Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wool Act

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Academic literature on the topic 'Wool Act'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wool Act"

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Semple, K. E., R. B. Cunningham, and P. D. Evans. "Cement Hydration Tests Using Wood Flour may not Predict the Suitability of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita for the Manufacture of Wood-Wool Cement Boards." Holzforschung 53, no. 3 (May 10, 1999): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.053.

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Summary Wood-wool cement boards (WWCBs) are manufactured in many tropical countries which have extensive eucalypt and acacia plantations. Wood from such plantations could act as a potential raw material for WWCBs, but the suitability of most tropical eucalypts and acacias for the manufacture of such products is unknown. This study was undertaken to assess whether the standard laboratory test for wood-cement compatibility, which measures heat of hydration in wood flour-cement mixtures, is an appropriate method for screening tropical eucalypts and acacias for their compatibility with cement and suitability for the manufacture of WWCBs. Wood samples from a tropical eucalypt (E. pellita) and a tropical acacia (A. mangium) were tested in two forms, i. e. flour and wool, for their compatibility (expressed by maximum hydration temperature and CA-factor) with Portland cement. Form significantly influenced the effect of the wood on cement hydration, resulting in a different species compatibility ranking for flour and wool. As the heartwood content of wood-wool-cement hydration test samples increased, Tmax. and CA factor increased whereas the opposite occured for those containing wood flour. Tests using wood flour ranked E. pellita as being more compatible with cement than A. mangium whereas the ranking was reversed when wood-wool was used. Furthermore at low wood levels the compatibility of samples containing wood-wool or wood flour with cement was similar whereas at high wood levels, samples containing wood-wool were much more compatible with cement than those containing wood flour. Laboratory tests designed to screen eucalypts and acacias for their compatibility with cement should use wood in a coarser form with a lower surface-to-volume ratio than flour. Caution should be exercised if using results from wood flour-cement hydration tests to estimate the suitability of wood species for the manufacture of WWCBs and possibly other wood-cement composites.
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Chari, Desi M. "Regulatory Road Map for Formaldehyde Emissions and other Hazardous Air Pollutants in Fiberglass Insulation Materials in the United States." International Nonwovens Journal os-14, no. 1 (March 2005): 1558925005os—14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925005os-1400106.

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This paper provides a perspective of air pollution control regulations in the United States that affect the Wool Fiberglass Manufacturing Industry. In addition, it analyzes regulations specifically targeted towards formaldehyde emissions from these operations and evaluates what lies ahead under existing Clean Air Act requirements. This paper addresses only the regulatory climate in the United States. However, based on history, other countries such as Canada and European Union tend to mirror US laws that are eventually followed by other developing countries.
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Adams, N. R., and P. B. Cronjé. "A review of the biology linking fibre diameter with fleece weight, liveweight, and reproduction in Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02059.

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There is increasing economic pressure on the Merino industry to grow finer wool and at the same time to turn off more sheep meat. Fleece weight generally decreases with finer fibre diameters, so theoretically, finer wool sheep should be able to partition more nutrients to reproduction and muscle growth. However, complex and often indirect mechanisms appear to prevent this in practice. This review summarises the available data on genetic and phenotypic relationships between wool fibre diameter and fleece weight, liveweight, fatness, and reproductive performance, and develops mechanistic hypotheses for these relationships that could be tested experimentally.Selection for reduced fibre diameter may decrease liveweight, fatness, and reproductive performance. These characteristics are also affected by the availability of nutrients, and finer fibre diameter may affect nutrient metabolism through 2 adaptations that tend to maintain fleece weight: an increase in follicle density and/or an increase in relative fibre length. These act in different ways. Follicle density may affect final body size through linkages established during fetal development. Increased fibre growth rate requires an increase in protein synthesis rate in the skin, which in turn may affect whole-body protein turnover rate and the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. Other pathways potentially affected by fibre diameter include the control of feed intake, prenatal programming of insulin sensitivity, and a reduced responsiveness of tissues to nutrient supply. However, none of these mechanisms accounts for the reports of an increased proportion of dry ewes in fine wool sheep, particularly if run in environments that experience periods of low quality pasture.Although associations between fibre diameter and growth rate, fatness, and reproduction rate are repeatable, there are not yet enough data for such associations to be realistically accounted for in breeding goals. More experimentation and a better knowledge of the causative relationships will facilitate development of finer wool sheep for environments where sheep turnoff normally provides a significant proportion of income from the sheep enterprise. Such mechanistic understanding will facilitate the development of molecular techniques for targetted selection, and the identification of more useful attributes for a quantitative genetics approach to improving simultaneously the profitability from both wool and meat.
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Hynd, P. I. "The nutritional biochemistry of wool and hair follicles." Animal Science 70, no. 2 (April 2000): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054655.

