To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Woody trees.
Journal articles on the topic 'Woody trees'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Woody trees.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gauci, Vincent, Sunitha Rao Pangala, Alexander Shenkin, et al. "Global atmospheric methane uptake by upland tree woody surfaces." Nature 631, no. 8022 (2024): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07592-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMethane is an important greenhouse gas1, but the role of trees in the methane budget remains uncertain2. Although it has been shown that wetland and some upland trees can emit soil-derived methane at the stem base3,4, it has also been suggested that upland trees can serve as a net sink for atmospheric methane5,6. Here we examine in situ woody surface methane exchange of upland tropical, temperate and boreal forest trees. We find that methane uptake on woody surfaces, in particular at and above about 2 m above the forest floor, can dominate the net ecosystem contribution of trees, resulting in a net tree methane sink. Stable carbon isotope measurement of methane in woody surface chamber air and process-level investigations on extracted wood cores are consistent with methanotrophy, suggesting a microbially mediated drawdown of methane on and in tree woody surfaces and tissues. By applying terrestrial laser scanning-derived allometry to quantify global forest tree woody surface area, a preliminary first estimate suggests that trees may contribute 24.6–49.9 Tg of atmospheric methane uptake globally. Our findings indicate that the climate benefits of tropical and temperate forest protection and reforestation may be greater than previously assumed.
2
Azuma, David. "The Effects of a Western Spruce Budworm Outbreak on the Dead Wood Component in Relation to Ownership in Forests of Eastern Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 4 (2010): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.4.176.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Forest Inventory and Analysis data were used to investigate the effects of a severe western spruce budworm outbreak on the dead wood component of forests in 11 counties of eastern Oregon for two time periods. The ownership and the level of damage (as assessed by aerial surveys) affected the resulting down woody material and standing dead trees. The pattern of coarse woody debris with respect to ownership and management intensity remained consistent into the next 10-year period. Harvesting tended to lower the amount of coarse woody debris on private forests. Federally managed forests had more standing dead trees than private lands, with more in the reserved than nonreserved areas. There was a reduction in the number of standing dead trees between the two periods.
3
Storozhenko, V. G. "The balance of the woody fraction of the indigenous spruce forests’ biomass in the European Russia’s taiga." Лесоведение, no. 1 (August 8, 2024): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0024114824010022.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the structural features of indigenous taiga’s woody fractions allows us to evaluate the balance process of accumulation and decomposition of woody biomass in forest communities. The purpose of the research is to study, using the example of European taiga’s spruce forests, the processes and organisms involved in forming the balance of biomass of woody fractions in indigenous ecosystems of different ages and with different dynamic characteristics. The research objects were located in the spruce forests of the northern, middle and southern taiga of European Russia. On permanent study plots (PSP), the diameters of trunks and the age of trees were determined, age series were put together by generations, and the total volumes of trees, forest stands and woody waste were calculated. Within the generations of the aforementioned age series and the forest stands overall, infestations by wood-decaying fungi (WDF) of biotrophic and xylotrophic complexes were determined. Indigenous spruce forests of the taiga have a complex multi-aged structure, differing in volume and trees infestation rate by WDF of the biotrophic complex within both the generations and the forest stands as a whole. It determines the different phase position of ecosystems. The trend of increasing tree infestation rate from younger to older generations is interpreted as a pattern. To calculate the balance of woody fractions biomass in a forest ecosystem, it is necessary to combine within a single time process the woody fractions of the forest stand and woody waste — dead wood and the current woody waste. The main factor in the formation of the biomass balance of a spruce community is the rate of wood accumulation and decomposition processes. In native spruce forests of different ages in the taiga zone, the rate of xylolysis of wood waste by WDF is several times higher than the rate of biomass accumulation in the forest stand. The balance of the biomass accumulation and decomposition processes intensity is presented as the balance coefficient of the spruce community’s woody fractions biomass, showing how much does the rate of the woody waste decomposition process performed by the xylotrophic complex fungi exceeds the rate of the biomass accumulation process in the living part of the forest stand. Possessing an enormous xylolytic activity, the WDF of the xylotrophic complex decompose woody waste at a rate exceeding the rate of woody biomass accumulation by the phytocenosis, thereby maintaining the balance of the biomass of the forest community and its stability.
4
Telewski, Frank W. "Intra-Annual Spiral Compression Wood: A Record of Low-Frequency Gravitropic Circumnutational Movement in Trees." IAWA Journal 9, no. 3 (1988): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001076.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of detailed studies on circumnutational growth movements have focused on herbaceous plants or on the primary growth of woody plant seedlings, ignoring completely secondary growth in woody plants. The relatively rapid movement in herbaceous tissues consists of two components: an autonomous growth rhythm and a gravitropic response. Since there is a gravitropic component to circumnutational movement and a gravitropic stimulus can induce compression wood formation, the formation of a compression wood spiral may be expected if there is a circumnutational movement of a woody stern. It is suggested here, that observed spirals of compression wood within annual growth rings in Pinus taeda L. and Abies concolor (Gord. ' Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. represents an annual record of a slower circumnutational growth movement. Data derived from observations of greenhouse- grown 3-year-old Pinus taeda seedlings indicate that there are two distinct circumnutational patterns of different rotation al frequency present in woody plants associated with primary and secondary tissues.
5
Fazan, Laurence, Yi-Gang Song, and Gregor Kozlowski. "The Woody Planet: From Past Triumph to Manmade Decline." Plants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111593.
Full textAbstract:
Woodiness evolved in land plants approximately 400 Mya, and very soon after this evolutionary invention, enormous terrestrial surfaces on Earth were covered by dense and luxurious forests. Forests store close to 80% of the biosphere’s biomass, and more than 60% of the global biomass is made of wood (trunks, branches and roots). Among the total number of ca. 374,000 plant species worldwide, approximately 45% (138,500) are woody species—e.g., trees, shrubs or lianas. Furthermore, among all 453 described vascular plant families, 191 are entirely woody (42%). However, recent estimations demonstrate that the woody domination of our planet was even greater before the development of human civilization: 1.4 trillion trees, comprising more than 45% of forest biomass, and 35% of forest cover disappeared during the last few thousands of years of human dominance on our planet. The decline in the woody cover of Planet Earth did not decelerate during the last few centuries or decades. Ongoing overexploitation, land use and climate change have pushed ten thousand woody species to the brink of extinction. Our review highlights the importance, origin and past triumph of woody species and summarizes the unprecedented recent decline in woody species on our planet.
6
Eskelson, Bianca N. I., Vicente J. Monleon, and Jeremy S. Fried. "A 6 year longitudinal study of post-fire woody carbon dynamics in California’s forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 5 (2016): 610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0375.
Full textAbstract:
We examined the dynamics of aboveground forest woody carbon pools — live trees, standing dead trees, and down wood — during the first 6 years following wildfire across a wide range of conditions, which are characteristic of California forest fires. From repeated measurements of the same plots, we estimated change in woody carbon pools as a function of crown fire severity as indicated by a post-fire index, years since fire, pre-fire woody carbon, forest type group (hardwood vs. softwood), elevation, and climate attributes. Our analysis relied on 130 U.S. national forest inventory plots measured before and 1 year after fire, with one additional remeasurement within 6 years after fire. There was no evidence of net change in total wood carbon, defined for this study as the wood in standing trees larger than 12.7 cm diameter at breast height and down wood larger than 7.6 cm in diameter, over the post-fire period in any of the three severity classes. Stands that burned at low severity exhibited considerable shifts from live to standing dead and down wood pools. In stands that burned at moderate severity, live wood decreased significantly whereas no net change was detected in standing dead or down wood. High severity fire burning resulted in movement from standing dead to down wood pools. Our results suggest that the carbon trajectories for stand-replacing fires may not be appropriate for the majority of California’s forest area that burned at low to moderate severities.
7
Li, Zihao, Wenxin Liu, Xinyu Xue, et al. "The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Trees on the Diversity of Forest Communities Worldwide Are Greater than Those of Ectotrophic Mycorrhiza Trees." Diversity 16, no. 9 (2024): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16090587.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction between woody plants and mycorrhizal fungi is an important biological interaction; however, the driving factors behind the diversity of mycorrhizal trees formed through the symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and woody plants remain unclear. In this study, we collected and compiled the woody plant data of 34 forest dynamic plots containing 3350 species from habitats around the world and divided them into AM and EcM trees. We tested the contribution of AM and EcM trees to tree diversity and its components in forest communities worldwide. Our results showed that AM trees rather than EcM trees affect the tree diversity of forest communities, and that the diversity of AM trees has a significant latitudinal gradient pattern. Climate variables, especially temperature, are strongly correlated with the diversity patterns for AM trees rather than EcM trees. Topography is the most significant factor affecting the diversity of EcM trees. Our findings highlight the importance of AM trees for the tree diversity of forest communities worldwide. Our findings have important implications for understanding the response of complex woody plant communities with different types of mycorrhizal symbiosis to climate change.
