Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wood characteristic

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wood characteristic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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Sun, Peng, Zhi Xin Shang, Guo Sheng Gai, Cheng Bao Wu, and Yu Fen Yang. "Research on Pulverizing Characteristic of Woody Biomass by Cutting Mill." Advanced Materials Research 454 (January 2012): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.261.

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To investigate the pulverizing characteristic of wood biomass, the dried woody chip with moisture content of 0wt % were chose as the raw material, cutting mill was used to pulverize the wood biomass at different feed rates, the particle sizes (characteristic particle size and average particle size), uniformity coefficient, density, aspect ratio of wood powder and the specific energy consumption were measured, the morphology of the woody particle was observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), the pulverizing mechanism was also discussed. The results indicate that the specific energy consum
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Hajad, Makbul, Sugeng Harianto, Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, et al. "Potential and Characteristic of Biomass Pellet from Tea Plantation Wastes as Renewable Energy Alternative." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 12, no. 3 (2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v12i3.619-631.

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Tea plantation biomass wastes, such as tea plantation pruning, shade trees, and woody weeds have not been utilized. The waste can be used as renewable energy in the form of wood pellets. The problem is the feasibility of biomass waste to be used as material for making wood pellets as energy. This paper aims to analyze the potential of tea plantation biomass waste as wood pellet material to meet energy needs. The research was conducted in a tea plantation owned by the Tea and Kina Research Center (PPTK). Quantification of biomass waste potential per unit area was conducted in the plantation usi
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JHT, Admin. "VARIABILITAS SIFAT KIMIA KAYU BULAN DAN MAHANG BERDASARKAN ARAH AKSIAL." HUTAN TROPIKA 12, no. 1 (2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v12i1.39.

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ABSTRACT Wood of moon (Fagraea crenulata) and wood of mahang (Macaranga sp.) are not included the commercial timber species, therefore the knowledge regarding chemical properties of their woods are needed in order to provide information for various purposes according to their properties. The research was aimed to know chemical properties of moon wood and mahang wood. The research had been conducted at the laboratory of Forestry Department, University of Palangka Raya since February to March 2017. Research resultd showed that the solubility of moon and mahang woods in the cold water, hot water,
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Hendriyana, Hendriyana, and Yazid Hilman Maulana. "Identification of Types of Wood using Convolutional Neural Network with Mobilenet Architecture." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 1 (2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i1.1445.

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Indonesia is a wood producing with large number of forest and various type of trees in less than 4000 species of trees in Indonesia’s forest. The activity of wood identification is effort to get information about kind of wood. The identification type of wood that have similar characteristics, it is difficult to identify the right type of wood. The characteristic can be allotted to two group, general characteristic and anatomy characteristic. General characteristics can be seen directly by the senses without tools, while anatomy characteristics can be seen with tools such as loupe or microscope
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Balfas, Jamal. "A NEW APPROACH TO OIL PALM WOOD UTILIZATION FOR WOODWORKING PRODUCTION (Part 2: Wood Modification with Organic Resin)." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 5, no. 2 (2008): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2008.5.2.115-124.

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The first stage of this study has demonstrated that oil plam wood has inferior characteristics in comparison with the conventional wood, and suggested to upgarade oil palm wood quality to increase its possible use for woodworking purposes. The use of organic resin (JRP-2) has been examined in this study for improving dimensional stability, strength and machining quality of the oil palm wood. Resin treatment was conducted by frying wood samples in a hot resin solution maintained at 60-80'C. The treated samples were then oven dried to reach 10% moisture content. After conditioning, wood samp
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Kim, Kwang Mo, and Jun Jae Lee. "NDE of Decayed Wood with Ultrasonic CT." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1182.

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Recently, a new ultrasonic CT system has been developed as the NDE method suitable for wood. In this system, several characteristics related to the ultrasound traveling in the woods such as the anisotropy of woods, existence of immature woods and ultrasound diffraction in the woods are considered during image composition process. In this study, we inspected the system that had been newly developed for the decayed wood specimen. We performed the ultrasound measurements to reconstruct the CT image. And then, we verified the distributions of each characteristic in the section by measuring the moi
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Zain, Helwiyah. "PERILAKU BALOK KAYU MERANTI SEBAGAI BAHAN BANGUNAN UTAMA RUMAH TRADISIONAL ACEH." Jurnal Teknik Sipil Unaya 1, no. 1 (2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/jtsu.v1i1.6.

