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Journal articles on the topic "Wool industry Australia"
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Vere, D. T., P. M. Dowling, R. E. Jones, and D. R. Kemp. "Economic impact of Vulpia in temperate pasture systems in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01100.
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An increasing incidence of annual grasses is considered to be a primary cause of decline in the productivity of Australia's temperate pasture systems. In particular, Vulpia (silver grass) comprises a significant proportion of the biomass of many temperate pastures and can seriously affect livestock productivity. The main economic effects of Vulpia include reducing pasture carrying capacities, contaminating produce and competing with more desirable pasture species. This paper presents the results of an economic evaluation of the costs of Vulpia and the long-term benefits of improving Vulpia management in the high-rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia. The evaluation used an integrated economic modelling system that determined the grazing system and livestock industry impacts of Vulpia and translated these into measures of economic welfare change that enabled the benefit-cost analysis of various levels of Vulpia management to be undertaken. With a focus on wool, the analysis established the high annual costs of Vulpia to wool producers and consumers, together with substantial long-term economic benefits that could potentially result from reducing the incidence of Vulpia in pastures. Total annual costs to the wool industry in the temperate pasture zone of New South Wales and Victoria ranged between A$7 and $30 million, while the potential discounted net benefits to the Australian and international wool industries were between $32 and $287�million over a 15-year period at a real discount rate of 5%. These estimates provide a strong economic basis for promoting improved management strategies for reducing Vulpia incidence in pastures.
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Doyle, E. K., S. W. Walkden-Brown, and P. J. Sommerville. "Development, implementation and evaluation of a hub and spoke multi-institutional national model to tertiary education in sheep and wool science." Animal Production Science 61, no. 16 (2021): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21056.
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Context The sheep and wool industry is an important and established primary production entity for Australia. Specialised tertiary education in the field of sheep and wool is pivotal to the advancement of the industry. Sheep and wool education has evolved over time synchronously with changes in the presentation of tertiary teaching. The face-to-face teaching and 4-year specialised degree in animal and wool science has now developed into an online learning system, with individual units made available to students across the country. This is delivered using a hub institute, University of New England and spoke universities across Australia. Aims The study evaluated the development and delivery of the hub and spoke method of tertiary education in sheep and wool science. Methods The data for this study comprised routine information gathered during university enrolment and specific student survey data from two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was an annual (2010–2017) survey of enrolled students (n = 289) and the second questionnaire was a survey of graduates from 2012 to 2015 (n = 128) from sheep and wool science. Key results Student numbers studying sheep and wool science in the hub and spoke program have increased three and a half fold in 10 years. The employment success of students studying the sheep and wool units is over 50%. Conclusions Utilising a hub and spoke model for online education delivery allows one university to specialise in a specific curriculum that can be offered across multi-institutions. Implications The tertiary training package, developed by the sheep and wool industry, has provided an estimated 400 graduates into the industry in 10 years.
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Tsokhas, Kosmas. "The wool industry and the 1936 trade diversion dispute between Australia and Japan." Australian Historical Studies 23, no. 93 (October 1989): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314618908595823.
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Buddle, E. A., H. J. Bray, and W. S. Pitchford. "Keeping it ‘inside the fence’: an examination of responses to a farm-animal welfare issue on Twitter." Animal Production Science 58, no. 3 (2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16634.
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Social media sites have become common sources of information about current affairs, and animal-activist organisations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), use these networks as campaign tools to raise awareness against animal agriculture. The aim of the present study was to understand how an animal-welfare issue was discussed in Twitter, in Australia. Twitter Application Programing Interface data featuring keywords and hashtags were initially collected between April and May 2014 to examine tweets on animal-welfare issues in the absence of a triggering event. In July 2014, PETA released footage portraying ill-treatment of sheep in Australian shearing sheds, generating 9610 tweets in 7 days, including themes such as disgust, condemnation of the cruelty, and calls to boycott the wool industry. PETA’s social-media campaign began 24 h before comment in conventional news media online, highlighting the role of social media in leading conventional media campaigning. Associated Twitter activity from the wool industry was limited. It is concluded that Twitter is not currently an effective medium for conversations between producers and the community about farm-animal welfare, despite encouragement from industry. While there are positives for producers and industry to be on Twitter, including the promotion of their business and communication within their micro-publics, Twitter as a platform may not be ideal for generating a dialogue between producers and the community. Further research into how people engage with the content, not just through the study of retweets and amount of traffic, is required to understand whether social media has potential to change attitudes towards animal production.
