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Journal articles on the topic 'Wood Wood preservatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Wang, Ya Mei, Xi Ming Wang, and Xue Qi Li. "Maybe Absolutely Green - with Chinese Traditional Medicine as Wood Preservative." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.650.

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An important way of conservation and protection of forest resources is wood preservative treatment. Currently, chemical preservatives are always used in the wood preservative treatment. Therefore, preservatives security has become an important environmental issue. This study focuses on national wood preservation, which workers are committed on. Many studies have been directed to look for new preservatives that are harmless to humans, animals and environment. Chinese herbal medicine as a wood preservative is selected for the environmental pollution problems of inorganic preservatives. In this paper, according to the application of traditional Chinese medicine, the nature of wood preservative and a preliminary study by the relevant trial, the theory of Chinese herbal medicine wood preservative is proposed. The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine can be used as wood preservatives. Finally, the paper puts forward the potential abilities of Chinese herbal medicine as wood preservatives.

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2

DOI, SHUICHI. "Wood Preservatives." Wood Preservation 19, no. 3 (1993): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.19.117.

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3

Richardson, N. A. "Wood preservatives." Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 56, no. 52 (2010): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000565202.

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4

Xia, Yan, Chengye Ma, Hanmin Wang, Shaoni Sun, Jialong Wen, and Runcang Sun. "Multiple Analysis and Characterization of Novel and Environmentally Friendly Feather Protein-Based Wood Preservatives." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010237.

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In this study, feather was used as the source of protein and combined with copper and boron salts to prepare wood preservatives with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-graphene oxide as nano-carriers. The treatability of preservative formulations, the changes of chemical structure, micromorphology, crystallinity, thermal properties and chemical composition of wood cell walls during the impregnation and decay experiment were investigated by retention rate of the preservative, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermoanalysis (TG), and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) techniques. Results revealed that the preservatives (particularly with nano-carrier) successfully penetrated wood blocks, verifying the enhanced effectiveness of protein-based preservative with nano-carrier formulations. Decay experiment demonstrated that the protein-based wood preservative can remarkably improve the decay resistance of the treated wood samples, and it is an effective, environmentally friendly wood preservative. Further analysis of these three preservative groups confirmed the excellent function of nano-hydroxyapatite as a nano-carrier, which can promote the chelation of preservatives with higher content of effective preservatives.

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5

Ozdemir, Turgay, Ali Temiz, and Ismail Aydin. "Effect of Wood Preservatives on Surface Properties of Coated Wood." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/631835.

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Effect of wood preservatives (waterborne and organicborne) on the performance of surface finishing properties is investigated. Sapwood of scots pine, (Pinus sylvestrisL.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalisLipsky), and chestnut (Castanea sativaMill.) specimens (300 × 100 × 15 mm along the grain) were impregnated with aqueous solution of 2% CCA, 2% Tanalith E, 1% boric acid, and Immersol aqua. Surface roughness, dry film thickness, adhesion strength, gloss measurement, scratch, and abrasion resistance were determined according to related standards for treated and untreated samples. The results indicated that surface roughness and adhesion strength depended on wood species and the chemical composition of preservatives. Generally, waterborne wood preservatives increased the surface roughness of wood while the organic-based wood preservatives decreased it. The organic-based wood preservatives decreased adhesion but they increased gloss value. Wood preservatives did not affect the scratch resistance which was found to depend on properties of the coating. All the wood preservatives increased abrasion resistance.

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6

Pertiwi, Yus Andhini Bhekti, and Joko Sulistyo. "Ketahanan Gubal Jati Hutan Rakyat Diawetkan dengan Senyawa Boron Menggunakan Metode Tekan Lowry terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah dan Kayu Kering." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 15, no. 1 (2021): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.v15i1.1509.