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The objective of this research is to get the behaviour of Meranti wood beams as a material of Aceh traditional building. The behaviour is to gain the relationship between load-deflection of wood beams test. Meranti woods are got from 6 locations of woods machinery i.e: 3 locations in the area Banda Aceh and other 3 lcations in Aceh Besar. The flexural test was used 5x7x120 cm wood beams size, and total 30 specimens.from those 6 locations. To get other supporting data, the other test was done i.e.: physical characteristic and mechanical characteristic. Physical characteristic was done with spec
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Owen, N. L., and D. W. Thomas. "Infrared Studies of “Hard” and “Soft” Woods." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 3 (1989): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202760.

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FT-IR spectra of 24 different woods have been studied with the use of whole wood pieces and a diffuse reflectance accessory. Three absorptions have been identified, the positions or relative intensities of which are characteristic of the holocellulose/lignin ratio or of the type of lignin present in the wood. These spectral features serve as useful indicators to distinguish between “soft” or “hard” woods.
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Suri, Intan Fajar, Byantara Darsan Purusatama, Seung Hwan Lee, et al. "CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE OIL-HEAT TREATED WOODS FROM TROPICAL FAST GROWING WOOD SPECIES." WOOD RESEARCH 66(3) 2021 66, no. 3 (2021): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.3.365378.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oil-heat treatment on the anatomical, physical, and chemical properties of the tropical fast-growing wood species as gmelina (Gmelinaarborea) and mindi (Melia azedarach) wood. Vessel lumen area and diameter in radial and tangential direction of both species increased with increasing temperature. The fiber lumen areas in both woods were remarkably decreased by oil-heat treatment, and the fiber wall area increased considerably with increasing temperature. Both woods tended to gain weight after heat treatment at 180°C and 200°C, and then lose weight afte
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Jankowska, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Rybak, Malgorzata Nowacka, and Piotr Boruszewski. "Insight of Weathering Processes Based on Monitoring Surface Characteristic of Tropical Wood Species." Coatings 10, no. 9 (2020): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090877.

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The main aim of the presented research was to compare the influence of selected ageing factors, such as UV radiation and complex artificial weathering methods, on the colour, wettability and roughness changes in garapa, tatajuba, courbaril and massaranduba from South America—tropical wood species that are popular for external usage in European countries. Both processes caused wood surfaces to become darker and turn to shades of brown. The highest total colour changes were shown in courbaril wood (wood with the highest extractives content). The wood surface roughness demonstrated variation, dep
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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Muhammed, Suhaimi Bin. "Preservation characteristics of Malaysian timbers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385151.

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Factors influencing the application of copper(II) and boron-based preservatives to four commercially important timbers of Malaysia viz rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis), (Koompassia malaccensis</i>), keruing (<i>Dipterocarpus</i> spp.), and dark red meranti (<i>Shorea</i> spp.) were studied. Of the four, only kempas contains a significant amount of extractives; the ethanol-soluble extract reacts with copper(II) solutions to form insoluble Cu(II) complexes. The anatomical features which might influence the penetrability of preservative were shown by optical and electron microscopy to be starch
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Hafeez, Ghazanfarah. "Dynamic Characteristics of Light-frame Wood Buildings." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36223.

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This research project deals with dynamic field testing of light-frame wood buildings with wood based shear walls. The primary objective of the investigation is to evaluate the code formula for estimating light wood frame building’s fundamental period, through intensive field testing and numerical modelling. The project also aims to propose an alternative simplified rational approach where applicable. The thesis provides insight to the ambient vibration testing procedures of light-frame wood buildings and explains the protocol adopted for the current research program. Ambient vibration (AV) fi
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Barnard, Graham. "Engineering with small roundwood : its mechanical and physical characteristics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/955/.

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Hidayat, Syarif. "Populus "androscoggin" : some wood characteristics and drying options." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7891.