8
Jankovský, L., D. Lička, and K. Ježek. "Inventory of dead wood in the Kněhyně-Čertův mlýn National Nature Reserve, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 4 (2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4612-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
In four permanent experimental plots, dead wood was inventory under conditions of mountain forest ecosystems of the Kněhyně-Čertův ml&yacute;n National Nature Reserve, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Down woody material, standing dead trees as well as living trees were recorded. Data obtained were used to determine partial and summarized volumes of dead wood and its proportion in a living stand. Each of the surveyed areas was described not only from the viewpoint of mensuration but also with respect to subsequently carried out studies of biodiversity of wood mycoflora, succession of decomposition processes, natural regeneration on the dead wood etc. Mean volume of dead wood and a share in the total standing volume reaches 132 m<sup>3</sup>/ha(40%), of this 86 m<sup>3</sup>/hais down woody material and 46 m<sup>3</sup>/havolume of standing dead trees. Mean total standing volume per ha amounted to 332 m<sup>3</sup>/ha in the region of the Kněhyně-Čertův ml&yacute;n NNR.
9
Blinkova, Olena, and Oleksandra Ivanenko. "Communities of woody vegetation and wood destroying fungi in natural and semi-natural forests of kyiv city, Ukraine." Central European Forestry Journal 64, no. 1 (2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0030.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSelected forestry parameters were investigated in the system of trees and wood-destroying fungi in the natural forests of the Kyiv city on a gradient of recreational transformation. We investigated the vitality, age compositions, and health condition of woody plants (11 species), and species, systematic, trophic and spatial compositions of xylotrophic fungi (51 species, 224 findings of xylotrophs representing 34 genera, 20 families, 7 orders of divisions Basidiomycota; class Agaricomycetes). The results showed that communities of woody vegetation and xylotrophic fungi in forests depend on the degree of recreational transformation of the environment. Vitality, age compositions and health condition of trees altered species composition of xylotrophs.
10
Robison, E. George, and Robert L. Beschta. "Identifying Trees in Riparian Areas That Can Provide Coarse Woody Debris to Streams." Forest Science 36, no. 3 (1990): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/36.3.790.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The natural fall of trees into mountain streams provides coarse woody debris that can improve fish habitat and influence stream morphology. Geometric and empirical equations, based on tree size and distance from the stream, were used to determine the conditional probability of a tree's adding coarse woody debris to a stream. Additional equations were developed to relate this probability to basal area factor. For conditions in the Pacific Northwest, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) was selected to illustrate how the equations can be used for varying tree sizes and probabilities. After selecting a probability and determining basal area factor by these equations, resource managers can use prisms or wedge devices before timber harvesting in riparian areas to identify specific trees that can potentially add woody debris to the stream. For. Sci. 36(3):790-801.
11
Chornobrov, O., and O. Khodyn. "Ecological assessment of dead wood volume in hornbeam-maple-ash forest in «Medobory» Nature Reserve." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2022.273247.
Full textAbstract:
The volume of coarse woody detritus in the 112- year-old hornbeam-maple-ash forest stand of natural origin in «Medobory» Nature Reserve have been studied. The study of dead wood was carried out on a sample plot (0.48 ha) by the method of full accounting. The volume of woody detritus in the forest ecosystem is 62.7 m3∙ha–1and consists of fallen (82.9%) and standing (17.1%) deadwood. The main part of the dead wood volume is formed one tree species — common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) (93.0%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–IV classes of decomposition, while detritus of decomposition stage I prevails (44.2%), shares of other stages are slightly smaller: II (30.9%), III (23.6%) and share of stage IV is insignificant (1.3%). No coarse detritus of the last (V) decomposition stage was found on studied plot. The volume of standing dead wood is 10.7 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by broken dead trees. In terms of tree species composition, common ash dominates (94.4%), and the share of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is insignificant (5.6%). In the total standing dead wood volume, wood of decomposition stage I predominates (9.4 m3∙ha–1, 87.9%), compared with stage II (1.3 m3∙ha–1, 12.1%). Volume of fallen dead wood is 52.0 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of fallen trees (trunks) and rough branches. In terms of species composition, woody detritus of common ash predominates (48.2 m3∙ha–1, 92.7%), and the proportions of other species are insignificant. Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (I–IV). In terms of volume, decomposition stage I (18.3 m3∙ha–1, 35.2%) and stage II (18.1 m3∙ha–1, 34.8%) prevail, detritus of stage III is less (14.8 m3∙ha–1, 28.5%), and the share of stage IV is insignificant. Low volumes of late decomposition stages of woody detritus is explained mainly by influence of forestry activity in the past and relatively short period of strict regime of nature conservation, during which the forest ecosystem developed without human intervention.
12
Pari, Luigi, Alessandro Suardi, Leonardo Longo, Monica Carnevale, and Francesco Gallucci. "Jatropha curcas, L. Pruning Residues for Energy: Characteristics of an Untapped By-Product." Energies 11, no. 7 (2018): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071622.
Full textAbstract:
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas, L.) is an energy crop mainly cultivated for the oil-seed, and the oil is usually used as bio-fuel. However, few studies have reported information about the utilization of the wood as a fuel for boiler heating systems. With 2500 jatropha trees per hectare, it is possible to produce about 3 t·ha−1·y−1 of woody biomass from pruning. In addition, jatropha trees are commonly cut down to a height of 45 cm once every 10 years, with a production of 80 t·ha−1 of dry matter of woody biomass. The use of this biomass has not yet been investigated. During the European project JatroMed, woody biomass from jatropha pruning was collected in Morocco. Chemical and physical characteristics of the wood were conducted according to UNI EN ISO standards. The following jatropha wood characteristics have been analyzed: Moisture and ash contents, the ash melting point, heating value, and concentrations of C, H, N, and S. This research focused on the evaluation of the potential use of jatropha pruning for energy production, and the results represent critical data that is useful for future studies and business potential.
13
Kane, Michael E. "Micropropagation of woody trees and fruits." Journal of Plant Physiology 161, no. 7 (2004): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.04.001.
Full text
14
ZWARTS, LEO, ROB G. BIJLSMA, and JAN VAN DER KAMP. "Arboreal birds do not avoid scattered trees in West Africa." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 2 (2018): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000217.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryArboreal birds tend to remain in woody vegetation and avoid crossing open areas. Therefore, few tree-dwelling birds are to be expected in scattered trees. We tested this expectation with field data collected in the deserts, savannas and open agricultural parklands of West Africa where woody cover in 1,327 stratified random study sites varied between 0.2 and 29%. We found no evidence that scattered trees were avoided. Instead, bird density in trees was independent of trees occurring clumped or singly. The presence of birds in an individual tree was related to tree species and tree-related variables, but not to woody cover or species composition of the surrounding woody vegetation. We hypothesise that scattered trees are not avoided because (1) travel time between trees is too short to have a negative impact on foraging time, (2) predation risk of arboreal passerines is very low (bird-hunting raptors are scarce in the deserts and savannas of West Africa and mostly prey on ground-feeding, not arboreal, birds), and (3) the probability of being chased away by other arboreal birds is less when trees are more scattered. Scattered trees are ecologically important since hundreds of millions of migratory woodland birds, of which several species are in decline, spend the northern winter in Africa in open, often human-modified, landscapes where trees are well spaced.
15
Majumdar, Koushik, and B. Datta. "A quantitative checklist of woody angiosperm diversity,population structure and habitat grouping in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary of Tripura, northeast India." Check List 10, no. (5) (2014): 976–96. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.5.976.
Full textAbstract:
A quantitative vegetation inventory was conducted in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary of Tripura, Northeast India. Twenty five 500×10 m belt transects were used to record diversity and population structure of woody angiosperms. Overall 289 species belonging to 158 genera and 64 families were recorded at ≥10 cm GBH (Girth at Breast Height). Moraceae (25 spp.), Phyllanthaceae (21 spp.), Leguminosae (21 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (15 spp.), and Rubiaceae (14 spp.) were the top five families with highest species diversity. Habit wise, 226 species were trees, 25 woody shrubs, 23 woody climbers, 6 bamboos, 6 rattan and 3 palm species. Shannon–Wiener diversity index values ranged between 1.42–4.25, and Simpson dominance index ranged between 0.02–0.42. Mean species richness index was 2.83 and species evenness index was 0.78. The present quantitative checklist indicates the potential plant resources of the sanctuary which can be used for future biodiversity inventories and species conservation.
