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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Word and syllable structure'
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1
Jared, Debra J. (Debra Jean). "The processing of multisyllabic words : effects of phonological regularity, syllabic structure and frequency." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63367.
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Schaedler, Annette. "Untersuchungen zum Sprachentwicklungsverlauf von Kindern mit Lippen-, Kiefer-, Gaumenspalten im Alter von 0-1;6 Jahren." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969669720.
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Paradis, Johanne Catherine. "The syllable structure of Japanese." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28262.
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The question of how to represent prosodic structure is of current theoretical interest in three dimensional phonology. Two current theories/models of representation are the onset/rime model (Kaye and Lowenstamm 1982, Kaye Lowenstamm and Vergnaud 1987 and Levin 1985) and the mora model (Hyman 1985, McCarthy and Prince 1986 and Hayes 1988). This thesis consists of a detailed investigation of the descriptive adequacy of these two theories for the Japanese language. Japanese can be considered an archetypal mora language since in the indigenous linguistic tradition it is analysed into moras.
The version of each model which I am adopting is explicitly stated in a set of universal syllabification rules. This syllabification algorithm is compatible with the following assumptions:
(1) a. No predictable prosodic structure is present in the underlying representation. The distribution of glides in most cases is predictable.
b. Prosodic structure is built by rule and is erected around a syllabic peak which is determined by the relative sonority of segments and not by a feature [syllabic].
Furthermore, the version of the onset/rime model I propose is a paramaterized model where the unmarked setting does not include a nucleus constituent. This onset/rime model is designed to account for weight distinctions as well as the mora theory. Sample structures from both theories are given below.
(2) [Diagram Omitted]
A syllabification algorithm for Japanese is adapted from the general algorithm and fitted into a model of the lexical phonology of Japanese. It is shown that Japanese prosodic structure can be generated by rule, in either model, with no underlying distinctions between glides and high vowels, and with no feature [syllabic].
Therefore, it is concluded that both the onset/rime model and the mora model are adequate for describing the Japanese language. This conclusion crucially depends on the parameterization within the onset/rime model. Because Japanese is not the only language which employs the weight distinctions a Type I model represents, the parameterization is necessary for the onset/rime model to remain equal in descriptive power with the mora model.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Linguistics, Department of<br>Graduate
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LeSourd, Philip S. "Accent and syllable structure in Passamaquoddy /." New York ; London : Garland, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374027980.
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LeSourd, Philip S. "Accent and syllable structure in Passamaquoddy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14451.
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Hwaidi, Tamader. "Syllable structure and syllabification in Al'ain Libyan Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3271.
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The variety of Arabic under investigation is one of the dialects spoken in a town on the Western Mountain (Nafuusa Mountain) in Libya. Its phonological characteristics are clearly different from what Harrama (1993) called the “Al-Jabal dialect,” which the inhabitants of the Western Mountain claim to speak. The current study is concerned with a variety spoken in the town of Riyayna (Or Alriyayna); mainly, Al’ain (henceforth identified as ALA). The objective of this thesis is to contribute a description of the phonology of a previously unexamined dialect, under a moraic approach. This approach has been adopted as the prominent role of the mora that has been established in literature by accounting for various phonological phenomena, such as vowel epenthesis (Itô, 1989) and compensatory lengthening (Hayes, 1989) (see Watson 2002). Thus, it is claimed for example, that the loss of the glottal stop in ALA is repaired by compensatory lengthening in words, such as: /biːr/ ~ /bɪʔr/, /raːs/ ~ /rʌʔs/, /juːmɪn/ ~ /joʔmɪn/ to satisfy the minimal moraicity requirement, or by gemination: /mɪjjah ~ mɪʔah/, /rɪjjah/ ~ /rɪʔah/ to satisfy the restriction of vowel-initial syllables, utterance-internally. Although, the main aim of the thesis is to examine the syllable inventories and syllabification process in ALA, focus is placed on initial consonant clusters that are claimed to exist in a cluster-resistant dialect, where it is argued that such clusters strictly occur in certain environments. Emphatics and emphatic allophones are also phonologically investigated claiming that, in addition to the four emphatic consonants, emphatic vowels (/ʌ/ and /ɑː/ in ALA) also exist in the dialect and similarly cause emphasis spread. Vowel-initial syllables is another issue whose existence in ALA is asserted in this study demonstrating that although they might surface with a glottal-stop-like gesture, they should still be treated as underlying onsetless syllables because their behaviour is different from syllables that underlyingly begin with a glottal stop. Finally, stress assignment procedures in ALA are interesting in following many North African dialects by ignoring, in many cases, syllable weight and having a tendency to stress final syllables. This is also expressed in the study.
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ALGHMAIZ, BANDAR ABDULAZIZ. "WORD-INITIAL CONSONANT CLUSTER PATTERNS IN THE ARABIC NAJDI DIALECT." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1078.
