Journal articles: 'Wood-engraving'

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Rāviņš, Dzintars, Imants Adijāns, Emil Yankov, and Vladislavs Bakakins. "THE IMPACT OF CO2 LASER POWER AND SCANNING SPEED ON VARIOUS WOOD AND THERMOWOOD SAMPLES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 22, 2024): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol3.8170.

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In this study, the impact of CO2 laser engraving and scanning on various types of wood before and after thermal treatment is investigated. An infrared CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10640 nm is used in the study for engraving various wood samples before and after thermal treatment at a specific processing temperature of 214°C. All samples had a similar moisture content - approximately 8%. The engraving depth and width were measured for each wood sample. The findings reveal that thermal pre-treatment exert a discernible influence on the efficacy of laser engraving, and the engraving depth is notably influenced by the particular wood species involved. Consequently, the study offers a platform for assessing the optimization of laser engraving parameters applicable to different wood types and thermally modified wood, thereby facilitating the enhancement of product quality through judicious parameter selection.

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Sugiyanto, Didik, Aep Saeful Uyun, and Dzul Mujahid Jihad. "PENGARUH JARAK DAN PANAS SINAR LASER TERHADAP HASIL ENGRAVING PADA MATERIAL KAYU MENGGUNAKAN MESIN CNC LASER DIODE." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 14, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v14i1.1036.

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Testing the effect of distance and laser beam heat on engraving results using two specimens as test materials, namely teak wood and durian wood. The testing process is to make circles and rectangles with a diameter of 20 mm which are inputted into the program followed by the engraving process. The results of the engraving are measured how many differences occur so that the results that are closest to the level of precision are obtained with variations in distance and heat in the laser beam. From the results of the distance test, it was found that durian wood has a more precise engraving accuracy with a size of 0.15-0.35mm, while for teak wood with a size of 0.2-0.4mm. With reference to the general tolerance of medium in sizes >6-30mm is 0.2mm, the best result for the use of spacing is 70mm. From the results of laser heat testing, it was found that durian wood has a more precise engraving accuracy with a size of 0.05 - 0.7mm, while for teak wood with a size of 0.1-0.8mm. With reference to the general tolerance of medium in size >6-30mm is 0.2mm and size >30-120mm is 0.3mm, the best temperature result for use is 400C with a tolerance size of 0.05mm.

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Conway, Jan. "Nineteenth Century Wood Engraving: its commercial decline." Art Libraries Journal 41, no. 4 (September 20, 2016): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2016.23.

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The use of wood engraving as a method of graphic reproduction for books, periodicals and newspapers continued for a surprisingly long time after the development of photographic methods. End-grain boxwood engraving was a truly Victorian phenomenon and an understanding of the strengths, weaknesses, versatility and limitations of this technique may perhaps best be reached through an exploration of its commercial decline. The period 1860–1900 saw a combination of competing technical, economic and aesthetic demands influencing the development of illustrative processes and eventually led to the end of commercial wood engraving. A form of engraving closer to Bewick's original interpretation of the craft re-emerged through the arts and crafts movement and the establishment of private presses during the inter-war period.

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Zhang, Lei, Qing Jian Liu, Tai Yong Wang, Hong Bin Li, and Wei Tian. "Structural Design and Improvement of Spindle in Five-Axis Wood Engraving Machine." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.200.

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In the wood engraving industry, the double swing motor spindle or the double rotation motor spindle is often used as the spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine to achieve three-dimensional sculpture. However, the rough and motor spindle may interfere with each other during machining. Hence, many small regions of rough cannot be machined. To solve this problem, an anthropomorphic double-swing-head mechanism is designed. Instead of motor spindle, the designed mechanism is used as spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine. The level of automation and machining scope of the machine are improved. The workload of subsequent artificial modification is reduced. Then, the machining efficiency and quality of wood products are enhanced, and their production costs are reduced.

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Brett, Simon. "Wood Engraving How To Do It." Art Book 2, no. 1 (January 1994): 13b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.1994.tb00335.x.

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Brett, Simon. "Wood Engraving How To Do It." Art Book 2, no. 1 (January 1995): 13b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.1995.tb00335.x.

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Lungu, Antonela, Mihai Ispas, Luminiţa-Maria Brenci, Sergiu Răcăşan, and Camelia Coşereanu. "Comparative Study on Wood CNC Routing Methods for Transposing a Traditional Motif from Romanian Textile Heritage into Furniture Decoration." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 6713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156713.

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This paper presents experimental research on the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) routing of a traditional motif collected from Ţara Bârsei (Transylvania region) using two methods, namely, engraving (Engrave) and carving (V-Carve). The analysis of the CNC router processes includes the calculation of the path lengths, an assessment of the processing time and wood mass loss, and an evaluation of the tool wearing by investigating the tool cutting edge on a Stereo Microscope NIKON SMZ 18 before and after processing the ornament on wood. An aesthetic evaluation of the ornament routed on wood, using both the engraving and carving methods, is also conducted, whilst a microscopic analysis of the processed areas highlights the defects that occurred on the wood surface depending on the tool path.

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Liu, Ying, Bin Li Gou, and Zhao Jun Xu. "Design the Economical Engraving Machine for Wood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.768.