16
Hopkins, A. J. M., M. A. Dick, and I. G. Simpson. "Survival of Neonectria fuckeliana in woody material." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6863.
Full textAbstract:
In southern New Zealand Neonectria fuckeliana is associated with a stem flute canker of Pinus radiata which can result in severe stem malformation and growth loss This research consisting of three distinct experiments aimed to determine pathogen survival in processed and unprocessed wood and woody debris In the first experiment the survival of the pathogen in living trees was examined by sampling trees infected with N fuckeliana in 6 different years In the second experiment the survival of the pathogen in woody debris was examined using 36 infected logs in a range of sizeclasses The logs were left on the forest floor in shaded and unshaded conditions and sampled for N fuckeliana after 4 and 9 months The third experiment examined the survival of the pathogen in processed wood Boards cut from infected trees were tested in six standard timber drying treatments Boards were sampled before and after drying to determine the presence of living N fuckeliana Neonectria fuckeliana was successfully isolated from trees at all infection times tested The fungus was also successfully isolated from 81 of logs after 9 months on the forest floor There was no significant difference between shaded and unshaded treatments Neonectria fuckeliana was not found in any boards following kilndrying but was successfully isolated from 69 of infected boards subjected to the two standard airdrying treatments for 9 weeks
17
Singh, Arvind, and S. Joshi. "Woody plant diversity along Tons Riverine ecosystem in Uttarakhand (India)." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 4 (2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-gcsdx6.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper incorporates the woody plant diversity along the Tons river forest ecosystem from Naitwar to Tiuni (42km). This study is restricted to 100m from either side of the river. Tons riverine forest ecosystem supports 156 species, 122 genera and 62 families. The growth habit of the woody flora indicates high percentage of shrubs 50% followed by large trees 39%, woody climber 6% and small trees 5%. The study site indicates rich woody vegetation showing interconnectivity of high altitude and low altitude specific plant species.
18
Chornobrov, O., I. Tymochko, and O. Bezrodnova. "Volume of woody detritus in fresh maple-linden dibrova in Slobozhanskyi National Nature Park." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2021.237995.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the volume of coarse woody detritus in fresh maple-linden-dibrova in Slobozhanskyi National Nature Park. The study was carried out in 115-year-old forest with a predominance of common oak (Quercus robur L.) of natural origin on a sample plot (0.24 ha) by identifying and measuring of standing and lying dead wood components. The volume of dead wood in the forest ecosystem is 32.4 m3·ha–1 and consists of fallen (84.3%) and standing (15.7%). The main part of the dead wood volume is formed by one tree species — common oak (91.3%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–IV stages of decomposition, at the same time detritus of III (52.5%) and II (41.7%) stages prevails, detritus of other decomposition stages has insignificant shares (not exceeding 5.0%). No detritus of the last (V) stage of decomposition was detected. The volume of standing dead wood was 5.1 m3·ha–1 and is formed by whole and broken dead trees. In terms of species composition, common oak predominates (80.4%), other species have much smaller shares: small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) (13.7%) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) (5.9%). The volume of standing dead wood is dominated by detritus of decomposition stage II (4.8 m3·ha–1, 94.1%), compared with stage I (0.3 m3·ha–1, 5.9%). The volume of lying dead wood is 27.3 m3·ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of fallen trees (trunks) and thick branches. In terms of species composition dead wood volume is dominated by common oak detritus (25.6 m3·ha–1, 93.7%), and the shares of other species are insignificant. Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (I–IV). In terms of volume, decomposition stage III has an absolute advantage (16.9 m3·ha–1, 61.9%), much less detritus of stage II (8.7 m3·ha–1, 31.9%). Relatively low volume of woody detritus and the absence of dead wood of decomposition stage V may be associated with forestry activities, including selective sanitary cutting and fallen woody debris removal, in the past in modern NNP areas.
19
Anoh Denis-Esdras, Amon, Sylla Moussa, Kouadio Affoue Roseline, and Soro Dodiomon. "INFLUENCE OF WOODY FRUIT SPECIES SUSCEPTIBLE TO LORANTHACEAE ON THE LEVEL OF INFESTATION OF COCOA TREES: CASE OF AGROFORESTRY COCOA FARMING SYSTEMS IN DALOA (COTE DIVOIRE)." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 04 (2025): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20698.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Cocoa farms integrate silvicultural practices into agricultural operations, making it possible to build agroforestry systems favoring the conservation of useful woody and fruit species. Unfortunately, these species are parasitized to varying degrees by Loranthaceae, thus becoming foci of infestation within cocoa plantations. The present study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of these Loranthaceae parasites of fruiting species in cocoa plantations and to assess the influence of susceptibility to these species on the degree of infestation of cocoa trees. Methods: Floristic inventories carried out in 16 agroforestry cocoa-growing systems in four localities around Daloa. Results: Three Loranthaceae species: Phragmanthera capitata, Tapinanthus bangwensis and T. globiferus parasitize 60 woody fruit species both wild and cultivated. T. bangwensis, with a high preponderance of host taxa, is the main parasitic species. These 60 fruit species belong to 44 genera in 25 families. The families most affected are the Rutaceae (7 taxa), followed by the Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae and Myrtaceae (6 taxa each). The results revealed an incidence of Loranthaceae parasitism of 39.66 7.07% on woody fruit trees and 40.65 4.26% on cocoa trees. A positive correlation was observed between the incidence of Loranthaceae on these woody fruit trees and that observed on cocoa trees. Conclusion:The results underline the importance of selecting woody species associated with cocoa trees that are less susceptible to Loranthaceae. Further research is recommended to identify these species and develop sustainable cocoa management strategies.
20
Copoț, Ovidiu, and Cătălin Tănase. "Substrate properties, forest structure and climate influences wood-inhabiting fungal diversity in broadleaved and mixed forests from Northeastern Romania." Forest Systems 29, no. 3 (2020): e021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-16728.
Full textAbstract:
Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to find the factors which best explains the wood-inhabiting fungal species’ richness in beech and oak-dominated forests.Area of study: We focused on broadleaved and mixed forests found in Northeastern Romania.Materials and methods: 59 plots were randomly set up in broadleaved and mixed forest stands, in which vegetation structure, composition, and topoclimatic factors were quantified along with wood-inhabiting fungal richness. Generalized linear models were used to characterize relationship between fungal diversity and biotic and abiotic factors.Main results: 374 taxa were identified, with numerous species found to cohabitate, the highest sharing being between Fine Woody Debris and Downed Coarse Woody Debris. The best predictors of total diversity were related to the substrate, management, stand structure, and macroclimate. Higher volumes of logs and large branches in various decay stages increased fungal richness. The same effect was found in diverse forests, with large snags. Macroclimate and topoclimate positively influenced diversity, through De Martonne Aridity Index and snow cover length, both indicating macrofungi preferences for higher moisture of substrate. Silvicultural interventions had an ambivalent effect to fungal diversity, phenomenon observed through stump numbers and proportion.Research highlights: Particular environmental characteristics proved significantly important in explaining different wood-inhabiting fungal richness patterns. Substrate-related variables were the most common ones found, but they were closely linked to climate and forest stand variables.Keywords: Wood-inhabiting fungi; oak, beech and coniferous forests; substrate diversity; dead wood types; coarse woody debris; fine woody debris; climatic variables.Abbreviations used:ALT, elevation; ASPI, Aspect Index; BIO1, mean annual temperature; BIO4, temperature seasonality; BIO7, annual temperature range; BIO12, annual precipitation; BIO15, precipitation seasonality; CWD, coarse woody debris; DBH, diameter at breast height; DCWD, downed coarse woody debris; DCWD_DECAY, DCWD decay diversity; DCWD_DIV, DCWD taxonomic diversity; DCWD_SV, surface-volume ratio of DCWD; DCWD_VOL, DCWD volume; DMAI, De Martonne Aridity Index; DMAI_AU, Autumn DMAI; DMAI_SP, Spring DMAI; DMAI_SU, Summer DMAI; DMAI_WI, Winter DMAI; FAI, Forestry Aridity Index; FWD, fine woody debris; L_SNAG_BA, large snag basal area; OLD_BA, basal area of old trees; POI, Positive Openness Index; RAI, Recent Activity Index; SCL, snow cover length; SLOPE, slope; SNAG_N, snag density; STUMP_N, stump density; TPI, Topographic Position Index; TREE_BA, mean basal area of trees; TREE_DIV, tree' Shannon diversity.
21
Umer, Muhammad, Jiwen Liu, Huafeng You, et al. "Genomic, Morphological and Biological Traits of the Viruses Infecting Major Fruit Trees." Viruses 11, no. 6 (2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060515.