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Unlike in Classical Arabic, this study hypothesized that word-initial consonant clusters exist in Najdi Arabic as a result of first vowel deletion. The goal of this study was to investigate the word-initial consonant cluster patterns of Najdi Arabic and measure the sonority scale of this particular position. Ten native Najdi Arabic speakers were asked to pronounce 24 words and 24 sentences that contained all the possible consonant cluster patterns that could occur in Najdi Arabic. The output of the subjects revealed that Najdi Arabic does have initial consonant clusters in certain environments and that the minimum sonority distance was one step between the first and second onsets. The study found that the sonority distance between the first and second onsets plays a role in forming initial consonant clusters in Najdi. Additionally, the existence of less-marked consonant clusters was found to be more frequent than the more marked ones. Finally, the study proposed examining the pattern of the deleted vowel in future studies to determine whether it plays a role in the results.
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Avram, Andrei A. "On the syllable structure of English pidgins and creoles." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423559.
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Parrondo, Rodriguez Ana E. "The L2 acquisition of syllable structure and stress in Spanish." Thesis, Online version, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.287536.
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Hartley, Tom. "The role of syllable structure in verbal short-term memory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317531/.
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Remembering the sound of a new word when it is first encountered is an important skill which plays a critical role in the development of vocabulary (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989), yet the mechanisms underlying this form of verbal short-term memory are not well understood. Errors in the repetition and serial recall of nonwords indicate that structural properties of the syllable are represented in short-term memory, but existing accounts of serial learning and recall do not incorporate any representation of linguistic structure. Models of speech production implicate syllable structure in the representation of phonological form, but do not explain how such representations are acquired. This thesis draws together theories of speech production and serial memory to develop a computational model of nonword repetition based on the novel idea that short-term memory for the serial order of a sequence of speech sounds is constrained by a syllabic template. The results of simulations using the model are presented and compared with experimental findings concerning short-term memory for nonwords. The interaction of short- and long-term phonological memory systems and the aquisition of vocabulary are discussed in terms of the model. The model is evaluated in comparison with other contemporary theories.
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Cross, Naomi. "Bilinguals' and second language learners' knowledge of Japanese syllable structure." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3835/.
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The acquisition of second language phonology has been commanding researchers' attention in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this area with a study on Japanese as a second language. The thesis explores both the development of phonological competence by post-puberty second language learners and the end state of pre-puberty bilingual acquisition. Reviewing the literature on the theoretical aspects of mora, syllables and syllable structure, we see that the mora is distinctive and plays vital role in Japanese phonology. We next look at the acquisition theories proposed in recent years, and adopt a Universal Grammar-based approach. Comparing first, bilingual and second language acquisition, three research hypotheses are presented: 1) the Mora Assignment Hypothesis, 2) L2 phonological Acquisition and Age Onset Hypothesis, and the 3) Quality and Quantity of Input Hypothesis. To test these hypotheses, a study was designed involving 24 bilingual children and adults, and 94 adult L2 learners of Japanese at varying levels of proficiency. The results provide evidence to support all three research hypotheses. First the data show that the both English-dominant bilinguals and second language learners at all levels deleted morae and all but the beginning second language learners added morae in oral and written production tasks, indicating non-native competence with respect to morae. In addition, learners attempt to preserve the overall mora count. Since English is not a mora sensitive language, the mora conservation exhibited here is from their Japanese. The learners, including English-dominant bilinguals, first become sensitive to the mora and only at a later stage assign segments to the correct mora slot. The difference in performance between English-dominant bilinguals and Japanese-dominant bilinguals was such that by the age of eight, those who had spent more years in Japan demonstrated native phonological competence, whereas the English-dominant bilinguals' performance pointed to non-native competence. With respect to the second and third hypotheses, results from the bilinguals indicate that in addition to age of onset, the amount of exposure to a second language must be taken into account as a factor influencing ultimate attainment. The study also reveals strong influence of literacy in both oral and written production of Japanese.
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Ramoo, Dinesh Kumar. "Syllable structure in the mental lexicon : neuropsychological and computational evidence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4846/.
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This thesis investigated the fundamental representations within the mental-lexicon and whether such representations are fixed or differ according to the characteristics of various languages. It looked at whether syllable structure is represented at distinct levels of linguistic representation at phonological and phonetic levels, with phonology governed by the demands of a combinatorial system (the need to create many distinct words from a small number of symbols) and phonetics governed by articulatory complexity (the need to keep motor programming as simple as possible). Empirical evidence as well as computational work was used to investigate whether syllable structure may be present as an abstract unit within the lexicon and not just computed online at the phonetic level. Three languages were explored in this work: English, Hindi and Italian. This project found evidence from English and Hindi patients with acquired language disorders to support the data previously collected from Italian patients. The empirical data was supported by computational work that considered the rates of resyllabification and storage costs based on the assumptions of different speech production models. Both the empirical and computational data support the hypothesis that syllable structure may be stored within the mental lexicon.
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Coutsougera, Photini. "The semivowel and its reflexes in Cypriot Greek." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252267.
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Chan, Ching Lin. "Understanding error types of Chinese bi-syllable word recognition made by Hong Kong dyslexic student." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/850.
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Baker, Brett Joseph. "Word Structure in Ngalakgan." University of Sydney, Linguistics, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/408.