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Nowadays, most of teak wood that available on the market was mainly from comunity forest. Those teak woods were commonly harvested in the early age. The young teak wood from community forests possesses lower proportion of heartwood than sapwood. Those condition was generally had an affect on the wood durability. Although the wood durability was estimated to be low, but the teak wood from community forest was intensively used for furniture and house construction. Therefore, study on the sapwood durability of young teak wood from community forest is necessary. In the present study, the durability of sapwood treated by boron compound (boric acid and borax) as wood preservatives was investigated. The boron concentrations were 5, 7 and 10%. The vacuum process were used to impreg the preservative into the wood specimens called as Lowry method. The efectivity of preservation method were investigated, namely absorption, retention, penetration, efficacy of subterranean and dry-wood termites. The absorption, retention, and penetration of boron compound were 69.10–96.41 kg/m3, 4.53–5.31 kg/m3, and 3.04–3.16 mm, respectively. Absorption, retention, and penetration of preservatives showed an increasing value by increasing the preservatives concentrations, with the highest values were obtained for 10% boron concentration. Graveyard test was used to evaluate the efficacy of boron in teak sapwood to subterranean termites. During 2 months observation, mass loss and degree of wood damage were 0.42-1.37% and 6.31-18.72%. Furthermore, the efficacy of boron was also conducted for dry-wood termites. The mass loss, degree of wood damage, and dry-wood termites mortality after 28 days observation were 1.46-1.67%, 29.45-32.38%, and 87.33-95.33%, respectively. The durability of boron treatened teak sapwood against subterranean and dry-wood termites was increased. The increasing of teak sapwood durability was characterized by reduction of mass loss and degree of wood damage compared to untreated teak sapwood (control).

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7

Feldhoff, Roger, Thomas Huth-Fehre, and Karl Cammann. "Detection of Inorganic Wood Preservatives on Timber by near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (1998): A171—A173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.189.

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The recycling of waste wood causes great problems due to the variety of toxic wood preservatives, varnishes and paints used. The fast and reliable distinction and sorting of treated and untreated wood on demolition sites could open new ways of wood recycling, e. g. for the production of chip boards. For this purpose, prepared wood samples treated with inorganic wood preservatives (arsenic, boron, copper salts) were investigated by near infrared-spectroscopy. In most cases, treated wood samples could be distinguished from untreated ones. Furthermore the type of wood preservative could be identified. The observed spectral features are electronic absorption bands and changes in the OH–band due to interaction with salt molecules.

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8

Kim, Yeong-Suk. "Current Research Trends in Wood Preservatives for Enhancing Durability - A Literature Review on Non-Copper Wood Preservatives -." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (2013): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2013.41.3.187.

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9

SHOJI, TAKAHARU. "The latest wood preservatives." Wood Preservation 12, no. 4 (1986): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.12.4_296.

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10

Micklitz, Hans-W. "Injuries from wood preservatives." Journal of Consumer Policy 12, no. 3 (1989): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00412145.

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11

Mbitnkeu Fetnga Tchebe, Tatiana, Jean-Bosco Saha Tchinda, Alexis Ngueteu Kamlo, Desiré Chimeni Yomeni, Arnaud Maxime Cheumani Yona, and Maurice Ndikontar Kor. "Efficiency evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and copper-ethanolamine in the protection of wood against a subterranean termite attack." Les/Wood 69, no. 1 (2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n01a04.

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The demand for environmentally safe preservatives for wood is increasing all around the world. This study is focused on the evaluation of the ability of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil and copper-ethanolamine to protect Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) against termites. Wood blocks were impregnated with solutions of Neem oil in acetone and/or an aqueous solution of copper-ethanolamine. Impregnated woods with a retention rate of up to 108.3 kg/m3 were obtained. A leaching experiment was used to determine the fixation of preservatives in wood. The termicidial effect of the preservatives was studied through exposure in a termitarium. Neem oil was less efficient for Sydney blue gum but showed significant protection for Ayous at a higher retention rate. At the concentration investigated, the treatment of both wood species with copper-ethanolamine solution was not suitable. However, a combination of copper-ethanolamine and Neem oil showed an improvement in the protection of Sydney blue gum wood. Nevertheless, the impregnated woods still suffered an increased termite attack after leaching.

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12

Kim, Yeong-Suk. "Current Research Trends in Wood Preservative for Enhanced Durability : A Literature Review on Copper Based Preservatives." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (2012): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2012.40.3.212.

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13

Anoop, E. V., V. J. Jeeshma, T. K. Dhamodaran, K. Vidyasagaran, Surabhi Lukose, and Francis Scaria. "Treatment of coconut palm wood using inorganic preservatives." ENTOMON 43, no. 4 (2018): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v43i4.406.