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AbstractThe rôle of various classes of nutrients (energy substrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids) in the production of wool and hair from follicles, is considered for a variety of animal species. The wool and hair follicle have evolved a number of interesting features of carbohydrate metabolism including glutaminolysis, aerobic glycolysis, significant activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, and storage and mobilisation of glycogen. Presumably the necessity to continue to produce fibre despite fluctuations in the supply of oxygen and nutrients has resulted in some of these unique features, while others reflect the high level of DNA and protein synthesis occurring in the follicle. While it is considered that energy does not normally limit fibre growth, the relative contributions of aerobic and anerobic metabolism will greatly influence the amount of ATP available for follicle activity, such that energy availability may at times alter fibre growth. Alopecia and deficient fibre growth are consistent outcomes of deficiencies of biotin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and pantothenic acid, but the precise rôles of these vitamins in follicle function await elucidation. Folate, in particular appears to play an important rôle in wool production, presumably reflecting its involvement in methionine metabolism. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly alters fibre growth in cultured follicles; vitamin D receptors are located in the outer root sheath, bulb, and dermal papilla of the follicle; and alopecia occurs in humans with defects in the vitamin D receptor. Retinol (vitamin A), too, appears to influence follicle function by altering keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, with direct effects on the expression of keratin genes. The receptors for the retinoids are present in the keratogenous zone, the outer root sheath, the bulb, and the sebaceous glands. Vitamin A may also act indirectly on follicle function by influencing the activity of the insulin-like and epidermal growth factors and by altering vitamin D activity. At present there is little evidence implicating alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) or phytylmenaquinone (vitamin K) in follicular events. Of the minerals, only copper and zinc have been shown to have direct effects on follicle function, independent of effects on food intake. Copper has direct effects on the activity of an unidentified enzyme on oxidation of thiol groups to form disulphide linkages. Wool produced by copper-deficient sheep lacks crimp, is weak and lustrous. Copper is also necessary for the activity of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins involved in melanin synthesis. Zinc, like copper, is required for the normal keratinization of fibres but again, the precise rôle has yet to be elucidated. While the importance of amino acid supply for wool growth has long been established, there are still some unaswered questions such as; what are the effects of amino acids on fibre growth in animals other than sheep; what are the characteristics of the amino acid transport genes and proteins operating in the wool and hair follicle; and what are the specific rôles for amino acids in follicle function.
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Kim, Y. C., S. Han, and S. Hong. "A feasibility study of magnetic separation of magnetic nanoparticle for forward osmosis." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.566.

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It was recently reported that a UK company has developed a naturally non-toxic magnetoferritin to act as a draw solute for drawing water in forward osmosis process. The gist of this technology is the utilization of the magnetic nanoparticle and high-gradient magnetic separation for draw solute separation and reuse. However, any demonstration on this technology has not been reported yet. In this study, a feasibility test of magnetic separation using magnetic nanoparticle was therefore performed to investigate the possibility of magnetic separation in water treatment such as desalination. Basically, a magnetic separation system consisted of a column packed with a bed of magnetically susceptible wools placed between the poles of electromagnet and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle was used as a model nanoparticle. The effect of nanoparticle size to applied magnetic field in separation column was experimentally investigated and the magnetic field distribution in a magnet gap and the magnetic field gradient around stainless steel wool wire were analyzed through numerical simulation. The amount of magnetic nanoparticle captured in the separator column increased as the magnetic field strength and particle size increased. As a result, if magnetic separation is intended to be used for draw solute separation and reuse, both novel nanoparticle and large-scale high performance magnetic separator must be developed.
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De Oliveira Martinez, Juan Pinheiro, Guiqin Cai, Matthias Nachtschatt, Laura Navone, Zhanying Zhang, Karen Robins, and Robert Speight. "Challenges and Opportunities in Identifying and Characterising Keratinases for Value-Added Peptide Production." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020184.

