Academic literature on the topic 'Wood production industry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wood production industry"
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Eric, Annune J., Nwafor Christiana, Shawon M. Caesar, and Ahmed Yakubu Ahmed. "Production and Characterization of Wood Ash Pozzolan of Melina and Cashew Tropical Woods." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 11, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2020.10.04.
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In an attempt to find an alternative binding material for construction industry, this study considered the use of wood ash from two different hardwoods namely: Melina wood ash and Cashew wood ash as a pozzolan in cement production. The study investigates the chemical composition (silica (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulphur trioxide (SO3), sodium oxide (Na2O) and potassium Oxide (K2O)) of the ashes and the clinker.
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Sofiana, Yunida. "Analisis Strategi Peningkatan Produksi Mebel di Sentra Industri Kayu." Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i1.2938.
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In the latest couple years, both public and private sectors are doing some efforts and innovations to promote several arts and furniture in Indonesia; through media, cooperation program and exhibitions all over the world. However, this is not effective enough to increase furniture production to better level, especially regarding micro central industry. The micro central industry, especially wood central industry in several areas in Java, mostly has stagnant condition in both local and international. Based on the research in wood central industry in Java, there are factors as the effects: the scarcity and quality of wood material, technology dominance of limited woods, less innovation in designing, unintegrated promotion and marketing and also less strategic planning from the government to develop minor industry. This needs to be analysed according to the condition and need of minor central industry.
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Glavonjic, Branko, and Leon Oblak. "Consumption of woody biomass in industry, commercial, and public facilities in Serbia: Present state and possible contribution to the share of renewable sources in final energy consumption." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1201007g.
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This paper is the continuation of the presentation of results obtained in comprehensive researches of woody biomass consumption in Serbia conducted as a part of the TCP/FAO project ?Wood energy for sustainable rural development?. The previous paper (No. 3, 2011) showed results of wood fuels consumption for households heating and this paper shows their consumption for the needs of industry, commercial and public facilities. Research results show that total consumption of woody biomass in Serbia in 2010 was 7.41 million m3, out of which 7.03 million m3 was in the form of roundwood and 0.38 million m3 was in the form of wood residue from industry. The biggest consumers of woody biomass (roundwood, chips, residues) are households with the participation of 86.54%, followed by the production of wood-based panels with 4.47% and energy production for own purposes of wood processing companies with 2.96%. Compared to the officially registered consumption in energy balance in the amount of 0.281 Mtoe, actual consumption of wood energy in Serbia in 2010 was 1.37 Mtoe or 4.9 times higher. Participation of wood energy in final energy consumption in Serbia was 57,300 TJ or 13.6% in 2010. Current use of wood energy substitutes imports of light heating oil in the value of 1.3 billion ? or 650 million ? in the case of natural gas substituting. Use of wood fuel prevented emissions of about 7 million tonnes of CO2 from fossil fuels.
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Generowicz, Natalia, and Zygmunt Kowalski. "Cascade use of post-production waste from the wood industry." Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/epj/118781.
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Kropivšek, Jože, and Petra Grošelj. "Digital Development of Slovenian Wood Industry." Drvna industrija 71, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1961.
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he research examined the digital development of the Slovenian wood industry, especially the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0 into practice. Within this, the implementation of specific technological pillars was studied, with the emphasis on smart factories and smart, innovative products. In the empirical part of the research, we prepared a survey and interviewed selected managers and entrepreneurs. We compared answers regarding sub-sectors, the size of the companies and the level of digitalization. The general results show that around half of the surveyed companies are already implementing the Industry 4.0 concept into their businesses, while the rest are beginners when speaking about digitalization. The biggest obstacles to the implementation of the concept are the high investments in equipment and the lack of financial support from the state. The lack of digital competencies, which is especially prevalent among older workers, is another major barrier that businesses face. Only 30 % of the surveyed companies are engaged in the production of smart products. We can conclude that digitalization in the Slovenian wood industry is still at a relatively low level, but with the latest strategic orientations at both the state and business level, this situation will certainly improve in the near future.
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Akhmadi, Slamet, and Istiqomah Istiqomah. "Manajemen Produksi Home Industry Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." Mabsya: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mabsya.v1i2.3463.
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Home Industry Mega Sandra is a furniture business in Buntu, Kroya, Cilacap that utilizes raw materials of teak, jackfruit wood, and laban wood in making furniture. According to T. Hani Handoko management production is an optimal management efforts in the use of resources in the process of transforming raw materials and labor into various products or services. Management production is also the process of making products or providing services, creating and operating systems and structures through the people involved in them. Management production is also a very important role in the process of making furniture. The purpose of this research is to find out what management production is used by Mega Sandra's Home Industry in the perspective of Islamic economics. Based on the results of research conducted by the author, it can be concluded that the Mega Sandra home industry has run its production management process in accordance with the perspective of Islamic economics. About natural resources (raw materials), human resources (labor) in accordance with Islamic sharia.
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Tran, Hung Van. "Development of raw material to serve Vietnam’s wood industry towards a sustainable development." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.858.
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The Vietnam’s wood industry has obtained many encouraging achievements in recent years. In order to develop sustainably, the wood industry needs to ensure the quality of human resource, technology, capital, market and especially the material. As material accounts for a large share of the production cost, it is necessary to ensure both quantity and quality of its in the near future as well as in the longterm. The fact that most of raw material is imported seriously affects the Vietnam’s wood industry, such as reducing the activeness and competiveness of Vietnamese wood companies. This paper aims to evaluate the practice of raw material for Vietnam’s wood industry, thereby suggesting some solutions to sustainably develop the raw material for the wood industry.