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PICKARD, JOHN. "Shepherding in Colonial Australia." Rural History 19, no. 1 (April 2008): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793307002300.
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AbstractShepherds were a critical component of the early wool industry in colonial Australia and persisted even after fencing was adopted and rapidly spread in the later nineteenth century. Initially shepherds were convicts, but after transportation ceased in the late 1840s, emancipists and free men were employed. Their duty was the same as in England: look after the flock during the day, and pen them nightly in folds made of hurdles. Analysis of wages and flock sizes indicates that pastoralists achieved good productivity gains with larger flocks but inflation of wages reduced the gains to modest levels. The gold rushes and labour shortages of the 1850s played a minor role in increasing both wages and flock sizes. Living conditions in huts were primitive, and the diet monotonous. Shepherds were exposed to a range of diseases, especially in Queensland. Flock-masters employed non-whites, usually at lower wages, and women and children. Fences only replaced shepherds when pastoralists realised that the new technology of fences, combined with other changes, would give them higher profits. The sheep were left to fend for themselves in the open paddocks, a system used to this day.
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Henry, B. K., D. Butler, and S. G. Wiedemann. "Quantifying carbon sequestration on sheep grazing land in Australia for life cycle assessment studies." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 4 (2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14109.
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The sheep industry has played an important role in Australia’s development and economy over the 220 years since European settlement and remains an important land use in Australia, occupying an estimated 85 million ha of continental land mass. Historically, deforestation was carried out in many sheep-rearing regions to promote pasture growth but this has not occurred within recent decades and many wool producers have invested in planting trees as well as preserving patches of remnant vegetation. Although the limitations of single environmental impact studies are recognised, this paper focuses on the contribution of carbon sequestration in trees and shrubs on sheep farms to the global warming potential impact category in life cycle assessment of wool. The analysis represents three major wool-producing zones of Australia. Based on default regional yields as applied in Australia’s National Inventory model, FullCAM, CO2 removals in planted exotic pines and mixed native species were estimated to be 5.0 and 3.0 t CO2 ha–1 year–1, respectively, for the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales in the ‘high-rainfall zone’ and 1.4 t CO2 ha–1 year–1 for mixed native species in the ‘sheep-wheat zone’ of Western Australia. Applying modified factors allowing for the higher measured growth rates in regions with rainfall >300 mm, gave values for native species reforestation of 4.4 and 2.0 t CO2 ha–1 year–1 for New South Wales and Western Australia, respectively. Sequestration was estimated to be 0.07 t CO2 ha–1 year–1 over 100 years for chenopod shrublands of the ‘pastoral zone’ of South Australia but this low rate is significant because of the extent of regeneration. Sequestration of soil organic carbon in improved permanent pastures in the New South Wales Northern Tablelands was evaluated to be highly uncertain but potentially significant over large areas of management. Improved data and consistent methodologies are needed for quantification of these benefits in life cycle assessment studies for wool and sheep meat, and additional impact categories, such as biodiversity, need to be included if the public and private benefits provided by good management of vegetation resources on farms are to be more fully recognised.
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Cooper, D., G. Olsen, and J. Bartle. "Capture of agricultural surplus water determines the productivity and scale of new low-rainfall woody crop industries." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 11 (2005): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04152.
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This paper presents a conceptual model for estimating the maximum scale of biomass processing industry that may be supported by woody crops grown in the medium and low rainfall agricultural regions of southern Australia. The model integrates paddock scale economics, water capture by woody crops, conversion of water to woody biomass, and estimation of suitable area. It enables estimates to be made of the maximum scale of implementation of commercial woody crops in various climatic regions, and the maximum amount of woody biomass that could be produced commercially within an economic transport distance of a processing facility. To demonstrate the utility of the model, potential biomass supply is estimated for 2 Western Australian wheatbelt towns, Merredin and Narrogin. These estimates are compared with the feedstock requirements of a range of different processing industries. This paper demonstrates that the rate of converting water to biomass and water capture biomass price are key determinants of the potential scale of biomass crops and processing industries in the southern Australian wheat and wool belts and hence the potential contribution of woody crops to dryland salinity management.