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Keratins are important structural proteins produced by mammals, birds and reptiles. Keratins usually act as a protective barrier or a mechanical support. Millions of tonnes of keratin wastes and low value co-products are generated every year in the poultry, meat processing, leather and wool industries. Keratinases are proteases able to breakdown keratin providing a unique opportunity of hydrolysing keratin materials like mammalian hair, wool and feathers under mild conditions. These mild conditions ameliorate the problem of unwanted amino acid modification that usually occurs with thermochemical alternatives. Keratinase hydrolysis addresses the waste problem by producing valuable peptide mixes. Identifying keratinases is an inherent problem associated with the search for new enzymes due to the challenge of predicting protease substrate specificity. Here, we present a comprehensive review of twenty sequenced peptidases with keratinolytic activity from the serine protease and metalloprotease families. The review compares their biochemical activities and highlights the difficulties associated with the interpretation of these data. Potential applications of keratinases and keratin hydrolysates generated with these enzymes are also discussed. The review concludes with a critical discussion of the need for standardized assays and increased number of sequenced keratinases, which would allow a meaningful comparison of the biochemical traits, phylogeny and keratinase sequences. This deeper understanding would facilitate the search of the vast peptidase family sequence space for novel keratinases with industrial potential.
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Tripathi, Meenakshi, Subhash K. Khanna, and Mukul Das. "A Novel Method for the Determination of Synthetic Colors in Ice Cream Samples." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.3.657.

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Abstract A simple method has been developed for the extraction, separation, and determination of synthetic colors in ice cream samples. The process involves the breakdown of emulsion by neutral detergents (Triton X-100 and Tween 20) followed by extraction with petroleum ether for removal of fat. The aqueous colored solution obtained is treated with 5% acetic acid, and the uptake of color is carried out by a wool-dyeing technique. The color is eluted from the wool with 5% ammonia solution, the solution is evaporated to dryness, and the residue is dissolved in 60% ethanol for paper chromatography using trisodium citrate–ammonia–water (2 + 5 + 95, w/v/v) as the mobile phase. The colored spots from the paper chromatogram are cut and eluted with 60% ethanol, and the absorbance is measured at the respective λ maximum corresponding to the Rf value of the appropriate standard. The recoveries of 6 colors, including sunset yellow FCF (SSYFCF), tartrazine, carmoisine, ponceau 4R, brilliant blue FCF (BBFCF), and fast green FCF from spiked samples with either detergent were found to be >90%. However, recoveries of erythrosine were 21 and 65% with Triton X-100 and Tween 20, respectively. Indigo carmine could not be recovered at all because of its fugitive property in 5% ammonia solution, which is used to strip the color from the wool. The sensitivity of the method with the use of Tween 20 is 1 ppm (1 μg/g) for the colors in spiked ice cream samples. With this method, we analyzed samples of 20 branded colored ice cream. The results showed the presence of tartrazine (8.4–43.3 ppm), SSYFCF (23.5–117.6 ppm), carmoisine (traces–53.2 ppm), erythrosine (3.5 ppm), and BBFCF (4.1 ppm) in the ice cream samples. Apart from 2 samples of tuttifruity, all of the ice cream samples showed the presence of permitted synthetic colors below the permissible level of 100 ppm established by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of India.
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Prakash, D., and P. Ravikumar. "Transient Analysis of Heat Transfer Across the Residential Building Roof with Pcm and Wood Wool- A Case Study by Numerical Simulation Approach." Archives of Civil Engineering 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2013-0026.

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Abstract In this paper, transient analysis on heat transfer across the residential building roof having various materials like wood wool, phase change material and weathering tile is performed by numerical simulation technique. 2-dimensional roof model is created, checked for grid independency and validated with the experimental results. Three different roof structures are included in this study namely roof with (i). Concrete and weathering tile, (ii). Concrete, phase change material and weathering tile and (iii). Concrete, phase change material, wood wool and weathering tile. Roof type 3 restricts 13% of heat entering the room in comparison with roof having only concrete and weathering tile. Also the effect of various roof layers’ thickness in the roof type 3 is investigated and identified that the wood wool plays the major role in arresting the entry of heat in to the room. The average reduction of heat is about 10 % for an increase of a unit thickness of wood wool layer.
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Fox, Elizabeth. "Making Cashmere, Making Futures." Inner Asia 17, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340034.

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This paper draws on fieldwork carried out in a cashmere factory in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Beginning my analysis as the raw wool enters the factory, I explore the factory as site in which multiple dreams come to exist and act on one other, focusing on the divide between management visions of the factory of the future and workers’ engagements in secondary economies. I then follow how attention to the trajectories of cashmere and the dreams of the factory articulate with the contrasting hopes of young and old female factory employees as they find ways simultaneously to manufacture cashmere and nurture their own dreams of the future: projects that not only rely on the factory as a place that brings people together in dynamic and creative ways, but also work to deny the containment of its walls. By following the cashmere, I interweave analyses on a number of scales, rejecting the separation of the material into that of the micro or macro, and instead demonstrating how the making of cashmere is also a matter of making futures.
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Li, Hechuan, Jianying Yu, Shaopeng Wu, Quantao Liu, Yuanyuan Li, Yaqi Wu, and Haiqin Xu. "Investigation of the Effect of Induction Heating on Asphalt Binder Aging in Steel Fibers Modified Asphalt Concrete." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071067.