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Kulkarni, H. D. "Private farmerprivate industry partnerships for industrial wood production: a case study." International Forestry Review 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.10.2.147.
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Bates, Irena, Ivana Plazonić, Valentina Radić Seleš, and Željka Barbarić-Mikočević. "Determining the quality of paper substrates containing triticale pulp for printing industry." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0009.
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AbstractToday, the paper industry is faced with a global deficiency of raw wood materials, so alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibres are playing an important role in paper production. Agricultural countries produce large quantities of crop farming by-products such as straw, which is an interesting alternative raw material for cellulose fibres. Straw is used in many industries because of its numerous advantages: animal food industry, biofuel industry, construction industry and as artistic material. The potential use of straw production residues is of great importance in paper and printing industry. The focus of this research is on triticale straw, which was used as a non-wood fibre source for paper production. Namely, triticale straw was converted into semi-chemical pulp and was combined with recycled wood pulp in order to produce alternative laboratory papers. The usability of this kind of laboratory papers in printing industry was analysed based on line reproduction quality. This research evaluated and analysed line reproduction quality based on four line attributes: width, blurriness and raggedness. The results of this research proved that triticale pulp in laboratory papers has equal influence on line printing quality as the recycled wood pulp.
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Asamoah, Obed, Suvi Kuittinen, Jones Abrefa Danquah, Ebo Tawiah Quartey, Dastan Bamwesigye, Charles Mario Boateng, and Ari Pappinen. "Assessing Wood Waste by Timber Industry as a Contributing Factor to Deforestation in Ghana." Forests 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090939.
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This study assesses the wood waste generation, its management practices, and its effects on the forests in Ghana. The rate of logging in Ghana has increased and this can be attributed to the increase in the establishment of Sawmilling companies in the country. Increased in the installation of sawmilling companies has increased the sawn timber production. The use of outmoded milling machines has led to an increase in waste generation. An increase in production has led to an increase in the annual allowable cut in the country, which has overrun the limit of sustainable forestry. A qualitative research method was employed for the research work. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to the study to solicit the views of the wood industries about wood waste generation and its management practices. The study population comprised of 50 sawmilling companies. From the data collected, it was observed that most of the timber production companies do not know how to manage the waste generated and the waste is left un-utilized. In general 80% of the timber production companies responded that they have an idea of wood waste management but do not have the technical know-how to manage the waste. It was observed that 80% of the timber production companies do not manage the waste they generate during their operations. Wood shavings, sawdust, wood slabs, offcuts, branches, and others are left un-utilized. From the observations made in the visited sawmills, chunks of waste are generated on the site. The fact that the wood which is un-utilized (waste) and the wood, which is utilized as sold products, are equal in cost to the company which highlights the poor material and cost-efficiency. Wood industry materials and cost efficiency, together with waste management practices and their contribution to deforestation in the country, are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wood production industry"
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Rafiei, Rezvan. "Production planning mechanisms in demand-driven wood remanufacturing industry." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25316.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier le problème de planification de la production dans le contexte d'une demande incertaine, d’un niveau de service variable et d’approvisionnements incontrôlables dans une usine de seconde transformation du bois. Les activités de planification et de contrôle de production sont des tâches intrinsèquement complexes et difficiles pour les entreprises de seconde transformation du bois. La complexité vient de certaines caractéristiques intrinsèques de cette industrie, comme la co-production, les procédés alternatifs divergents, les systèmes de production sur commande (make-to-order), des temps de setup variables et une offre incontrôlable. La première partie de cette thèse propose une plate-forme d'optimisation/simulation permettant de prendre des décisions concernant le choix d'une politique de planification de la production, pour traiter rapidement les demandes incertaines, tout en tenant compte des caractéristiques complexes de l'industrie de la seconde transformation du bois. À cet effet, une stratégie de re-planification périodique basée sur un horizon roulant est utilisée et validée par un modèle de simulation utilisant des données réelles provenant d'un partenaire industriel. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, une méthode de gestion des stocks de sécurité dynamique est proposée afin de mieux gérer le niveau de service, qui est contraint par une capacité de production limitée et à la complexité de la gestion des temps de mise en course. Nous avons ainsi développé une approche de re-planification périodique à deux phases, dans laquelle des capacités non-utilisées (dans la première phase) sont attribuées (dans la seconde phase) afin de produire certains produits jugés importants, augmentant ainsi la capacité du système à atteindre le niveau de stock de sécurité. Enfin, dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous étudions l’impact d’un approvisionnement incontrôlable sur la planification de la production. Différents scénarios d'approvisionnement servent à identifier les seuils critiques dans les variations de l’offre. Le cadre proposé permet aux gestionnaires de comprendre l'impact de politiques d'approvisionnement proposées pour faire face aux incertitudes. Les résultats obtenus à travers les études de cas considérés montrent que les nouvelles approches proposées dans cette thèse constituent des outils pratiques et efficaces pour la planification de production du bois.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the production planning problem in the context of uncertain demand, variable service level, and uncontrollable supply in a wood remanufacturing mill. Production planning and control activities are complex and represent difficult tasks for wood remanufacturers. The complexity comes from inherent characteristics of the industry such as divergent co-production, alternative processes, make-to-order, short customer lead times, variable setup time, and uncontrollable supply. The first part of this thesis proposes an optimization/simulation platform to make decisions about the selection of a production planning policy to deal swiftly with uncertain demands, under the complex characteristics of the wood remanufacturing industry. For this purpose, a periodic re-planning strategy based on a rolling horizon was used and validated through a simulation model using real data from an industrial partner. The computational results highlighted the significance of using the re-planning model as a practical tool for production planning under unstable demands. In the second part, a dynamic safety stock method was proposed to better manage service level, which was threatened by issues related to limited production capacity and the complexity of setup time. We developed a two-phase periodic re-planning approach whereby idle capacities were allocated to produce more important products thus increasing the realization of safety stock level. Numerical results indicated that the solution of the two-phase method was superior to the initial method in terms of backorder level as well as inventory level. Finally, we studied the impact of uncontrollable supply on demand-driven wood remanufacturing production planning through an optimization and simulation framework. Different supply scenarios were used to identify the safety threshold of supply changes. The proposed framework provided managers with a novel advanced planning approach that allowed understanding the impact of supply policies to deal with uncertainties. In general, the wood products industry offers a rich environment for dealing with uncertainties for which the literature fails to provide efficient solutions. Regarding the results that were obtained through the case studies, we believe that approaches proposed in this thesis can be considered as novel and practical tools for wood remanufacturing production planning.