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Freshly felled coconut wood is very much susceptible to wood boring insects, moulds and stain fungi as it has high levels of sugar, starch and moisture content throughout the trunk. The objective of this study was to develop appropriate preservative methods to protect sawn coconut palm wood from insects and other pathogens under the prevailing eco-climatic conditions in Kerala and to evaluate the effect of different preservative factors on the treatability of coconut wood. Wood samples were treated with inorganic chemicals like Copper Chrome Boron - CCB and Borax Boric Acid – BBA by diffusion and pressure treatment, of which pressure treatment performed better. Diffusion treatment of inorganic preservatives in high and medium density wood showed no significant difference in retention whereas significant difference was observed for penetration percentage. For pressure treatment, retention and penetration were significant in high density wood whereas medium density wood showed only significant retention. Solution concentrations and overall retention and penetration percentage were found to be significantly related. The study found that sawn coconut wood samples could be effectively treated with preservatives complying with the prescribed retention and penetration percentages as per the different standards and therefore, could be used as a potential substitute for conventional timbers and the insect damage was negligible. No incidence of insects, particularly termites and pin hole borers was observed during the graveyard studies.

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14

Yazdani, Nur, Joy O. Kadnar, James A. Kainz, and Mike Ritter. "Parametric Study on Behavior of Stress-Laminated Southern Pine Bridge Decks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (2000): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-11.

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Stress-laminated timber bridge decks have gained popularity in the United States in recent years. As with all wood exposed to the environment, wood for these decks must be treated with preservatives. There has been reluctance to build chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood bridges because of concerns about dimensional stability. Because no research has been undertaken to investigate the use of CCA-treated southern pine stress-laminated bridge decks, a good resource for economical rural bridges has remained untapped. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of various wood preservatives on stress-laminated southern pine bridge decks. A total of nine decks with seven different preservatives were built and exposed to the environment for more than 2 years. Force levels in prestressing rods and wood moisture contents from each deck were continuously monitored. It was found that the short-term variations in the rod stress levels are less for decks with oil-type preservatives than for decks with CCA preservatives. The long-term performances of decks with both preservative types were found to be similar. The anchorage effect on deck performance was found to be negligible.

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15

Kurata, Yasundo, Yoichi Watanabe, Yusaku Ono, and Kiyoshi Kawamura. "Concentrations of organic wood preservatives in wood chips produced from wood wastes." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 7, no. 1 (2005): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-004-0124-z.

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16

Titarsole, Jimmy, Rohny Setiawan Maail, and Jimmy Johanson Fransz. "KETAHANAN KAYU GERGAJIAN KOMERSIL DI KOTA AMBON TERHADAP SERANGAN RAYAP." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 3, no. 2 (2019): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2019.3.2.186.

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This study was conducted to determine the resilience of sawn timber traded in the city of Ambon against the attack of wood destroyer organisms namely dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) and subteranian termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). The results showed that from feeding 3 types of wood using 3 types of preservatives on dry wood termites, Meranti with preservatives 1 (LATREX 400 EC) has the highest level of dried wood termites (48%), while Pulai with Papaya Leaf extract has the lowest mortality rate of dry wood termites (24%). The average loss of wood weight due to dry wood termite attack ranged from 4.04 to 11.68%, where the preservatives of papaya leaf extract have the highest weight loss of 11.68%, the lowest (4.04%) on Meranti with preservatives 1 (LATREX 400 EC). The level of weight loss test sample wood feeders that have been given preservatives against soil termite attack are very different in real with the treatment of solid wood comparator (control) of each type, where the percentage of weight loss test sample of wood that uses preservatives between 11.04-18.71%, while the percentage of weight loss of solid wood Meranti, Samama, and Pulai (without preservatives) amounted to 36.39%, 46.04% and 58.65%. Commercial sawn timber in the city of Ambon is more resistant to the attack of dry wood and soil termites when given the treatment of wood preservatives.

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17

Łebkowska, Maria, Monica Załęska-Radziwiłł, Anna Rutkowska-Narożniak, and Stanisław Kobiela. "Toxicity assessment of wood preservatives." Environment International 28, no. 8 (2003): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00113-7.