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Induction heating is a valuable technology to repair asphalt concrete damage inside. However, in the process of induction heating, induced particles will release a large amount of heat to act on asphalt binder in a short time. The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of induction heating on asphalt binder aging in steel fibers modified asphalt concrete. The experiments were divided into two parts: induction heating of Dramix steel fibers coated with asphalt binder (DA) and steel wool fibers modified asphalt concrete. After induction heating, the asphalt binders in the samples were extracted for testing aging indices with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and Four-Components Analysis (FCA) tests. The aging of asphalt binder was analyzed identifying the change of chemical structure, the diversification of rheological properties, and the difference of component. The experiments showed that the binder inside asphalt concrete began aging during induction heating due to thermal oxygen reaction and volatilization of light components. However, there was no peak value of the carbonyl index after induction heating of ten cycles, and the carbonyl index of DA was equivalent to that of binder in asphalt concrete after three induction heating cycles, which indicated the relatively closed environment inside asphalt concrete can inhibit the occurrence of the aging reaction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wool Act"

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Verikios, George. "Understanding the world wool market : trade, productivity and grower incomes." University of Western Australia. School of Economics and Commerce, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0064.

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[Truncated abstract] The core objective of this thesis is summarised by its title: “Understanding the World Wool Market: Trade, Productivity and Grower Incomes”. Thus, we wish to aid understanding of the economic mechanisms by which the world wool market operates. In doing so, we analyse two issues trade and productivity and their effect on, inter alia, grower incomes. To achieve the objective, we develop a novel analytical framework, or model. The model combines two long and rich modelling traditions: the partial-equilibrium commodity-specific approach and the computable-general-equilibrium approach. The result is a model that represents the world wool market in detail, tracking the production of greasy wool through five off-farm production stages ending in the production of wool garments. Capturing the multistage nature of the wool production system is a key pillar in this part of the model . . . The estimated welfare gain for China is 0.1% of real income; this is a significant welfare gain. For three losing regions Italy, Germany and Japan the results are robust and we can be highly confident that these regions are the largest losers from the complete removal of 2005 wool tariffs. In both wool tariff liberalisation scenarios, regions whose exports are skewed towards wool textiles and garments gain the most as it is these wool products that have the highest initial tariff rates. The overall finding of this work is that a sophisticated analytical framework is necessary for analysing productivity and trade issues in the world wool market. Only a model of this kind can appropriately handle the degree of complexity of interactions between members (domestic and foreign) of the multistage wool production system. Further, including the nonwool economy in the analytical framework allows us to capture the indirect effects of changes in the world wool market and also the effects on the nonwool economy itself.
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Moore, Anthony G. "The role of the extracellular matrix in wool follicle development /." View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030901.152349/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1999.
Thesis submitted for degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, Nepean and CSIRO Division of Animal Production. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sneddon, Joanne. "Innovation in the Australian wool industry : a sensemaking perspective." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0010.

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Achieving the successful development, transfer and adoption of new agricultural technology is a popular issue in the innovation literature. Innovation diffusion and economic theory has informed this literature by emphasising the central role that technology attributes and economic rationality play in the adoption of new technology. In agricultural innovation context, research has traditionally taken a technological determinist perspective, assuming that technologies shape society and that all technological change is positive and progressive. As a result of limitations of the linear, determinist perspective of agricultural innovation to explain how new technologies are adopted and diffused, social constructivist approaches to agricultural innovation have emerged as a complement to this approach. However, a unifying framework of the social construction of new agricultural technologies has not been presented in the agricultural innovation literature. In this study Karl Weicks seven properties of sensemaking are used as the foundation for the development of a unifying conceptual framework for the examination of the social construction of agricultural technology. This thesis is a study of sensemaking in the context of agricultural innovation. It examines how participants in the Australian wool industry make sense of new technologies and how that sensemaking shapes their use of new technologies over time. The focal innovation initiative studied in this thesis is the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of objective wool fibre testing technologies. This initiative commenced in the 1960s and has resulted in significant changes in the way that Australian wool is produced, marketed and processed. An interpretive research paradigm is adopted in this study. A theory-building case study approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis is used to capture the ongoing, iterative, enactive and social actions and interactions that occur throughout the agricultural innovation process. The case study is divided into three separate but interlocking empirical analyses which examine how industry participants' sensemaking shaped their use of wool testing technologies at the industry, technological system and individual farm level. The findings and implications of the three empirical studies in this thesis are discussed in relation to (1) the interpretation frameworks of agricultural industry participants and technology enactment, (2) the sensemaking process, (3) the social construction of shared technology frames, and (4) the social construction of industry belief systems. This study contributes to the debate on the social construction of agricultural technology and sensemaking in the innovation process by exploring the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of new wool fibre testing technologies by industry participants over time. It builds on theoretical and empirical agricultural innovation and sensemaking research, and draws on a theoretical framework sensitive to the social construction of technology at the individual, group and industry levels. In doing so this study develops the concept of sensemaking in the agricultural innovation process as a way of deepening our understanding of how new agricultural technologies are transferred, adopted and diffused.
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Zhang, Yuping, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Tensile behaviour of non-uniform fibres and fibrous composites." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.143549.