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Ngalakgan is an Australian language of the Gunwinyguan family, spoken fluently by just a few people in the mid Roper River area of the Top End. The thesis is a description and examination of the phonology, prosody, and morphology of Ngalakgan, based on several years of fieldwork. Ngalakgan is a language with a rich inventory of classically Gunwinyguan morphological features, including noun class agreement for all major and some minor word classes, compounding of both nouns and verbs, and a rich array of modifying and inflectional prefixes and suffixes. In Ngalakgan, there is a distinction between two kinds or 'levels' of morphology: 'root'-level and 'word'-level. Root-level morphology is lexicalised and unproductive. It is restricted to the tense/aspect/mood inflection of the small closed class of 'finite' verb roots, and to the large closed class of compounds of these roots. Word-level morphology is productive, and includes almost all prefixes, all (non-tensed) suffixes and all clitics. Only word-level structure is consistently reflected in prosodic structure; forms which are complex only at the root-level are treated as prosodic units. I show that all word-level morphemes constitute prosodic domains: every word-level stem, affix and clitic potentially begins a new domain for metrical foot structure. Geminates and glottal stops are over-represented at morpheme boundaries in complex words. In addition, they are subject to complex, non-local alternations with simple stops and zero, respectively, in Ngalakgan and related languages. The alternations are conditioned by preceding geminates and voiceless obstruent clusters, as well as by prosodic and morphological structure. I propose that voiceless obstruent clusters constitute 'boundary signals' to morphological structure, in a similar fashion to stress and, like stress, are 'licensed' by the organisation of intonation. Ngalakgan displays a quantitive-sensitive stress system in roots which is apparently unique to languages of this area. Heavy syllables in Ngalakgan are those which are articulatorily and perceptually complex: those in which the coda is followed by a consonant with a distinct place of articulation. Geminates, homorganic nasal+stop clusters and glottal stops interact with this distinction in ways which are not predicted by current prosodic theories.
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Galea, Luke [Verfasser], and Martine [Gutachter] Grice. "Syllable structure and gemination in Maltese / Luke Galea ; Gutachter: Martine Grice." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111533056X/34.
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De, Freitas Leslie J. "Effects of the obligatory contour principle on syllable structure and syllabification." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65550.
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Au, Yuk-Nui Aouda. "Markedness theories and syllable structure difficulties experienced by Cantonese learners of English." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246442.
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Boron, Anna M. "The influence of age of learning on syllable structure in the L2 speaker." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/MQ52287.pdf.
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Madigoe, Mashikane William. "Syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho : a linear and non-linear phonological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53608.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study intends to describe and explain syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho.
It deals with phonological processes such as vowel deletion, semivocalization and
semivowel insertion. The major aim of these processes is to restore the preferred ICVI
syllable structure which has been violated by morphological processes such as passive,
diminutive, the construction of absolute pronouns, etc.
Two phonological models are applied with the intention to determine the one that presents
the most credible explanation for the phenomenon at hand. The two models employed
are, respectively, the Transformational (TG) and Feature Geometry (FG) models. It
appears that Feature Geometry model yields better results in the description of syllable
structure processes in Northern Sotho.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en verklaar sillabestruktuur prosesse in Noord-Sotho. Die
tersaaklike fonologiese prosesse is vokaaldelesie, semivokalisasie en
semivokaalinvoeging. Die doel van hierdie prosesse is om "n bepaalde
voorkeursillabestruktuur IKVI te herstel wat versteur word deur morfologiese prosesse met
die vorming van die passief, diminutief, die konstruksie van absolute voornaamwoorde
ensovoorts.
Twee fonologiese modelle word geïmplementeer ten einde te bepaal welke model die
mees geloofwaardige verklarings vir die betrokke verskynsels kan bied. Die
Transformasioneel-Generatiewe (TG) en Kenmerk Geometriese(KG) modelle word
respektiewelik toegepas. Dit skyn asof die Kenmerk Geometriese model beter resultate
lewer in die beskrywing van sillabestruktuurprosesse in Noord-Sotho.
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Alqahtani, Mufleh Salem M. "Syllable structure and related processes in optimality theory : an examination of Najdi Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2757.
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This study is an investigation of syllable structure and related processes in one variety of Saudi Arabic. This is the variety spoken by inhabitants of Riyadh and villages near this city in Najd province, henceforth referred to as Najdi Arabic (NA). Although this dialect has been analysed by scholars including Johnstone (1963, 1967), Lehn (1967), Ingham (1971, 1982, 1994), Abboud (1979), Al-Sweel (1987, 1990), Prochazka (1988), Kurpershoek (1999), Alezets (2007), Alessa (2008), and Alghmaiz (2013), syllable structure and related processes in this dialect have not been accounted for within Optimality Theory (OT). Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to show how OT, as an analytical framework, is utilized to produce a better understanding syllable structure and related processes such as CV metathesis, epenthesis, vowel shortening, and syncope in NA. Accordingly, the fundamental aims of this thesis are to examine phonological processes that have an impact on the syllable structure in this dialect and to show the insights about NA syllable structures and related processes that can be gained through OT analyses. The research draws on previous work on NA as well as other Arabic varieties more generally. Thus, the theoretical literature on syllables, syllable structures and syllable typologies are taken into consideration in the analysis of NA data. The data for this study are drawn from articles, essays, theses, and journals. These sets of data underwent my own judgment as an NA native speaker. In addition, 15 native speakers of NA were interviewed and consulted on the NA set of data in this thesis. There are four findings in this study. The first deals with the comprehensive analysis of syllable structure in NA, focusing on the types of onsets and codas as well as the weight of syllables in this dialect. The second extends to the comprehensive analysis that deals with the main phonological processes in NA, focusing on CV-metathesis, epenthesis, vowel shortening, and syncope. The third sheds light on the unified set of OT constraints that has been established to explain NA syllable structure and related processes within OT. Finally, the capability of OT to account for cross-linguistic variation is demonstrated by showing how language-specific constraint rankings based on one set of constraints accounts for CV metathesis, vowel epenthesis, and syncope in Najdi and Urban Hijazi Arabic (UHA).