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Cobon, David H., Grant S. Stone, John O. Carter, Joe C. Scanlan, Nathan R. Toombs, Xike Zhang, Jacqui Willcocks, and Greg M. McKeon. "The climate change risk management matrix for the grazing industry of northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 1 (2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08069.
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The complexity, variability and vastness of the northern Australian rangelands make it difficult to assess the risks associated with climate change. In this paper we present a methodology to help industry and primary producers assess risks associated with climate change and to assess the effectiveness of adaptation options in managing those risks. Our assessment involved three steps. Initially, the impacts and adaptation responses were documented in matrices by ‘experts’ (rangeland and climate scientists). Then, a modified risk management framework was used to develop risk management matrices that identified important impacts, areas of greatest vulnerability (combination of potential impact and adaptive capacity) and priority areas for action at the industry level. The process was easy to implement and useful for arranging and analysing large amounts of information (both complex and interacting). Lastly, regional extension officers (after minimal ‘climate literacy’ training) could build on existing knowledge provided here and implement the risk management process in workshops with rangeland land managers. Their participation is likely to identify relevant and robust adaptive responses that are most likely to be included in regional and property management decisions. The process developed here for the grazing industry could be modified and used in other industries and sectors. By 2030, some areas of northern Australia will experience more droughts and lower summer rainfall. This poses a serious threat to the rangelands. Although the impacts and adaptive responses will vary between ecological and geographic systems, climate change is expected to have noticeable detrimental effects: reduced pasture growth and surface water availability; increased competition from woody vegetation; decreased production per head (beef and wool) and gross margin; and adverse impacts on biodiversity. Further research and development is needed to identify the most vulnerable regions, and to inform policy in time to facilitate transitional change and enable land managers to implement those changes.
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Besier, R. B., and S. C. J. Love. "Anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in Australia: the need for new approaches." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02229.
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Sheep worm infections increasingly threaten the profitability of the Australian sheep industry as the prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance continues to rise. Field experiments have demonstrated that the use of drenches that are of reduced efficacy due to resistance can reduce wool production by 10% and significantly reduce sheep sale value. The major factor in benzimidazole (BZ) and levamisole (LV) resistance, and in part macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in Haemonchus contortus, is considered to be the excessive frequency of treatment. In Ostertagia circumcincta, ML resistance appears to be related chiefly to interactions between the environment and the time of treatment, where resistant worms surviving drenches are not significantly diluted by worms acquired after treatment. Resistance to the BZs and LV affects almost all Australian sheep farms, and on most drench efficacy is now below a useful level. ML resistance is common in O. circumcincta in Western Australia, and increasingly prevalent in H. contortus in summer rainfall regions. Closantel resistance is a major threat to H.�contortus control in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. The organophosphate naphthalophos, especially when used in combination with other compounds, has proved useful although variable in efficacy. It is essential that the sheep industry adopts approaches that minimise reliance on chemical control, such as the breeding of worm resistant sheep, use of specific grazing strategies for worm control and apply flock treatment tactics to minimise further resistance development. New non-chemical technologies under development are also expected to contribute to more sustainable worm control. Nutritional regimens that minimise the impact of worm infections and enhance the immune response require investigation and integration into sustainable control practices.
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Hunt, Warren, and Jeff Coutts. "Extension in Tough Times—Addressing Failures in Public and Private Extension, Lessons from the Tasmanian Wool Industry, Australia." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 15, no. 1 (March 2009): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240802617452.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Wool industry Australia"
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Sneddon, Joanne. "Innovation in the Australian wool industry : a sensemaking perspective." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0010.