Full textAbstract:
Banana trees, citrus fruit trees, pome fruit trees, grapevines, mango trees, and stone fruit trees are major fruit trees cultured worldwide and correspond to nearly 90% of the global production of woody fruit trees. In light of the above, the present manuscript summarizes the viruses that infect the major fruit trees, including their taxonomy and morphology, and highlights selected viruses that significantly affect fruit production, including their genomic and biological features. The results showed that a total of 163 viruses, belonging to 45 genera classified into 23 families have been reported to infect the major woody fruit trees. It is clear that there is higher accumulation of viruses in grapevine (80/163) compared to the other fruit trees (each corresponding to less than 35/163), while only one virus species has been reported infecting mango. Most of the viruses (over 70%) infecting woody fruit trees are positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), and the remainder belong to the -ssRNA, ssRNA-RT, dsRNA, ssDNA and dsDNA-RT groups (each corresponding to less than 8%). Most of the viruses are icosahedral or isometric (79/163), and their diameter ranges from 16 to 80 nm with the majority being 25–30 nm. Cross-infection has occurred in a high frequency among pome and stone fruit trees, whereas no or little cross-infection has occurred among banana, citrus and grapevine. The viruses infecting woody fruit trees are mostly transmitted by vegetative propagation, grafting, and root grafting in orchards and are usually vectored by mealybug, soft scale, aphids, mites or thrips. These viruses cause adverse effects in their fruit tree hosts, inducing a wide range of symptoms and significant damage, such as reduced yield, quality, vigor and longevity.
22
Setota, Meseret, Wakshum Shiferaw, and Daba Misgana. "Investigation of Woody Species Composition, Diversity, and Carbon Stock under Agroforestry Practices in Oromia National Region State, Central Ethiopia." International Journal of Ecology 2024 (March 21, 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8463030.
Full textAbstract:
Agroforestry is a common practice in the tropics that is characterized by various activities such as parkland on cultivated lands or home garden agroforestry around homesteads. In Ethiopia, agroforestry is an ancient land use type that is practiced by smallholder farmers. Scattered trees in cropland or parkland trees and home garden trees are old agroforestry practices, and the most dominant practices exist in different parts of Ethiopia. They cover large areas of highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies of Liban Jawi District in West Showa of Oromia National Regional State, Central Ethiopia. However, woody species particularly in parklands are declining in many agricultural landscapes due to the overuses for fuel wood, charcoal production, and expansion of agricultural lands due to the degradation of nearby forests. In the study sites, comprehensive studies in terms of their composition, diversity, structure, and carbon stocks are still not well explored. In this context, we assessed woody species composition and diversity, structure, and carbon stocks because parkland and home garden agroforestry practices in three agroecologies of highland, midland, and lowlands in the district were not quantified. About 45 parkland woody species were collected from 150 plots of 5000 m2, and 35 home garden woody species were collected from 70 plots of 400 m2. As a result, a total of 80 species belonging to 52 families and 62 genera were collected from parkland and home garden agroforestry practices. Woody species diversity was analyzed using species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Shannon evenness index. In this study, the Shannon diversity (2.8) and Shannon evenness indexes (0.54) of woody species were computed in parkland agroforestry, in the meantime the Shannon diversity index (3.30) and Shannon evenness index (0.52) for woody species of the home garden were computed. The distribution of diameter classes of 10–30 cm had the highest number of trees and shrubs followed by 31–60 cm diameter classes. However, the highest number of trees and shrubs were in 61–90 cm diameter class in the home garden. In this study, woody species, such as Citrus sinensis, Mangifera indica, Persea americana, Sesbania sesban, Vernonia amygdalina, and Azadirachta indica were the dominant species under the two agroforestry practices. The values of carbon stack for highland, midland, and lowland in parkland agroforestry were 19.8 MgCha−1, 17.6 MgCha−1, and 17.5 MgCha−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the total biomass of woody species in highland, midland, and lowland for homestead agroforestry was 32.6 MgCha−1, 34.7 MgCha−1, and 31.2 MgCha−1, respectively. These resulted in carbon dioxide sequestered of 72.59 CO2 equivalents (tha−1), 64.52 CO2 equivalents (tha−1), and 64.16 CO2 equivalents (tha−1) in highland, midland, and lowland woody species, respectively. This study holds significant inputs for policymakers, regional administrators, environmentalists, and natural resource experts by informing the farmers’ management and conservation of woody species on cultivated lands and home garden agroforestry plants around their homesteads which is serving as ecosystem services and climate mitigation response within Liban Jawi district. Under parkland and homestead agroforestry practices, communities should have know-how to predict the environmental consequences of the destruction of woody species on their farmlands.
23
Vuong, Quan-Hoang, Quang-Loc Nguyen, Ruining Jin, et al. "Increasing Supply for Woody-Biomass-Based Energy through Wasted Resources: Insights from US Private Landowners." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118667.
Full textAbstract:
Woody biomass is suggested as a substitute for fossil fuels to achieve sustainable development. However, transitioning the land purpose to produce woody biomass entails investment and a tradeoff between wood pellet production and the current utilities created by the land, hindering the willingness of private landowners. To many forest landowners, forest trees and residues considered unprofitable to transport would be left in the forest without other proper use. The wasted woody resources on the land can be a potential source to increase the woody biomass supply. To support the policymakers, logging companies, state agencies, and landowners to better capitalize on these wasted resources, we aimed to identify the characteristics of woody-resource-wasting landowners and examine how to increase their likelihood to contribute to woody-biomass-based energy. By employing Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics on a dataset of 707 private landowners in the United States (US), we discovered that landowners being male, having higher income, and being a member of a state/national forestry organization were more likely to waste woody resources. Moreover, woody-resource-wasting landowners perceiving woody-biomass-based energy as a substitution for fossil fuel were more likely to sell wood. In contrast, those perceiving environmental costs over the benefits of woody-biomass-based energy were less likely to sell. These findings can be used as insights for policymakers, logging companies, and state agencies to find an additional supply of woody-biomass-based energy from landowners likely to waste woody resources.
24
Phelps, J. E., J. G. Isebrands, and R. M. Teclaw. "Raw Material Quality of Short-Rotation, Intensively Cultured Populus Clones. II. Wood and Bark from First-Rotation Stems and Stems Grown from Coppice." IAWA Journal 8, no. 2 (1987): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001045.
Full textAbstract:
The coppicing ability of Populus hybrid clones after dormant season harvesting is weil suited to a short-rotation, intensively cultured (SRIC) growth system. stems formed from coppice exhibit a greater amount of growth than first-rotation trees during the juvenile stage. This research examines and compares properties, including specific gravity and fibre length of the wood and bark, of 3-year-old firstrotation stems (from cuttings) and 3-year-old coppiced stems of three hybrid Populus clones grown und er SRIC. Trees produced from coppiced stumps were 1.5 to 2.5 times larger (in height and diameter at the base) than first-rotation trees after 3 years of growth. Some of the wood properties of the first-rotation trees differed from those of the coppiced trees. For example, wood specific gravity was higher and wood fibres were longer in the sampies removed from the basal portion of the first-rotation trees. Although significant, these differences were small and not important from an industrial standpoint. The increase in woody biom ass after coppicing is likely to be more important to industry than any decreases in wood properties expected during short-rotation, intensive culture of Populus trees.
25
Bruhn, Johann N., Jeanne D. Mihail, and Timothy R. Meyer. "Armillaria Root Disease Inoculum Remaining in Young Ontario Conifer Plantations Following Root Raking or Madge Rotoclearing." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 4 (1998): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/15.4.191.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Armillaria ostoyae causes a destructive root disease in northern conifers. Most infections result from root invasions by rhizomorphs growing through the soil from previously colonized stump and woody root debris. Armillaria longevity in woody debris is related to the colonized volume. Stump and root removal by root raking alone often does not satisfactorily reduce subsequent root disease mortality. This investigation characterized residual woody debris volumes in three conifer seed orchards in northern Ontario. Site preparation for stump and root removal in two of the orchards consisted of root raking alone, vs. Madge Rotoclear™ treatment ("rotoclearing") in the third orchard. Fallow periods between site preparation and planting were 1, 5, and 8 yr in the three orchards, respectively. Mortality related to colonized residual woody debris is continuing in the raked orchards, but appears to have ended in the rotocleared orchard. Root systems of 32 orchard trees recently killed by Armillaria root disease and 9 apparently healthy (otherwise comparable) trees were excavated. Regardless of site preparation method, Armillaria-killed trees were associated with greater total volumes of residual woody debris (comprising larger pieces on average) than were healthy trees. Also, healthy trees in the rotocleared orchard were associated with smaller debris pieces on average than were healthy trees in the root-raked orchard. Size of individual woody debris pieces which contained viable A. ostoyae was highly variable. Even small pieces of colonized debris close to a root crown were apparently capable of causing lethal infection. Nevertheless, compared to root raking, rotoclearing apparently breaks A. ostoyae-colonized woody debris into smaller pieces resulting in more rapid displacement of A. ostoyae. We conclude that rotoclearing followed by a fallow period of 8 yr before planting merits consideration as an inoculum reduction treatment for site preparation. A 10 yr fallow period might have prevented nearly all root disease mortality under the conditions of this study. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):191-196.