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This work investigates the tensile behaviour of non-uniform fibres and fibrous composites. Wool fibres are used as an example of non-uniform fibres because they're physical, morphological and geometrical properties vary greatly not only between fibres but also within a fibre. The focus of this work is on the effect of both between-fibre and within-fibre diameter variations on fibre tensile behaviour. In addition, fit to the Weibull distribution by the non-brittle and non-uniform visco-elastic wool fibres is examined, and the Weibull model is developed further for non-uniform fibres with diameter variation along the fibre length. A novel model fibre composite is introduced to facilitate the investigation into the tensile behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites. This work first confirms that for processed wool, its coefficient of variation in break force can be predicted from that of minimum fibre diameters, and the prediction is better for longer fibres. This implies that even for processed wool, fibre breakage is closely associated with the occurrence of thin sections along a fibre, and damage to fibres during processing is not the main cause of fibre breakage. The effect of along-fibre diameter variation on fibre tensile behaviour of scoured wool and mohair is examined next. Only wet wool samples were examined in the past. The extensions of individual segments of single non-uniform fibres are measured at different strain levels. An important finding is the maximum extension (%) (Normally at the thinnest section) equals the average fibre extension (%) plus the diameter variation (CV %) among the fibre segments. This relationship has not been reported before. During a tensile test, it is only the average fibre extension that is measured. The third part of this work is on the applicability of Weibull distribution to the strength of non-uniform visco-elastic wool fibres. Little work has been done for wool fibres in this area, even though the Weibull model has been widely applied to many brittle fibres. An improved Weibull model incorporating within-fibre diameter variations has been developed for non-uniform fibres. This model predicts the gauge length effect more accurately than the conventional Weibull model. In studies of fibre-reinforced composites, ideal composite specimens are usually prepared and used in the experiments. Sample preparation has been a tedious process. A novel fibre reinforced composite is developed and used in this work to investigate the tensile behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites. The results obtained from the novel composite specimen are consistent with that obtained from the normal specimens.
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Miller, Sean Michael. "Practical approaches to improve the value of the Falkland Islands' sheep and wool industry /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20030612.171052/index.html.

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O'Brien, Jane, and n/a. "Tertiary fossil wood in South Eastern Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060821.132803.

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Palaeobotany illuminates past environments by relating the fossilised species to the existing geological conditions. This has previously been done with fossilised leaves and spores but not with fossilised wood. The recovery of a significant quantity of wood from an area of Tertiary sediments in New South Wales, enabled the used of fossilised wood as a palaeoenvironmental tool. Tertiary sedimentary deposits of south eastern Australia are diverse lithologically, occupy distinct areas and are limited in vertical and horizontal extent. However, samples in museum collections together with samples from field work and descriptions of fossil wood from previous researchers enabled an analysis of the fossil wood. The geological and palaeontological aspects of the fossil wood were considered for each specimen. Only specimens with precise information concerning location and description of the sedimentary deposits in which the specimens were found were investigated. Lithology, sedimentary structures and the relationship with surrounding geological units were also considered. The samples were then classified and identified. It was possible to identify fossil wood to Family level by comparison with existing taxa. In the majority of cases, identification to species level was not possible due to the lack of detail in the specimen and because features such as colour cannot be used with fossilised specimens. With Australian fossilised wood, a systematic nomenclature based on structure observed within the palaeotaxa, would be more relevant. Comparisons of cell structures with previous work on palaeoenvironmental indicators was found to be possible. Fossil wood has two uses. Firstly, as a local environmental indicator, usually in conjunction with sedimentological data, assessing the rate and direction of water flow, types of depositional environments and localised floral assemblages. Secondly, as an indicator of regional climate. Within any one particular time period, comparisons between the cellular structures of wood found in different parts of south eastern Australia show gross changes in cell size, mean growth ring size and vessel size, which enabled generalisations about climate for each epoch in the Tertiary. Palaeoclimatic indicators from the wood concurred with previous climatic interpretations based on palynology and sedimentology. Cool conditions during the Palaeocene were clearly indicated by small cells and small growth rings which gradually increased throughout the remainder of the Tertiary. Several areas e.g., Dargo High Plains, where cold conditions existed in isolation could be clearly distinguished. This corresponds with the gradual northward movement of the Australian plate with consequent increasing temperatures on the mainland.
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Treweek, Allison, and n/a. "Wood, money and habitat to burn: environmental issues and the role of the educator." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.114839.