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18

Stroo, Hans, Chris Cosentini, Tedd Ronning, and Mark Larsen. "Natural biodegradation of wood preservatives." Remediation Journal 7, no. 4 (1997): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440070408.

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19

Barbero-López, Aitor, Jarkko Akkanen, Reijo Lappalainen, Sirpa Peräniemi, and Antti Haapala. "Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative." Science of The Total Environment 753 (January 2021): 142013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142013.

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20

Borges, Cilene Cristina, Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli, Thiago Moreira Cruz, Paulo Junio Duarte, and Thomaz Antunes Junqueira. "NANOPARTICLES-BASED WOOD PRESERVATIVES: THE NEXT GENERATION OF WOOD PROTECTION?" CERNE 24, no. 4 (2018): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201824042531.

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21

YAMAMOTO, Koichi, and Hideo ISHIDA. "Effects of pressure treatment with wood preservatives on pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) mortality. (I). Basic effects of wood preservatives." Wood Preservation 28, no. 3 (2002): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.28.103.

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22

Lee, Hansol, Won-Joung Hwang, Hyun-Mi Lee, and Dong-Won Son. "Effectiveness of Three Commercial Wood Preservatives against Termite in Korea." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 43, no. 6 (2015): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2015.43.6.804.

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23

DIAS, K. B., and R. M. BARREIROS. "PRESERVATIVES FOR RAPID GROWTH TIMBER - A REVIEW." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (2018): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.244_periodico30_pgs_241_251.pdf.

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The shortage of species that are resistant to biological deterioration has forced man to use less durable, mainly fast-growing, reforestations, such as some species of Eucalyptus and Pinus. These species have moderate or no resistance to the attack of biological agents and require condoms. The decomposition of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi causes significant economic loss. Until recently, the most widely used wood preservative was chromium copper arsenate (CCA). However, the use of CCA in the treatment of wood has been banned for more than a decade because of issues raised regarding the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. As CCA replacements, arsenic-free and chrome-free wood preservatives are sought. Thus, the aim of research has been to develop environmentally correct and effective products against the attack of biodeteriorating agents. This article reviews the alternatives you have searched for. The search for alternatives to current condoms has been efficient, but not effective, that is, a viable alternative to existing products has not yet been found. Based on several studies, the demand for a preservative for wood can be divided into extractives of plants and by-products of processes.

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24

Stirling, Rod. "Near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential quality assurance tool for the wood preservation industry." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 05 (2013): 654–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-117.

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Preservatives are used to extend the service life of wood used in situations where it is vulnerable to biodegradation. Wood preservation standards typically specify quality assurance procedures to differentiate heartwood and sapwood and to measure preservative loading and penetration. For spruce and hem–fir there are no reliable chemical spot tests to differentiate sapwood and heartwood. This makes it more difficult for these species to meet penetration requirements. For many of the recently introduced carbon-based preservatives, the only methods available to determine penetration involve detecting a surrogate in the formulation, or only some of the active ingredients. Multivariate models based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been used to predict a wide range of wood properties over the past 20 years. The present research evaluates the potential use of NIRS-based models as quality assurance tools for the wood preservation industry. Models were developed to differentiate hemlock and amabilis fir sapwood and heartwood. NIRS-based models were also able to differentiate untreated wood from wood treated with DDACarbonate and wood treated with tebuconazole. Models developed to predict DDACarbonate and tebuconazole retention were moderately accurate, but likely not precise enough to replace current quantitative assays.

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25

Shanu, SA, AK Das, MM Rahman, and M. Ashaduzzaman. "Effect of Chromate-Copper-Boron preservative treatment on physical and mechanical properties of Raj koroi (Albizia richardiana) wood." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, no. 3 (2015): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i3.25583.