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This study explored the wood properties of Populus "androscoggin" (Populus trichocarpa X Populus maximowiczii) grown in a river bed plantation near Timaru. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine some general characteristics of the tree viz. diameter over bark, diameter under bark, bark thickness, eccentricity and the diameter of heartwood. (2) to improve the quality of sawn timber by drying the timber so as to reduce the effect of tension wood and growth stresses in poplar. Thirty trees were selected for this study 15 leaning trees and 15 straight trees. The study was conducte
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Mvogo, Jean Kisito. "Regroupement mécanique par méthode vibratoire des bois du bassin du Congo." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13790/document.

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L’objet de ce travail de thèse est le regroupement des essences bois du bassin du Congo en quatre groupes en fonction de la similitude de leurs propriétés mécaniques essentielles. Le module d’élasticité (MOE), propriété indicatrice, est estimé par une méthode non destructive : l’essai vibratoire. Pour chaque classe, le fractile à 5% d’exclusion supérieur d’une propriété mécanique est calculé à partir d’une théorie clairement exposée. Le bassin du Congo est un patrimoine en danger à cause des pressions anthropiques au premier rang desquelles figure la coupe hyper sélective des essences bois. Le
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Segerholm, Kristoffer. "Characteristics of wood plastic composites based on modified wood : Moisture properties, biological performance and micromorphology." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105217.

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Biobased materials made from renewable resources, such as wood, play an important role in the sustainable development of society. One main challenge of biobased building materials is their inherent moisture sensitivity, a major cause for fungal decay, mold growth and dimensional instability, resulting in decreased service life as well as costly maintenance. A new building material known as wood-plastic composites (WPCs) has emerged. WPCs are a combination of a thermoplastic matrix and a wood component, the former is usually recycled polyethylene or polypropylene, and the latter a wood processi
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Williams, Gary E. "Relations of nesting behavior, nest predators, and nesting success of wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) to habitat characteristics at multiple scales." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2551.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 145 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Nicoll, Amy. "Downstream characteristics of in-stream wood in Wigwam Creek, Alberta." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37219.

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In this study I examined downstream patterns of wood characteristics and stand dynamics in a small basin in the Upper Foothills of Alberta. Fourteen study reaches were surveyed for wood size, orientation, position, origin and function, channel parameters including bankfull width, depth, slope and bed surface texture, and tree diameter, density and species composition of the adjacent riparian forest using the point centred quarter method. Based on geomorphic process domains, total stream power estimations and critical thresholds of change among wood attributes, I determined that wood movement b
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Nilsson, Josefin A. "Juvenile birch in Sweden : Selected stem characteristics for interior and furniture applications." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89178.

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In response to the furniture industry’s growing demand for raw material, large volumes of juvenile silver birch and downy birch stems available from pre-commercial thinning operations in Sweden’s forests could offer solutions. However, such stems are not currently used on an industrial scale, and most research conducted on birch stems in general has neither focussed on young trees nor the potential use of the central stem part around the tree pith. The resulting lack of knowledge about the juvenile part of birch wood thus requires additional information about the material properties of birch,
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Gil, Diego. "Song characteristics and sexual selection in the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15072.

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In many species of birds, males have complex song repertoires, which are used in the context of breeding. The succinct rationale of the research done in this thesis is the following paradox; assuming that song repertoires are costly to produce and store, why do males have repertoires of songs rather than a single song? A possible reason is that, if only males of good quality or in good condition are able to produce these repertoires, good quality males would outweigh the costs of the repertoire by increased benefits in mating success. I studied this issue in a population of willow warblers (Pb
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Books on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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E, Horn M., Owens J. B, Holcombe L. J, Electric Power Research Institute, Radian Corporation, and Environmental Management Services (Firm), eds. Creosote-treated wood poles and crossarms: Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) results. Electric Power Research Institute, 1992.

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Richter, Christoph. Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1.

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Murmanis, L. Surface and subsurface characteristics related to abrasive-planing conditions. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1986.

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Howard, James O. Estimators and characteristics of logging residue in California. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Rudder, Fred F. Airborne sound transmission loss characteristics of wood-frame construction. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Cudmore, R. S. Settling characteristics of wool scour liquors. WRONZ, 1991.

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Jennings, Sarah M. Valuing wood quality characteristics: A problem and methodology review. Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit, University of British Columbia, 1989.

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Manning, Glenn H. Characteristics of logging residues in the Vancouver forest region, 1981. Pacific Forestry Centre, 1986.

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Bartashevich, Aleksandr, Vladimir Onegin, Sergey Trofimov, and Sergey Gayduk. Design furniture. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1025973.