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Flynn, Michael J. "Structure building operations and word order." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12285682.html.
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Alrashed, Abdulmajeed S. "Descriptive Analysis of Qassimi Arabic| Phonemic Vowels, Syllable Structure and Epenthetic Vowels, and Affrication." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752080.
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<p> The present study seeks to provide a descriptive analysis of three phonological topics in Qassimi Arabic (QA)—a local variety of Najdi Arabic spoken mainly in Qassim, Saudi Arabia—based on data collected from a total of twenty-two native QA speakers. The topics are phonemic vowels, syllable structure and epenthetic vowels, and affrication. The participant recruitment was the same for all the three topics, but each topic was investigated using its own materials and methods. </p><p> Regarding the phonemic vowels in QA, the study based the results on 157 words collected from three native Qassimi speakers. Previous studies have claimed that QA has eight phonemic vowels—three short and five long. However, the findings argue that QA has nine phonemic vowels—four short vowels and five long ones. The four-short vowel system is an empirical claim since previous studies indicated that /<i><b>a</b></i>/ is a conditioned allophone, which is challenged in the present study by providing clear minimal pairs, such as /daf/ ‘warm up’ and /d<i><b>a</b></i>f/ ‘he pushed’. It also indicates that short vowels have narrow vowel space compared to their long counterparts. </p><p> As for the syllable structure and epenthetic vowels, the study based its results on the analysis of 419 words targeting the syllable structure, and 72 words targeting epenthetic vowels. The results reveal that QA has 12 syllable structures, which are CV, CVV, CCV, CCVV, CVC, CVVC, CCVC, CCVVC, CVCC, VC, and VCC. The latter two structures are empirical findings to the study since the previous body of research claim that QA has the first ten structures. Regarding the location epenthetic vowels, the results suggest that they can occur, in a sequence of multiple consonants, after the first consonant, after the second consonant, and after the third consonant. These different locations are conditioned by the surrounding environment and/or the syllable structure. In addition, the quality of epenthetic vowels seems to be inconsistent, in coda group, since the participants inserted either [i], [a], [ϵ], or [i], while it is consistent in across-stem group. </p><p> In discussing the affrication, the present study investigates the environment that triggers the affrication process in the Qassimi Arabic (QA), and explores whether the syllabic structure or position in the word play a role in the process. It also investigates the phonological domain of the affrication, and the activeness of the affrication process. Based on the 282 words that have the sounds /ts, dz, k, g/, the study has identified important counter evidence to the claim that the affrication process is triggered by front vowels. This study shows that the alveolar affricates /ts/ and /dz/ occur in the environment of almost all vowels since it is occurred before/after [i, e, a, “special character omitted”, o] as well as providing multiple contrastive environments including several minimal pairs, (e.g. [j<p style="font-variant: small-caps">I</p>mk<p style="font-variant: small-caps"> I</p>n] ‘maybe’ [j<p style="font-variant: small-caps">I</p>mts<p style="font-variant: small-caps">I</p>n] ‘overtake’). It also provides counter evidence for the claim that geminate consonants block the affrication. This study also demonstrates that the syllabic structure is irrelevant to the affrication process since it occurs in onset and coda position in monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. Finally, the study reveals that the affrication process cannot be triggered by affixation, even if the claimed environment is met, which might indicate that to domain of the affrication is the stem in which all the affricated words are monomorphemic words. </p><p> In sum, the present study suggests that Najdi varieties should be studied individually since they tend to have specific features that might not be shared with other varieties. That is, just because a feature may be found to exist in one type of Najdi Arabic, it cannot be assumed that feature is also attested in all other closely related varieties.</p><p>
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Hopkins, Paul Stanley. "The phonological structure of the Kashubian word." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58570.pdf.
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Haugan, Jens. "Old Norse Word Order and Information Structure." Doctoral thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of science and technology, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38802334g.
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Chen, Shuming. "An optimality-theoretical analysis of syllable structure, stress, tone and reduplication in Taiwan Beijing Mandarin." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285795.
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Keffala, Bethany J. "Learning to share| Interaction in Spanish-English bilinguals? acquisition of syllable structure and positional phonotactics." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128285.
