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Journal articles on the topic 'Wool production'
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1
Russel, A. J. F., H. M. Sangster, G. T. Gittus, and Hilary Redden. "Fine wool production from UK hill land resources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027604.
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Wool is the most neglected agricultural commodity in the UK. In many sheep enterprises the returns from wool represent less than 2% of the gross income and in some cases the value of the wool produced is less than the cost of shearing. Wool production, however, represents a potential avenue for agricultural diversification and, being a non-food commodity and suited to production in the Less Favoured Areas, accords with the agricultural policies of the UK government and the EU.Significant increases in return from wool can come only from improvements in quantity and/or quality, two traits which in most breeds are negatively correlated. The most important determinant of wool quality, is fibre diameter. An analysis of prices of wools of different qualities over a four year period (1987-1990 inclusive) showed that the relationship between these variables could be described by the equation
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McKay, J. C. "Fibre production in angora rabbits." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018481.
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Angora rabbits carry a mutation.which confers continuous wool growth. The use of the wool in textiles was first recorded in 1706 in the U.K. and western Europe dominated world production until the the early 20th century. China now produces 60 percent of the world's 4,000 tonne annual crop.Genetic and nutritional improvements have led to a five-fold increase in annual yields over the last 40 years. Current commercial strains produce up to 1.5 Kg of wool per year from rabbits weighing 4 Kg. To maintain such yields requires concentrate diets with protein contents of at least 16 percent and cystine+methionine contents of 0.8 percent.The wool may be sheared or plucked and consists of three fibre types. The wool hairs (80 percent of the fleece) are among the finest animal fibres at 8-12 microns. They have a hollow medulla which gives important properties of low density (1.23 grams per ml versus 1.3 for sheep wool) and high thermal insulation (2-3 times that of sheep wool).
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Williams, A. J. "The Efficiency of Wool Production." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 3 (September 1986): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500307.
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The efficiency of wool production – which in the context of this review means largely the production of fine wool in Australia, the largest grower – depends on local conditions and management systems. The main factors, other than genetic, are climatic and edaphic; the proportion of herbage utilized by the sheep; and the proportion of ingested herbage converted into wool.
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Vacula, Miroslav, Martin Klvač, Robert Mildner, and Šárka Keprdová. "Parameters of Cement Bonded Particle Boards Modified with Stone Wool Fibre." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.195.
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The contribution deals with possibilities of using waste from the production of stone wool for modification of the existing composition of cement boards . Waste - the fibres from the production of stone wool - was used as an alternative to the standardly used wooden filler (chips, sawdust). The waste was tested in laboratory and then added to the mixture for the production of cement-bonded particleboards as a substitute for wood filler. The physical and mechanical properties of laboratory-made boards with a modified recipe were monitored.
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Papa, Lumturi, and Kristaq Kume. "SHEEP WOOL PRODUCTION IN ALBANIA." Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 2, no. 2 (2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54865/mjas1222143p.
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Denney, GD, HI Ridings, and KJ Thornberry. "An analysis of the variation in wool production between commercial properties from a survey of a wheat-sheep shire in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (1990): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900329.
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A survey of Merino breeding properties in the Weddin Shire of New South Wales was used to relate the variation in wool production among properties to physical and management factors. Clean wool production averaged 3.15 kg per sheep and showed little variation between the eastern, central and western portions of the shire. However, clean wool production per hectare was greatest in the eastern portion where rainfall, pasture improvement and stocking rate were highest. Overall, ewes produced 88% as much wool as the wethers but variation was great, with 23% of the properties surveyed producing more wool per sheep from their ewes. The difference in productivity for properties in the highest and lowest quartiles was 71% when ranked on clean wool production per sheep. The difference was 184% when ranked on clean wool production per hectare, and even though stocking rate more than doubled, individual productivity increased. Similar differences in quartile production were observed in each portion of the shire. Regression analysis was used to test the importance of 9 physical and 10 management factors as determinants of the variation in clean wool production between properties. Four factors (stocking rate, managerial assessment, sheep strain/bloodline and location within shire) accounted for 74% of the variance in wool production per hectare, but after adjusting for the time of shearing, only 16% of the variance in wool production per sheep was explained. In a more specific analysis of wool production of the properties' ewe flock, 42% of the variance was accounted for by the source of genetic material, stocking rate, pasture improvement, time of lambing, the proportion of Merino ewes and an assessment of managerial ability. Research workers considering on-farm experimentation in wool production should be aware that large productivity differences can occur between nearby properties. Therefore, treatments should be allocated to properties based on known wool production. Further, results obtained from either the ewe, wether or hogget flocks may have application to only that class of sheep because of the large differences in commercial management imposed on them.
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Enciu, Ana, Camelia-Zoia Zamfir, Elena Ilisiu, and Alina Nicolescu. "Evaluation of the Wool Production on Romanian Sheep Breeds." Annals of "Valahia" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agr-2023-0010.
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Abstract Sheep breeding is a traditional activity in Romania and wool production has been for a long period the main resource for the farmers’ prosperity. The opportunity of this study was generated by two main aspects: the change of the exploitation directions of sheep towards milk and meat production, which contributed to the lack of interest in selection and breeding for wool and to the reduction of the productive level and quality parameters of the wool; the absence of a national standard for classifying raw wool adapted to the current breeds structure, the conditions of sheep farming and the market requirements for this animal product An extensive study was carried out over 5 years on flocks of sheep belonging to the main local breeds Merinos de Palas, Tsigaie, Tsurcana, the newly created breeds at ICDCOC Palas Constanta respective Palas Meat Breed, Palas Milk Breed, Palas Prolific Breed as well as on some hybrids obtained through crossbreeding of new breeds with imported sheep breeds specialised for meat production (Texel and Rouge de l’ Ouest). The main goals of this study were: to establish the average level of wool production, the limits of variation and the potential for selection for wool quantity, by individual weighing of the wool fleeces harvested during the shearing season; to evaluate the wool quality level in the flocks analysed on the basis of the objective determination, by laboratory analysis on randomly collected samples, of the average fibre diameter, relative length of the staples, individual fibre length, degree of crimp, degree of impurity and the limits of variation of these quality parameters. This paper presents a summary of the values obtained for the quantity of raw wool and the fineness of wool as an essential quality parameter for the classification and valorisation of this natural resource. The results obtained in the study revealed in general a large variability in the productivity level of local sheep breeds and their hybrids with specialised imported breeds. The existence in the analysed herds of a percentage of 40-50 % of sheep performing above the flocks average (plusvariants) shows a potential for selection for the quantitative level of wool production. Thus, for these selected flocks (lines) an additional 10.23 ≈ 24.09 % wool production can be obtained compared to the averages levels. In terms of average fineness the analysis of the data shows that : the Palas Merino sheep, fall into the category of fine wool breeds; the three new sheep breeds created at ICDCOC Palas and the Tsigaie breed belonging to the Reghin - Mures Experimental Base have semi-fine wool (fiber diameter over 25 microns); the flock of White Tsurcana breed from the Bilciuresti - Dambovita Experimental Base falls into the category of sheep with semi coarse - coarse wool. The range of variation in diameter was very wide for all the breeds analysed. Thus in the Palas Merino breed differences of 5-7.5 μm between the maximum and minimum diameter measured represent according to the Bradford classification (English system) a difference of 7 fineness classes . The Tsigai breed has also a large uneveness of this parameter, CV over 20 % in rams and sheep yearlings. The analysis of the data on wool diameter revealed that more than 40% of the studied sheeps had above-average fineness, they could constitute selected flocks (lines) with higher values of the main wool quality parameter that determines the market value. Thus an increase in wool fineness of 3.63 ≈ 11.52 % can be achieved within a selected flock . The results presented showed that, under the current conditions of breeding and exploitation of sheep in the analized flocks, there is a potential of selection for wool production and for fibre diameter as the main quality parameter . Also, on the basis of the analysis carried out on the grading/classing/sorting of wool worldwide and the results obtained within this study, proposals were made to improve the quantity and increase the commercial value of wool production obtained from the sheep breeds reared in Romania.