26
Abdourahamane, Mamane, Maharazu A. Yusuf, and Moussa Massaoudou. "Local Communities Implications’ in Managing Woody Species and Carbon Accumulation in Sahelian parts of Maradi Region, Niger Republic." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 02 (2024): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i02.ah01.
Full textAbstract:
In Sahel, climate change will intensify especially in West Africa in the future and seasons are observed to have a decrease in rainfall projected. This situation will affect future woody vegetation cover because Sahelian zone was characterized by significant vegetation response to rainfall. Notwithstanding climate change impacts on woody vegetation cover, some human practices can play positive role in Sahelian vegetation change. This study aimed to analyze local community implications’ in managing woody species and carbon accumulation in Sahelian parts of Maradi Region, Niger Republic. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used in this study. Results showed that ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating and supporting) provided by woody trees species in the study area represent the main reasons for maintenance and protection of trees in farmlands. This clearly highlighted the roles of local communities in maintenance and protection of woody trees and consequently carbon accumulation by these woody species. This can allow farmers to be eligible to receive payments for the ‘’Carbon’’ that those practices contribute to sequester under a ‘’Carbon’’ trading arrangement in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
27
Kala, Duran. "Epidemiology and Ecological Distribution of Tree Tumors in the Territory of Landscape Reserve “Teply stan”." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p42.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="1Body">This study focuses tumors of woody trees in the territory of landscape reserve “Teply stan” in Moscow. Abnormal swellings on the trunk of woody trees are called Tumor. Formation of a swell is an evidence of an infringement of metabolism in a tree's body, is a disease of a tree and is a cause of a tree's premature death. Tumor prevents transportation of water and minerals from roots towards the leaves of a tree and transportation of organic matters from the leaves towards roots. The purpose of this study is to find out some appropriatenesses of spreading of tumors of trees in the landscape reserve “Teply stan”.</p><p class="1Body">In this study, landscape reserve divided into 9 study sections according to ecological conditions. Surveillance of all trees and statistical analysis of tumor trees in studied section of landscape reserve have done. The results showed that 57 of the counted 25 thousands trees have tumors. 50 of the tumors trees are belong to birch<em> (Betula pendula)</em>.Trees with tumors are distributed non-uniformly, generally in central and east parts of landscape reserve that had ecologic pollution. Mainly birch <em>(Betula pendula)</em><em>,</em> oak <em>(Quercus rubor)</em><em> </em>and linden <em>(Tilia cordata)</em> are damaged by tumors in the studied territory. The most effected trees with tumors are birch <em>(Betula pendula)</em><em> </em>tree population. The direct proportion between ecological situation and the number of tumors have found.</p>
28
Stave, J., G. Oba, and N. C. Stenseth. "Temporal changes in woody-plant use and the ekwar indigenous tree management system along the Turkwel River, Kenya." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (2001): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000157.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous systems of management for regulating extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP) have not been well documented in arid zone grazing lands. Conservation projects have therefore lacked information on customary rights to trees, while they have enforced systems of tree resource management that often conflicted with the indigenous system. This study focused on the indigenous tree tenure system of the Turkana pastoralists called ekwar (plural ngikwarin). The indigenous tree management system in 15.4 km2 of the Turkwel River floodplain woodlands near Lodwar, Kenya was investigated. The study began in 1990 after impoundment of the Turkwel Gorge Dam. In 1990 and 1998, Turkana pastoralists were interviewed about the ekwar. In individual ngikwarin woody cover, wood volume and woody-plant density were measured, and wood extraction assessed in terms of stems and twigs removed by the pastoralists and the urban population of Lodwar. Intensity of charcoal burning was assessed in terms of the density of earthen kilns, and livestock impact in terms of browsing frequency on woody plants. Potential Acacia tortilis litter production was estimated and an ekwar quality index developed to describe woodland productivity conditions. Tree produce was shared with and leased to friends and relatives. Woody cover showed no significant changes, while woody-plant density and volume declined, over the 8-year period. The Turkana usually do not cut live trees, but use dead trees and dry tree-parts for making charcoal. Increased kiln density and increased extraction of tree-parts were considered to be indicative of increased pressure on the riverine woodlands. Livestock browsing did not seem to contribute to woodland degradation. However, decline in woody-plant density and volume might have contributed to the reduction of litter production of A. tortilis. Trends in woodlands in the floodplain might be associated with damming of the Turkwel River and local anthropogenic pressures. Also, the ekwar system of tree tenure seemed to be threatened by the official forestry policy that it be ignored. Incorporating the ekwar system into the forestry conservation policy may achieve sustainable use and improve conservation of the Turkwel River floodplain woodlands.
29
Marler, Thomas E. "Stem Carbon Dioxide Efflux of Lignophytes Exceeds That of Cycads and Arborescent Monocots." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010159.
Full textAbstract:
Tree stem CO2 efflux (Es) can be substantial and the factors controlling ecosystem-level Es are required to fully understand the carbon cycle and construct models that predict atmospheric CO2 dynamics. The majority of Es studies used woody lignophyte trees as the model species. Applying these lignophyte data to represent all tree forms can be inaccurate. The Es of 318 arborescent species was quantified in a common garden setting and the results were sorted into four stem growth forms: cycads, palms, monocot trees that were not palms, and woody lignophyte trees. The woody trees were comprised of gymnosperm and eudicot species. The Es did not differ among the cycads, palms, and non-palm monocots. Lignophyte trees exhibited Es that was 40% greater than that of the other stem growth forms. The Es of lignophyte gymnosperm trees was similar to that of lignophyte eudicot trees. This extensive species survey indicates that the Es from lignophyte tree species do not align with the Es from other tree growth forms. Use of Es estimates from the literature can be inaccurate for understanding the carbon cycle in tropical forests, which contain numerous non-lignophyte tree species.
30
Horn, Scott, and James L. Hanula. "Relationship of Coarse Woody Debris to Arthropod Availability for Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers and Other Bark-Foraging Birds on Loblolly Pine Boles." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 2 (2008): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.2.153.
Full textAbstract:
This study determined if short-term removal of coarse woody debris would reduce prey available to red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis Vieillot) and other bark-foraging birds at the Savannah River Site in Aiken and Barnwell counties, SC. All coarse woody debris was removed from four 9-ha plots of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in 1997 and again in 1998. We sampled arthropods in coarse woody debris removal and control stands using crawl traps that captured arthropods crawling up tree boles, burlap bands wrapped around trees, and cardboard panels placed on the ground. We captured 27 orders and 172 families of arthropods in crawl traps whereas 20 arthropod orders were observed under burlap bands and cardboard panels. The most abundant insects collected from crawl traps were aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The greatest biomass was in the wood cockroaches (Blattaria: Blattellidae), caterpillars (Lepidoptera) in the Family Noctuidae, and adult weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The most common group observed underneath cardboard panels was Isoptera (termites), and the most common taxon under burlap bands was wood cockroaches. Overall, arthropod abundance and biomass captured in crawl traps was similar in control and removal plots. In contrast, we observed more arthropods under burlap bands (mean ± SE; 3,021.5 ± 348.6, P = 0.03) and cardboard panels (3,537.25 ± 432.4, P = 0.04) in plots with coarse woody debris compared with burlap bands (2325 ± 171.3) and cardboard panels (2439.75 ± 288.9) in plots where coarse woody debris was removed. Regression analyses showed that abundance beneath cardboard panels was positively correlated with abundance beneath burlap bands demonstrating the link between abundance on the ground with that on trees. Our results demonstrate that short-term removal of coarse woody debris from pine forests reduced overall arthropod availability to bark-foraging birds.
31
Khodyn, O., and O. Chornobrov. "Ecological assessment of dead woodvolume in hornbeam-oak forest in «Medobory» Nature Reserve." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2021.252954.