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<p> Though the majority of the world’s population is bilingual, most of the existing research on child language acquisition has focused on monolinguals. Increasingly, research has begun to investigate language acquisition in bilingual contexts, and has found evidence of both similarity to and difference from patterns found in monolingual language acquisition. One evident source of difference in bilingual language acquisition is interaction, where bilinguals’ acquisition of one language affects their acquisition of the other language. Interaction has been shown to occur at multiple levels of linguistic structure (syntactic, phonological, phonetic), and manifests in three different patterns: acceleration, deceleration, and transfer. Acceleration and deceleration refer to the rate at which bilinguals acquire some property relative to monolinguals in the same language. Acceleration occurs when bilinguals acquire some property faster or earlier compared to monolingual peers, whereas deceleration occurs when bilinguals acquire some property later or more slowly than monolingual peers. Transfer refers to bilinguals’ use of a property specific to one language in their other language. While the occurrence of each of these patterns has been demonstrated in bilinguals’ language acquisition, it is not well understood what causes interaction to occur where and how it does. In this dissertation, I propose that frequency of occurrence and linguistic complexity, both features of the input that are known to affect the course of monolingual acquisition, also direct the appearance of interaction in bilinguals’ acquisition of language. I present findings from a series of studies demonstrating that differences between languages in frequency of occurrence and complexity of phonological properties influence bilinguals’ acquisition of aspects of Spanish and English phonotactics in predictable ways. Specifically, greater frequency of occurrence and greater complexity of phonological properties in one language are shown to promote bilinguals’ acquisition of related phonological properties in their other language.</p>
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Alfaifi, Abdullah Hassan M. "AN OPTIMALITY-THEORETIC APPROACH TO SAUDI ENGLISH LEARNERS’ PRODUCTION OF WORD-INITIAL BICONSONANTAL CLUSTERS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1783.
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This study provides an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the syllabification of word-initial biconsonantal clusters in the productions of Faifi Arabic and Asiri Arabic speakers. This study aimed at investigating the role of sonority in the syllabification of onset clusters. Two groups, each made up of 15 participants, were employed in this study to produce English nonwords, which had onsets composed of biconsonantal clusters with different sonority levels. The results of the study showed that the two groups had two different ways of treating the clusters. The Faifi group epenthesized a vowel before the onset clusters, forcing the second consonant in the cluster to become the onset of the following syllable. The Asiri group epenthesized a vowel between the consonants of onset clusters when the sonority slope equaled 2. When the sonority slope equaled 3, the cluster was produced intact. All of these differences were shown to be the result of different rankings of several markedness and faithfulness constraints.
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Kim, John J. (John Jongwu). "Inflectional morphology and its interaction with word structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12487.
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Shimasaki, Katsumi. "Focus structure in Biblical Hebrew : a study of word order and information structure /." Bethesda (Md.) : CDL press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388339460.
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Fantazi, Guma Mohamed Guma. "Perception and production of syllable structure and stress by adult Libyan Arabic speaker acquiring English in the UK." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1329/.
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The field of second language (L2) phonology has recently addressed the related phonological acquisition question of to what extent exposure to native speaker L2 input following exposure to non-native accented L2 input, results in c~anges in the leamer's interlanguage phonology (Akita 2001). If such learners do show changes over time, what kind of changes are these in both perception and production? My study is a contribution to interlanguage studies on the acquisition of prosodic structure, and concentrates on the acquisition of English syllable structure and metrical stress by Arabic speaker. In this study the interlanguage phonology of 28 native Arabic speakers from Libya learning English in natural settings (The UK), was investigated. The average age of the participants was 32.5 years. All the subjects started learning English in school at an average age of 16.0 years. The primary source oflanguage input was the classroom, till an average age of25.0 years. The method of collecting data involved three types of test. The first test covered syllable structure in onset and coda with epenthesised forms and included 185 words. The second test covered metrical stress, and included two sub-tests. Test 2A included 28 words, and test 2B included 84 sentences with grammatical and ungrammatical forms of stress. The third test contained three sub-tests. Test 3A included 9 words, test 3B included four pictures, and test 3C included 28 sentences. Tests cover perception of syllable structure and metrical stress as well as production of syllable structure and metrical stress for each learner. In the perception test learners had to listen to a type and chose an answer from a paper in front of them whereas for production tests learners had to read words, sentences, and talk about pictures. Their production output was recorded and transcribed. Results show differences for the perception and production sub-tasks. There is also some parameter resetting and missetting at the level of metrical stress. These results mirror the findings of Archibald (1993) Pater (1997) and Mousa (1994).
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Steele, Jeffrey 1972. "Representation and phonological licensing in the L2 acquisition of prosodic structure." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38520.
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It is widely recognized that differences in both prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts exist both within and across languages. In contemporary phonological theory, these differences are often attributed to differences between heads and non-heads and the asymmetries in licensing potential that exist between such positions.<br>In this thesis, the consequences of such differences for the second language (L2) acquisition of prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts are explored. It is argued that an explanatorily adequate account of L2 syllabification must include highly-structured representations as well as a theory of licensing, which distinguishes between the licensing of a given position and the licensing of featural content in such a position. Using data drawn primarily from a number of studies that investigate the acquisition of French by native speakers of English and Mandarin, it is demonstrated that the widely-attested interlanguage (IL) syllable-structure-modification processes of deletion, epenthesis, and feature change have a common source. Specifically, all three processes result from the IL grammar's inability to license a syllable position or (some of) the featural content present in such a position in the target representation. Within Optimality theory, the framework adopted, this is formalized through the competition between Faithfulness constraints and Markedness constraints, which evaluate the wellformedness of the licensing relationships. Finally, it is argued that Prosodic Licensing and the principle of Licensing Inheritance from Harris (1997) work together to encode prosodic markedness in representation, as they create a series of head-dependent asymmetries in which heads are strong licensors vis-a-vis their dependents.