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Ntsiapane, A. D., J. W. Swanepoel, A. E. Nesamvuni, and T. O. Ojo. "Assessing the efficiency of smallholder wool farmers in the changing paradigms of the Free State province of South Africa." South African Journal of Animal Science 53, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.14.
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The South African population is predicted to increase to almost 66 million by 2030. This necessitates paradigm shifts to improve agricultural efficiency. However, South African wool production has continuously declined over the past three decades. The study analysed the efficiency of smallholder wool farmers and identified the determinants of technical inefficiency in wool production in Thaba ‘Nchu and Botshabelo in the Mangaung Metro (Free State province, South Africa). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 351 participants. A stochastic frontier model was employed to analyse the efficiency of wool farmers. The results indicate that increases in feed and veterinary costs negatively affect the efficiency of smallholder wool production. Wool quality and use of social media were found to have a negative and statistically significant influence on the variation in the inefficiency of wool production (i.e., as these variables increase, inefficiency decreases). Poor extension services and poorly managed farmers’ associations increase the inefficiency of smallholder wool producers. Furthermore, only 7% of smallholder farmers were efficient, and most smallholder wool farmers were not producing at full capacity; there is thus much room to improve production. To increase the efficiency of smallholder wool production in Mangaung, it is recommended that farmers are trained to improve the quality of their wool and, consequently, increase the wool price. Further recommendations include improvement of extension services, better management of farmers’ association
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Charlick, AJ, and GW Arnold. "Effect of bearing and rearing lambs on Merino wool production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900591.
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Over a 15-year period, the greasy fleece weights of medium-wooled Merino ewes lambing in June in a 625 mm winter rainfall area in south-western Australia were examined in relation to the numbers of lambs born and reared. The ewes were set stocked at 6.7 ewes/ha on annual pasture. During this period selection for increased wool production was undertaken. A generalised linear model was used to assess the effects of bearing and rearing lambs. There was a significant (P<0.05) year x lambing interaction because of a different response over years 1-7 from that over years 8-15. Over years 1-7 when dry ewes cut an average of 4250 g greasy wool, ewes raising single lambs cut 185 g less wool (P<0.001); the few that raised twins cut a similar amount of wool to dry ewes. In years 8-15, wool production of dry ewes increased to an average of 5524 g. Ewes that lambed but lost their lambs cut 386 g less wool, those raising single lambs 652 g less wool, and those raising twins 846 g less wool. Over years 8-15, a second flock in which some ewes lambed twice a year was examined. These ewes received supplementary feed for out of season lambing. Those that raised 2 single lambs in a year cut 1120 g less wool than dry ewes.
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SEN, R. N. "Production of Aniline Black on Wool." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 32, no. 10 (October 22, 2008): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1916.tb00898.x.
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Wang, H. Y., S. W. Li, T. H. Wu, Z. H. Wu, and J. X. Guo. "The effect of androgen on wool follicles and keratin production in Hetian sheep." Brazilian Journal of Biology 81, no. 3 (September 2021): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.224056.
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Abstract To investigate the optimal androgen concentration for culturing Hetian sheep wool follicle and to detect effects of androgen concentration on wool follicle cell proliferation and apoptosis using immunofluorescence labeling and real-time quantitative fluorescence determinations of wool keratin-associated protein gene expression levels. Wool follicles were isolated by microdissection and wool follicles and skin pieces were cultured in various concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in culture medium. Next, daily lengthwise growth measurements of wool follicles were obtained using a microscopic micrometer. Cultured Hetian wool follicles were stained using the SACPIC method to reveal wool follicle structure, while sheep skin slices were used to observe cell proliferation by immunostaining and cell apoptosis using the TUNEL method. At the molecular biological level, keratin-associated protein (Kap) gene expression was studied using wool follicles cultured for various numbers of days in vitro. Effects of androgen concentrations on Hetian wool follicle growth and development were experimentally studied. EdU proliferation assays revealed that androgen promoted cell proliferation within wool follicle dermal papillae. TUNEL apoptosis detection demonstrated that androgen treatment could delay cell apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results demonstrated that gene expression level patterns of Hetian mountain sheep super-high sulfur protein. Kap1.1, KIF1.2, Kap2.12 and Kap4.2 gene expression level of the mountainous experimental group was significantly higher than plains Hetian sheep. An androgen concentration of 100 nM can promote the growth of Hetian wool follicle cells in vitro, resulting in overexpression of some genes of the Kap family.
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Foster, F. M., R. B. Jackson, D. L. Hopkins, and R. Corkrey. "Production and management considerations of running wethers, hemi-castrates and induced cryptorchids for wool production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 3 (1997): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea95122.
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Summary. Male, fine wool Merino sheep which had been subjected to different methods of castration as lambs were assessed from 22 to 46 months of age for their suitability for wool production, their tolerance to posthitis and their carcass characteristics. Hemi-castrates produced significantly (P<0.001) more clean wool than induced cryptorchids of a similar fibre diameter. Induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than wethers. Partial hemi-castrates and induced cryptorchids had significantly (P<0.001) heavier and leaner carcasses (lower GR measurement) than wethers and testosterone-treated wethers. Induced cryptorchidism and hemi-castration proved to be effective means of reducing the prevalence of posthitis such that as the degree of castration decreased the proportion of animals with higher posthitis scores decreased (P<0.001). Testosterone levels in induced cryptorchids (1.01 ng/mL) and hemi-castrates with partial reduction of the parenchyma (0.83 ng/mL) were similar, whereas hemi-castrates with complete reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle had a significantly (P<0.001) lower level (0.32 ng/mL) and significantly (P<0.001) lighter testes. Development of horns and obvious scrotums by induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates with partial reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle attracted penalty rates at shearing and slaughter. Some induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates exhibited masculine behaviour, but they were unlikely to be fertile because although spermatozoa were present they were abnormal and/or non-motile. Hemi-castrates with full reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle offer significant advantages over the other groups for wool production. Severe posthitis was not observed, they were infertile, they did not attract penalty rates for shearing or slaughter and their clean fleece weight, wool quality, carcass weight and grade were comparable with or superior to wethers. To reduce dependence on synthetic hormones to control posthitis, traditional complete castration techniques could be replaced with this type of partial castration in wool-producing flocks.