Full textAbstract:
The volume of coarse woody detritus in the 139year-old hornbeam-oak forest stand of natural origin on the territory of the «Medobory» Nature Reserve have been studied. The study of dead wood was carried out on a sample plot (0.24 ha) by the method of continuous accounting. It was found that the volume of woody detritus in the forest ecosystem is 108.8 m3∙ha–1 and consists of fallen (32.1%) and standing (67.9%) deadwood. The main part of the dead wood volume is formed by two tree species — common oak (Quercus robur L.) (49.1%) and wychelm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) (48.4%). In general, woody detritus is characterized by I–V classes of decomposition, while detritus of decomposition stage II prevails (40.9%), shares of other stages are slightly smaller: I (27.8%), III (18.6%) and IV (11. 1%). The share of detritus of the last (V) decomposition stage is insignificant (1.6%). The volume of standing dead wood is 73.9 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole and broken dead trees. In terms of tree species composition, common oak has a significant advantage (65.4%), wychelm has a much smaller share (33.7%), and the share of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden is insignificant (Tilia cordata Mill) (less than 1.0%). In the total standing dead wood volume, wood of decomposition stage IIsignificantly predominates (43.6 m3∙ha–1, 59.0%), compared with stage I (30.3 m3∙ha–1, 41.0%). Volume of fallen dead wood is 35.0 m3∙ha–1 and is formed by whole fallen trees, fragments of felled trees (trunks) and rough branches. In terms of species composition, woody detritus of which elm predominates (27.8 m3∙ha–1, 79.7%), much less common oak wood (5.1 m3∙ha–1, 14.6%) and common hornbeam (2.0 m∙ha–1, 5.7%). Fallen dead wood is represented by four stages of decomposition (II–V). In terms of volume, decomposition stage III has an absolute advantage (20.2 m3∙ha–1, 57.9%), detritus of stage II is much less (12.1 m3∙ha–1, 34.7%), and the shares of other stages are insignificant. The predominance of standing dead wood in the total dead wood volume, as well as the dominance of detritus of I and II decomposition stages due to the relatively short period of strict regime of nature conservation, during which the forest ecosystem developed without human intervention, and the impact of forestry activities (selective sanitary cuttings and fallen dead wood removal) in the past.
32
SHEPELIUK, Mariia, Serhii KOVALEVSKYI, Oleh KYTAIEV, Oleksandr KYCHYLIUK, and Valentyna ANDREIEVA. "FROST RESISTANCE OF THE INTRODUCED SPECIES OF TREES IN THE URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT (LUTSK CITY, UKRAINE)." AgroLife Scientific Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2021123.
Full textAbstract:
The results of determining the frost resistance of nine introduced species of woody plants in an urbanized environment (on the example of Lutsk city) are presented. The effect of low temperatures on woody plants has been experimentally determined. The degree of damage to the tissues of shoots (bark, cambium, wood, core, buds) by direct freezing using a system of coefficients was studied. The basic patterns of tissue damage are established, taking into account their physiological inequality in vital activity and regenerative capacity of plants. A comparative analysis of the assessment of damage to introduced species depending on the freezing temperature is presented.
33
Jacobs, Joshua M., John R. Spence, and David W. Langor. "Variable retention harvest of white spruce stands and saproxylic beetle assemblages." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 9 (2007): 1631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-020.
Full textAbstract:
Dead wood dependent (saproxylic) insects have been identified as vulnerable to the effects of modern forestry practices. We examined the effects of variable retention harvesting on saproxylic beetle assemblages. Variable retention of living green trees seeks to leave more forest structure on the landscape with the goal of maintaining ecosystem function and biodiversity. Ninety flight-intercept traps were divided between recently dead natural snags and snags killed by girdling in three replicated forest stands with 10%, 20%, 50%, and 75% residual structure and in uncut control stands. Beetles were collected and identified during the second and third summers post harvest and grouped for analyses as (i) wood- and bark-borers, (ii) fungivores, and (iii) predators. Harvesting intensity explained a relatively small amount of the variability in the beetle assemblages. However, all groups responded strongly to coarse woody debris variables and especially to snag decay class during the third postharvest summer, suggesting that factors associated with coarse woody debris quality and quantity determine the initial responses and successional trajectories of saproxylic beetle assemblages. The main effects of variable retention on saproxylic assemblages are expected to be mediated through differences in amount of coarse woody debris expected to materialize with the death and decay of green trees left as residual elements.
34
Tobias, Spokevicius, McFarlane, and Bossinger. "The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Determining Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Secondary Cell Walls of Woody Tree Species." Plants 9, no. 1 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010090.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular control of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation have shed light on molecular mechanisms that underpin domestication traits related to wood formation. One such trait is the cellulose microfibril angle (MFA), an important wood quality determinant that varies along tree developmental phases and in response to gravitational stimulus. The cytoskeleton, mainly composed of microtubules and actin filaments, collectively contribute to plant growth and development by participating in several cellular processes, including cellulose deposition. Studies in Arabidopsis have significantly aided our understanding of the roles of microtubules in xylem cell development during which correct SCW deposition and patterning are essential to provide structural support and allow for water transport. In contrast, studies relating to SCW formation in xylary elements performed in woody trees remain elusive. In combination, the data reviewed here suggest that the cytoskeleton plays important roles in determining the exact sites of cellulose deposition, overall SCW patterning and more specifically, the alignment and orientation of cellulose microfibrils. By relating the reviewed evidence to the process of wood formation, we present a model of microtubule participation in determining MFA in woody trees forming reaction wood (RW).
35
Cook, Garry D., Adam C. Liedloff, C. P. (Mick) Meyer, Anna E. Richards, and Steven G. Bray. "Standing dead trees contribute significantly to carbon budgets in Australian savannas." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 3 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19092.
Full textAbstract:
Previous estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian savanna fires have incorporated on-ground dead wood but ignored standing dead trees. However, research from eucalypt woodlands in southern Queensland has shown that the two pools of dead wood burn at similar rates. New field data from semiarid savannas across northern Australia confirmed that standing dead trees comprise about four times the mass of on-ground dead wood. Further, the proportion of total woody biomass comprising dead wood increases with decreasing fire frequency and a decreasing proportion of late dry season (August to December) fires. This gives scope for increasing the carbon stock in the dead wood pool with a reduced fire frequency. Following a previously published approach to quantify total dead wood loads in savannas, new and previously collected data on tree stand structures were used across the whole savanna zone to quantify dead wood loads in equilibrium with historic fire regimes. New parameters are presented for calculating dead wood dynamics including dead trees in Australia’s savannas.
36
Al-Ahmad, Hani. "Biotechnology for bioenergy dedicated trees: meeting future energy demands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 73, no. 1-2 (2018): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0185.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWith the increase in human demands for energy, purpose-grown woody crops could be part of the global renewable energy solution, especially in geographical regions where plantation forestry is feasible and economically important. In addition, efficient utilization of woody feedstocks would engage in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing the challenge of food and energy security, and resolving the conflict between land use for food or biofuel production. This review compiles existing knowledge on biotechnological and genomics-aided improvements of biomass performance of purpose-grown poplar, willow, eucalyptus and pine species, and their relative hybrids, for efficient and sustainable bioenergy applications. This includes advancements in tree in vitro regeneration, and stable expression or modification of selected genes encoding desirable traits, which enhanced growth and yield, wood properties, site adaptability, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin/cellulose/hemicelluloses ratio and lignin composition, towards effective lignocellulosic feedstock conversion into cellulosic ethanol, are also examined. Biotech-trees still need to pass challengeable regulatory authorities’ processes, including biosafety and risk assessment analyses prior to their commercialization release. Hence, strategies developed to contain transgenes, or to mitigate potential transgene flow risks, are discussed.
37
Lobanov, A. I., N. A. Konovalova, and J. Tushigmaa. "Development of woody plants introduction scientific research in the South Siberia and Mongolia." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 19, no. 1 (2020): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020055.
Full textAbstract:
Investigations of woody plants introduction, which have been conducted in Siberia and Mongolia, areanalyzed. It is noted that further investigations require complex study of trees and shrubs in the conditions of primaryintroduction. The aim is to introduce new trees and shrubs into the culture for various purpose artificial stands creation.The scientific tasks for development of woody plants introduction in Southern Siberia and Mongolia are outlined.
38
OSADOLOR, Nosayaba, and Prince Omorogie ALELE. "Agroforestry Practices and Woody Species Diversity in Host Communities of Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 16, no. 1 (2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1610.