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Achieving the successful development, transfer and adoption of new agricultural technology is a popular issue in the innovation literature. Innovation diffusion and economic theory has informed this literature by emphasising the central role that technology attributes and economic rationality play in the adoption of new technology. In agricultural innovation context, research has traditionally taken a technological determinist perspective, assuming that technologies shape society and that all technological change is positive and progressive. As a result of limitations of the linear, determinist perspective of agricultural innovation to explain how new technologies are adopted and diffused, social constructivist approaches to agricultural innovation have emerged as a complement to this approach. However, a unifying framework of the social construction of new agricultural technologies has not been presented in the agricultural innovation literature. In this study Karl Weicks seven properties of sensemaking are used as the foundation for the development of a unifying conceptual framework for the examination of the social construction of agricultural technology. This thesis is a study of sensemaking in the context of agricultural innovation. It examines how participants in the Australian wool industry make sense of new technologies and how that sensemaking shapes their use of new technologies over time. The focal innovation initiative studied in this thesis is the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of objective wool fibre testing technologies. This initiative commenced in the 1960s and has resulted in significant changes in the way that Australian wool is produced, marketed and processed. An interpretive research paradigm is adopted in this study. A theory-building case study approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis is used to capture the ongoing, iterative, enactive and social actions and interactions that occur throughout the agricultural innovation process. The case study is divided into three separate but interlocking empirical analyses which examine how industry participants' sensemaking shaped their use of wool testing technologies at the industry, technological system and individual farm level. The findings and implications of the three empirical studies in this thesis are discussed in relation to (1) the interpretation frameworks of agricultural industry participants and technology enactment, (2) the sensemaking process, (3) the social construction of shared technology frames, and (4) the social construction of industry belief systems. This study contributes to the debate on the social construction of agricultural technology and sensemaking in the innovation process by exploring the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of new wool fibre testing technologies by industry participants over time. It builds on theoretical and empirical agricultural innovation and sensemaking research, and draws on a theoretical framework sensitive to the social construction of technology at the individual, group and industry levels. In doing so this study develops the concept of sensemaking in the agricultural innovation process as a way of deepening our understanding of how new agricultural technologies are transferred, adopted and diffused.
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Scobie, David Roger. "Short term effects of stress hormones on cell division rate in wool follicles : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs421.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207) A local intradermal technique using colchicine to estimate cell division rate in wool follicles is refined and used throughout the thesis. Statistical methods used to analyse data obtained with this method are described and discussed. The implications of the findings are of great significance to research into the influence of physiological changes on wool production, and suggest experiments should be conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with a minimum of stress imposed on the animals.
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Teubner, Jonathan. "Research and development expenditure by the Australian Wool Corporation and its effect on the market power of the Australian Wool Industry /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ect351.pdf.
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Blake, Jacqueline. "Business-to-business communication and the requirements for an ontology for the Australian timber and wood products industry." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003204/.
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[Executive Summary]: The purpose of this thesis is to describe business-to-business communication and the characteristics of an open standard for electronic communication within the Australian timber and wood products industry. The current issues, future goals and strategies for using business-to-business communication identified by respondents in a questionnaire are discussed. The study addresses these questions, by using a self-administered questionnaire which was constructed and mailed to 2000 organisations. The questionnaire was used to ascertain a base-line of information systems’ use in the Australian timber and wood products industry, and to establish how to make successful the introduction of a more accessible means for system to system interoperation between organisations. A prototype domain specific ontology was engineered using content analysis of a representative timber and wood product organisation product listing. A visual representation of the ontology modelled using unified modelling language is presented. The formal specification of the ontology was constructed using an ontology editor, Protégé. The outcomes of the questionnaire include that the industry has a small number of large enterprises and a large proportion of small to medium enterprises. Computer and Internet use in the industry is comparable to that in other Australian industry sectors. For both intrabranch and business-to- business the established communication modes of postal service, telephone and facsimile are those most frequently used. However where advanced information technology modes exist, it is used extensively. Use of electronic data interchange is now used mostly by organisations employing over 100 employees, whereas supply chain management use is limited. Small to medium enterprises have failed to adopt an information systems strategy plan, while organisations employing over 100 do have plans in place. Attitudes toward information technology, business-to-business communication and information systems security are dependent upon organisational size while compliance to information systems’ standards was not. Barriers to adoption of technology specific communication identified in the study are location, lack of resources, organisational size and a lack of planning. Drivers to increase the bandwagon effect in the industry are education and the availability of a simple low-cost complete package to demystify technology intensive electronic business-to-business communication. For the ontology to proceed to a standard a collaborative effort must be made by industry partners to reach consensus on an acceptable standard.