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Eady, SJ, DA Pritchard, and PK O'Rourke. "Effects of genotype and environment on wool production of Merinos at pasture at two locations in semi-arid tropical Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 6 (1990): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900735.
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The problem of low wool production in central- western and north- western Queensland led to a study of the relative wool production of different genotypes of Merino sheep in these 2 regions. A number of the bloodlines of sheep introduced to central western and north-western Queensland attained a higher mature liveweight (P<0.01) and produced more wool (P<0.05) than the locally bred sheep. Annual wool production was closely related to mature liveweight, and the strong wool South Australian Merinos were consistently the heaviest and produced the most wool. Ranking on fleece characteristics and liveweight was consistent for both locations. Under severe nutritional stress, the sheep introduced to north-western Queensland showed a significantly (P<0.05) greater drop in tensile strength of their wool than locally bred sheep. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between productivity levels of the sheep at each location, with the environment in central-western Queensland being more suited to wool production. The results of this experiment suggest that some bloodlines of Merinos offer the potential to improve the wool production of sheep bred in central- western and northwestern Queensland; however, the effect of rearing environment may also be important.
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Lucia, Arianna, Hendrikus W. G. van Herwijnen, and Thomas Rosenau. "Wood-based resins and other bio-based binders for the production of mineral wool." Holzforschung 74, no. 6 (February 28, 2020): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0280.
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AbstractThe traditional binder used in mineral wool is phenolic resin that makes mineral wool insulations reliable and efficient. The toxicity and health hazards of phenol and formaldehyde are becoming more and more pressing, and the industrial production needs to focus on safer precursors. Several formulations of bio-based binders for mineral wool have been developed, meeting the challenge of performing equally well as conventional binders. Technical lignins, due to their intrinsic structure and their abundance, are good candidates for future industrial adhesives. Carbohydrates are other class of biomaterials widely used in both research and patent formulations toward mineral wool binders. Proteins and cardanol are still largely unknown precursors, although they have hidden potentials for reliable binder systems. Even if conventional binders are not replaced completely with bio-based alternatives today, a partial use is already a step forward in the right direction – toward future biorefinery-based industries and knowledge-based bioeconomies in general.
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Swan, A. A., I. W. Purvis, and L. R. Piper. "Genetic parameters for yearling wool production, wool quality and bodyweight traits in fine wool Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 9 (2008): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07425.
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Genetic parameters were estimated for traits measured in the first year of production in a multi-bloodline flock of fine wool Merino sheep. Between 5025 and 9271 animals were measured, depending on the trait, and these animals were the progeny of up to 430 sires. Heritability estimates for fleece weight traits ranged from 0.37 to 0.49, while estimates for five wool quality traits ranged from 0.34 for staple strength to 0.66 for mean fibre diameter. For bodyweight, the heritability estimated at weaning was 0.20, and at the yearling age was 0.51. Maternal genetic effects were significant for fleece weight and bodyweight traits and were highly correlated between these trait groups, indicating that these effects are determined by similar groups of genes in both trait groups. While most genetic correlation estimates were either favourable or neutral, there were economically antagonistic correlations between fleece weight and mean fibre diameter, ranging from 0.15 to 0.30, and between mean fibre diameter and staple strength (0.26). Overall, the heritabilities and genetic correlations estimated in this fine wool population were similar to estimates from other strains, indicating that outcomes from selection programs will be similar across strains and that fine wool sheep can be included in across flock genetic evaluations with other strains.
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Murphy, A., and J. Conington. "A genetic analysis of wool and lamb production traits in Scottish Blackface Sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006773.
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Scottish Blackface sheep have a multi-purpose role in the UK to produce breeding females and lambs for meat consumption. Over the last fifty years, wool has accounted for a very low proportion of economical return from hill sheep production in the UK. In recent years, the ratio of the value of lamb meat to wool clip has altered, with wool becoming relatively more important in particular for hill breeds. The consequence of direct selection for improved carcass traits in these breeds on wool quality is unknown. With other sheep breeds such as Merino, selection for improved wool traits has largely been undertaken with little regard to the impact on meat production. The objectives of this study are to quantify wool quality traits and examine genetic relationships between wool quality and carcass traits in Scottish Blackface sheep.
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de Rochambeau, H., R. G. Thébault, and J. Grun. "Angora rabbit wool production: non-genetic factors affecting quantity and quality of wool." Animal Science 52, no. 2 (April 1991): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100012927.
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ABSTRACTA study was made of the wool production of 490 females and 137 males of a strain of French Angora rabbit. The female adults weighed 4107 g and produced 249 g of wool every 14 weeks. Production was low for the first harvest (35 g) which consisted mainly of short wool. It then increased rapidly (203 g for the third harvest). After the third harvest, three-quarters of long wool was also bristly. The length of bristles (102 mm) decreased by 4 mm, and that of downs (62 mm) increased by 3 mm when the harvest number went from two to four. The coefficient of correlation between wool production and live weight was lower than 0·30. Adult females born in autumn produced 16 g more than those born in summer. Wool production was at a maximum during autumn and winter harvests and at a minimum in summer.Winter fleeces had longer bristles and down than summer ones. Males produced well wool than females. When a female dropped a litter, her wool production decreases by proportionately 0·1 to 0·2. Bristly fleeces were clearly different from woolly fleeces on account of higher weight, homogeneity and compression. Objective criteria to evaluate tautness will have to found.
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Komorowska, Monika, Marcin Niemiec, Jakub Sikora, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Pavol Findura, Hatice Gurgulu, Joanna Stuglik, Maciej Chowaniak, and Atılgan Atılgan. "Closed-Loop Agricultural Production and Its Environmental Efficiency: A Case Study of Sheep Wool Production in Northwestern Kyrgyzstan." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176358.
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As a country with not only significant production potential but also fragmented land ownership, the Kyrgyz Republic struggles with environmental efficiency, which is a strategic element of environmental management in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental efficiency of sheep’s wool when used as a fertilizer in bean production in northern Kyrgyzstan. In this study, the efficiency indicator was taken to be GHG emissions per functional unit of product, using a proprietary methodology for calculating GHG emissions to determine the true value of this material as a source of soil nutrients and organic matter. Two experimental factors were used in the experiment: fertilizer type and fertilizer rate. Fertilization with sheep wool resulted in a 15% higher bean yield compared to when fertilized with mineral fertilizers at a comparable rate, converted to pure nitrogen. By using sheep wool as a source of mineral nutrients for the plants, the carbon footprint was reduced by almost 10% compared to a facility with mineral fertilization. Therefore, the use of sheep wool as a source of plant nutrients is environmentally justified.