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Fernández, Olivares Jacobo Luis. "Modeling the impact of wood and fiber traits on the production costs of corrugated containers." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131143/unrestricted/fernandez%5Fjacobo%5Fl%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.
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Mapulanga, Mwanza, and Praveen Saladi. "Factors driving and restraining adoption of Automation technologies in Swedish wood product industry." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30669.
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Swedish wood product industry contributes significantly to the economy of the country. This industry adds more value to the sawn timber produced in order to manufacture different wooden products. Companies in Swedish wood product industry are presently seen as underdeveloped in terms of investments and developments in automation technologies. Automation technologies are seen by companies as a solution for improving productivity, product quality, manufacturing cost reduction and ultimately improving competitiveness. This has driven competing companies to pursue automation technologies that improve manufacturing processes. Literature in the Wood product industry field shows that there is need for extended automation technologies. The wood product industry has high degree of handcraft; for instance, some Swedish wood product manufacturers still have an essentially manual manufacturing process. This study seeks to understand the role of automation in the Swedish wood product industry and mainly focuses on the factors that drive and restrain companies in this industry to adopt and use automation technologies. An abductive research approach was applied, consisting of a literature review and multiple empirical case studies. The literature review was conducted to provide theoretical background on the general view of automation and the factors that affect adoption of new technologies in companies. The case studies were performed in collaboration with four wood product manufacturers within different business areas in order to analyse and compare similarities and differences in the factors that drive and restrain adoption of automation technologies. The findings imply that companies in the Swedish wood product industry face different factors that drive and restrain them from adopting automation technologies. The factors are both internal and external to the companies. Among the noticeable ones are the high product variety, lack of automation strategies, heterogeneous material property of wood, low competence levels regarding automation technologies, varying demands from the customers, and relationship with the suppliers of automation technologies. Regardles of the restraining factors faced by companies in the Swedish wood product industry, there is a great opportunity to improve their production systems in terms of automation technologies. There is now a growing treand in these companies to prioritise automation technologies as a competitive factor. This study contributes to the knowledge regarding the factors that drive and restrain the adoption of automation technologies and how companies could deal with such factors in the Swedish wood product industry.
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Mirovic, Tara. "Biochar production from wood waste for GHG reduction : A case-study from the construction industry." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283612.
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Skanska, Sweden’s leading project development and construction groups, is increasingly striving for innovative solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of its operations and close the loop on waste materials. The company has expressed interest in investing in a pyrolysis plant in the Stockholm region to produce biochar out of wood waste from construction sites. Biochar, a charcoal-like substance, is produced through thermochemical decomposition of biomass. Recently recognized as a negative emissions technology thanks to its ability to act as a carbon sink, and with its many properties and applications, biochar has in recent years become an increasingly valued product on the Nordic market. However, the magnitude with which biochar production mitigates climate change depends on a number of parameters. The present thesis seeks to assess the potential of biochar production at Skanska and use for urban soils to reduce the company’s GHG emissions, and puts results in perspective with Skanska’s sustainability targets. Using the GHG Protocol for Project Accounting, and through a life-cycle perspective, the thesis examines whether biochar production results in a higher climate gain compared to the continuation of current activities, i.e. the treatment of wood waste through incineration for energy recovery. The results show that reductions in emissions depend on a number of factors including biochar stability, biochar yield, the availability of excess heat from the pyrolysis process and its use for district heating, and most importantly, the type of fuel substituted by waste wood for energy production. Ultimately, the quality, quantity, and geographic distribution of wood waste produced by Skanska determines the viability of this project, and this information should be carefully compiled by the company.Skanska AB, Sveriges ledande bygg- och projektutvecklingsföretag, strävar alltmer efter innovativa lösningar för att minska koldioxidavtrycket i sin verksamhet och sluta cirkeln för avfallsmaterial. Företaget har uttryckt ett intresse att investera i en pyrolysanläggning i Stockholmsregionen för att producera biokol av träavfall från byggarbetsplatser. Biokol produceras genom termokemisk sönderdelning av biomassa och blev nyligen erkänd som en negativ utsläppsteknologi tack vare sin förmåga att fungera som kolsänka. Med sina många användningsområden och varierande egenskaper har biokol under senare år blivit en allt högre värderad produkt på den nordiska marknaden. Dock spelar flera faktorer roll när möjligheterna för biokolsproduktion att reducera klimatförändringarna ska bedömas. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att utvärdera potentialen för biokolsproduktion inom Skanska och användandet av biokol i urbana jordar för att minska företagets växthusgasutsläpp, samt sätta resultaten i perspektiv med Skanskas hållbarhetsmål. Genom att använda GHG-protokollet för projektredovisning, samt ur ett livscykelperspektiv, undersöker examensarbetet huruvida biokolproduktionen resulterar i en högre klimatnytta jämfört med den nuvarande verksamheten, det vill säga genom förbränning av träavfall för energiåtervinning. Resultaten visar att utsläppsminskningar beror på ett antal faktorer, inklusive biokolets stabilitet, produktionsutbyte, tillgång till överskottsvärme från pyrolysprocessen för användning i fjärrvärmenätet, samt viktigast av allt, vilken typ av bränsle som ersätts av träavfall för energiproduktion. I slutändan är det kvaliteten, kvantiteten samt geografisk tillgång till producerat träavfall för biokolsproduktion som avgör hur väl detta projekt kan genomföras, och denna information bör noggrant sammanställas av Skanska.
