, Mubarak A., and K. M. Idriss Ali. "Wood-plastic composite using water soluble monomer." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 40, no. 6 (December 1992): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90206-u.

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