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Roshier, DA, and I. Barchia. "Relationships Between Sheep Production, Stocking Rate and Rainfall on Commercial Sheep Properties in Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 1 (1993): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930079.
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Historical sheep production and rainfall data from 14 properties in semi-arid western New South Wales were analysed for relationships between wool production, lamb marking percentage, stocking rate and rainfall. Twelve of the properties were located on predominantly chenopod shrubland (Atriplex spp. and Maireana spp.) and two on mulga (Acacia aneura) land types. The relationship between wool production per head (WOOLHD, kg greasylsheep) and rainfall (RF, mmlyear) was similar on 10 of the 11 properties with wool production and rainfall data. This was so despite differences in vegetation type and average stocking rate. The generality of this relationship suggests that wool production per head is largely determined by a common, rainfall related factor operating over a wide range of management regimes. Stocking rates did not have a significant effect on wool production per head on the majority of properties. Data from the above properties were combined to generate the following generalised equation: -29.43 - WOOLHD = 7.5 lexp RF R~ =35.72 (P<0.01) Wool production per hectare was largely determined by stocking rate on most properties. No consistent relationship between lamb marking percentage and when rain fell could be found. However, rainfall in the period between joining and lamb marking was significant on six properties. It is concluded that total wool production is largely determined by stock numbers. The data suggests animal productivity is more dependent on management responses to dry periods and the rate of change in forage availability in the absence of rain.
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Magolski, J. D., J. S. Luther, T. L. Neville, D. A. Redmer, L. P. Reynolds, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. "Maternal nutrition during pregnancy influences offspring wool production and wool follicle development1." Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 3819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3687.
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CHERRIE, J., S. KRANTZ, T. SCHNEIDER, I. ÖHBERG, O. KAMSTRUP, and W. LINANDER. "AN EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION OF AN EARLY ROCK WOOL/SLAG WOOL PRODUCTION PROCESS." Annals of Occupational Hygiene 31, no. 4B (1987): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/31.4b.583.
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Селионова, Marina Selionova, Траисов, Baluash Traisov, Баймишев, Khamidulla Baymishev, Скорых, and Larisa Skorykh. "QUALITY INDICATORS OF WOOL CROSSBREDS BRIGHT AKZHAIK MEAT-WOOL BREED DEPENDING FROM THE SELECTION OF PARENTAL PAIRS." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19066.
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The purpose of the study is improving the wool productivity of sheep of Akzhaik meat-wool breed at the expense of different selections of parents. For research used two variants of selection of parental pairs: Akzhaik meat-wool sheep producing meat-tion type (weight not less than 110 kg, wool production in the original 9.5 kg, wool length of 15.0 cm, fineness of wool 50 quality) were paired with ewes class I and II at the age of 2.5 years is not a local type of herd age and sex depending on the class ewes were divided into two groups of 200 animals each. The same principle was formed the second option of selection of parental pairs. Only were used for mating with avamat-kami class I and II rams-manufacturers of custom herd (live weight 102 kg, wool production in the original 8.24 kg, wool length 15.5 cm, wool fineness 50 quality). The study of wool production and physico-technical properties of the wool yearling bright were carried out using established techniques in research laboratories of wool VNIIOK Stavropol. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the increase in meat content of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep has no adverse effects on wool productivity bright. So the hair is bright at one year of age was typical for crossbreeding in fineness and the staple well-adjusted. Significant differences in physico-technical properties between the compared groups was not available and the wool meet the requirements of the textile industry for a homogenous semi-fine wool.
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Shoja, J., H. Esfandyari, S. A. Rafat, and M. Dorostkar. "Computer-assisted image analysis for the comparison of sampling methods for assessing wool properties in Arkharmerino × Ghezel crossbreed sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029823.
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Usually investigations on wool properties are carried out using classical instruments like a Projection Microscope at wool laboratories in Iran. It is readily acknowledged that the Projection Microscope is of limited usefulness. Firstly, it is a very slow and labour intensive technique. Secondly, it is very imprecise when a single operator conducts measurements within one laboratory. Image analysis presents a quick, reliable, unbiased technique for determining wool properties (Rose and Debra, 2001). The application of computer-assisted image analysis to the measurement of wool properties potentially enables a significant reduction in the counting time for each sample. Recently in Iran, coarse-mixed wools have been valued and used in similar areas as finer wools. Coarse-mixed wools can be blended with artificia1 fibres to produce high valued clothes. They are also used widely in carpet production. This is why, in Iran, carpet wool breeds of increasing fleece weight is a main selection target, with improvement of fineness and uniformity as the next most important. Typically small samples from the whole fleece are taken using a scissors. The samples can be taken from six regions, i.e. neck, back, hip, shoulder, flank and rump, however usually they are taken from three regions, namely the shoulder, last rib and rump, in breeds with coarse-mixed wools. These sampling methods cause loss of time and require more labour. In this research, two methods of sampling the Arkharmerino × Ghezel fleece were compared. Sampling from only over the right mid-side, as occurs in fine wool breeds was compared with taking samples from three regions (shoulder, last rib and rump).
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Akkus, Memis. "Hybrid composite board produced from wood and mineral stone wool fibers." BioResources 17, no. 4 (September 19, 2022): 6245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6245-6261.
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Wood fiberboards are used extensively, mainly in the fields of furniture production, interior fittings, construction, etc. Mineral stone wool materials are used for heat and sound insulation in the construction industry. This study aimed to produce a new hybrid-based composite material by mixing fibers obtained from wood and mineral stone wool. For this purpose, hybrid fiberboards with 50, 40, 30, and 20% stone wool addition and a fiberboard group consisting of 100% pine and beech fibers (control sample) were produced in a hot press using thermoset-based urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins. Statistical comparisons of the results were made for values of density, thickness swelling, and water absorption extents after 24 h immersion, bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending, tensile strength perpendicular to the board surface (internal bond strength), and time to ignition (TTI) analysis. Additionally, percentage of mass loss (PML), average heat release rate (A-HRR), average effective heat of combustion (A-EHC), and mass loss rate (MLR) were studied. The results showed that as the stone wool content in the produced boards increased, the mechanical properties and thickness swelling decreased. The combustion results showed that the combustion resistance of the boards increased with increasing stone wool ratio.
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Ingham, Peter, Steven McNeil, Warren Meade, and Matthew Sunderland. "Wool and Carpets - 6000 Years of Innovation, Quality and Sustainability." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.490.
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The first manufacture of rugs with pile yarns made from animal fibres was well over 6000 years ago and the oldest carpet still in existence is around 2400 years old. The carpets and rugs sector is the major end-use of strong wool which makes up around 45% of global wool production (fine wool comprises 35% of global production).The advantages and perceived deficiencies of wool carpets in comparison with newer generation synthetic carpets are highlighted with possible solutions and new directions for research. Improvements in these areas are essential for wool to maintain its share of the carpet market.
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Peri, Pablo Luis, Yamina M. Rosas, Emilio Rivera, and Guillermo Martínez Pastur. "Lamb and Wool Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Southern Patagonia." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158544.