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Höök, Matilda. "Timber volume element prefabrication : production and market aspects /." Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet, 2005. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2005/65/.
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Trischler, Johann. "Strategic raw material supply for the particleboard-producing industry in Europe : Problems and challenges." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53700.
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Particleboard was invented to increase the utilization of wood and it soon became an important core material for furniture production. Nowadays, other industries such as the pulp and papermaking industry and the thermal energy recovery industry claim the same type of raw material. This leads to increasing competition and higher prices than in the past when that kind of wood raw material was widely available and of low price. The particleboard-producing industry is therefore seeking opportunities to reduce the competition and ensure the future supply of lignocellulosic raw material for their products. The purpose of the work summarised in this thesis was to investigate the strategic supply of lignocellulosic raw materials for particleboard production and to evaluate alternatives for the supply of lignocellulosic raw material for particleboard production. To encompass the complex field of strategic raw material supply, several publications have considered different stages along the supply chain. These papers range from empirical studies to practical tests on a laboratory scale. In this thesis, some of the papers are linked together, building the base for the overall results. The results show that the task of increasing the supply of lignocellulosic raw material as primary raw material source is limited by several factors, but that improved product design coupled with a suitable recycling concept can greatly increase the availability of lignocellulosic raw material as a secondary source. Alternatively, the use of non-wood plants might be an opportunity to substitute wood as raw material but there are still some problems relating to the particle properties which must be overcome first.
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Helmersson, Erik, and Anders Broman. "A conceptual model for VSM in a production system with paral-lel material flow : a case study of a SME in the wood industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53973.
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There is a rapid change in the current market that requires more customisation and higher quality for a lower price. For SMEs, it is a challenge to compete and develop the production system in this increasingly competitive environment. One way to increase the competitive advantages is to investigate the possibilities to involve Lean tools such as VSM. The purpose of the VSM design is to get a quick holistic view of the production system to find value-added and non-value-added activities and improve the production system. A VSM is, however, not widely explored in a production system with high flexibility and a high number of variants in a functional layout. It has been discovered that there is a research gap in the literature, and some researchers proclaim that there is none or a negative correlation between VSM and flexible production. Therefore, there is a need to further explore these concepts together at a case company with these pa-rameters.The methodological approach is a single case study at a case company. The research focuses on investigating how the VSM can be applicable in a production system with high flexibility on a functional layout facility. The study will focus on hard aspects such as the VSM itself and soft aspects such as Lean concepts, Change Management, and employee’s behaviour and reactions. The reason is that enterprises need to investigate parameters and employee behaviour since a production system with high flexibility on a functional layout often perceives as a complex system. Therefore a conceptual model has been developed to facilitate the adoption of this kind of production system. The created conceptual model is based on the findings from the case company and theories from the literature studies. The methods that supported the data collection in the case are interviews with the production personnel and personnel from the management de-partment, observations, VSM and a literature review.
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Lojda, Martin. "Ekonomická studie využití mobilní pásové pily v podmínkách ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228887.
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The thesis deals with possibilities of using of mobile band saws. An economic analysis of band saw utilization for woodworking was carried out. Further the work evaluates and analyses the technological string of lumber production in a selected area. In the first part there is a study of current state of technological string of saw timber production. The second chapter deals with the evaluation of state in consideration of woodworking in relation to selected location of production facilities. The third part is focused on evaluation of possibilities of mobile band saw utilization that is carried out on Husqvarna SMB - 70. The fourth section describes technological variations and tries to determine criteria for choosing of the best variant. It details opportunities of a small - grower that tries to find the most suitable variant by selling a wood, so as it brings the maximum profit. The work deals with various possibilities of timber production in which the band saw is included. Technical parameters of particular saws are described here. And by means of economic parameters the most suitable technology for sawn wood production is determined. The goal of this thesis is to choose a suitable technology for timber production based on economic analysis and with regard to conditions of the processing plant.
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Wickström, David. "Logistical timber yard optimization and customization : A case study of beneficial changes to industrial flow, capacity and volume." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75319.