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This experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of CCB (chromate-copper-boron) preservative treatment on physical and mechanical properties of Albizia richardiana wood using dipping method. Retention of preservative was maximum at 8% concentration of the preservatives. Based on the retention at this concentration, the physical and mechanical properties of the treated wood were examined. The density of untreated A. richardiana wood was 521 kg/m3. It changed to 542 kg/m3 on treatment. This increase in density by 2.30% for treated wood was significant. On the other hand, modulus of rupture (MOR) increased significantly from 93 to 107 N/mm2 on treatment of the wood. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased from 3205 to 4861 N/mm2. Physical and mechanical properties of the wood improved by treating with CCB preservative.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 189-192, 2015

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26

OGURA, KOH. "Analysis of phoxim-type wood preservatives." Wood Preservation 13, no. 5 (1987): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.13.209.

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27

Cordier, S., M. Poisson, M. Gerin, J. Varin, F. Conso, and D. Hemon. "Gliomas and exposure to wood preservatives." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45, no. 10 (1988): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.45.10.705.

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28

Pernak, Juliusz, Jadwiga Zabielska-Matejuk, and Edmund Urbanik. "New Quaternary Ammonium Chlorides - Wood Preservatives." Holzforschung 52, no. 3 (1998): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.3.249.

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29

Hay, Alastair, and C. R. J. Singer. "Wood preservatives, solvents, and thrombocytopenic purpura." Lancet 338, no. 8769 (1991): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91496-h.

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30

MIYAZAKI, Junko. "Bond ability of Glued-Laminated Wood Treated with Preservatives: Effect of Wood Preservatives on Adhesive Properties." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 42, no. 6 (2006): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.42.238.

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31

Oh, Jeong-Joo, and Gyu-Hyeok Kim. "The effects of pH on copper leaching from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives." Holzforschung 74, no. 9 (2020): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0218.

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AbstractAs pH of leaching medium is an important factor in the leaching of wood preservative components, its effects on leaching should be quantified to ensure environmentally safe use of treated wood. In this study, the effects of pH on leaching of copper from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives [alkaline copper quat (ACQ)-2, bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-copper (CuHDO)-3, and copper azole (CUAZ)-3] were evaluated in comparison with wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-3. Radiata pine sapwood blocks treated with these preservatives were leached at five pH levels (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 6.5). The leached blocks were subjected to laboratory-scale decay tests using two brown-rot fungi. The blocks treated with copper amine-based preservatives leached significant amounts of copper at pH levels below 4.0. At all pH levels, the CuHDO-3-treated samples generally leached the most copper, followed by the samples treated with ACQ-2, CUAZ-3, and CCA-3. When the treated blocks were leached at pH 3.0, the degradation of hemicelluloses, which can chemically adsorb copper, was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the ratio of precipitates of the remaining copper in the treated wood severely decreased after leaching at pH levels below 4.0. Subsequent reduction in the biological effectiveness of wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives was not hardly observed after leaching at pH levels 4.0 or above. These results indicate that copper loss at pH levels 4.0 or above is not great enough to cause public concern about environmental problems and reduction of biological efficacy in practical applications.

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32

Syofuna, A., A. Y. Banana, and G. Nakabonge. "Efficiency of natural wood extractives as wood preservatives against termite attack." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 14, no. 2 (2012): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2012000200003.

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33

Asari, Misuzu, Hiroshi Takatsuki, and Shin-ichi Sakai. "Behavior of Wood Preservatives in Waste Wood Recycling: Particle Board Manufacturing." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 15, no. 2 (2004): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.15.139.

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34

Suzuki, Tsutomu, Shuichi Doi, Masaomi Yamakawa, Kei Yamamoto, Taku Watanabe, and Minoru Funaki. "Recovery of Wood Preservatives from Wood Pyrolysis Tar by Solvent Extraction." Holzforschung 51, no. 3 (1997): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.3.214.

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35

Dhiman, Bandana, and Bhupender Dutt. "Evaluation of Acorus calamus L. rhizome extract as a bio preservative against wood fungal decay." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1574.

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Wood is most preferred structural material throughout the world and is considered as a complex biological composite with ubiquitous nature. Throughout the world there is an immense pressure on primary durable timbers due to their ever increasing demand. To reduce pressure on the primary species like; Teak, Sal and Deodar etc. one has to look for the other lesser known or secondary species as an alternative. Durability of these species can be enhanced with application of different preservatives and for this one of the best approach is to use herbal based ecofriendly preservatives rather than hazardous chemicals. In this study, the antifungal activity of Acorus calamus rhizome extract was tested on less durable local wood species. The results showed that average growth of Polyporus fungus on taken wood samples were retarded up to 69.44% after applying 2% concentration of rhizome extract and act as suitable bio-preservative for non durable wood species.