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In Southern Patagonia, grasslands are the principal food resource for sheep reared for meat and wool as the main provisioning ecosystem services (ES). The main objective of this study was to model lamb and wool production as provisioning ES at a regional scale using climatic, topographic, and vegetation variables from sheep farms across Santa Cruz province. At a regional level, animal yield ranged from 0.25 to 0.69 g lamb/m2/yr and 0.10 to 0.19 g greasy wool/m2/yr. We used multiple regression models to produce maps of lamb and wool provisioning ES across Santa Cruz province. The model for variation of lamb production explained 96% of the variance in the data and the most significant predictor variables were temperature seasonality, normalized vegetation index (NVDI, dimensionless), and desertification index. The most important variables for the model of greasy wool production were isothermality, temperature seasonality, and NVDI, which together explained 98% of the variance. The lowest CF values of both products (lamb and wool) were located in more productive grasslands. There were differences in lamb and wool production across vegetation types with the highest values being located in more productive grasslands (0.51 g lamb/m2/yr in Nothofagus antarctica forest and 0.15 g greasy wool/m2/yr in Magellanic grass steppe and N. antarctica). Lamb and greasy wool yields decreased with desertification gradient due to erosion processes. The main limitation of the model is related to the data availability at landscape level, which must be improved in future studies by accounting for soil type, fertility, and soil water content. The results of lamb and wool production found in the present work assist in characterizing the provisioning ES ecosystem of livestock products in Southern Patagonia. The successful management of livestock becomes an important challenge to the commercial and policy communities to satisfy society’s need for food and wool products under sustainable grassland management.
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Stankov, Stanko. "Modern control of mineral wool production process." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120428069s.
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In this paper, the control of the plant for mineral wool production consisting of a number of the technological units of different sizes and complexity is considered. The application of modern equipment based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) configuration provides optimal control of technological process. Described supervisory and control system is consisting of a number of units doing decentralized distributed control of technological entities where all possible situation are considered during work of machines and devices, which are installed in electric drive and are protected from technological and electrical accident. Transformer station and diesel engine, raw materials transport and dosage, processes in dome oven, centrifuges, polycondensation (PC) chamber, burners, compressor station, binder preparation and dosage, wool cutting, completed panel packing and their transport to storehouse are controlled. Process variables and parameters like as level, flow, velocity, temperature, pressure, etc. are controlled. Control system is doing identification of process states changes, diagnostic and prediction of errors and provides prediction of behavior of control objects when input flows of materials and generates optimal values of control variables due to decreasing downtime and technic - economical requires connected to wool quality to be achieved. Supervisory and control system either eliminates unwanted changes in the production line or restricts them within the allowable limits according to the technology. In this way, the optimization of energy and raw materials consumption and appropriate products quality is achieved, where requirements are satisfied in accordance with process safety and environmental standards. SCADA provides a visual representation of controlled and uncontrolled parts of the technological process, processing alarms and events, monitoring of the changes of relevant variables, data archiving, choice of either automatic or manual control. Supervison of the production process by intuitive screens on monitors, and display terminal is allowed to the operator. Certain objects of plant are represented by the appropriate symbols whose color is changed depending on status (working, inactive status, stand by, failure, etc.). Symbols are associated with characteristic parameters and the variables whose current values are monitored by graphics and/or tables. Special attention is paid to alarm conditions occurring in the case of failure or exceeding the set limits of certain values. Alarm signal is manifested by sound and signal light, with a corresponding text message on the screen, with the date and time of occurrence and the request to the operator to confirm the alarm in some way. Alarms and other important data are stored in the database, including information about the time of removing the causes of the alarm emergence. Beside data acqusition and processing data of process variables and installed equipment state, the system also provides data archiving and generating and printing of daily, weekly and monthly reports. Based on these reports, analysis and appropriate corrections are being done to increase productivity. Specific data of drive functionality, raw materials and amounts of final products are available to management at any moment via Internet. Information about status of embedded equipment, devices and protective elements provide planning periodical reviews and remont some lines or whole plant. Then replacement of certain parts significantly contributes to efficienty of current, preventive and investment maintenance. In this way, reliability and safety of production plant are increased. With complete automatization of production process that is complex and multidisciplinary, demages and energy consumption are considerably decreasing, workforce is optimized, good quality of final product is achieved and plant work with full capacity is provided. Some technical solutions (diesel engine and transformer station supervisory, compressor station supervisory, electric drive regulation, dedusting system control, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system control, transport and dosage system control) applied at realization of supervisory and control system for mineral wool production process, can be also applied to regulation large number of industrial processes.
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ROGERS, G. "Improvement of wool production through genetic engineering." Trends in Biotechnology 8 (1990): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(90)90123-f.
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Flamant, Jean-Claude. "Production of hides, skins, wool and hair." Livestock Production Science 42, no. 1 (April 1995): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)90045-4.
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MITCHELL., H. L. "PRODUCTION OF A SOLUBLE COMPOUND FROM WOOL." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 16, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1900.tb00192.x.
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Alpackiy, Dmitriy. "Recycling in the production of mineral wool." E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 04086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304086.
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The main heat-insulating material used in Russia is mineral wool. One of the problems of waste reclamation of mineral wool products is returning of chips and globules back to the solid fuel furnace. To solve the problem, it is proposed to briquette waste before feeding it into the furnace. The author suggests using alumina cements of Russian production as a binder. The choice of the binder is conditioned by the chemical composition of the cement. The second factor that was considered when choosing the binding material was its strength in the early stages. Samples of a mixture of waste and binder were pressed into cylinders and then heat treated for an hour. As a result of the study, the dependences of the impact strength of the samples on steam curing temperature and the humidity of the samples have been obtained. It has been revealed that an increase in humidity has a greater effect on the rise in impact strength than an increase in temperature. Results: the dependence of the impact strength of briquettes made of the mineral wool industry waste and alumina cement on humidity and curing temperature has been revealed, which will make it possible to select optimal conditions for returning of waste to the furnace.
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Zhao, Chun Zhi, Yi Liu, Shi Wei Ren, and Yan Jiao Zhang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Typical Glass Wool Production in China." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.998.
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Glass wool is the roll felt product produced by melting and fiberizing glass and then adding adhesive for curing processing. It is well-shaped, thermally insulated and corrosion resistant and has low volume density, low thermal conductivity, good acoustic absorptivity and stable chemical properties. By taking 1t glass wool as the functional unit, this paper quantitatively obtains that the impact of the product on primary energy demand, greenhouse effect, acidification potential, photochemical ozone formation potential and respirable inorganics is 1.12×105MJ/t, 8×103kg CO2 equivalent/t, 84.1kg SO2 equivalent/t, 3.21kg NMVOC/t and 15.5kg PM2.5 equivalent/t respectively. This paper provides reference for enterprise's cleaner production and consumer's green material selection by making life cycle assessment for glass wool insulation material, quantifying the environmental load of glass wool product, identifying the environment hot spots in product life cycle and illustrating the environment compatibility of product.
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Doyle, PT, RA Love, and TW Plaisted. "Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950437.