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The progression of wood processing in Swedish saw mills is growing in a rapid pace which pushes internal resources to the limit. This calls for new and innovative ideas to further the capacity of the production to satisfy both requirements as well as demands. Logistics is a key factor in these processes which can both hide problems as well as solutions that could benefit production. The objective of the study is to research the current timber yard model as it doesn’t suffice the demand, and instead present alternative ideas that will. The methods to do so are a collection of interviews, literary researches and a case study. Alternative models are generally presented in regards to volume capacity but also machine capacity, time and economic factors. The results show the inefficiency of the current model with insufficient volume capacity of logs, and where unnecessary hauling between two yards have costly outcomes. Suggested model increases the total yard volume from 15 000 m³ to about 25 176 m³, but where hauling and transporting costs still are imminent due to the geographical position of the industry. The model is designed to decrease hauling distances along with lower fuel usage and ultimately effects on the environment. Increasing the volume of the timber yard is carried out by taking advantage of unutilized areas as well as by a compromise of areas that are today used for other processes. Lastly, the recommendations presented to the company are to analyze the results and research questions of the study and from there see to what actions are to be made. Developing the concepts of presented model along with the other suggestions and conclusions that follow.Framfarten av vidareförädling av trä i svenska sågverk är mycket stor vilket sätter stor press på interna resurser. Detta efterfrågar nya och innovativa idéer for att utveckla produktionens kapacitet för att ha möjligheterna att både tillfredsställa krav och efterfråga. Logistik är en nyckelfaktor i dessa processer, vilket både kan gömma problem men även lösningar för produktionens fördel. Målet för studien är att utforska den nuvarande timmerplanen då den inte räcker till för den efterfrågan som eftersträvas och istället presentera alternativa idéer som gör det. Metoderna som används för det är en samling av intervjuer, litterära undersökningar och fallstudier. Alternativa modeller presenteras framför allt sätt till volymkapacitet men även maskinkapacitet, tid och ekonomiska faktorer. Resultaten visar en ineffektivitet i den nuvarande modellen vilket har en otillräcklig volymkapacitet för stock, där onödigt fraktande bidrar med dyra resultat. Modellen som föreslås ökar den nuvarande totala kapaciteten från cirka 15 000 m³ till 25 176 m³, men där fraktning och transporter fortfarande är ofrånkomligt på grund av den geografiska positionen industrin har. Modellen är utformad för att minska transportavstånd samt bränsleförbrukning och därmed även negativa effekter på miljön. Ökningen av volym på timmer planen görs genom att använda oanvända områden samt genom kompromisser med områden som idag har ett annat användningsområde för andra delprocesser. De presenterade modeller ser till de förhållande av studien i relation till de satta ambitioner och begränsningar. Slutligen, de rekommendationer som framförts till företaget är att analysera de tankar och idéer från studien och därifrån se vilka handlingar som ska tas. Vidareutveckla de koncept av presenterade modeller i samband med de förslag och slutsatser som följer.
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Ozturk, Sengul Mehtap. "Position Of Design And The Designer In Low-tech Small And Medium Scale Furniture Industry In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610455/index.pdf.
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Increasing competition and technological improvements have created new challenges for the firms. In Turkey, low-tech small and medium scale furniture industry does not seem to be well equipped to compete in this respect due to their weak economic and cultural capital. Necessity of innovative and distinguishing design-led policies has already arisen for improving the position of the low-tech small and medium scale furniture producers. However, to generate effective policies for them, it is essential to understand the design process and production domain related to cultural factors which affect the position of design and the designer. Within this perspective, this thesis examines the position of design and the designer within the product development process in eight cases of small and medium scale furniture companies based on the data gathered from, firstly, in-depth interviews with the owners, and secondly, product development stories narrated by the owner, the designers and head of the production departments of the companies.
Books on the topic "Wood production industry"
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Saarnio, Antti. Choice of strategic technology investment: Case of pulp production technology. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1999.
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The U.S. paper industry and sustainable production: An argument for restructuring. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1997.
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Spelter, Henry. Capacity, production, and manufacturing of wood-based panels in North America. Madison, WI (One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison 53705-2398): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1994.
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Spelter, Henry. Capacity, production, and manufacturing of wood-based panels in North America. Madison, Wis: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1994.
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Piva, Ronald J. Pulpwood production in the north-central region, 2000. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2003.
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Spelter, Henry. Capacity, production, and manufacture of wood-based panels in the United States and Canada. Madison, Wisc: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996.
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Spelter, Henry. Capacity, production, and manufacture of wood-based panels in the United States and Canada. Madison, Wisc. (One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison 53705-2398): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996.
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Spelter, Henry. Capacity, production, and manufacture of wood-based panels in the United States and Canada. Madison, Wisc: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996.
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Nicholls, David L. Alaska birch for edge-glued panel production: Considerations for wood products manufacturers. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2010.
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Vertinsky, Ilan. A study of production decisions under extreme uncertainty in the wood products industry. Vancouver, B.C: University of British Columbia, Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wood production industry"
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Wanat, Leszek, Łukasz Sarniak, and Elżbieta Mikołajczak. "INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO) AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF CAPITAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOOD-BASED INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN POLAND." In Quality Production Improvement - QPI, edited by Robert Ulewicz, 117–23. Warsaw, Poland: Sciendo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9783110680591-016.
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Özgün, Kağan, Sami Can Aklan, Ahmet Tezcan Tekin, and Ferhan Çebi. "Malfunction Detection on Production Line Using Machine Learning: Case Study in Wood Industry." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1116–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51156-2_130.
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"Fuel-wood Production and Consumption in Ethiopia:." In Reading through the Charcoal Industry in Ethiopia, 11–16. Forum for Social Studies, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvgc61b0.9.
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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P., and Paul E. Rosenfeld. "Pollution prevention and best practices for the wood-preserving industry." In Handbook of Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production, 135–78. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096446-1.10005-x.
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Kruja, Alba Demneri, and Eltona Berberi. "Tourism and Handicraft Industry." In Cases on Global Leadership in the Contemporary Economy, 119–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8088-1.ch007.