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Treweek, Allison, and n/a. "Wood, money and habitat to burn: environmental issues and the role of the educator." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.114839.
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Dwyer, Jacqueline. "Les playoust au bout du monde: a case study of two French-Australian families." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/227240.
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The thesis begins by referring to the French traders who came to Australia in the late 19th century. Their goal was to acquire wool of fine quality in order to meet the needs of the thriving woollen textile mills in Northern France, but in bypassing the London market, they also encouraged the colony's independence from the mother country. I present two of these traders, Georges and Joseph Playoust who arrived in Australia with their families, in 1889 and 1892 respectively, and discuss their early experiences in their new land. The second part of chapter 1 describes the education that these two brothers had received in France and compares it with the education they gave to their children in Australia. I outline the public education system that applied in France and Australia respectively at the time. I consider the values with which the Playoust brothers had been imbued in France of the Third Republic in the wake of the Franco-Prussian War. I note that despite their Republicanism, both Playoust brothers sent their children in Australia to private religious schools administered by religious orders that were banned in France. The second chapter describes the families' move to Sydney where the markets were larger. I touch on current concepts on transnationalism and apply them retrospectively to the family. I describe the leading role played by Georges Playoust in Sydney as founding president of the French Chamber of Commerce, and more generally his contribution to Australian society in which he became a public figure. I analyse in detail the speeches he made on the French National Day, both in French and in English. The third chapter is devoted to the contribution of women to the Alliance Francaise, then, when war broke out, to the French-Australian League of Help, an important patriotic fund in 1914-18 where both Playoust families were heavily involved as founders and administrators, together with Australians from the Red Cross and the Benevolent Society. The last chapter is based on the letters of the seven young Playoust men, who were mobilised by the French army to serve on the Western Front, and Jacques Playoust's diary from the savage campaign in Verdun. All these men had been educated in Australia, and wrote in English to each other, but in French to a young Parisian cousin. I analyse the complex web of ideas and sentiments expressed in these writings of French-Australian men in an extreme situation, fighting for their homeland far from 'home'. The conclusion returns to the themes of patriotism, transnationalism and French-Australian relations. Original letters and speeches and my translations of them are included in the Appendices.
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Scobie, David Roger. "Short term effects of stress hormones on cell division rate in wool follicles / by David Roger Scobie." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21634.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207)ix, 207 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
A local intradermal technique using colchicine to estimate cell division rate in wool follicles is refined and used throughout the thesis. Statistical methods used to analyse data obtained with this method are described and discussed. The implications of the findings are of great significance to research into the influence of physiological changes on wool production, and suggest experiments should be conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with a minimum of stress imposed on the animals.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1992
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Clark, Judith. "The introduction of agriculture for wood production in Australia : public policy lessons from the softwood planting program." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148067.
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Wood, Connell. "Examination of the potential for reuse of chromated copper arsenate wood waste by nitric acid pulping." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69311.