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Reviewed all types of furniture and the basic requirements to it, the history of its development, structural and style features modern furniture, basics of design engineering design. A General characteristic properties of production materials and normative-reference data necessary for the development of interiors and furniture. In detail the questions of automation of designing of furniture. Considered furniture in the interior and analyzed all aspects of engineering products for various purposes for premises of residential and public buildings.&#x0D; For students of higher educational institu
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Marcin, Thomas C. Regional variations in housing characteristics and wood products consumption for residential construction in the United States. Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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Richter, Christoph. "Wood Characteristic or Defect?" In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_2.

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Tobisch, Steffen. "Characteristic Values of Wood-Based Panels." In Wood Material and Processing Data. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38329-8_4.

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Richter, Christoph. "The Principles of Wood Characteristic Formation." In Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_215-1.

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Richter, Christoph. "The Principles of Wood Characteristic Formation." In Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_215-2.

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Richter, Christoph. "The Principles of Wood Characteristic Formation." In Tropical Forestry Handbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_215.

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Richter, Christoph. "The Anatomical Structure of Wood." In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_1.

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Richter, Christoph. "General Factors Leading to the Formation of Wood Characteristics." In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_3.

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Richter, Christoph. "Overview of the Main Wood Characteristics." In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_4.

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Richter, Christoph. "Wood Characteristics Inherent in a Tree’s Natural Growth." In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_5.

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Richter, Christoph. "Biotically Induced Wood Characteristics." In Wood Characteristics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07422-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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Straupe, Inga, Patriks Kikusts, Diana Jansone, and Aris Jansons. "VEGETATION OF SMALL-LEAVED LIME TILIA CORDATA MILL. FOREST STANDS IN LATVIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s13.43.

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Broadleaved forest distribution in Europe and in Latvia is relatively small. Small-leaved lime Tilia cordata Mill. stands are even rarer, so it is important to study and protect them, as well as to assess their biodiversity and future potential. The aim of research is to investigate and assess the vegetation in lime forest stands. In total, 12 plots have been established for long-term monitoring of lime stands. In the sample plots, the survey of growing trees, dead wood, the inventory of vegetation species and the determination of the projective cover were carried out. The natural regeneration
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Portincasa, Greg. "Coating Specialty Surfaces: Hardwoods and Composited. What’S Different?" In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2007. SSPC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2007-00073.

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Abstract As the use of alternative deck building products gains increased momentum, the need for protecting a deck’s surface remains crucial and becomes more complex. Composites and hardwoods have characteristics different from those of traditional pressure-treated wood or cedar; and methods of coating and protecting these surfaces are different from traditional treated wood, yet also essential.
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Erbasu, Ruxandra, Ioana Teodorescu, Andrei Sabau, and Daniela Tapusi. "UNSTEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF GLULAMINATED TIMBER ELEMENTS SUBJECTED TO FIRE." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s26.49.

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The paper presents the procedures of introducing the unsteady state numerical analysis domain for simulating the mechanical behavior of glue laminated timber (glulam) elements when subjected to high temperatures. For any analysis applied to characterize the fire resistance of wood, glue laminated timber implicitly, the unsteady state numerical analysis domain must be applied, considering the heat propagation, humidity percentage loss and the overall change of the mechanical characteristics of the components through a phenomenon that can be simulated as phase transformation. Behavior of glued l
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Pierce, R. R., and C. E. Semler. "Degradation/Alteration of Ceramic Lining Materials in Corrosive Environments." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86371.

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Abstract Specific cases of the degradation/alteration of ceramic lining materials in highly corrosive industrial processing environments are discussed. Examples drawn from experiences in acid production, hydrometallurgy, wood pulp plants, chemical plants, power plants and others are reviewed. Materials characteristics and engineered lining design are included in the discussion.
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Honig, David A., and W. A. Richards. "Why does wood look like wood?" In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wd3.

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Three properties of trees produce distinctive visible characteristics of wood: the cylindrical growth rings, the vertical pores, and the radial planes that compartmentalize the tree to protect it from disease or injury. Such a model of a tree was the basis for rendering a wooden surface. With this first approximation, the growth rings will appear as elliptical contours on a planar cut, streaked by dark lines that arise from the rays, and speckled by pores. These three properties of wood capture its salient visual attributes. The particular form of the ring albedo function is not important, nor
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Zlateva, Penka, Martin Ivanov, and Nevena Mileva. "Energy Characteristic Analyses of Waste Wood Pellets." In 2023 4th International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciees58940.2023.10378753.