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Nowadays with the improvement of people’s lives in China, furniture industry has a sustainable development. Different kinds of engraving machines are required to design and manufacture. This paper is to give the example of the process for designing the economical engraving machine. Firstly, take the DK5040 as an example, the need was supplied and the main design parameters were given. Secondly, to complete the quick design, the architecture of the CAD/CAM system was established, which had B/S structure. The five function modules were introduced. So designers and producers could do different work in different places to make the best of resources. Thirdly, using the system, the overall design and key parts design could be finished, and the initial model could be submitted quickly. Furthermore, rapid prototyping (RP) was used to verify complicated design. In a word, to design the economical engraving machine for wood, use similar template to draw the new 3D model, and use RP technology to check the assembly and detailed design, this would reduced the design cost, ensure the drawing quality, and shorten the design cycle.

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Gowda, Nithin. "Fabrication of Portable Pantograph for Wood Engraving." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32119.

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Rathod, Vipul. "Experimental Analysis and Process Parameter Optimization of Wooden Material on Wood Router." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 4131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60827.

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Abstract: The area of customize design gave rise to different machines. Wood engraving or wood router machine is one of the development which can be used to perform operations like drilling, engraving, cutting etc on materials like wood, plastics, acrylics, PCB board etc. This paper discusses the effect of variable factors like spindle speed, feed rate and thickness of material on surface roughness and surface roundness of engraved surface. To calculate roundness or circularity of engraved surface coordinate measuring machine Zeiss Contura G2 is used that has least count of 0.0019 mm. For calculating roughness surface roughness tester MITITOYO SJ 210 is used that has least count of 0.0019 mm. It is found that machine shows 99.8% accuracy for diameter and 99.4% accuracy for height achieved.

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Bakumenko, Vitalii M. "Creative Destiny of the Artist A. Kravchenko." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 2 (April 18, 2011): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2011-0-2-77-80.

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The paper is about the outstanding Russian artist A. Kravchenko, who left an enormous artistic legacy. He went down in history of book graphics and bookplates of the 20th century as a creator of unique style of wood engraving, which characterized by a remarkably picturesque and poetic interpretation of the world literature images. The artist was also a great teacher, who trained a galaxy of his followers in the art of wood engraving, which made a significant contribution to the book art and bookplates of our time. Some of his students have risen to international fame.

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Moore, P. G. "Eric Fitch Daglish (1892–1966): naturalist, illustrator, author and editor." Archives of Natural History 38, no. 2 (October 2011): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2011.0031.

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Eric Fitch Daglish (1892–1966) was a naturalist by inclination, a free-lance author and editor in business and, by practice, a wood-engraver of high repute. Taught wood-engraving skills by Paul Nash, he was a close friend also of other famous engravers (John Nash, Eric Gill) within the Society of Wood Engravers. He applied these skills to illustrating his own books for popular audiences on topics ranging from flowers to birds, beasts and the English countryside. Fluent in German, he translated books from that language to supplement his income in the years succeeding the First World War. He is perhaps best known for his bird books: Woodcuts of British birds, The life story of birds and Birds of the British Isles, but was also a prolific writer about dogs. His oeuvre is examined, and his contribution compared with other contemporary bird artists who embraced wood-engraving techniques. A bibliography of his natural history works as author and as editor is included.

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Kúdela, Jozef, Ivan Kubovský, and Michal Andrejko. "Surface Properties of Beech Wood after CO2 Laser Engraving." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010077.

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The paper deals with the properties of a beech wood surface treated by CO2 laser engraving. The studied concerns were the discoloration, changes to morphology assessed through roughness and waviness parameters, and surface wetting with standard liquids (water and diiodomethane), with the aim of determining the wood surface free energy. The results have confirmed that the studied properties of the beech wood surface varied significantly, which were affected by the laser beam power P and raster density n. With increasing P and n, the lightness L* (expressed in CIE L*a*b* color space) decreased significantly. We also observed significant variation in the color coordinates a* and b*. At 8% laser power, the roughness and waviness parameters measured parallel as well as perpendicular to the grain increased proportionally with the increasing raster density. However, 4% laser power was not associated with distinct changes. Increasing the raster density reduced beech wood surface wetting equally with water and with diiodomethane. This was reflected in the higher contact angle values. The wood surface exhibited higher hydrophobicity at 4% laser power. At this power, the increasing raster density was reflected in the decreasing surface free energy, due to its polar component decrease. At 8% laser power, the changes in surface free energy were very minor from the practical viewpoint. The results suggest a potential good adhesion between film-forming materials and wood. However, the gluing performance may be negatively affected by the high roughness attained at 8% laser power and at higher raster densities.

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ZADNIPRYANY, Gennady. "SEARCH FOR ARTISTIC SOLUTIONS IN THE EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE ENGRAVING." ART Space 1, no. 4 (2024): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2519-4135.2024.46.

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The article examines the search for artistic solutions in the European engraving of the Renaissance. The technological, aesthetic and social reasons for the emergence of this new art form are considered. The difference between edge and incisal engraving techniques on wood and metal is highlighted. The main features and mannerisms of famous masters of various national schools of reproduction, creative and book engraving are described. Engraving on the territory of Europe arose at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. It had its own technological prototypes that existed before. For xylography, these are stamps-seals and punches, for engraving - the craft of jewelers, for etching – the skill of gunsmiths. But, like a print on paper of an image cut on a special board or etched on a metal plate, it appears only in our time. This coincided with the collapse of the medieval highly synthetic type of art, the growing desire for a more visually accurate depiction of nature, interest in a scientific perspective, secular themes. Unlike painting, engraving took on the qualities of symbolism and abstraction. In addition, engraving differs from other types of fine art by a special quality – circulation. In the second half of the 15th century, books appeared with illustrations showing various tools or the structure of the Solar System, the specifics of certain plants, and city views. The circulation of the engraving contributed to the rapid and convenient distribution of the nobility. This continued until the middle of the 19th century, when photography and photomechanics appeared, which in many ways replaced engraving [4]. But until that moment, thanks to its ability to reproduce, engraving itself can be considered one of the tools for expanding knowledge. Today, in the era of digital technologies, interest in traditional engraving techniques does not disappear. Studying and rethinking the achievements of previous periods makes it possible to expand the expressive means of artistic works.