Full textAbstract:
Agroforestry is a sustainable land use alternative for conserving trees outside forests. The agroforestry practices and diversity of woody species in the host communities of Okomu National Park (ONP), Edo State was investigated. The study involved the selection of four communities (10% of 42 communities) based on proximity to the national park boundary and extent of agroforestry. The predominant farming practices engaged in by the farmers were identified and three major ones were selected for the woody species inventory. Three farms of the predominant farming systems identified were randomly selected from each community and used as sample plots, amounting to a total of 12 plots (farms). Each of the farms selected was assessed for farm size, types of trees/shrubs, agroforestry methods. The agroforestry practices by the farmers were assessed by visual observation of the diversity, arrangement of woody species. Total enumeration and identification of all live woody species on each farm was conducted and classified into families and some diversity indicators employed to analyze species diversity. The results revealed that all four communities surveyed were actively involved in traditional agroforestry: scattered farm tree system, tree crop farming under shade of trees, home gardens and boundary tree planting systems. The highest density of woody species recorded in Mile 3 community (517 trees/shrubs H-1) and Mahokhioba community recorded the least value of 134 trees/shrubs H-1. Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most dominant families recorded in the study while Iguowan had the highest Shannon index (H) of 2.99. The high population of Eleais guineensis, Cola acuminata, Gmelina arborea and a host of others implies that the farmers deliberately cultivated and retained the species for their economic values thereby ensuring the species sustainability. This strategy can be explored for conserving trees in areas outside protected forests.
39
Castro, Jorge. "Postfire Burnt-Wood Management Affects Plant Damage by Ungulate Herbivores." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/965461.
Full textAbstract:
I analyze the effect of post-fire burnt wood management on herbivore attack on a woody plant species (Ulex parviflorus). Two experimental plots of ca. 20 hectares were established at two elevations in a burnt area in a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Three replicates of three treatments differing in post-fire burnt wood management were established per plot: “no intervention” (NI, all trees remained standing), “partial cut plus lopping” (PCL, felling the trees, cutting the main branches, and leaving all the biomassin situ), and “salvage logging” (SL; removal of logs and elimination of woody debris). Risk of herbivory and damage intensity were monitored for two years. The pattern of attack by ungulate herbivores varied among treatments and years. In any case, there was an overall reduction in the risk of herbivory in the PCL treatment, presumably because the highest habitat complexity in this treatment hampered ungulate movement and foraging. As a result, the burnt logs and branches spread over the ground acted as a physical barrier that protected seedlings from herbivores. This protection may be used for the regeneration of shrubs and trees, and it is of interest for the regeneration of burnt sites either naturally or by reforestation.
40
Malik, Rondy J., Mary Ann V. Bruns, Terrence H. Bell, and David M. Eissenstat. "Phylogenetic Signal, Root Morphology, Mycorrhizal Type, and Macroinvertebrate Exclusion: Exploring Wood Decomposition in Soils Conditioned by 13 Temperate Tree Species." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040536.
Full textAbstract:
Woodlands are pivotal to carbon stocks, but the process of cycling C is slow and may be most effective in the biodiverse root zone. How the root zone impacts plants has been widely examined over the past few decades, but the role of the root zone in decomposition is understudied. Here, we examined how mycorrhizal association and macroinvertebrate activity influences wood decomposition across diverse tree species. Within the root zone of six predominantly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) (Acer negundo, Acer saccharum, Prunus serotina, Juglans nigra, Sassafras albidum, and Liriodendron tulipfera) and seven predominantly ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species (Carya glabra, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Betula alleghaniensis, Picea rubens, Pinus virginiana, and Pinus strobus), woody litter was buried for 13 months. Macroinvertebrate access to woody substrate was either prevented or not using 0.22 mm mesh in a common garden site in central Pennsylvania. Decomposition was assessed as proportionate mass loss, as explained by root diameter, phylogenetic signal, mycorrhizal type, canopy tree trait, or macroinvertebrate exclusion. Macroinvertebrate exclusion significantly increased wood decomposition by 5.9%, while mycorrhizal type did not affect wood decomposition, nor did canopy traits (i.e., broad leaves versus pine needles). Interestingly, there was a phylogenetic signal for wood decomposition. Local indicators for phylogenetic associations (LIPA) determined high values of sensitivity value in Pinus and Picea genera, while Carya, Juglans, Betula, and Prunus yielded low values of sensitivity. Phylogenetic signals went undetected for tree root morphology. Despite this, roots greater than 0.35 mm significantly increased woody litter decomposition by 8%. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest trees with larger root diameters can accelerate C cycling, as can trees associated with certain phylogenetic clades. In addition, root zone macroinvertebrates can potentially limit woody C cycling, while mycorrhizal type does not play a significant role.
41
Skwarek, Konrad, and Szymon Bijak. "Resources of dead wood in the municipal forests in Warsaw." Forest Research Papers 76, no. 4 (2015): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in order to allocate 55 sample plots. For these plots, we determined the volume of dead wood including standing dead trees, coarse woody debris and broken branches as well as uprooted trees. We calculated the amount of dead wood in the distinguished site-species-age layers and for individual complexes. The volume of dead matter in municipal forests in Warsaw amounted to 38,761 m3, i.e. 13.7 m3/ha. The obtained results correspond to the current regulations concerning the amount of dead organic matter to be left in forests. Only in the Las Bielański complex (northern Warsaw) volume of dead wood is comparable to the level observed in Polish national parks or nature reserves, which is still far lower than the values found for natural forests. In general, municipal forests in Warsaw stand out positively in terms of dead wood quantity and a high degree of variation in the forms and dimensions of dead wood.
42
Parakhina, E. A., Zh G. Silaeva, L. L. Kiseleva, N. N. Chaadaeva, and A. P. Tyapkina. "Ecological and biological characteristics of tree plantings of the Orel SAU arboretum." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125406007.
Full textAbstract:
Arboretums are centers of introduction and study of woody plants’ ecological and biological characteristics, promising species identification for their subsequent introduction in landscape construction. The dendrological park has conducted studies of both wild and introduced species of woody plants, 117 species in total. The analysis of urban conditions stability and decorativeness of 117 woody plants’ species, including wild species, as well as systematic, biomorphological and chorologic analyses were performed. The article provides data on the degree of introduction and winter resistance of 96 trees and shrubs species. According to the results of the study, the list of the wood plants most successfully adapted to urbanized conditions for their further use in the cities of Central Russia considering their features in landscape design was composed.
43
Banaś, Jan, and Katarzyna Utnik-Banaś. "Using Timber as a Renewable Resource for Energy Production in Sustainable Forest Management." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062264.
Full textAbstract:
Using timber from multifunctional forests for energy production can be economically viable and environmentally friendly when it is consistent with the principles of sustainable management; otherwise, it could be harmful from both an ecological and commercial point of view. The objective of this paper was to present the overall balance of timber biomass from felled trees in multifunctional forests and assess what kind and how much of this biomass can be used for energy purposes. The research material consisted of data on forest resources and the volume of timber removal in Polish State Forests in 2016–2020. The biomass of branches and stumps of felled trees was determined using biomass expansion factors (BEFs). The results obtained in this study indicated that industrial timber, energy wood, and biomass left in the forest as a source of deadwood are 67%, 20%, and 13% of the total woody biomass, respectively. The Polish State Forest’s potential for energy wood is estimated at 6.18 million tonnes of biomass annually. Total available energy produced from woody biomass amounted to 104.8 PJ y−1.
44
Moussa, Zerome, Diaby Mahamadou, Dansoko Binta, et al. "Impact of a Climate Smart Technology: Case of the Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration on Trees Biodiversity in Sudano-Sahelian Parklands of Kayes and Koulikoro, in Mali." Journal of Agricultural Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v10i2.19837.
Full textAbstract:
In the Sahel, parklands are degraded due to climate change, human and animal pressure. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) on trees biodiversity in Sudano-sahelian parklands of Kayes and Koulikoro, in Mali. Trees inventory was carried out in agricultural areas. The size of an inventory plot was 2500m². The inventory plots were 500 meters apart. The total area inventoried was 20 hectares. The woody flora of studied areas was made of 27 species of trees. Most represented families were Combretaceae (6 species); Mimosaceae (4 species) and Cesalpiniaceae (3 species). Families, species and genera of trees have varied according to the rural communities. In fact 8, 15, 12 and 11 species have been identified respectively in Tieneguebougou; Farako; Guemou and Bienkolobougou. The characteristic species has varied depending on studied areas with 2, 7, 3 and 3 species in respective localities. The index of regularity showed an identical high level of trees organization in Tieneguebougou, Guemou and Bienkolobougou. But, the index was low in Farako. A comparison of indexes values showed although the floristic composition was low in Tieneguebougou; Guemou and Bienkolobougou, their woody stand organization was further constant. The FMNR has increased the biodiversity of trees and consequently the volume of wood in agrarian areas. This biodiversity of trees contributes to carbon sequestration and strengthens the resilience of populations by providing them with goods (firewood, honey, etc.) and eco-systemic services. FMNR is a climate-smart technology, whose scaling up in Mali is essential.
45
Young, Michael K. "Movement and characteristics of stream-borne coarse woody debris in adjacent burned and undisturbed watersheds in Wyoming." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 9 (1994): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-248.