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Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any experiment was the same. Supplementary feeding varied between experiments from 150 to 240 days. The sheep grazed annual pastures at stocking rates of 8-1 6.7ha. Average lick intake was 12-18 g/sheep. day. During supplementary feeding, there was considerable variation in LWC (-80 to +110 g/day) and clean wool growth rates (3.8-15.1 g/day) within and between experiments. However, there was no significant positive effect of gypsum or mineral lick supplementation on LWC or clean wool growth rates during or after supplementary feeding in any experiment. There were positive (P<0.01) relationships between LWC and clean wool growth rates during supplementation. Also, for some spring-shorn sheep types, staple strength of wool was linearly related (P<0.01) to LWC in the period before the position of break in the wool staple. Annual wool production, average fibre diameter, and staple strength of midside wool were not significantly increased by supplements of gypsum or mineral lick in any experiment.
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Kukenienė, Žydrūnė, and Vaidotas Vaišis. "POSSIBILITIES OF USING STONE WOOL WASTE IN COMPOSTING." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.089.
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The aim of research is to check the possibility of composting stone wool waste using sewage sludge. The problem is huge amounts of dumped waste (sewage sludge, production waste in the stone wool) without any treatment. There is no practice to compost production waste in the stone wool in Lithuania. Stone wool waste can be one of bulk materials in the process of sewage sludge composting and can improve the quality of the prepared compost. Production waste in the stone wool contains phenol and formaldehyde that are very hazardous pollutants, and therefore it is important to follow its concentration during the composting process. The paper analyses the degradation of formaldehyde concentration. Adding stone wool waste made no degradation in the composting process. The most remarkable reduction in formaldehyde concentration is observed during the first half of the composting period. The average composting duration is two months which is a sufficient period for formaldehyde degradation.
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Al-Saadi, Majid J. "Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Seeds and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Wool Growth of Awassi Male Lambs." World's Veterinary Journal 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj31.
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Nutrition can have a significant effect on animal production. In recent years, many compounds have been widely used as feed additives to stimulate animals’ appetites and consequently improve animal productivity. Exogenous fibrinolytic enzymes are one of these feed additives, which have been used as a digestive stimulant in different types of animals. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds and leaves have been widely used as an appetite stimulant. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the dietary effects of using 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and 3% of grinds Rhus coriaria seeds on wool production and some physical traits of the Awassi lambs. Twenty-four male Awassi lambs with an average age of 4 months were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each containing six animals. The control group received a basal diet equivalent to 2% of body weight. The second group received the same diet supplemented with 3% sumac (Rhus coriaria) powder. The third group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (protease, amylase, and cellulase). The fourth group received the basal diet supplemented with both 3% Rhus Coriaria powder and 0.3% exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment lasted 130 days in the animal house belonging to the College of Veterinary Medicine in Iraq. Some wool traits, including wool staple length, clean wool weight, greasy wool weight, wool fiber length, and wool fiber diameter, were measured. The results revealed significant differences in all measured wool quality traits among the treated groups compared to the control group. The group receiving the diet supplemented with a combination of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Rhus coriaria powder exhibited the most significant improvements in wool growth, overall wool production, and physical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of using exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and sumac as effective appetite stimulants and enhancers of wool production in Awassi lambs.
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Danila, Angela, Mariana Costea, Lenuta Profire, Cristina Mihaela Rimbu, Mihaela Baican, Florentina Lupascu, Simona-Maria Tatarusanu, Bianca-Stefania Profire, and Emil-Ioan Muresan. "A Sustainable Approach to a Cleaner Production of Antimicrobial and Biocompatible Protein Fibers." Polymers 14, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153194.
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This study presents the production, characterization, and application of celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) extracts (aqueous, acidic, alcoholic, and ultrasound) on wool fibers and their characterization. The study aims to obtain an ecologically dyed wool support that possesses biocompatible and antimicrobial activities. The plant extracts were characterized based on pH, total polyphenol content, and berberine content. Ecologically dyed wool supports were characterized based on scanning electron microscopy, levelness index, color measurements, contact angle indirect biocompatibility, and antibacterial analysis. According to the obtained results, celandine extract can be considered a potential candidate for the sustainable dyeing and functionalization of wool fibers.
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Akbulut, Nihat, and Mustafa Özdemir. "Analytical characterisation and production of wool wax from Akkaraman and Morkaraman sheep's wool." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. Chemical Technology 35, no. 6 (May 29, 2007): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5040350607.
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Steponaitis, Laimutis, and Sigitas Vėjelis. "STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF MINERAL WOOL SLABS UNDER SHORT – TERM CYCLIC COMPRESSION." Engineering Structures and Technologies 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2010.12.
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The strength and deformability of mineral wools slabs, as well as thermo-insulating characteristics can be attributed to the most important indices determining the popularity of these products in practice. The mechanical resistance and stability of mineral wool slabs in use (at construction) of buildings, as well as the requirements for energy saving and heat conservation are in most cases related to the essential requirements set for a building. The mechanical characteristics of mineral wool slabs are subject to structure, density of material, percentage of binder in product, as well as production techniques. The deformability of mineral wools slabs is determined by mobility of fibrous structure, which is best observed under compression by short-term loads. The article considers the strength and deformability properties of mineral wool products under compression by short-term cyclic load. The results obtained while investigating the compression of mineral wool slabs can be applied for determination of fields and conditions for use of such products in constructions of buildings (floors, ceilings, roofs), as well as for substantiation of respective technical requirements in the normative documents for design of these constructions.
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Sun, Wu. "On Hair Follicle Development and Wool Production Traits in Sheep: A Review." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1687.
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Hair follicle and skin development is a complex biological process involving many regulatory molecules. Wool trait is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and affected by environment. In this paper, the histomorphology of hair follicle development in sheep and the molecular mechanism of hair follicle and wool traits formation were reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding and selection of sheep wool traits. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Khаmraeva, Sanovar, Dilfuza Giyasova, and Dilfuza Kazakova. "Processing of local wool fiber and technology of obtaining threads of mixed composition." Modern Innovations, Systems and Technologies 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/2782-2818-2022-2-1-83-93.
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This article demonstrates the use of natural products, such as cotton stalk powder and laundry soap, in the processing of sheep's wool grown in Uzbekistan, which soften the sheep's wool and facilitate its blending with other fibers. At the same time, detailed information is provided that the local sheep wool fiber belongs to the group of coarse wool fibers, from which it is not suitable for the production of textile threads of medium linear density. There are scientifically substantiated results on the smoothness and breaking load of composite yarns in the spinning process, the tendency to elongation violates the requirements for composite yarns, the production of clothing fabrics. It is noted that the widespread use of research results in production allows expanding the range, increasing the production of competitive products and increasing export potential.
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Rathie, KA, ML Tierney, and JC Mulder. "Assessing Wiltshire Horn-Merino crosses. 1. Wool shedding, blowfly strike and wool production traits." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 6 (1994): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940717.