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Bluemel, Kristin. "Rural Modernity and the Wood Engraving Revival in Interwar England." Modernist Cultures 9, no. 2 (October 2014): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2014.0085.

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‘Rural Modernity and the Wood Engraving Revival in Interwar England’ brings analysis of a specific kind of visual-verbal text, wood-engraved books about the English countryside, and the means of these texts' production, to bear upon debates over rural modernity -what is it, where is it, who owns it-in order to more thoroughly engage literary and arts scholars in debates over the meaning of modernity for rural England and rural England for modernity. Framed by analysis of the work of social historians and cultural critics of rural England and ‘Englishness’, it takes as its supporting case studies two mass-marketed books: A. G. Street's Farmer's Glory (1932), with wood engravings by Gwen Raverat, and Francis Brett Young's Portrait of a Village (1937), with wood engravings by Joan Hassall. I argue that these and other books with wood engravings have a special story to tell about the relation of this interwar ‘flood’ of printed matter to rural England, serving as uniquely productive meeting places for interwar writers, illustrators, publishers, and readers to participate in the paradoxical crisis of England's rural depression and modernisation.

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Lungu, Antonela, Maria Cristina Timar, Emanuela Carmen Beldean, Sergiu Valeriu Georgescu, and Camelia Coşereanu. "Adding Value to Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) Wood Furniture Surfaces by Different Methods of Transposing Motifs from Textile Heritage." Coatings 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101393.

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The present paper is part of an ongoing research project carried out to find methods to transpose traditional motifs from Romanian textile heritage to furniture ornamentation, as an additional method of preserving the motifs besides conventional conservation. Modern technology, such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) routing or laser engraving can revive furniture ornamentation, eliminating manual labor and long execution time. Three methods were applied to transpose a bicolored motif from a traditional Romanian blouse from Transylvania onto the surface of maple wood furniture. The first method utilized was nitrogen laser engraving, in which ten power settings between 10 W and 150 W were applied and color measurements were carried out on the resulting engraved surfaces. Following the International Commission on Illumination (CIELab) system analysis, two laser power settings were selected to engrave the ornament on a maple wood surface for an accurate reproduction. The second method employed a staining solution applied on flat wood surface, followed by routing the model on a CNC machine and further coating with lacquer. The third method consisted of CNC routing the model on the wood surface, then coloring the engraved ornament followed by surface sanding to remove color from the flat wood surface and, finally, lacquering. The ornaments transposed onto maple wood surfaces were aesthetically assessed, the technologies were analyzed, and the details of the processed ornaments were highlighted by Stereo Microscope investigation. The conclusions showed that each method adds value to the wood surface by original ornamentation and can be applied as furniture decoration.

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Qu, Chenkai, Meilan Lu, Ziyan Zhang, Shangbi Chen, Dewen Liu, Dawei Zhang, Jing Wang, and Bin Sheng. "Flexible Microstructured Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using Laser Engraving and Graphitization from Natural Wood." Molecules 28, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 5339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145339.

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In recent years, laser engraving has received widespread attention as a convenient, efficient, and programmable method which has enabled high-quality porous graphene to be obtained from various precursors. Laser engraving is often used to fabricate the dielectric layer with a microstructure for capacitive pressure sensors; however, the usual choice of electrodes remains poorly flexible metal electrodes, which greatly limit the overall flexibility of the sensors. In this work, we propose a flexible capacitive pressure sensor made entirely of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) derived from wood. The capacitive pressure sensor consisted of a flexible LIG/TPU electrode (LTE), an LIG/TPU electrode with a microhole array, and a dielectric layer of TPU with microcone array molded from a laser-engraved hole array on wood, which provided high sensitivity (0.11 kPa−1), an ultrawide pressure detection range (20 Pa to 1.4 MPa), a fast response (~300 ms), and good stability (>4000 cycles, at 0–35 kPa). We believe that our research makes a significant contribution to the literature, because the easy availability of the materials derived from wood and the overall consistent flexibility meet the requirements of flexible electronic devices.

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Wagnerova, Renata, Martin Jurek, Jiri Czebe, and Jan Gebauer. "A Method for Measuring the Quality of Graphic Transfer to Materials with Variable Dimensions (Wood)." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 6030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166030.

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The transfer of graphics to a product’s surface is a widely known technology. Printing, engraving, and etching are used every day in production processes with countless types of materials. This paper deals with quality control for laser engraving on surfaces with variable dimensions via optical sensors. The engraving process, apart from colour changes, can induce volume and moisture changes, which lead to dimension changes in some materials. Natural materials and biomaterials are among the ones most affected. Combined with the porous and inhomogeneous structure of such a material, it can be difficult to measure the quality of graphic transfer, especially for shaded products. The quality control of laser-engraved photographs on thin layers of wood veneer was selected as a suitable problem to solve. A complex method for the quality measurement of the specified production was designed and tested. We used an affine transformation to determine the system behaviour and to determine the transfer function of material changes during the production process. Moreover, there is a possibility to compensate the image deformation of the engraved product.

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Açik, Cebrail. "Modeliranje dizajna boje površine namještaja CNC laserskom modifikacijom." Drvna industrija 74, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0096.