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36

Schubert, M., T. Volkmer, C. Lehringer, and F. W. M. R. Schwarze. "Resistance of bioincised wood treated with wood preservatives to blue-stain and wood-decay fungi." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 65, no. 1 (2011): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.10.003.

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37

Wang, Ju Wei. "Study on Extraction of Xylan and in Wood Preservation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.102.

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Xylan preservative is harmless to humans and animals, contaminate the environment of new wood preservatives.This paper from bagasse, rice husk, corncob, xylan extracted from birch, testing the corrosion resistance of these four preservatives and CCA compared with the results show that: white rot fungus specimen weight loss rates were: Bagasse xylan: 2.41%, rice husk xylan: 2.65%, corn cob xylan: 2.53%, birch xylan: 2.33%, CCA rate of 4.08% weight loss.

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38

YAMAMOTO, Koichi, and Hideo ISHIDA. "Effects of pressure treatment with wood preservatives on pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) mortality. (II). Effects of pressure treatment with wood preservatives." Wood Preservation 28, no. 4 (2002): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.28.144.

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39

Humar, M., F. Pohleven, M. Šentjurc, et al. "Performance of Waterborne Cu(II) Octanoate/Ethanolamine Wood Preservatives." Holzforschung 57, no. 2 (2003): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.020.

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Summary Various aqueous wood preservative solutions containing Cu(II) in the form of copper(II) sulphate or copper(II) octanoate, ethanolamine and in one case octanoic acid were investigated by spectrophotometry, polarography and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Results have shown the same coordination environment around Cu(II) in all solutions with ethanolamine. Computer simulation of the EPR spectra also revealed that the coordination in the first coordination sphere of copper is the same at low concentration of ethanolamine. At 20% ethanolamine concentration, a mixture of two complexes (one with two nitrogens and the other with three) could be detected. The active compound in the investigated ethanolamine containing solutions is the same when previously synthesised copper(II) octanoate was used, or when copper(II) sulphate and octanoic acid were utilized instead. Fungicidal and leaching experiments with the treated wood resulted in the same conclusion: it is not necessary to use pre-synthesised copper(II) octanoate for the preparation of waterborne copper/ethanolamine wood preservatives. Preservative preparation time and costs can be reduced by simply dissolving copper(II) sulphate and octanoic acid in aqueous ethanolamine solutions.

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Lee, Sung-Suk, Byoung-Jun Ahn, and Sung-Taig Cho. "Antimicrobial Activities of Wood Vinegar and Application as Natural Fungicides and Food Preservatives." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 38, no. 4 (2010): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2010.38.4.341.

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Lee, Min, Eun-Chang Kang, and Sang-Min Lee. "Evaluation of Anti-Sapstain Activity of Rice Powder Adhesives Modified with Wood Preservatives." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (2016): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2016.44.6.872.

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Cahyana, Budi Tri. "SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU JATI (Tectona grandis) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET KAYU DURIAN (Durio zibethinus)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 4, no. 2 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v4i2.1201.

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Durian wood (Durio zibethinus) from unproductive trees is a potential source of wood as raw material for furniture industry, but it has the weakness of vurnability to the wood insects such as dry wood termites. The objective of research is to find out the effectiveness of sawdust extract of teak wood (Tectona grandis) in preventing the decaying of durian wood. Thus the effort can improve the properties of durian wood. The preservative used in the research is extract of teak sawdust, i.e 250 gr/5 l water, 500 gr/5 l water and 750 gr/5 l. The preservation is used by cold soaking to the solution resulted from extraction for 7 days. The result of research shows that the application of teak sawdust for 500 gr/5 l water is sufficiently effective, because it causes the mortality of dry wood termites for 100,00 % and the retention of 17, 01 mg/cm3.Keywords: teak sawdust, durian wood, natural preservatives, mortality, retention.

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Li, Gan, Darrel D. Nicholas, and Tor P. Schultz. "Development of an accelerated soil-contact decay test." Holzforschung 61, no. 2 (2007): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.037.