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Tourism is one of the most crucial sectors contributing to country development. In Albania, the sector`s contribution to GDP has an increasing trend through the years. This study aimed to explore the role of tourism in supporting the development of handicraft sector and analyzing the constraints faced by artisans during their daily activities of crafts production process. Albania is known for the tradition of crafts with precious values, created for centuries by masters of folk, in every province according to the features and specifications of different areas. The most known handicrafts in Albania are works in wood, iron, copper, and precious materials like gold, silver, leather, wool, etc. These values are inherited generation to generation have aroused great interest to visitors and local and foreign researches. In cities like Kruja and Scutari, a diversity of crafts with high utilitarian and aesthetic level is distinguished. This is also the reason of selecting the surveyed sample of artisans from Kruja and Scutari.
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Hasan Faris, Abbas. "Fillers in Wood Adhesives." In Fillers. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92150.
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The introduction of a second component to polymers has been presented; this component is often used to modify the characteristics of the products and to acquire new polymer materials with improved properties. Composite materials have a pivotal role in industries that are now considered the most progressive worldwide. At present, synthetic adhesives based on formaldehyde such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea formaldehyde (UF), and melamine formaldehyde (MF) are predominantly used for wood composite production, and these adhesives are commonly used in the wood panel industry. These adhesives have some advantages and disadvantages. The use of PF adhesives is as important as UF adhesives in the wood panel industry. However, their application is still limited because of its brittleness, brown color, high curing temperature, long curing time, and toxicity due to liberation of phenol and formaldehyde. A variety of methods have been used to improve the performance of UF and PF adhesives as well as to expand their use. These methods are widely used in the industry; they include the simple addition of fillers. Moreover, the addition of fillers could reduce shrinkage and alleviate the stress on the glue line, which improves the hardness and durability.
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Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone. "Coal, Canals, Railways, and Industrial Cities." In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0010.
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During the decades after the 1820s, Americans reshaped the industrial landscape by gradually substituting coal for the wood and flowing water they were using as energy sources and iron for wood in structures and machinery. The amount of power they could obtain from wood or water at a given place was limited, but coal resources were so large that more was always available. Coal could be transported to distant consumers by the newly built canals and railways. With it, the resource constraints that had led entrepreneurs to favor small, dispersed mills and factories were less important. Production of coal was concentrated in Pennsylvania in the first part of the nineteenth century. At first, the largest markets were in the East, and as long as the Appalachians were a barrier to shipment of bituminous coal from the West, the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania remained the principal source of industrial fuel. Ironmasters using anthracite to smelt ore mined in eastern Pennsylvania dominated American ironmaking until the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Industrialists west of the Appalachians experimented with bituminous coal and with coal converted to coke. They built furnaces around Pittsburgh and Cincinnati (where rivers provided good access to coking coal), and then through Ohio, Indiana, and, eventually, Illinois. But it was in eastern Pennsylvania that artisans and entrepreneurs established many of the economic and social practices followed by American heavy industry well into the twentieth century. Industries based on wood and water starkly contrasted with those based on coal and iron. Death and injury from mine accidents, social strife in mining communities, and environmental degradation from mine wastes were new costs of wealth created by the digging of anthracite. Because coal could be hauled long distances and still be sold at a lower cost per unit of energy than locally cut. wood, it could be shipped profitably to distant customers. They used it to make primary materials, such as iron, glass, and brick, and to convert these materials into finished, high-value-added goods. The social and environmental costs of getting the coal were left behind at the mines.
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Barbu, Marius C., Jörg Hasener, and Gregor Bernardy. "Modern Testing of Wood-Based Panels, Process Control, and Modeling." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 90–130. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch003.
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The fast development of the wood-based panels industry during the last decades resulted in a substantially increased production capacity of manufacturing lines. The utilization of advanced manufacturing systems created a large output of different panel types with a production of more than 1,000 m3 per day on at least 300 days within a year. Therefore, it is important to take into account the new requirements for an on-line control of the manufacturing process. Only on-line Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technologies are able to survey, detect, and forecast the quality of the raw materials, level of production parameters, and development of the panel properties. Main parameters like moisture content, resination level, mat area weight, thickness, and density profile influence the final properties of the panels. For over a decade there has been no other choice to control these and other process parameters than NDT methods using microwave (water content), IR (moisture and color), X-ray (mat and board area weight and density profile), ultrasound (blisters or density variation), etc. The determination of the effective resin content on the wood particle or the density, temperature, and moisture development during the hot pressing are further requirements for the future production units. The on-line measurement of free formaldehyde remaining after resin curing and other volatile substances from wood and resin seems to be a further subject of major interest. The intelligent implementation and integration, use, and understanding of on-line NDT methods in wood panel manufacturing is a big challenge that includes a better understanding of the overall process and its limits, an updated state of the art of knowledge, as well as an open and continuous dialog between the equipment producers, board manufactures, and users that could be another important key for the development of an environmentally friendly modern wood-based panel industry in the world.
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Westerman, Wim, Jeffrey Paays, and Satu Pätäri. "Value Creation with Wood-Based Energy Business Models." In Industrial Dynamics, Innovation Policy, and Economic Growth through Technological Advancements, 292–306. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1978-4.ch015.
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Renewable energy sources are increasingly coming into use. This notably counts for non-food based biomass sources, including those producing wood-based energy. A firm that (re-)directs activities to this area can potentially create value. The external and internal environment of the firm sets the outline for the value creation potential. Important in the value creation process are dynamic capabilities to alter resource bases. The authors show this with an example in the mature Finnish pulp and paper industry. A Delphi study helps to identify the main industry- and company-level factors that influence the forest-based energy sector, its value-creation potential, and the future roles of forest and energy companies in it. The results of a study on a power plant in The Netherlands shows how the economic value creation for a specific firm can be assessed. The plant is designed to “vaporize” biomass input, in our case so-called “B-wood,” to a bio-oil that can be used to generate Green Power. The economic value analysis draws upon a risk-oriented production unit positioning analysis that is modeled with multiple scenarios. The results show that innovative business models can fruitfully be identified with multiple experts in sophisticated Delphi rounds and dynamic resource-based approaches appear promising. The authors also find that bio-refinery production chains are economically feasible with relatively small production units with multiple applications. The chapter gives way to a management view that integrates resource-based and economic value perspectives on wood-based energy sources for firms. In that sense, it adds to the literature on value creation with innovative business models.