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Treated timber is a widely used construction material, as it is resistant to insect and fungal attack. The most commonly used timber treatment solution worldwide is copper chromium arsenate (CCA) pressure treated wood (APVMA 2005a). Environmental and health issues have been raised over CCA wood, with major particular concern raised on the possibilities of arsenic in the wood potentially leaching out. The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) have limited its usage to minimise human contact with CCA structures (APVMA 2005a). In South Australia, CCA applications increased dramatically with the expansion of the winery industry where CCA treated timber posts were widely used for vineyard trellises. Due to the mechanical method by which most grapes are harvested, roughly 2% of all posts are broken and require disposal annually (SAEPA 2008). The Environmental Protection Agency of South Australia (EPASA) have placed restrictions on CCA disposal from vineyards (SAEPA 2004) and waste CCA stock is either stockpiled or sent to specially lined landfills incurring an estimated cost penalty of over $AU 200 per tonne¹ . Clearly, improved CCA treatment technologies must be developed to reduce (or eliminate) the cost of CCA disposal and to the footprint of land filled waste. CCA timber disposal techniques currently being researched are focussed primarily on thermal and biological routes. Thermal techniques are problematic due to volatilization of the arsenic in the product, whilst biological removal techniques are very slow. Chemical remediation is an alternative and attractive disposal technique of interest using various acids to extract copper, chromium and arsenic. Nitric acid has been shown to be particularly effective (Honda, Kanjo et al. 1991), although research has been limited. Nitric acid is also used in one method of paper pulp production, and as such, there is the potential for a combined CCA extraction and paper pulp process. This has the attraction of turning a waste in a value added product. The kinetics of copper, chromium and arsenic dissolution in nitric acid has been examined in this thesis. A key finding of the work identifies the size of CCA wood particles as the dominant factor affecting the extraction rate, whilst temperature and acid concentration only provide a minor effect. The extraction rate for all elements from CCA wood using nitric acid generally follow 2nd order kinetics. Concurrently, a study examining wood chips of various ages taken from vineyards was performed using chip sizes typical required for paper production. It was found that despite significant variations in the concentration profile of CCA in posts, a general model based on the fraction of each element could be created for posts of all ages. Over an 8 hour period, 65-80% of chromium, 50-70% of copper and 75-90% of arsenic was extracted from all posts. Given the excellent extraction observed under relatively simple nitric acid extraction, further studies on the applicability of nitric pulping for CCA remediation are recommended. Minimizing chip size subject to fibre size constraints in paper production is key to improved removal and additional means for enhancing chip surface area are identified. Other stages present in paper pulping process may solublize additional CCA and these warrant further investigation. A basic economic estimation was undertaken, where it was found that creating paper pulp from CCA wood could be economically feasible, but will require further research to determine the expected costs and revenues involved. The nature of the CCA wood waste was investigated. The expectation was that CCA posts would contain relatively consistent concentration profiles for copper, chromium and arsenic. However, it was observed that the concentrations were quite varied. Further, several posts produced during the wine boom in South Australia were very poorly treated with very poor penetration of the preservatives into the posts. This could result in a reduced lifetime for the posts, and potentially higher arsenic leaching than expected. It is also recommended that the frequency of these poorly treated posts be determined, as three of the six posts examined from this period were potentially poorly treated, implying it may be significant and unexpected problem. In addition, a study should be initiated to determine if these poorly treated posts are leaching higher levels of arsenic, by both a study of the surrounding soil and a simulated rainfall leaching experiment. Based on the concern that more arsenic leached from pieces of CCA post left in deionised water than expected, an experiment on posts of various ages revealed that over a 100 day period, 1.5-3g of elemental arsenic could leach from a submerged CCA treated post. There is a serious concern that with CCA posts being landfilled, they will be exposed to water contact over the wet months, resulting in high arsenic leaching. It is theorised that this high arsenic leaching is due to insufficient chromium in the CCA solution. Previous studies have recommended higher chromium to arsenic ratios than are currently employed in Australia. Further studies on the extent to which this leaching can occur in landfill are recommended.
¹ Personal communication with John Blumson, Zero Waste South Australia, 22/7/08.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2011
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Stephens, Michael Leslie. "The economics of multiple-use forestry with reference to wood production and conservation of the Leadbeater's possum in the central highlands of Victoria." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145163.
Full textBooks on the topic "Wool industry Australia"
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Textile Institute (Manchester, England). Conference. Pre-print of conference proceedings: Textile Institute 1988 Annual World Conference, Sydney, Australia, 10-13 July. [Manchester, England]: Textile Institute, 1988.
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Court, Jane, John Webb Ware, Sue Hides, and Noel Campbell. Sheep farming for meat & wool. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.
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Breaking the sheep's back: The shocking true story of the decline and fall of the Australian wool industry. St Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland Press, 2011.
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Ville, Simon P. The rural entrepreneurs: A history of the stock and station agent industry in Australia and New Zealand. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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Woldendorp, Richard. Wool: The Australian story. North Freemantle, W.A: Freemantle Arts Centre Press in association with Richard Woldendorp, 2003.