Full textAbstract:
Following fire, changes in streamflow and bank stability in burned watersheds can mobilize coarse woody debris. In 1990 and 1991, I measured characteristics of coarse woody debris and standing riparian trees and snags in Jones Creek, a watershed burned in 1988, and in Crow Creek, an unburned watershed. The mean diameter of riparian trees along Jones Creek was less than that of trees along Crow Creek, but the coarse woody debris in Jones Creek was greater in mean diameter. Tagged debris in Jones Creek was three times as likely to move, and moved over four times as far as such debris in Crow Creek. In Jones Creek, the probability of movement was higher for tagged pieces that were in contact with the stream surface. Larger pieces tended to be more stable in both streams. It appears that increased flows and decreased bank stability following fire increased the transport of coarse woody debris in the burned watershed. Overall, debris transport in Rocky Mountain streams may be of greater significance than previously recognized.
46
Ruark, Gregory A. "Evidence for the Reserve Shelterwood System for Managing Quaking Aspen." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 2 (1990): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/7.2.58.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The extent to which inter- and intra-specific competition may limit the nutrition of crop trees over the length of a rotation is quantified for a quaking aspen ecosystem. The accepted clearcutting management regime for aspen often regenerates dramatically overstocked stands. Consequently, half way into a 40-year rotation only 36% of the aspen aboveground woody biomass production was being added to what would eventually be harvestable stems. The allocation of large amounts of woody production onto non-crop trees is inefficient for fiber production and displaces nutrient capital from crop trees. The amounts of P, K, and Mg residing in understory plant tissues represented 14, 24, and 13% of the total plant available ecosystem pools, respectively. The data indicate that individual aspen trees would have higher concentrations of all macronutrients in woody tissues, provided the competition among aspen stems and between aspen and understory were reduced. An alternative strategy for managing aspen, based on manipulation of ecosystem nutrient storage pools and the specific biology of the species, is proposed. This method relies on leaving some dominant trees uncut to suppress the initial restocking levels, thereby focusing more of the early rotation production onto potential crop trees. North. J. Appl. For. 7:58-62, June 1990.
47
Wheeler, E. A., and T. M. Lehman. "LATE CRETACEOUS WOODY DICOTS FROM THE AGUJA AND JAVELINA FORMATIONS, BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, TEXAS, USA." IAWA Journal 21, no. 1 (2000): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000239.
Full textAbstract:
Angiosperm woods occur throughout Upper Cretaceous (84–66 million years old) continental strata of Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA. Vertebrate remains occur along the same stratigraphic levels, providing a rare opportunity to reconstruct associations of sedimentary facies, wood remains, and vertebrate remains. The wood collection sites span a vertical stratigraphic succession that corresponds to an environmental transect from poorly-drained coastal salt- or brackish water swamps to progressively better drained freshwater flood-plains lying at increasingly greater distance from the shoreline of the inland Cretaceous sea and at higher elevations. The eight dicot wood types of the Aguja Formation differ from the five types of the Javelina Formation, paralleling a change from a fauna dominated by duckbill and horned dinosaurs to a fauna dominated by the large sauropod, Alamosaurus. These woods increase the known diversity of Cretaceous woods, and include the earliest example of wood with characteristics of the Malvales. The lower part of the upper shale member of the Aguja contains numerous narrow axes, some seemingly in growth position, of the platanoid/ icacinoid type, and of another wood that has a suite of features considered primitive in the Baileyan sense. Duckbill dinosaur remains are common in the facies with these woods. In contrast to other Cretaceous localities with dicot wood, Paraphyllanthoxylon is not common. Dicotyledonous trees are most abundant at the top of the Aguja and the lower part of the Javelina Formations in sediments indicating well-drained inland fluvial flood-plain environments. One locality has logs and insitu stumps, with an average spacing of 12–13 metres between each tree, and trees nearly 1 metre in diameter. To our knowledge this is the first report of anatomically preserved in situ Cretaceous dicot trees. Javelinoxylon wood occurs at all levels where remains of the giant sauropod Alamosaurus occur. The vertebrate faunas of the late Cretaceous of New Mexico and Texas are said to comprise a ʻsouthernʼ fauna distinct from the ʻnorthern faunaʼ of Alberta and Montana. The wood remains are consistent with such provincialism. It has been suggested that dicots were not commonly trees in the late Cretaceous of the northern part of the western interior of North America. The Big Bend woods provide direct evidence for dicot trees having more than a subordinate role in Cretaceous vegetation at lower latitudes. Most of the dicot wood types of Big Bend are characterized by high proportions of parenchyma, over 50% in one type. Whether these high proportions of parenchyma are correlated with the higher CO2 levels of the Cretaceous and /or the pressures exerted by aggressive browsing by large dinosaur herbivores is unknown.
48
Martin, Adam R., Sossina Gezahegn, and Sean C. Thomas. "Variation in carbon and nitrogen concentration among major woody tissue types in temperate trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 6 (2015): 744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Quantifying variation in the wood chemical traits of trees is critical for parameterizing forest biogeochemical budgets and models. Available data on wood chemical traits are based largely on samples taken from main stems; few studies have evaluated how wood chemical traits vary among major woody tissue types. We examined variation in wood carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in 17 temperate tree species across five woody tissue types: sapwood, heartwood, small branches, coarse roots, and bark; analyses were corrected for losses of volatile C. Both C and N varied significantly among tissue types, but differences were driven mainly by high C and N in bark, a pattern observed for nearly all species. Among nonbark tissue types, bivariate correlations among sapwood, heartwood, small branches, and coarse roots were highly significant and positive for wood C (r = 0.88–0.98) and N (r = 0.66–0.95) concentrations. We suggest that intraspecific variation in C across tissue types is less important than interspecific variation for assessment and modeling of forest-level C dynamics. In contrast, differences in N among tissue types were larger and appeared to be more important to incorporate into forest-level nutrient assessments and models. Our results suggest that, with the exception of bark, wood chemical trait values derived from stemwood can be used to accurately represent whole-tree trait values in models of forest C and N stocks and fluxes, at least for temperate species.
49
Peper, Paula, and E. Gregory McPherson. "Comparision of Four Foliar and Woody Biomass Estimation Methods Applied to Open-Grown Deciduous Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 4 (1998): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.024.
Full textAbstract:
Concern about global climate change and the effects that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide could have on the earth has risen in recent years. Methods for accurately and efficiently quantifying carbon storage and annual carbon fluxes are needed to determine what role urban forests may have in reducing levels of atmospheric CO2. This will require the development of techniques for estimating foliar and woody biomass of individual trees. In this study, 2 sampling methods and 2 regression formulas for estimating foliar and above-ground woody biomass were tested against the actual above-ground biomass of 8 opengrown deciduous trees (2 species). There was no significant difference between one of the subsampling methods and actual foliar, woody, and total above-ground biomass. There were indications that the method's precision in estimating foliar biomass could be improved by modifying the sampling method.The second sampling method predicted foliar biomass of heavily pruned trees within 8% of actual measurements. For unpruned or lightly pruned trees, one of the regression equations showed no significant difference between estimates of foliar biomass and actual biomass.
50
Kuzmina, Nadezhda M. "Role and Features of Growing Ornamental Woody Plants in Urban Recreational Areas." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 4-1 (December 23, 2024): 125–33. https://doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2024-4-1-125-133.
Full textAbstract:
When selecting planting material for landscape construction, it is necessary to know whether new crops can adapt to the existing biocenosis of parks and develop normally in the zone of the root system of middle-aged trees. The 33 species of woody plants we studied grow surrounded by Populus balsamifera L., Tilia cordata Mill. 40-50 years of age. The paper presents systematic data and the origin of the studied woody plant species. Three decorative groups have been identified. Group 1 of highly ornamental woody plants included only two species (Berberis thunbergii DC, Cornus alba L.). Mostly ornamental woody plants (group 2) grow in the garden - 25 species. Group 3 of less ornamental plants includes 6 species. The shape and size of the leaves of woody plants play a significant role in visual perception, and the size of the plant determines its place in the landscape composition. Five groups of leaf size, three categories of height for trees, and four categories for shrubs were identified. A group of beautifully flowering woody plants has been identified - 16 species (48.5 %) and the phenology of flowering in the period 2021-2023 is presented. The dependence of the beginning of flowering on weather conditions in the climatic zone of the Middle Urals has been determined. According to observation data in the period 2016-2023. Three groups of stability of decorative qualities of woody plants growing in the zone of the root system of middle-aged trees of the first size have been identified. Highly resistant – 40 % (11 species). Resistant – 45 % (12 species). Weakly resistant – 15 % (4 species).