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Ramalho, Armando Lopes, Agostinho da Silva, Marcelo Calvete Gaspar, Carlos Capela, Luis Celorrio-Barragué, and Dan Ovidiu Glăvan. "Enhanced Reconditioning of Heavy-Duty Pulp Industry Equipment." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 219–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3628-5.ch015.
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Within a pulp industry production process, a drop in the performance of a wood log rotary debarker was identified. Such loss of performance was due to the occurrence of excessive wear of the device's cutting blades, requiring their regular and premature replacement. The material used to manufacture the cutting blades, Hardox 500, has characteristics considered adequate for the required use. However, it was concluded that the blade manufacturing process degraded its mechanical properties, leading to its premature wear when placed in service. The present study intends to propose, characterize, and validate an alternative cutting process to manufacture the debarker's cutting blades. Abrasive waterjet cutting technology was proposed to produce the cutting blades. The suitability of this manufacturing process is discussed considering the specified geometry and the material characteristics of the resulting cutting blades.
Conference papers on the topic "Wood production industry"
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Vidal, J. C., M. Mucientes, A. Bugarin, and M. Lama. "An Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithm for Production Planning in Wood Furniture Industry." In 2006 International Symposium on Evolving Fuzzy Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isefs.2006.251179.
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Neykov, Nikolay, Petar Antov, and Viktor Savov. "Circular economy opportunities for economic efficiency improvement in wood-based panel industry." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.493.
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The enhanced technological possibilities to utilise wood waste and residues in the production of wood-based panels can help towards the transition to a circular, low-carbon bioeconomy. The cascading use of wood resources, defined as “the efficient utilisation of resources by using residues and recycled materials for material use to extend total biomass availability within a given system” is one of the leading principles for achieving this goal. The wood-based panel industry is characterised by significant amounts of waste and residues that present a great volume potential for cascading. The aim of the present study is to define the basic guidelines for cascading use of wood waste from the production of wood-based panels and analyse the economic impact in terms of economic efficiency in line with the circular and bioeconomy principles. Time series analysis of wood waste and raw material flows in the Republic of Bulgaria, economic assessment of the current utilisation of wood waste in the wood-based panel industry along with comparative analysis of the potential utilization methods have been presented. The existing technical and market barriers to the cascading use of wood have also been discussed.
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Labati, Ruggero Donida, Angelo Genovese, Enrique Munoz, Vincenzo Piuri, Fabio Scotti, and Gianluca Sforza. "Improving OSB wood panel production by vision-based systems for granulometric estimation." In 2015 IEEE 1st International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2015.7325157.
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Muska, Aina, and Gunita Mazure. "Impact of Latvian wood construction cluster on the economic efficiency of its members." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.002.
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The operation in the cluster allows merchants increase their operational efficiency, productivity, exportability and gain other benefits. The establishment of Latvian Wood Construction Cluster at the beginning of 2012 was targeted at promotion of the cooperation within the industry by developing the potential of production and export markets. The research aim is to study the changes in the economic efficiency of the merchants belonging to Latvian Wood Construction Cluster. Six Cluster members, whose economic efficiency was measured consistent with the methodology developed by the research authors, were selected for the validation or rejection of the research hypothesis and achievement of the research aim, which was advanced following the recommendation of the experts. The research results lead to the conclusion that the economic efficiency of the merchants under the study has not improved during the Cluster performance period; it has even worsened, especially for “Nordic Homes”, “HUSVIK”, “Dores fabrika” and “Cross Timber Systems”, compared with the average industry figure. Nevertheless, the net sales, operating profit and net profit of “BYKO–LAT” have increased during the Cluster performance period and the achieved results have significantly surpassed the average industry figures, the merchant’s economic efficiency did not present an improvement during the Cluster performance period due to the decline in return on assets, increase in production costs, decline in the profit to long-term capital ratio in 2017 and 2018 as well as the decrease in return on equity and commercial profitability in 2018. The authors explain the obtained research results by the fact that the Cluster activities are performed with the aim to inform on the Cluster operation, its members and wood construction; the Cluster activities are less targeted at the increase of economic efficiency.
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Larson, Eric D. "Biomass-Gasifier/Gas-Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-280.
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Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.
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Leshchinskaya, Alexandra. "A. Leshchinskaya. MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT)." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9706.