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Today, handcrafted furniture surface treatment techniques are less used due to application difficulties and high costs. Recently, the use of CNC router processing machines has resulted in a revival of these techniques. However, since this method is insufficient in micro-processes and color modifications that require precision, these processes have started to be performed with lasers. In this research, the beech wood surface was processed using a CNC laser processing machine with a carbon dioxide gas tube by applying different engraving power and engraving speeds. Product design and manufacturing parameters were determined in the CIE L*a*b* color system using the regression modeling method. A sample application was made by applying laser engraving to a furniture surface designed according to the obtained parameters. As a result of the study, it has been explained that using L* color group regression modeling method and CAD/CAM supported laser technology in furniture top surface color design processes is suitable for industrial engineering approach. It has been determined that many surface color design techniques can be applied with laser to furniture designed for CNC laser production.

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Bangse, K., A. Wibolo, and I. K. E. H. Wiryanta. "Design and fabrication of a CNC router machine for wood engraving." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1450 (February 2020): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012094.

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Mule, Prof J. B., Rohan Ramesh Ukirade, Manish Santosh Hingmire, and Kishor Navnath Patil. "Arduino CNC Hot Wire Cutter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58111.

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Abstract: In this project, it is intended to make the mechanical design of 3 axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) router with linear joints, production of electronic control interface cards and drivers and manufacturing of CNC router system which is a combination of mechanics and electronics. At the same time, interface program has been prepared to control router via USB. The router was developed for educational purpose. Design and Development of portable 3-Axis CNC router machine based on microcontroller which was used to reduce cost and complexity of the bulky sized engraving machine. This machine can be used for engraving, cutting, reaming, marking, drilling and milling on wood, acrylic, and PCB materials. Part programming of the required component to be manufactured was done with the help of image processing.

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Kúdela, Jozef, Michal Andrejko, and Ivan Kubovský. "The Effect of CO2 Laser Engraving on the Surface Structure and Properties of Spruce Wood." Coatings 13, no. 12 (November 26, 2023): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122006.

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This work appraises the influence of CO2 laser irradiation on mass loss, morphology, chemical changes and discolouration of spruce wood surfaces. The amount of energy applied to the surface was expressed as the total irradiation dose, which was demonstrated to have a strong impact on increasing wood weight loss. Along with increasing mass loss, surface roughness also increased, resulting from the differences in density between the early wood and late wood. The evaluated roughness parameters increased linearly with increasing irradiation dose and mass loss. At the maximum irradiation dose, the Ra parameter value parallel to the fibre direction showed a 6-fold increase; perpendicular to the grain, the increase was as much as 33.5-fold. Similar differences were also observed for the parameter Rz. At the lowest laser power and the lowest raster density, the engraved spruce wood surface exhibited some evidence of discolouration (ΔE* ≅ 9). An additional increase in the amount of supplied energy clearly resulted in a novel surface colour compared to the original (ΔE* = 12). The chemical analysis of the wood surface revealed that the discolouration was mainly caused by heat-induced cleavage of C=O groups in the lignin and hemicellulose structures. Part of these structures (so-called chromophores) are responsible for the natural colour of the wood as well as for colour changes caused by engraving. The detected dependences of the wood mass loss and colour values on the total radiation dose are the basis for achieving targeted modifications of spruce wood surfaces using a laser beam.

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Leone, C., V. Lopresto, and I. De Iorio. "Wood engraving by Q-switched diode-pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YAG green laser." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 2009): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2008.06.019.

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Reinprecht, Ladislav, and Zuzana Vidholdová. "The Impact of a CO2 Laser on the Adhesion and Mold Resistance of a Synthetic Polymer Layer on a Wood Surface." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020242.

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In the wood industry, laser technologies are commonly applied for the sawing, engraving, or perforation of solid wood and wood composites, but less knowledge exists about their effect on the joining and painting of wood materials with synthetic polymer adhesives and coatings. In this work, a CO2 laser with irradiation doses from 2.1 to 18.8 J·cm−2 was used for the modification of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst) wood surfaces—either in the native state or after covering them with a layer of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) or polyurethane (PUR) polymer. The adhesion strength of the phase interface “synthetic polymer—wood”, evaluated by the standard EN ISO 4624, decreased significantly and proportionately in all the laser modification modes, with higher irradiation doses leading to a more apparent degradation and carbonization of the wood adherent or the synthetic polymer layer. The mold resistance of the polymers, evaluated by the standard EN 15457, increased significantly for the less mold-resistant PVAc polymer after its irradiation on the wood adherent. However, the more mold-resistant PUR polymer was able to better resist the microscopic fungi Aspergillus niger Tiegh. and Penicillium purpurogenum Stoll. when irradiation doses of higher intensity acted firstly on the wood adherent.

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Shin, Eunjae. "Engraving of Avataṃsaka Sutra Woodblock Translated by Buddhabhadra and It’s Succession in Haeinsa(海印寺)." Korean Journal of Art History 314 (June 30, 2022): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/kjah.314.202206.002.