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Božić, Mirjana. "Morphological structure in visual word recognition : behavioural and neuroimaging evidence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614134.
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Nakagawa, Natsuko. "Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215634.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第19808号<br>人博第779号<br>新制||人||187(附属図書館)<br>27||人博||779(吉田南総合図書館)<br>32844<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻<br>(主査)教授 東郷 雄二, 教授 藤田 耕司, 教授 田窪 行則<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Sampath, Kumar Srinivas. "The Mora-constituent interface model." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/284.
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Phonological phenomena related to the syllable are often analysed either in terms of the constituents defined in the Onset-Rhyme Model; or in terms of moras after the Moraic Theory. Even as arguments supporting one of these theoretical models over the other continue to be unfurled, the Moraic Theory has gained significant currency in recent years. Situated in the foregoing theoretical climate, this dissertation argues that a full-fledged model of the syllable must incorporate the insights accruing from both constituents and moras. The result is the Mora-Constituency Interface model (MCI). Syllable-internal structure as envisioned in MCI manifests in a Constituency Dimension as well as a Moraic Dimension. The dimensions interface with each other through segment-melody complexes, whose melodic content is associated with the Constituency Dimension and whose segmental (i.e. X-slot) component belongs to the Moraic Dimension. The Constituency Dimension and the Moraic Dimension are both thus necessary even to represent the atomic distinction between segments and melodies in a typical syllable. In terms of its architecture, the Constituency Dimension in MCI is formally identical to the Onset-Rhyme Model and encompasses the Onset, the Nucleus and the Coda, with which melodies are associated. The Nucleus and Coda together constitute the Rhyme. In the Moraic Dimension, moras are assigned to segments on universal, language-specific or contextual grounds. From a functional perspective, the Moraic Dimension is where the metrical relevance of segment-melody complexes is encoded (as moras), while feature-based information pertaining to them is structured in the Constituency Dimension. The independent functional justification for both the dimensions in MCI predicts that segment-melody complexes, though typically split across the dimensions as segments and melodies, may also be associated entirely with the Constituency Dimension or with the Moraic Dimension of a syllable. The former possibility finds empirical expression in extrametrical consonants, and the latter in moraic ambisyllabic consonants. Analogously, a syllable itself may have either just the Constituency Dimension (e.g. extrametrical syllables) or just the Moraic Dimension (e.g. catalectic syllables). The prosodic object called the syllable is thus a composite formal entity tailored from the constituent-syllable (C-s) and the moraic-syllable (M-s).While MCI is thus essentially a model of syllable-internal structure, it also exerts some influence on prosodic structure beyond the syllable. For example, within MCI, feet can be directly constructed from moras, even in languages whose metrical systems are traditionally thought of as being insensitive to mora count. The upshot is that a fully moraic universal foot inventory is possible under MCI.That MCI has implications for the organisation of elements within (segment-melody complexes) and outside (feet) the syllable suggests that the model has the potential to be a general theory of prosodic structure. The model is also on solid cross-linguistic ground, as evidenced by the support it receives from different languages. Those languages include but are not restricted to Kwakwala, Chugach Yupik, Hixkaryana, Paumari, Leti, Pattani Malay, Cantonese, Tamil and English. Keywords: Syllables, constituents, moras, segments, melodies.
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Chen, Shih-wei. "Phonological processing unit transfer the impact of first language syllable structure and its implications for preferred subsyllabic division units /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3824.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Köster, Dirk. "Morphology and spoken word comprehension : electrophysiological investigations of internal compound structure /." Leipzig ; München : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013183589&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Camden, Keely. "An analysis of word structure knowledge in preservice teacher preparation programs." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5517.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 132 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-114).
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Amador, Tomas Gonzales Xocotl. "A Nahuatl method of compound word structure: Addition and multiplier junctures." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292006.
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This work intends to analyze Nahuatl mathematical structures and a minimal relationship to text, speech and literal ideographic writing. In section I there will be a historical background of language concepts in compound nouns and verbs. In section II questions will be listed concerning multiplier junctures, and section III the methods that will be used to obtain data and create a list of literal roots and stems of ideographic-image compound elements. Section IV will list the ideographic categories of the roots and stems of compound words. Section V through XII is the body of this work, compound number structures, singular and dual compound expressions with compound word trees, translation applications and cross reference matching. Mathematical structures and graphic representations of compound words will include literal morphological glosses. Translation applications will show the results of the juncture root or stem method of analysis. Multiplier structure with plurals will be addressed.
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Popescu, Anisia. "Temporal organization of liquid consonants in complex syllables : implications for a dynamic articulatory model of the syllable." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC068.