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MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT) A. Leshchinskaya Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 36 Stremyannyy Pereulok, 115093 Moscow, Russia, e-mail: alixfl@mail.ru] Keywords: chemical pulping, microwave wood modification, pulp, softwood, wood chips. Large volumes of cellulose are produced from wood chips by chemical methods. Low permeability of many wood species causes problems in the chemical pulp industry. These include: very long cooking times, high chemical consumption, large material losses, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. New microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide an increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases, which solves many of these problems. The technology works by applying intensive MW power to green wood, which generates steam pressure within wood cells. High internal pressure destroys weak elements of wood structure, opens pores and forms micro and macro cracks. A several thousand-fold increase in wood permeability can be achieved in species previously found to be impermeable to liquids and gases. It allows a significant increase in the speed of pulp cooking and improves a production processes. The study of the technology showed radical potential improvements in the pulp industry through: increase in mill throughput significant reduction of chemical consumptionreduction of energy consumption • increase in pulp quality and yield improvement of environmental performance. Pulp manufacturing process includs timber chipping, microwave chip treatment, steaming, cooking, washing, and pulp making. The use of MW wood chip treatment in pulp mills with outputs of 50,000 to 500,000 air dry tons (ADT) per year requires MW equipment with power from 1000 to 10,000 kW. Economic modelling of this technology used in different pulp mill conditions allowed assessment of the effect of capital costs, electricity costs, labour costs and other cost components to specific total costs of MW chip processing. Economic assessment of MW technology application showed that specific costs of softwood chip processing at electricity costs of 0.08 - 0.12 US$/kWh are 25.4 -33.7 US$/ADT of pulp. Electricity costs form the most significant part of the total specific costs of MW processing and form 51-69% shear in the total specific costs. Under the same conditions capital costs form 15-20% shear, and labour costs form 5-18% shear of the total specific costs. The electricity cost increase from $0.04 to $0.24/kWh provides specific MW processing cost rise by 2.7 to 3.1 times at pulp mill output range 50,000 to 500,000 ADT/year. New technology use allows benefits up to 7 – 22 Mil US$ per year for pulp mills with output of more than 200,000 ADT/year. The technology can be used by pulp mills with batch and continuous digesting and is not limited by mill throughput. Ecological impacts and high economic advantages of this MW technology application in pulp and paper industry provide good opportunity for commercialisation.
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Cichocki, Marek, Ilona Salamonik, Marcin Bielecki, Ever Fadlun, and Artur Rusowicz. "Gas Turbine Direct Exhaust Gas Integration in Process Industry: Applications Review." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15818.
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Abstract The typical combined heat and power plants requires the introduction of additional heating medium. The alternative solution is the direct integration of the exhaust gases from heat engine. High temperature, surplus oxygen and low water content of the Gas Turbines exhaust gases enabled the successful integration at industrial scale as: preheated combustion air for industrial furnaces, heat source for drying and for absorption chillers. The article comprises the reference list for direct exhaust gas integration of GTs produced by Baker Hughes formerly GE), the processes overview, GTs selection criteria, as well as the review of documented GTs applications in process industry focusing on technical and economic considerations. Majority of referenced applications for industrial furnace are in the steam methane reformers used in fertilizer industry, as well as steam crackers in petrochemical industries. Several GTs were integrated with crude oil furnace in refinery. Direct drying utilizing exhaust gas from GT, is commonly applied in ceramic, wood derivative, pulp & paper and inorganic chemicals industries. Integrating GTs with absorption chillers was introduced to serve the district heating and cooling system. The described solutions allowed to reduce specific energy consumption by 7–20% or the costs of energy consumption associated with large volume production by 15–30%. The reduction of specific energy consumption allows to decrease the amount of CO2 emitted. The overall efficiency of cogeneration plant above 90% was achieved.
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A˚mand, Lars-Erik, Bo Leckner, Solvie Herstad Sva¨rd, Marianne Gyllenhammar, David Eskilsson, and Claes Tullin. "Co-Combustion of Pulp- and Paper Sludge With Wood: Emissions of Nitrogen, Sulphur and Chlorine Compounds." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-097.
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Sludge from wastewater treatment plants in five Swedish pulp and paper mills has been burned together with wood in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The sludge was either mechanically dewatered or pre-dried. The mechanically dewatered sludge had to be fed with a pump, but the pre-dried sludge could be fed by the fuel feed system normally used for coal, wood chips or wood pellets. In parallel to the combustion tests in the CFB boiler the sludges were also investigated as single fuels in a small laboratory FB. The Swedish pulp and paper industry produces three major fractions of sludge: pure fibre sludge, sludge produced by employing a precipitation species like ironaluminiumsulphate, and finally, sludge subjected to biological cleaning. The way of production of the sludge influences its content of, for example, nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine, but the composition of the sludge is also influenced by the pulp and paper process. The present measurements show that the concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine in the sludge have a great impact on the corresponding gaseous emissions from combustion. Actions to prevent these emissions could be necessary, depending on the origin of the sludge and treatment process used. In the present project all sludges were burned with wood-pellets as the main fuel under identical operating conditions, typical for a CFB boiler. Wood pellets were chosen as a well defined, low-polluting fuel that makes comparison of emissions from the sludges clear. Co-combustion with wood-pellets has the advantage of enabling operation also with wet sludges that cannot be used as single fuels without pre-drying. No actions were taken to improve sulphur and chlorine retention, by for example adding limestone. From a combustion point of view the co-combustion works well with low levels of carbon monoxide present in the flue gas and no light hydrocarbons.
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Powell, Charles A., and Thomas W. Johnson. "Renewable Energy: Myths, Legends, and Reality." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50044.
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With many States setting goals in the 2010–2020 timeframe for increased U.S. electricity production from renewable energy sources totaling nearly 100,000 MW nationwide, innovative solutions are required; as well as the suspension of several myths of conventional wisdom concerning renewable energy. Since Wind, Hydro and Solar are “opportunity” energy supplies not necessarily available when electricity demands are high; there is a great need for a renewable, “dispatchable” energy source that would be available anytime. Building on the experience of the Pulp and Paper Industry, waste-wood fueled IGCC units of 100MW size are practical today; and new gasification technologies being developed for power plants promise high efficiency, and competitive electricity pricing. With these new IGCC technologies, the US Department of Agriculture estimates there is more than enough wood waste to meet the renewable energy goals currently being considered, cost-competitively and environmentally responsibly.
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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.
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The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.