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This paper analyzes the characteristics of the so-called "Suchangpan" and it’s succession. In Haeinsa, there remains the wood block, “Suchangpan” made in 1098. The hinge wasn’t used in “Suchangpan”, there was a pronunciation at the end of the volume, the bottom had a rough engraving, and the index was described in the first of the volume. Based on these characteristics, as a result of analyzing the 35th edition of Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock Translated by Buddhabhadra in Haeinsa, it was confirmed that two of the 35th edition were “Suchangpan”, and the 26th edition was likely to be ones.Meanwhile, through the analysis of engraver, the shape of the wood block, and the presence of some letters of Tripitaka Koreana in back side of Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock translated by Buddhabhadra, it was confirmed that the three edition of Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock(Saganpan) was engraved at least 5 years earlier than the year, 1237 when the Tripitaka Koreana began to engraveThe Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock(Saganpan) translated by Buddhabhadra in Haeinsa, was a reprint of the Suchangpan, and Tripitaka Koreana was a reprint of Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock in Haeinsa. Haeinsae, a Huayan temple, has been a major engraving site of Avatamsaka Sutra Woodblock since the end of the 11th century, which lasted until the 13th century when Tripitaka Koreana was produced.

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Kareem, Assit Lect Dr Nardeen Radha. "Engraving, Brocade And Decoration In The Poetry Of Lisan Aldeen Ben Al-Khatedeb." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i1.373.

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This research tackles the engraving, brocade and decoration in the poetry of LisanAldeen ben Al-Khatedeb. Engravingis in the marble or wood. While on the other handbrocade is on leather or clothes in general and others. Most of the poems of LisanAldeen ben Al-Khatedeb in that poetic topic. They were LisanAldeen ben Al-Khatedeb engraved in the walls of palaces and domes and the bowls of water. Some of which arebrocaded in the swords holders or the tables and clothes

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Gusts, Artis Stanislavs, and Imants Adijāns. "OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS FOR LASER MARKING AND ENGRAVING ON PLYWOOD AND PINE WOOD MATERIALS." HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, no. 25 (April 23, 2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2021.25.6795.

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This publication shows the results of CO2 laser marking and engraving on plywood and pine materials at different speeds and powers. Plywood and pine materials were marked and engraved with four different speed and seven different power ratios. Marked and engraved line depth was measured for these materials. In this publication used SUNTOP CC-9060 CO2 laser machine and OLYMPUS OLS5000 laser microscope.

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Alekseev, V. A., A. V. Usoltseva, and V. P. Usoltsev. "Investigation of Surface Quality of Industrial Products Made of Wood at Laser Engraving." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 14, no. 4 (January 30, 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2016-4-48-53.

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Bluemel, Kristin. "“A Happy Heritage”: Children’s Poetry Books and the Twentieth-Century Wood Engraving Revival." Lion and the Unicorn 37, no. 3 (2013): 207–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/uni.2013.0029.

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Hoolihan, Christopher. "Wood Engraving and the Illustration of American Surgical Texts during the Nineteenth Century." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 15, no. 2 (October 1998): 351–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.15.2.351.

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Gurau, Lidia, Adrian Petru, Anca Varodi, and Maria Cristina Timar. "The influence of CO2 laser beam power output and scanning speed on surface roughness and colour changes of beech (Fagus sylvatica)." BioResources 12, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 7395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.7395-7412.

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The literature provides very little information about engraving or decorating wood using a laser beam. No study was found that considers the surface roughness of wood after such treatments. This paper therefore aimed to find the influence of varying the laser power output and scanning speed of a CO2 laser beam on the surface roughness and colour of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) for aesthetic applications such as decorative drawing. Laser power outputs from 5.6 to 6.8 W were tested in combination with scanning speeds from 100 to 500 mm/s. The surface roughness was assessed with a robust filter and by following measuring and evaluation recommendations from previous research to reduce the bias from the wood anatomy. The surface roughness measured by a series of roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, Rt, Rk, Rpk, Rvk) and total colour difference DE increased with laser power and decreased with scanning speed. A good correlation was found between surface roughness and wood colour change. Such correlations can be useful for selecting the laser power-scanning speed combinations capable of giving the chosen colour change at a minimum surface roughness.

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Li, Yishuai. "Soviet engravings and the Chinese writer Lu Xun." Культура и искусство, no. 3 (March 2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.3.32397.

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This article analyzes the relations between the Chinese writer Lu Xun and Soviet engravings. Lu Xun is attributed to one of the most prominent Chinese literary figures of the past century. His significant contribution to the development of culture also consists in the fact that in the 1930’s he collected, edited and published a substantial amount of Soviet engravings. This is why his is known in China as the “Founder of the collection of wood engravings”. The article represents an cross-disciplinary research in the field of art history, culturology and literature, particular in the area of history of Soviet art and Chinese literature. The research elucidates the key milestones of life path of Lu Xun, associated with the increase of cultural level of Chinese young students through familiarization of majority of the population with Soviet engraving. However, his relations with the Soviet art, and namely Soviet engraving, are insufficiently covered. The article talks about the forgotten achievements in the area of Soviet arts in China.

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Rusdiyantoro, Rusdiyantoro. "DESIGN OF WOODWOOD MACHINERY USING ROUTER." Tibuana 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.1.1.1584.6-14.

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The art of carving or engraving ornament is the image with certain parts, usually concave, convex or flat, patterned and has a motive. Sculpture can be formed pictures on wood, acrylic, or other materials. In making this product a design researcher perform analysis or potential problems that occur with experiments in doing a good carving designs are done by hand or automatically The definition is a prototype assessment products through on eor more dimensions of concern. In the process of making utensils or equipment requires some work benchesare wont to do in the workshop in general. After the finished product made testing will be conducted experiments in order to know the performance of the products. Testing is carried out using a sample design engraving. The concept of design and manufacture of the products is a bigpart of engineering Activities. This activity starts with he obtained perceptions about human needs, which are then followed by the concept, then designing, developing and refining the product, ending with the manufacture of the product

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Bakumenko, Vitalii M. "The Name from the Encyclopedia “Book” (Memory of A. Kravtsov)." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 3 (May 24, 2010): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2010-0-3-78-80.