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Cette thèse est une étude du comportement spécifique des consonnes liquides en position coda à la fois du point de vue de la production et de la représentation phonologique. L’étude combine deux ensembles de résultats de la littérature dans le but d’expliquer pourquoi les liquides sont une classe de consonnes à part. D’un point de vue de la production, les consonnes liquides en position coda en anglais présentent des patrons d’organisation temporelle spécifiques à la position attaque. D’un point de vue de la représentation phonologique, il a été montré qu’en anglais, les intuitions des locuteurs natifs sur le nombre de syllabes de mots,traditionnellement monosyllabiques, comportant une voyelle longue suivie par une liquide,sont variables. Une description unifiée, de ces deux résultats, intégrant à la fois des données quantitatives et qualitatives est proposée. La proposition principale comporte deux aspects.Premièrement, je postule que les deux résultats, présentés séparément dans la littérature,doivent être considérés comme étant liés/pris ensemble. Le comportement atypique des consonnes liquides observés à la fois dans la production et la représentation peut être expliqué par la présence d’un double geste articulatoire (un geste vocalique et un geste consonantique)et en particulier par la coordination temporelle de ces deux gestes à l’intérieur de la rime.Deuxièmement, je postule que la composition gestuelle et la coordination temporelle des consonnes liquides prédisent le comportement des consonnes liquides à travers les langues.Ces hypothèses sont vérifiées et confirmée par des expériences de production et de jugements sur le nombre de syllabes dans plusieurs langues (anglais, roumain, russe et allemand). Basée sur les résultats expérimentaux, une modélisation pour les patrons de coordination observés en anglais est proposée. Les résultats montrent que c’est le geste vocalique est articulé avant le geste consonantique, ce qui détermine le comportement atypique observé pour les consonnes liquides en coda. L’articulation en premier du geste vocalique a deux conséquences importantes. Premièrement, cela donne lieu à une séquence de deux gestes vocaliques (le geste vocalique du noyau suivi par le geste vocalique de la liquide), créant un noyau complexe, qui entraine la création d’une structure de coordination compétitive à l’intérieur de la rime. Cette structure de coordination compétitive explique le comportement hors-norme des consonnes liquides en position coda. Deuxièmement, l’articulation en premier du geste vocalique rajoute des unités de poids syllabique à la structure métrique de mots monosyllabiques, ce qui explique la variabilité observée parmi les jugements du nombre de syllabes des locuteurs natifs<br>This dissertation investigates the behavior of coda liquid consonants from both a production and a representational standpoint. The goal is to combine two different sets of results from the literature in order to provide a clearer image on why liquids are a special class of consonants. From a production standpoint, coda liquids exhibit coordination patterns reserved for onsets. From a representation standpoint, native speakers attribute variable syllable count judgments to monosyllabic words involving a tense vowel/diphthong followed by a liquid. A unified account of liquids consonants integrating both quantitative and qualitative elements is provided.The main claim of this dissertation is two fold. First, we claim that the two results, presented separately in the literature must be considered and interpreted together. We propose that they are linked. The atypical patterns observed in the production and the representation of coda liquids stem from the presence of two gestures (one vocalic and one consonantal gesture) in the production of coda liquids, and more importantly from their relative timing with respect to other gestures in the syllable rime. Second we state that the gestural composition and the timing of liquid gestures predict liquid coda behavior cross-linguistically. These claims are tested and confirmed by cross-linguistic production and parallel production-syllable- countjudgment experiments. Furthermore, a gestural model, supported by simulations, is proposed for American English. Results show that the atypical timing pattern observed in syllables with liquid codas in American English is linked to the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture involved in the production of the coda liquids. This earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture in the liquid following the vowel nucleus has two important consequences. First, it brings the liquid closer to the vowel nucleus, creating a complex nucleus, and triggering a specific competitive coordinative structure in rimes. This competitive coordinative pattern can explain the atypical temporal patterns observed for coda liquids. Second, the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture relative to the consonantal gesture adds weight to the metrical structure of monosyllabic words with tense vowels/diphthong nuclei followed by a liquid coda, explaining the variability in native speakers’ syllable count judgments
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Tsiplakou, Stavroula. "Focus in Greek : its structure and interpretation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313433.
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Ruiz-Sánchez, Carmen. "The variable behavior of /r/ in syllable-final and word-final position in the Spanish variety of Alcala de Guadaira (Seville) the role of lexical frequency /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297076.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0593. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2008). Adviser: Manuel Diaz-Campos.
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Collins, Christopher. "Joseph Ratzinger's Theology of the Word: The Dialogical Structure of His Thought." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2564.
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Thesis advisor: Khaled Anatolios<br>Based upon his role as a peritus at Vatican II in the shaping of the Constitution on Divine Revelation, Dei Verbum, Ratzinger reflected back on the deliberations at the Council soon after its conclusion and indicated that the new development of understanding of Revelation was that Revelation is to be seen "basically as dialogue." In his Introduction to Christianity, he would indicate that because of the experience of Jesus Christ, the Church comes to see that God is not only logos, but dia-logos. Throughout his theological and pastoral career, Ratzinger, now Benedict XVI, consistently relies upon the framework of "dialogue" as the principle of coherence for how he attempts to articulate the one Christian mystery, whether he is speaking of Revelation, Christology, ecclesiology, eschatology or any other area of Christian theology. I attempt in this dissertation, to trace that principle of coherence in his thought and thereby give a hermeneutic for approaching one of the most influential theologians of our time<br>Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2012<br>Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry<br>Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Gupton, Timothy Michael. "The syntax-information structure interface: subjects and clausal word order in Galician." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/510.