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Abstract An accelerated method to evaluate wood preservatives for soil contact was explored using thin (4 mm) pine sticks in small decay cups containing non-sterile soil and wood compost-amended soil. The extent of wood decay was measured by monitoring changes in the bending elasticity (MOE) of the test samples, which was found to be a sensitive measure of the decay extent for both chromated copper arsenate (CCA)- and copper naphthenate (CuNap)-treated wood, and untreated wood. The decay rate was rapid, with significant decay detected in untreated wood after only 2 months of exposure. Decay in both treated and untreated wood samples was observed sooner when the soil was amended with wood compost. The compost-amended soil also gave significantly higher copper depletion for CCA- but not CuNap-treated wood. Although the results from this test should not be extrapolated to predict field test performance, it does appear to be applicable for rapid comparison of the performance of new and established preservative systems.

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SHIOZAWA, Kazunobu. "Fixation of aminecal copper-boron-zinc-silicon (CBZS) wood preservatives in wood." Wood Preservation 32, no. 3 (2006): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.32.90.

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Onuorah, Eugene Onyekwe. "Relative efficacy of heartwood extracts and proprietory wood preservatives as wood protectants." Journal of Forestry Research 13, no. 3 (2002): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02871694.

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Setiawati, Evy. "DAYA TAHAN ROTAN YANG DIAWETKAN DENGAN CUKA KAYU GALAM TERHADAP SERANGAN BUBUK Dinoderus minutus Farb." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 2, no. 2 (2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v2i2.1141.

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Rattan on frequently attacked by the powder post beetle (Tellu, 2001). The prevention of dry powder attacks is done by preservation. The increasing resistant of rattan from insect attack can be done by an environmentally friendly preservative, the Galam wood vinegar. This research aims to determine the most effective concentration of preservative that shows the lowest attacks level of D. Farb minutus powder. The rattan used is green rattan (Calamus sp.) The concentration of preservative that are used:10%, 40%, 70% and 100%. The testing of dry powder attack used force feedback method. The effectiveness test parameters of wood vinegar to dry powder attacks included degree of protection Dinoderus minutus Farb. powder, reduction percentage of rattan weight and the mortality of dry powder Dinoderus sp for toxicological testing of wood vinegar. The test results showed that the degree of protection powder in rattan growing along with the increased concentration of preservatives. The higher the concentration of wood vinegar, the smaller the reduction of rattan weight and the higher the mortality rate of dry powder. Keywords: resistant of rattan, wood vinegar, Dinoderus minutus.

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Schild, Anna, and Julie Cool. "Visually sorting waste wood — an exploratory study." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 9 (2021): 1377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0374.

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Waste wood collected at the Vancouver landfill has been sorted based on the visibility of coatings, paints, and the green colorization of wood typically associated with wood preservatives. The sorted material was then ground and tested with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) for heavy metal elements that are toxic or harmful to humans and (or) the environment. Results indicated that wood preservatives were not visually detectable but paints and coatings were. Therefore, the study demonstrated that visual sorting is not sufficiently accurate to distinguish between treated and clean or untreated waste wood.

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Rättö, M., A. C. Ritschkoff, and L. Viikari. "Enzymatically polymerized phenolic compounds as wood preservatives." Holzforschung 58, no. 4 (2004): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.067.

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Abstract Phenolic compounds were studied as natural preservatives against wood decaying fungi. Vanillin and tannin decreased the growth of the test organisms Coniophora puteana and Coriolus versicolor and decreased the weight losses caused by these organisms in wood blocks. Both compounds were, however, leached in standard washing tests, and higher weight losses were observed in leached samples. Enzymatic polymerization with laccase was used as a means of binding the phenolic preservatives into the wood. Using an optimized laccase dosage, wood impregnation with enzymatically polymerized vanillin reduced the weight loss by C. puteana from 25% to 5%.

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SHIZAWA, TOSHIYASU. "What Safty of Wood Preservatives should be?" Wood Preservation 20, no. 3 (1994): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.20.142.

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ISHIDA, HIDEO. "Establishment of JIS Standard for Wood Preservatives." Wood Preservation 21, no. 5 (1995): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.21.251.

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