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The article is devoted to outstanding artist Gershon A. Kravtsov, a pupil and associate of V. Favorsky, the creator of graphic art school of new time. G. Kravtsov entered the history of book graphics and exlibris of the last century as a celebrated pioneer, a creator of special style in the art of wood engraving. The author pinpoints the main stages of the creative way of the great master and his rich public activities, describes the significant contribution of the artist to gold fund of exlibris art of the 20th century.

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Pandey, Anjali. "WOOD CRAFT OF BIHAR AND UTTAR PRADESH –A SURVEY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2834.

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The tradition of wood carving is old. Wood craft is quite popular in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Craftsmen of these states are using their skill for making the designs in traditional and innovative way. A unique engraving creativity of ‘Nakkashi work’ appears with floral and figures etched out by the craftsmen. Lacquer work is obviously one of the major handicrafts of these regions. Various motifs of birds, peacock, fish, carved on the wood, appeals the viewers. The items made out of bamboo and wood are crafted in the shapes of birds, human figures and animals. Figures of Gods and Goddesses, animals and many mythological figures are crafted by the local craftsmen. The dolls, peacocks, parrots, elephants, horses, goats, bulls and cows are the repertoire of rural children. Uttar Pradesh is world known for its carved and brass inlayed or tarkashi wooden handicrafts. The craftsmen of Saharanpur are excelled in the art of inlayed wood work it is now widely used to decorate the centre-table, ash-trays, fruit-basket, service tray and other furniture articles etc. Varanasi and Amroha are particularly well known for lacquered woodcraft of UP. Numbers of lacquered toys, miniature kitchen utensils for children are made in this state.

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Nugraha, H., F. B. Leksono, and D. Angelina. "Improving the visual impressions of wood-based craft products through two-dimensional engraving of patterns." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012006.

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Abstract Small enterprises in product craft bases are considered to be more resilient in facing the challenges of the current pandemic condition, despite a decline in income during the pandemic’s peak. Craft products are one of the sub-sectors of the creative economy that has a contributor to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Competition occurs between the producers of these crafts products where the makers present products that show aesthetic value and elements of the product’s function. Craft products always put forward a stunning visual appearance so that the product is in demand and purchased by consumers. To struggle with the increasingly fierce competition, the quality of visual impressions that are continuously generated must be established. This research focuses on attempts to improve the visual appearance that has the impact of presenting the aesthetics of craft products by using a two-dimensional engraving approach. The engravings are processed using a sandblasting technique. The study process used a pre-experimental design approach, and the results of the improving visual impressions were evaluated using a questionnaire step which was analyzed using factor analysis. The study results show a positive response to changes in visual perceptions, indicating an increased aesthetic perception that is better than the previous craft products. The final study shows that applying two-dimensional engraving patterns on craft products effectively improves visual and aesthetic impressions.

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BEEGAN, G. "The Mechanization of the Image: Facsimile, Photography, and Fragmentation in Nineteenth-Century Wood Engraving." Journal of Design History 8, no. 4 (January 1, 1995): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/8.4.257.

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Lungu, A., L. Gurău, S. Georgescu, and C. Coşereanu. "Computer-aided methods for furniture decoration with traditional motifs of textile heritage." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1235, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1235/1/012041.

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Abstract The present paper introduces computer-aided methods for the transposition of ornaments inspired from the textile heritage into the surface furniture decoration. Using digital technology, the furniture industry may bring into modern life the traditional motifs, contributing thus to the preservation of the cultural heritage from the region Ţara Bârsei, located in Transylvania. Two motifs inspired by the traditional costumes from South-Eastern Transylvania were digitized using CorelDraw software. They were imported in AutoCAD and the information was transferred both to CNC router and laser equipment. The CNC routing of ornaments was simulated with two types of tools and two processing methods (engraving and carving) using CAD-CAM-CAE software and the models were afterward processed on wood panels by CNC router and laser equipment and then visually analysed, concluding which method and tool is suitable for each type of ornament, so to transpose better the original motif on furniture wood surface.

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Salam, Abdul, Muhammad Iswar, Muhammad Rifaldi, Sumantri Malik, and Kurniawan Putra. "Rancang Bangun Mesin CNC Router Mini Untuk Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 17, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i2.2077.

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The aims of this research are accelerate finishing time and improve the accuracy of manufacture of the engraved contour products on work pieces such as soft metals, acrylics, and wood. Methods of these researches were designed, manufacture, and experimented based on work of the machine. Components of the mini CNC router machine are designed by autodesk inventor software, its dimensions 60 x 60 cm. Furthermore, the calculation and selection of materials, manufacture of machine components, calibrated by mach3mill software and testing the performance of the engine in the three-axis movement mode; manual mode, MDI, and automatic third axis X, Y, and Z using the NC program. The results obtained show the accuracy and precision of the three X, Y and Z axis trajectories according to the permissible tolerance values, 0.01 mm, 0.01 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. The suitability of the program made and the machining results on the contour of the workpiece engraving do not show significant deviations, 0.1 mm for the X and Y axis, and 0.3 mm for the Z axis. Making engraving products on workpieces by using a CNC Router machine is faster and more efficient than manual manufacturing. Research output of this CNC router machine will be used in the practicum jobs for the NC basic programming practice course

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Isahak, Muhammad Reduan, Raja Nafida Raja Shahminan, and Fadhlina Ahmad@Taufik. "ENHANCEMENT WOOD CARVING IN PRODUCING PREMIUM PRODUCT." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 27 (March 8, 2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727005.