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Oka, H., and H. Fujita. "Heating characteristic of magnetic wood by induction heating." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837223.

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Yang, Huimin, Lihai Wang, and Yumei Wang. "Signal characteristic extractio of wood defects based on wavelet packet." In Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emeit.2011.6023236.

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Batool, S., M. Nisar, F. Mangini, F. Frezza, and E. Fazio. "Mueller matrix polarimetry for differentiating characteristic features of different materials (wood, shinning steel, unpolished plastic)." In 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass51995.2021.9560489.

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Masendra, M., Ardi Nugroho, Fahmi Ryadin, et al. "Wood pellet characteristic of mixed biomass: Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), gamal (Gliricidia sepium) and coconut shell." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS: EDUCATION, THEORY & APPLICATION (ICMETA) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249374.

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Reports on the topic "Wood characteristic"

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Бєлик, Юлія Вільєвна, Василь Миколайович Савосько, and Юрій Вікторович Лихолат. Taxonomic Composition and Synanthropic Characteristic of Woody Plant Community on Petrovsky Waste Rock Dumps (Kryvorizhzhya). КДПУ, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3640.

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The study of taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics of wood species on devastated lands as a theoretical basis for the phytomelioration of environment remains relevant nowadays. It was discovered 32 species, 25 genera and 15 families in the course of the analysis of woody plant community from devastated lands of Petrovsky waste rock dumps. Among them, allochthonous species (59.38%) have an advantage over autochthonous (40.63%) according to the quantitative indicators. It was established, hemiapophytes predominate among apophytesspecies andneophytes predominate among anthropophyte
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Glass, Samuel V., Samuel L. Zelinka, Charles R. Boardman, and Emil Engelund Thybring. Promoting advances in understanding water vapor sorption in wood: relegating popular models and misconceptions. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541615744.

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Water vapor sorption is a fundamental characteristic of wood as a building material. Apart from empirical prediction, models are often used to interpret the time-dependent process of water vapor uptake (sorption kinetics) and equilibrium states of water in wood (sorption isotherms). This paper summarizes our recent investigations into measurement methods and popular models that are widely used for interpreting these physical phenomena. Commonly used criteria for determining equilibrium moisture content with the dynamic vapor sorption technique yield much larger errors than previously thought.
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Amagai, Kenji, Etsuhiro Sekiguchi, Masahiro Saito, and Masataka Arai. Combustion Characteristics of Plastic/Wood Compound Materials. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0188.

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4

McDonald, R. Evaluation of Gas, Oil and Wood Pellet Fueled Residential Heating System Emissions Characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1015127.

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5

Boisinger, Charles L. Shrubs of California's chaparral, timberland, and wood land: area, ownership, and stand characteristics. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rb-160.

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Bolsinger, Charles L. California's western juniper and pinyon-juniper woodlands: area, stand characteristics, wood volume, and fenceposts. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rb-166.

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7

Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Abstract:
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintainin
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Reis, Evan. Development of Index Buildings, (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/fudb2072.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that
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Handler, Stephen Dwight, Ann Calhoun, Greg Edge, et al. Climate change field guide for Southern Wisconsin Forests. USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8228726.ch.

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Climate change is a growing concern for Wisconsin's forests. Foresters and land managers are considering how to prepare for future conditions and evaluate risks in the woods. This field guide is a quick reference on climate change for southern Wisconsin forests. We hope it will help you consider climate change risks together with local site characteristics, and also that it will help you design adaptation actions that help meet management goals.
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Handler, Stephen Dwight, Kailey Marcinkowski, Todd (Todd A. ). Ontl, et al. Climate change field guide for Northern Wisconsin Forests. USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8228727.ch.

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Abstract:
Climate change is a growing concern for Wisconsin's forests. Foresters and landowners are considering how to prepare for future conditions and evaluate risks in the woods. This field guide is a quick reference on climate change for northern Wisconsin forests. We hope it will help foresters consider climate change risks together with local site characteristics, and also that it will help people design adaptation actions that help meet management goals.
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