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Wiltshire Horn-Merino (WH-M) crosses of 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4 Merino content were compared over 10 years for wool shedding, blowfly strike frequency and wool production traits. Merinos and 1/2 Merino WH-M were compared over 4 years. For wool production traits, 1/2 and 5/8 Merino WH-M ewes were compared to Border Leicester-Merino (BL-M) ewes over 2 years. Shedding increased with age for all WH-M genotypes, with 3/4 Merinos showing less shedding than 1/2 Merinos at all ages. At 1 and 2 years of age, 5/8 Merinos were intermediate between the other 2 WH-M genotypes, but at later ages they were similar to 1/2 Merinos. All genotypes showed less shedding at the belly site than the head, neck and breech as lambs, but not at older ages. Phenotypic correlations between sites on the same sheep were high, averaging 0.85. Repeatability estimates for each site ranged from 0.26 to 0.45. Shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Little or no shoulder and back wool was shed by most sheep. All 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos and most 3/4 Merinos had bare legs and points. Blowfly strike incidence was far higher in Merinos than 1/2 Merinos, in all years. Among WH-M, blowfly strike incidence increased as Merino content increased, in all years. All WH-M were far inferior to both Merinos and BL-M in total greasy wool weight and all its components, and also in clean fleece weight, with their level of inferiority increasing as their Merino content declined. Wool fibre diameter for all WH-M was coarser than for Merinos, but was a little finer than for BL-M. Fibre diameter increased in the WH-M as their Merino content declined. All WH-M had lower wool yields than the Merinos or BL-M. In some years the 314 Merinos had lower wool yields than the 1/2 and 5/8 Merinos, which were similar in all years. Shedding caused numerous genotype x age interactions in wool weight and its components, as Merinos and BL-M did not shed, and with the WH-M shedding increased most with age in the 1/2 Merinos, and least in the 3/4 Merinos. Due to preferential shedding from the belly and other low-value areas, the WH-M inferiority in total wool weight was less severe for fleece weight. Winter shearing succeeded in harvesting some wool from WH-M that would be shed before a summer shearing, but not enough to alter rankings among genotypes. All WH-M genotypes have wool too coarse, and not enough of it, to compete as a wool sheep with the Merino at current wool prices under usual Australian pastoral conditions. In areas where mustering is difficult or blowfly strike unusually severe, WH-M genotypes may find a niche.
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Osikowski, M., B. Borys, and M. A. Osikowski. "Performance of crossbreds of Polish Merino dams with F1 rams: Finnsheep x Polish Merino. B. Wool production of ewes." Agricultural and Food Science 60, no. 6 (October 1, 1988): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72307.
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The investigations were carried out on wool of 180 non-selected ewes with 25 % Finnsheep (F) genotype (F x PM x PM) and 51 purebred Polish Merino (PM) ewes as controls. The shearing took place at 23 months of age, after a year’s growth of fleece. Greasy and clean wool production, length and diameter of fibres as well as wool character evaluated by subjective appraisal were recorded. Crossbred ewes had a slightly lower greasy wool production (F x PM x PM—4.0 kg, PM—4.3 kg), but a much higher rendement (60.2 and 51.2 % resp.) and a little higher clean wool yield 2.38 versus 2.20 kg. Wool of the crossbreds was longer (11.4 vs 10.5cm) and coarser (24.8 vs 23.9 pm), but had a poorer character 14.9 vs 16.0 points.
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Liu, S. M., and D. G. Masters. "Quantitative analysis of methionine and cysteine requirements for wool production of sheep." Animal Science 71, no. 1 (April 2000): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055004.
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AbstractThe conventional system of estimating metabolizable protein requirement is unsuitable for defining amino acid requirements because nitrogen loss cannot be converted to amino acid loss, and because there is a lack of data on the utilization efficiencies of individual amino acids for various productive purposes. Therefore, we are proposing an alternative approach. In this review, we use methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) for wool production in sheep as examples, and define requirement as retention in both body and wool protein, plus the amount of obligatory oxidation that accompanies the retention. The requirements are expressed in terms of the net absorption. Mathematical models for the calculation of the requirements of both amino acids are established based on the level of absorption, endogenous contribution from body protein breakdown, oxidation rates and the amino acid composition of body and wool proteins. The flows and oxidation of Met and Cys, and Cys synthesis de novo as well are quantified using their plasma kinetics data. Wool growth rate is predicted from the amount of the amino acid available for protein retention and the partition ratio to wool growth. The estimated requirements for Met and Cys absorption for Merino sheep at maintenance are 0·45 to 0·75 g/day and 0·52 to 0·63 g/day depending on the live weight of the sheep. When wool growth rate increases to 10 g/day, the requirements increase to 0·91 to 1·24 g/day and 1·97 to 2·02 g/day respectively. The utilization efficiency for protein retention varies with the level of absorption, and is 0·02 to 0·55 for Met, and 0·09 to 0·55 for Cys. The model shows that wool growth rate is restricted by the lack of Cys supplied in conventional diets and is very sensitive to changes in oxidation of the amino acids.
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Shi, Ruijun, Shuwei Li, Penggang Liu, Shuhui Zhang, Zhenhui Wu, Tinghui Wu, Shujuan Gong, and Yu Wan. "Identification of key genes and signaling pathways related to Hetian sheep wool density by RNA-seq technology." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e0265989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265989.
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Hetian sheep is a breed of sheep unique to the Hetian area of Xinjiang whose wool is used for producing blankets. Individual differences and hair follicle density are the key factors affecting wool production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Hetian sheep having different wool densities to statistically analyze the wool traits and hair follicle parameters. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the skins with different wool densities. The results showed that wool quantity and total hair follicle density of the high wool density sheep was significantly higher than low wool density sheep. The sheepskin with high wool density was found to grow more and finer wool than sheepskin with low wool density. A total of 1,452 differentially expressed genes were screened from the two sets of samples, including 754 upregulated and 698 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the TGF-β/BMP and MAPK signaling pathways related to hair growth. Eleven differentially expressed genes belonging to the KAPs and KIFs might affect the fineness of the wool. The key genes, like the TNF, MAP2K2, INHBA, FST, PTPN11, MAP3K7, KIT, and BMPR1A, were found to probably affect the growth and density of the wool. The qPCR verified eight genes related to the MAPK pathway whose gene expression trends were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study furnishes valuable resources for enhancing the quality and production of wool in the Hetian sheep.
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Qi, Guo Chao, Feng Jun Shan, and Qu Kai Zhang. "Research and Development of Mineral Wool Production with High Temperature Industrial Residual Materials." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.301.
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Mineral wool is a type of important material for basic infrastructure development and national economy. It is widely used as insulation material in construction industries. Some high temperature industrial solid waste materials, such as blast furnace slag, cyclone slag and some metal slag, after composition adjusting and reheating, can be directly used to produce mineral wool. The recycle of residual heat in the hot solid wastes can decrease the cost of mineral wool and is beneficial for energy conservation, environmental protection and social sustainable development. The development and technical characteristics of mineral wool production with blast furnace slag, cyclone slag and some non-ferrous metal slag have been analyzed in this paper, and the energy conservation technique in managing high temperature solid waste has been also discussed.