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Engraving is a process of sculpting, carving and scratching a pattern. In ancient times the art of wood carving became a symbol of status of noble and courtiers. According to Halim Nasir (1986) the courtiers and sultans became patrons to revive the glory of wood carving. This shows that wood carving is high dignity. The Malays emphasizes every work of art and is designed by the soul attempts to communicate with the public in feel, thinking and interpretations, (Nazzri, 2016). However, the price of traditional wood carving product is too high and difficult to educate the public to love wood carving products. The discrepancy between the two modern and traditional industries makes the development of sculpture difficult to compete with modern products. Besides that, wood carving is also used at will in its placement in the design. This study will lead to several main objectives among which is to know the issues faced by these two industries and know the correct placement of carving in the design so as not to violate its philosophy and ethics. Methodology of the study is using interview data and ethnography with master craft. This research and development will involve ten members of timber manufacturing company around Malaysia which is from modern and traditional timber product companies. This research was conducted for 5 days from 14th -18th October 2020 in Temerloh, Pahang. Through this research found three mains issue they facing in order to preserve the wood carving and culture in product and design. The traditional wood carving can be applied on furniture or equipment and preserve the philosophy trough educate the modern practitioner and involvement of ‘pandai kayu’. The application of heritage in the first phase is very important so that it reaches the community indirectly and is not considered outdated.

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Jenkins, Paul, and Thomas Theye. "Further Consideration of Two Photographs Ascribed to Christian Hornberger." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171917.

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Two reactions to the essay on the earliest generation of missionary photographers in West Africa published earlier in HA set up trains of thought which deserve to be minuted here as a further contribution to our praxis with images of Africa in the nineteenth century. It was pointed out by two readers of the original article that a pair of the images which, it had been asserted (104), derive from the last phase of Hornberger's photographic work, were published very early on in a non-mission context: that of three women spinning and that of one man weaving (figures 1 and 2 below).Both images exist as photographs, as stereographic vintage prints. Both were also published as wood engravings in mission periodicals (figures 3 and 4). Two readers of the original essay have pointed out that these images were conflated into a single engraving on page 211 of Richard Oberländer's Westafrika vom Senegal bis Benguela (Leipzig, 1874). In this image (figure 5), however, only two members of the group of spinning women are depicted, placed separately in the foreground, one on each side of the weaver. It is an ironic reflection on the quality of the documentation we have to fear in this field that Oberländer's caption—“Spinnende und webende Aschanti. (Nach einer Photographie)”—asserts specifically that the engraving was taken “from a photograph,” using the singular form.

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Stevens, Bethan. "Wood engraving as ghostwriting: the Dalziel Brothers, losing one's name, and other hazards of the trade." Textual Practice 33, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 645–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2017.1365756.

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Suckovs, Ilja, Raitis Rudziss, and Edgars Zaicevs. "CO2 LASER HEAD NOZZLE FLOW ANALYSIS AND MODERNIZATION." HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, no. 25 (April 23, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2021.25.6799.

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With the passage of time and the development of technology, more applications are found in CNC controls with CO2 laser equipment. Laser machines with a CO2 source are increasingly distributed in woodworking and synthetic materials processing. Laser equipment makes it possible to produce high-quality and geometrically accurate products. The quality of the surface to be processed is directly related to the air flow intensity, which prevents sublimated particles burn to processed surface. The aim of the study is to increase air flow intensity by upgrading the internal design of the head nozzle. Simulations are created for modernized head nozzle that help to analyze the resulting data. Cutting and engraving is performed for wood material in working range for the head nozzle tests.

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Maidment, Brian. "The Gallery of Comicalities: Graphic Humour, Wood-Engraving, and the Development of the Comic Magazine, 1820–1841." Victorian Periodicals Review 50, no. 1 (2017): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2017.0010.

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Ngoc, Doan Minh. "Some Characteristics and Trends of Wood Engraving Paintings in Ho Chi Minh City from 1986 to Now." Art and Design Review 11, no. 02 (2023): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/adr.2023.112012.

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Miralay, Fatma. "Türk Halk Kültüründe El Sanatlarının Önemi: Kıbrıs Örneği / The Importance of Handicrafts in Turkish Folk Culture: The Case of Cyprus." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, no. 5 (December 31, 2018): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i5.1607.