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com, ronaldchapman1@bigpond, and Ron Chapman. "Fighting for the Forests: A History of The Western Australian Forest Protest Movement 1895-2001." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090121.162055.

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As the first comprehensive study of Western Australian forest protest the thesis analyses the protest movement's organisation, campaigns and strategies. Its central argument is that the contemporary Western Australian forest protest movement established a network of urban and south-west activist groups which encouraged broad public support, and that a diversity of protest strategies focused public attention on forest issues and pressured the state government to change its forest policies. The forest protest movement was characterised by its ability to continually adapt its organisation and strategies to changing social and political conditions. This flexible approach to protest not only led to victories in the Shannon River Basin, Lane-Poole Reserve and old growth forest campaigns, but also transformed forest protest into an influential social movement which contributed to the downfall of the Court Liberal Government in 2001.
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Green, C. "Studies of the interactions of CCA and ACA preservative treated wood with soil." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382207.

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Chemical and microbiological changes at the interface between soil, and wood treated with CCA or ACA wood preservatives were investigated using a series of leaching and soil burial studies. The softwoods Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis, Carr) and the hardwood lime (Tilia vulgaris, Hayne) were used exclusively. Copper losses from both types of preservative treated wood were negligible, though adjacent soil copper concentrations significantly increased. These copper accumulations were associated with a reduction in dehydrogenase activity around the preservative treated material compared with levels around the untreated blocks, though activity around the treated wood was rarely less than background levels. Relatively large arsenic concentrations accumulated around the most heavily ACA-treated blocks, and were associated with a further reduction in activity of the soil microflora. The wood species also affected the microbial activity in adjacent soil; activity around all lime blocks was generally greater than microbial activity around the softwoods. Treatment of wood with ammonia or ACA solutions increased the wood nitrogen contents. Some of this nitrogen was readily water soluble, though its rapid diffusion into adjacent soil had no effect on microbial activity in this area. Water insoluble nitrogen was also retained within these blocks; this was shown to increase the rate of microbial colonisation and decay of the wood and was also associated with an increased toxic value of copper. Microbial activity was measured in all decaying wood blocks. This activity was influenced by the wood species, and treatment, as were the microbial colonisation and decay rates. The experimental conditions employed were designed to promote soft rot, rather than other forms of wood decay. Activity was greater in the outer wood surface of the buried blocks than in the inner wood, reflecting the surface nature of soft rot decay. Pre-burial leaching reduced the subsequent moisture uptake and increased the durability of CCA-treated wood during soil burial, though untreated wood was unaffected. However, similar rates of microbial decay of untreated wood blocks occurred over a range of different wood moisture contents. The implications of the findings on the relative performances of untreated, ammonia, CCA and ACA-treated wood in soil contact are discussed.
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Yusiharni, Baiq Emielda. "An evaluation of chicken litter ash, wood ash and slag for use as lime and phosphate soil amendments." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0078.

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[Truncated abstract] Standard AOAC methods of chemical analysis have been used to characterize and evaluate the industrial byproducts; partly burnt chicken litter ash (CLA), totally burnt chicken litter ash (CLAT), wood ash (WA) and iron smelting slag for use as a combined liming agent and phosphate fertilizer. Rock phosphate has this function and was included for comparison purposes. All the byproducts had pH values above 9 and a liming capacity above 90% of pure lime, as a result, these materials will be effective as liming agents. Total P concentrations for CLA, CLAT, slag, and WA were 3.6%, 4.75%, 0.26%, and 0.44% respectively indicating that they could be used as P fertilizers when applied at the high rates required for liming soils. ... The RE values for all the materials relative to monocalcium phosphate (100%) for the first harvest are as follows, 50% for dicalcium phosphate, 31% for rock phosphate, 7% for partly burnt chicken litter ash, 7% for totally burnt chicken litter ash and 1% for wood ash and slag. The RE values for the second harvest were 100% for monocalcium phosphate, 80% for dicalcium phosphate, 40% for rock phosphate, 10% for partly burnt chicken litter ash, 8% for totally burnt chicken litter ash and 2% for wood ash and slag. Data for subsequent harvests are not reported due to the death of many plants. Clearly chicken litter ash has appreciable value as a phosphate fertilizer whereas wood ash and slag are ineffective. Explanations for these differences in effectiveness are discussed in the text. An evaluation of the liming effect of the byproducts indicates that they may be used as a soil amendment on acid soils and are nearly as effective as standard lime (CaCO3). Byproducts are also sources of other plant nutrients so they may be regarded as a form of compound fertilizer and liming agent.
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Books on the topic "Wool Act"