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SHISHLINA, N., O. ORFINSKAYA, D. KISELEVA, P. HOMMEL, N. KUZNETSOVA, N. PETROVA, and E. SHAGALOV. "BRONZE AGE WOOL FABRICS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: RESULTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL, ISOTOPIC AND RADIOCARBON ANALYSES." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Science 23 (2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-70-81.
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The paper presents the results of technological, isotopic and radiocarbon analyses of wool fabric samples from the Bronze Age burials of South Siberia. It is suggested that the appearance of wool fibers in this region was connected to the Late Andronovo population of the middle — early second half of the II mil. BC. The location of the textile production centers remains an open question, because the isotopic composition of the studied samples (nitrogen, carbon, variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios) shows that wools textiles from the Uzhur, Uibat and Ust-Erba cemeteries could not have been produced locally.
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Davies, SC, CL White, IH Williams, JG Allen, and KP Croker. "Sublethal exposure to corynetoxins affects production of grazing sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 6 (1996): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960649.
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This paper reports the production losses resulting from treating sheep with sublethal doses of corynetoxins, the causal agent of annual ryegrass toxicity. Merino ewes were given 3 levels of corynetoxins twice weekly for 11 weeks from 26 days before the start of joining to day 51 of pregnancy, giving a cumulative dose of 0 , 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg liveweight. The effect on ovulation, pregnancy, lamb birth weight, lamb survival and weaning weight were measured along with the liveweight and wool growth of the ewes. Corynetoxin treatment depressed (P<0.005) the activity of uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine: dolichol-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase and liver damage was detected in ewes on the high toxin treatment (P<0.05). Ewe liveweight was unaffected by treatment but wool growth and wool fibre diameter were reduced by 10 and 7%, respectively (P<0.05). Corynetoxin treatment appeared to increase ovulation (P<0.05) and, as there was no effect on conception and embryo survival, this resulted in a 30-35% increase in the number of lambs weaned. Lamb birth weight and survival were not affected by treatment but weaning weight of the low toxin group was depressed (P<0.05). While reproduction was not adversely affected, the sheep in this trial were exposed to extremely low levels of corynetoxins which did not accumulate to levels capable of causing detectable liver damage until 23 days after joining. Even at these levels of intake, well below those required to show clinical signs (3-5 mg/kg liveweight), wool growth was reduced, suggesting that sheep grazed on mildly toxic pasture experience wool production losses in the absence of signs of the clinical disease.
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Barnes, A. L., K. P. Croker, J. G. Allen, and N. D. Costa. "Lupinosis and reproduction reduce the wool growth of Merino ewes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97004.
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Summary. Lupinosis was induced in Merino ewes by subcutaneous injections of phomopsins. Liver damage and impairment of liver function was measured by increases in plasma activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transferase, plasma concentrations of bilirubin, and plasma clearance of bromosulfthalein. The wool growth of the ewes during and after exposure to phomopsins at different periods relative to mating was measured, and the impact of lupinosis on annual wool production assessed. Phomopsin administration decreased the length of staple grown during, and for at least 6 weeks after, exposure to phomopsins. Mean fibre diameter of wool grown during this time was also reduced. Annual wool production of the ewes was affected by exposure to phomopsins, with effects noted on fleece weight, yield, fibre diameter, strength and position of break. These effects were minor and varied between experiments. The adverse effects of reproduction on annual wool production were more significant than those of phomopsins.
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Butler, LG, BJ Horton, PM Williams, and RG Banks. "Wool production and heterosis by the Merino, the Polwarth, and their reciprocal crosses." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930397.
Full textAbstract:
Tasmanian Merinos and Polwarths were mated in each of 2 years to produce 2 drops of Merino, Polwarth, and F1 reciprocal cross progeny. Polwarths had weaning weights similar to Merinos but were 14% heavier as hoggets. Polwarths grew a similar amount of wool of 11% greater (P<0.001) fibre diameter; however, wool production was 9% less efficient based on metabolic weight. Polwarths displayed an advantage in resistance to footrot. There was a marked Polwarth maternal effect of about 16% on weaning weight but no elfect on hogget weight. The Polwarth maternal effect on fleece weight and efficiency was 9% (P<0.001). In a comparison with a single-born male, ewes weighed 5% less at weaning and 7% less at hogget shearing and produced about 6% less wool (P<0.001), although of comparable fibre diameter. Twins weighed 17% less at weaning, but only 3% less at hogget shearing (P<0.001). They grew about 5% less wool, which was of 2% greater fibre diameter (P<0.001) and 5% higher wool score, but efficiency was 2.5% lower. Production was generally lower (except for yield and wool score) in the 1988 drop than the 1987 drop by 3-10%. Differences in productivity between ram sources were of only slightly lesser magnitude than differences between breeds. The number of feet affected by footrot was reduced by 17% in the 1988 drop. Severe footrot affecting more than 1 foot reduced liveweight but did not significantly reduce fleece weight. There appeared to be some heterosis for weaning weight (10%) and hogget weight (6%), but little heterosis in wool growth (2-3%) or efficiency (-2%).
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Cottle, DJ. "Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 3. Cottonseed meal and hydroxymethyl-methionine." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880699.
Full textAbstract:
In experiment 1 six groups, each of 10 superfine Merino wethers were individually penned indoors and hand-fed chopped lucerne hay with either control pellets, cottonseed meal pellets (CSM) or cottonseed meal plus hydroxymethyl-methionine pellets (CSMEP). Following their shearing, the 6 groups in experiment 2 were hand-fed 1 of 3 chopped lucerne hay:oat rations [75: 25,50: 50,25: 75% (w/w)]. Each sheep was also fed either control pellets (25 g/day) or CSMEP pellets (75 g/day) in a cross-over design experiment. In both experiments, the rations were fed at maintenance level and were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep had no rumen ciliate protozoa. In experiments 1 and 2, wool production was measured during a 4 and 6 month period respectively. In experiment 1, defaunation resulted in a 6% increase in clean wool production on the unsupplemented chopped lucerne hay ration. Inclusion of CSM and CSMEP pellets resulted in clean wool growth responses of 16% and 19% respectively. Unacceptable increases in fibre diameter were associated with the increased wool production. In experiment 2, the clean wool response to defaunation was highest (12%) on the 75% chopped lucerne hay ration, when the control pellet was fed. Inclusion of the CSMEP pellet resulted in clean wool growth responses of 0.73, 0.98 and 0.99 g/day in sheep fed on the 75,50 and 25% chopped lucerne hay rations respectively. The wool production responses due to the CSMEP pellet were associated with increases in fibre diameter (0.3 �m), length (4 mm/year) and length/diameter ratio (0.4 �m/day.�m) of the wool grown. It was concluded that CSMEP pellets are best fed with a mixed ration containing more grain than chopped lucerne hay. The wool growth response to feeding hydroxymethyl-methionine was considered uneconomic.