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Fyfe, Christopher. Gentlemen's agreements: Australian wartime wool appraisements. Dalkeith, W.A: Lana Press, 1996.
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Kaine-Jones, Geoff. Exporting Australian wool: The changing economic role of the wool exporter : a report to the Australian Council of Wool Exporters. Armidale, N.S.W: Rural Development Centre, University of New England, 1988.
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Islam, Nazrul. Increased demand for wool apparel in Western European markets: Effect on Australian wool auctions. South Perth, W.A: Dept. of Agriculture, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wool industry Australia"
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McLean, Ian W. "Becoming Very Rich." In Why Australia Prospered. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154671.003.0005.
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This chapter looks at how the gold rushes beginning in the 1850s brought not only a diversification of the economic basis of prosperity beyond that provided by the wool industry, but coincided with the de facto political independence of five of the Australian colonies through their attainment of responsible government from Britain. Critical to the maintenance and extension of prosperity during these turbulent years was the way in which the shock to the economy of the gold discoveries was mediated by the evolving economic and political institutions. Gold continued to be important to prosperity for several decades, while a resumption of the expansion of the wool industry was matched by the development of other branches of agriculture.
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Shirmohammadi, Maryam. "A Review of Traceability Systems in the Timber Industry." In Wood Industry - Past, Present and Future Outlook. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106704.
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The Australian timber industry generated $23.1b in revenue in 2019–2020, contributing $7.2b to Australia’s gross domestic product. Total Australian timber export in 2019–2020 was estimated at over $3b, with log exports of approximately $650 m. Major export destinations are China, Japan, and New Zealand, with China importing over $1.6b of Australian timber products. An effective two-way tracing system will help secure product export to these major trading partners by eliminating product rejections due to a lack of certification, treatment, and pest management traceability, and enhancing the certification of product performance and compliance of imported structural and non-structural products. An opportunity exists to promote the development of proposed tracing systems to major import trading partners as a means of proving product integrity and maintaining market share as Australia continues to eliminate practices that facilitate illegal logging processes. This review aims to highlight the need for a national product tracing system in place for the Australian timber industry. This review aims to present information about current and potential future technologies that the timber industry can use across the supply chain to trace and monitor product quality and origin.
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Ahlqvist, Toni, John Kettle, Ville Valovirta, and Nafty Vanderhoek. "Strategic Roadmapping as a Policy Tool for Meso-Level Industrial Transformation." In Global Perspectives on Achieving Success in High and Low Cost Operating Environments, 172–207. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5828-8.ch007.
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This chapter illustrates the use of strategic roadmapping as a policy tool for regions or industry sectors to formulate a strategy to renew and transform their industrial base when faced with structural decline, diminishing opportunities, and intensifying competitive pressures. This approach is illustrated by the case study of the forest and wood products industry in the Green Triangle region in the southeast of South Australia, both the road maps produced and the staged policy recommendations made for immediate, short, and long-term action. The chapter concludes by summarising the key arguments for the use of strategic roadmapping as policy tool for industrial transformation, and identifying some future avenues for strategic roadmapping in the forest and wood products industry and in manufacturing industry in general.
Reports on the topic "Wool industry Australia"
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Geelong and Surf Coast. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206969.
Full textAbstract:
Geelong and the Surf Coast are treated here as one entity although there are marked differences between the two communities. Sitting on the home of the Wathaurong Aboriginal group, this G21 region is geographically diverse. Geelong serviced a wool industry on its western plains, while manufacturing and its seaport past has left it as a post-industrial city. The Surf Coast has benefitted from the sea change phenomenon. Both communities have fast growing populations and have benefitted from their proximity to Melbourne. They are deeply integrated with this major urban centre. The early establishment of digital infrastructure proved an advantage to certain sectors. All creative industries are represented well in Geelong while many creatives in Torquay are embedded in the high profile and economically dominant surfing industry. The Geelong community is serviced well by its own creative industries with well-established advertising firms, architects, bookshops, gaming arcades, movie houses, music venues, newspaper headquarters, brand new and iconic performing and visual arts centres, libraries and museums, television and radio all accessible in its refurbished downtown area. Co-working spaces, collective practices and entrepreneurial activity are evident throughout the region.