1

Wool Suit Fabric Labeling Fairness and International Standards Conforming Act: Report (to accompany H.R. 4583) (Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for field warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for grain warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for grain warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for nut warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for cottonseed warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for cottonseed warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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GOVERNMENT, US. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for field warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for nut warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. Warehouse Act, as amended: Regulations for dry bean warehouses. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Warehouse Division, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wool Act"

1

Azevedo, Henderson, and Gertrude Frei. "WOOLY: Wool Dyeing." In ACS Symposium Series, 158–68. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0408.ch012.

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Weatherall, Ian L. "The Aging of Wool Fibers." In ACS Symposium Series, 115–26. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0779.ch009.

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Heine, E., B. Hollfelder, W. Lorenz, H. Thomas, G. Wortmann, and H. Höcker. "Enzymes for Wool Fiber Modification." In ACS Symposium Series, 279–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0687.ch023.

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Rowell, Roger M., and James P. Dickerson. "Acetylation of Wood." In ACS Symposium Series, 301–27. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1158.ch018.

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Gardner, Douglas J., Cihat Tascioglu, and Magnus E. P. Wålinder. "Wood Composite Protection." In ACS Symposium Series, 399–419. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0845.ch025.

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Cardamone, Jeanette M. "Biodeterioration of Wool by Microorganisms and Insects." In ACS Symposium Series, 263–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0792.ch016.

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Kirker, Grant, and Jerrold Winandy. "Above Ground Deterioration of Wood and Wood-Based Materials." In ACS Symposium Series, 113–29. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1158.ch006.

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Kharazipour, A., K. Schindel, and A. Hüttermann. "Enzymatic Activation of Wood Fibers for Wood Composite Production." In ACS Symposium Series, 99–115. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0687.ch009.

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Ramos, L. P., and J. N. Saddler. "Bioconversion of Wood Residues." In ACS Symposium Series, 325–41. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0566.ch016.

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Galante, Y. M., D. Foglietti, C. Tonin, R. Innocenti, F. Ferrero, and R. Monteverdi. "Interaction of Subtilisin-Type Protease with Merino Wool Fibers." In ACS Symposium Series, 294–305. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0687.ch024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wool Act"

1

Weal, Mark J., Danius T. Michaelides, Mark K. Thompson, and David C. DeRoure. "The ambient wood journals." In the fourteenth ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/900051.900057.

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Georgescu, Mihai, Maria Sonmez, Laurentia Alexandrescu, Mihaela Nituica, Maria Daniela Stelescu, and Dana Gurau. "Designing and obtaining wood waste and chloroprene rubber-based composites." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.7.

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The aim of this paper is to obtain and study the properties of wood waste reinforced elastomer composites with various fibre contents (10-50 wt%). The composite is based on chloroprene rubber, and added post-consumer recycled wood particles, with dimensions of 500 nm eco-reinforcing material, and active fillers, plasticizers, vulcanizing agents, antioxidants. In order to enhance the compatibility and their level of interaction, the wood waste was finely ground (cryogenic mill) and functionalized with potassium oleate. Wood waste acts as a filling material which leads to the biodegradability of the composite and the decrease in density. Tensile, tear strength, elasticity, hardness, abrasion resistance, melt flow index and morphological study (FT-IR) of those composites were examined in order to determine the viability in various applications domains.
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Alexandreanu, Bogdan, Yiren Chen, Ken Natesan, and Bill Shack. "SCC Behavior of Alloy 52M/182 Weld Overlay in a PWR Environment." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57465.

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Weld overlays (WOL) of alloys believed to possess superior stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance are typically applied over welds made with SCC-susceptible alloys with the expectation that they will act as a barrier to SCC. The objective of this work is to investigate the behavior of a crack initiated in Alloy 182 as it approaches the Alloy 52M WOL interface. For this purpose, an Alloy 52M WOL was deposited on a double-J Alloy 182 weld. Compact tension specimens were fabricated with the notch in Alloy 182 and oriented towards the WOL, and tested in a simulated PWR environment. The first such test revealed that the SCC rates in Alloy 182 were found to decrease by an order of magnitude ahead of the interface, and that the crack advanced from Alloy 182 into Alloy 52M. The post test examination found that crack branching occurred at the interface between the two alloys. Growth in Alloy 52M along the interface appears severe, approx. 10−10 m/s. While for the most part (70%) the crack propagated along the interface, SCC cracking was also found to extend into Alloy 52M along the original direction. This cracking is substantial, yielding SCC rates of 10−11 m/s.
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Ahmad, Azlin, and Rubiyah Yusof. "The Implementation of Ant Clustering Algorithm (ACA) in Clustering and Classifying the Tropical Wood Species." In 2013 International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sitis.2013.117.