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AbstractHandicrafts are one of the essential elements of Cypriot Turkish folk culture. The cultural diversity of Cyprus Island due to the fact that it was home to various cultures in different times reflected to the handicrafts as well. Handicrafts in Cyprus have mostly taken place for usage and commercial purposes in historical process; however, in modern times they are used as decorative objects. Handicrafts carry local features in the maintaining of traditions of Cypriot Turkish people and the sustainability of the values of Turkish culture. Rich in usage, make and material, Cypriot Turkish handicrafts can be generally examined under the titles of embroidery and wood engraving. Examples of embroidery or cotton weaving include Lefkara work, Lapta work, Koza work and needle lace. Dowry chest and geotextile are the most well-known examples of Cypriot Turkish wood engraving. All of the foregoing are important cultural elements of Cypriot Turkish identity. This paper examines the characteristic features of handicrafts belonging to Cypriot Turkish folk culture in technical and material terms; it also aims at revealing its place and importance in Cypriot Turkish social and cultural life.ÖzEl sanatları Kıbrıs Türk halk kültürünün önemli unsurların bir tanesidir. Kıbrıs Adasının farklı dönemlerde çeşitli kültürlere ev sahipliği yapmış olmasından kaynaklanan kültür çeşitliliği el sanatlarına da yansımıştır. Kıbrıs’ta el sanatları, tarihsel süreçte büyük ölçüde kullanım ve ticari amaçlı yer alırken, modern zamanlarda dekoratif obje olarak kullanılmıştır. Kıbrıs Türk halkının geleneklerinin sürdürülmesi ve Türk kültürü değerlerinin yaşatılmasında, el sanatları yöresel özellikler taşımaktadır. Kullanım, yapım ve malzeme açısından zengin olan Kıbrıs Türk el sanatları, genel olarak Nakış ve Ahşap Oymacılık başlıkları altında incelenebilir. Lefkara İşi, Lapta işi, Koza işi ve İğne Danteli nakış veya pamuklu dokuma türlerine örnek gösterilebilir. Çeyiz sandığı ve sesta işçilikleri (bitkisel örücülük) Kıbrıs Türk ahşap oymacılığının en iyi bilinen örnekleridirler. Tüm bunlar Kıbrıs Türk kimliğinin önemli kültürel unsurlarıdırlar. Bu araştırma, Kıbrıs Türk halk kültürüne ait el sanatlarının teknik ve malzeme açısından karateristik özelliklerinin incelenmesini ayrıca, Kıbrıs Türk sosyal ve kültürel yaşamındaki yeri ve önemini ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir.

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Dobraszczyk, Paul. "Sewers, Wood Engraving and the Sublime: Picturing London's Main Drainage System in the Illustrated London News, 1859-62." Victorian Periodicals Review 38, no. 4 (2005): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2006.0005.

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J, Anil Kumar, Wilson Dsouza, and Rajat Kumar. "Design of CNC Machine Based Laser Engraver with Arduino UNO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46249.

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Abstract: Now a day’s technology is increased in rapid growth the usage and implementation of CNC system in industries and colleges but at greater cost. According to our idea on fabrication of compact and cheap cost CNC Engraver is introduced to reduce complexity, cost and manpower. This paper discusse the design and implementation of two dimensional CNC routerwhich can engrave 2D & Gray scaled images or pictures with help of high watt burning laser module on surface which can be a paper, wood, leather, plastic, foam. This paper proposes the technique used to develop a Computer Numeric Controlled Laser Engraver. The specialty of this machine is the user can modification the tool simply whenever he/she desires to perform several operations like an engraving object (Materials-Acrylic, MDF board, Foam sheets, etc.,) and conjointly turn out a 2D drawing for specific object in A5 size sheet.

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Wijaya, Dewa Kusuma, Tita Talitha, and Nur Alfathan Banoel. "Optimasi Proses Engraving Kayu Mahoni dengan Mata Pahat Conical 3 mm pada Mesin CNC Router G-Weike WK1212 Menggunakan Metode Full Factorial Design dan Optimasi Plot Multi Respon." SAINTEK : Jurnal Ilmiah Sains dan Teknologi Industri 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32524/saintek.v6i1.522.

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This research is a follow-up study from previous research related to the optimization of the engravingprocess with the same object, mahogany wood processed with the G-Weike WK1212 CNC Router machineand3mmConicalbitusingTaguchimethod.Inthisresearch,theoptimizationmethodused is FullFactorial Design with multiresponse plots optimization, where the use of this method also refers to theresults ofprevious studies but its implementation is applied to the cutting process with a 3 mm End Millbit using a CNCRoutermachineandwoodmaterial,thesame one. The purpose of this study is 2, thefirstistocomparetheoptimalityvalueoftheimplementationFull Factorial Design method -multiresponse plots optimization with the results of the previous implementation of the Taguchi method.Second,knowingwhethertheoptimalresultsfromtheimplementation of the Full Factorial Designmethodwith multiresponse plots optimization for the engraving process using a 3 mm Conical bit canbethesame as in the cuttingprocess using a 3mm End Mill bit. The results of this study are known thattheoptimallevel settings from Full Factorial Design method with optimization of multi response plotsarespindlespeed7steps,motionspeed5stepsanddepth 44percut0.5mm.

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Durna, Antonin, Jiri Fries, Leopold Hrabovsky, Ales Sliva, and Jozef Zarnovsky. "Research and Development of Laser Engraving and Material Cutting Machine from 3D Printer." Management Systems in Production Engineering 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2020-0008.

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AbstractThis article deals with the adjustment of a 3D printer for laser engraving and material cutting. The print head can be fitted with a solid laser diode module, which achieves a compact size while retaining its useful power. Two paths lead to the use of such a concept. It is possible to equip the existing print head with a module, which also brings a number of disadvantages such as, for example, the reduction of the printing space or the need for a suitable mounting design. A more elegant solution is to consider this in the design of a 3D printer and design a system to exchange the print heads for 3D printing and laser engraving. Such a solution allows full utilization of the workspace and simple installation of the effector for the required type of work. According to the installed power of the laser diode, it is possible not only to engrave but also cut material such as thin wood, veneer or acrylic glass. The use of such a machine is not only for graphic elements but for the creation of various stencils, boxes or simple models, which can be made up of plastic-burning pieces. The laser module is controlled by a driver, which is designed for the device. This is connected to a 3D printer control board. It is, therefore, necessary for the control board to have at least two pins, which can be controlled after adjusting the control firmware. Most laser modules are normally equipped with an adjustable lens, which is used to concentrate the focus of a laser for the given distance against the worktop. Thus, the modified 3D printer can perform its function as a multi-purpose CNC machine, while a basic platform similar for both devices is used.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wood-engraving'

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