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Kawai, Naoki. "Modeling fiber stream of internal wood." In ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Conference abstracts and applications. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/280953.282239.

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"Wood – A Sustainable Building Material?" In 6th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2018). Global Science and Technology Forum, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-394x_ace18.43.

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Marschner, Stephen R., Stephen H. Westin, Adam Arbree, and Jonathan T. Moon. "Measuring and modeling the appearance of finished wood." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186822.1073254.

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Basinas, Ioannis, Tuula Liukkonen, Torben Sigsgaard, Nils T. Andersen, Jesper M. Vestergaard, Karen Galea, Ruth Wiggans, et al. "P096 Statistical modelling and development of a quantitative job exposure matrix for wood dust in the wood manufacturing industry." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.417.

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Jia, Junhui, Julio F. Davalos, Pizhong Qiao, and Gary Panariello. "Performance Characterization of Wood-FRP Bonded Interfaces." In Research Frontiers at Structures Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40944(249)62.

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Alexandrescu, Laurentia, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Maria Daniela Stelescu. "Development and characterization of biodegradable polymeric composites based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber and functionalized postconsumer wood waste." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.1.

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In a circular economy, the value of products and materials is maintained as much as possible; waste and resource use are kept to a minimum, and resources do not leave the economic flow once they reach the end of their life, but are reused and create further value. The paper presents the obtaining and characterization of a composite based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber - continuous phase, where are added post-consumer recycled wood particles, with dimensions of 500 nm - discontinuous phase, and ingredients, such as: active fillers, plasticizers, vulcanizing agents, antioxidants. Wood waste acts as a filling material which leads to the biodegradability of the composite and the decrease in density. The small size of the waste particles and their functionalization with potassium oleate leads to the formation of bonds between the matrix and the particles so that the physical-mechanical characteristics of the composite correspond to the requirements of the products obtained from it.
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Reports on the topic "Wool Act"

1

Martin, Kathi, Nick Jushchyshyn, and Claire King. James Galanos, Wool Evening Suit. Fall 1984. Drexel Digital Museum, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/6gzv-pb45.

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The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening suit by American fashion designer James Galanos with related text. This evening suit is from Galanos Fall 1984 collection. The skirt and bodice of the jacket are black and white plaid wool. The jacket sleeves are black mink with leather inserts that contrast the sheen of the leather against the luster of the mink and reduce some of the bulk of the sleeve. The suit is part of The James G. Galanos Archive at Drexel University gifted to Drexel University in 2016. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.
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Hernández, Karla, Bridget Lynn Hoffmann, Cristóbal Ruiz-Tagle, and Alejandra Schueftan. The Cost-Effectiveness of Air Pollution Information Provision Programs. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003391.

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Air pollution is one of the primary causes of premature death worldwide. This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of two different air quality information programs that were implemented as part of randomized control trials. In the case of the SMS air quality alerts in Mexico City, we find that the program was not cost-effective in the experimental sample, but it would likely be cost-effective if the program were extended to all of Mexico City. In the case of real-time feedback on wood stove emissions in Valdivia, we find that the program was cost-effective in both the experimental sample and at scale.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Salvaging Wood from Fallen Trees after Hurricanes Irma and Maria. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6943414.ch.

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The USDA Caribbean Climate Hub and the State and Private Forestry Program of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry of the US Forest Service, held a workshop on November 21, 2017 where more than 80 people gathered to identify the opportunities and resources necessary to take advantage of the wood from fallen trees in Puerto Rico after hurricanes Irma and Maria. Due to the economic and cultural value of tropical timber species, economic activities can be created from the available posthurricane plant waste. Millions of fallen trees and branches can be processed to produce compost, mulch, coal and biofuels, or raw material for artisans and construction. There is also economic value in the handling of wood materials, the sale of tools and equipment for transporting and processing, and the sale of valuable wood products. In addition, many wood products store carbon indefinitely, mitigating the increase of CO² in the atmosphere. The main need identified during the discussion was the need to act quickly to avoid the burning and disposal of wood materials in landfills across the country.
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