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Previous accounts of preverbal subjects in Spanish and European Portuguese (EP) in the literature have debated the syntactic position of these elements. According to some analyses, preverbal subjects are canonical arguments appearing in an A-position (e.g. Goodall 2001, 2002; Suñer 2003 for Spanish; Duarte 1997; Costa 2004 for EP). Other analyses propose that preverbal subjects are non-arguments appearing in a left-peripheral - perhaps CLLD - A'-position (e.g. Uribe-Etxebarria 1990, 1995; Ordóñez & Treviño 1999 for Spanish; Barbosa 1996, 2000 for EP). Although Galician is an ideal language for insight on this debate due to linguistic ties with EP and political ties with Spain, Gupton (2006) obtained inconclusive results regarding the status of preverbal subjects in Galician.
As the literature on Galician lacks descriptions of preferred word orders according to discourse context, I collected quantitative and qualitative experimental data to describe the syntax-information structure interface in Galician. The vast majority of speakers of this minority language are Spanish-Galician bilinguals with (self-reported) high levels of competency in both languages. This is of relevance because a variety of bilinguals, including heritage speakers, attrited L1 speakers, and those who have been claimed to have incompletely acquired the heritage language have been shown to exhibit instability and optionality at the linguistic interfaces, in particular at the syntax-discourse pragmatics interface (e.g. Hulk & Müller 2000; Sorace 2005 among numerous others), which is the subject of investigation in this dissertation. The data collected indicate a marked preference for SVO in a wide variety of discourse contexts, a preference that differs from those claimed to apply in similar contexts in Spanish (e.g. Ordóñez 1997, Zubizarreta 1998, Casielles 2004).
Assuming that the presence of clitics implies the projection of f (Raposo & Uriagereka 2005) and the extension of the preverbal field into the left periphery, the cliticization data gathered for Galician in main clauses, subordinate clauses and recomplementation contexts suggest a number of preverbal positions in which preverbal subjects, affective phrases, and Topic elements may appear, one of which I suggest is Spec, DoubledFceP, following Martín-González (2002), but with proposed modifications. The data also suggest necessary modifications for López's (2009) syntax-information structure interface proposal in Romance, which suggests a reduced, syncretic left-peripheral position (Spec, FinP) in which CLLD Topics, wh- elements, and Fronted Focus elements appear and are assigned [+c] (contrastive) by the Pragmatics module. Within the preverbal architecture I propose, preverbal subjects and other left-peripheral elements coincide, but in a variety of syntactic positions. Therefore, for pragmatic feature assignment to successfully assign [+c], Pragmatics must distinguish between preverbal subjects and other left-peripheral phrases.
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Sala, Mercè Prat. "The production of different word orders : a psycholinguistic and developmental approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/513.
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This thesis is primarily concerned with language production. In particular it investigates two issues: First, it explores some of the processing mechanisms underlying the production of different syntactic structures and word orders. Second, it explores the production of different syntactic structures and word order from a developmental perspective. These two issues are investigated experimentally and from a cross-linguistic point of view. First, a description is given of the possible word order permutations that Catalan allows and under which circumstances these word orders are produced. This is extended with a corpus analysis of spoken Catalan. The aim of this study is twofold: on the one hand, it aims to present the different positions where subjects and complements of the verb can appear in a sentence. On the other, it aims to compare the use of passivization between spoken and newspaper text in Catalan. Second, my experimental work in language production in four languages is presented. These languages include English, Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish. The main aim of this study is to explore the effects of the non-linguistic factors of animacy and frequency upon the production of different word orders. The results of four experiments in the four languages mentioned yield evidence that these non-linguistic factors affect the on-line processing of language production. In the four languages, participants tend to prefer to produce syntactic structures which allow animate entities to be realised as the sentential subject, even if this means producing a passive structure rather than a (usually preferred) active structure. I have also found evidence that in some languages (e.g. Catalan and Spanish) animate/frequent entities appear at initial sentence position in the grammatical category of object (in dislocated active constructions). These results are explained on the light of some of the models of language production (e.g. Bock 1987a; Bock and Levelt 1994). Third, further cross-linguistic experiments in three languages (English, Catalan and Spanish) are presented. There I show that one particular contextual factor, discourse salience, can also affect the realisation of different syntactic structures during production. Entities which have been made more salient by the preceding context are more likely to appear as sentential subjects or in early sentential positions than entities which have also been introduced in previous discourse but are less salient. I suggest that these effects can be explained using the same mechanisms that explain other non-linguistic factors (e.g. animacy). The results also suggest that in the absence of context, animacy is a strong determinant of syntactic structure and word order, whereas in context, discourse salience may largely override animacy effects. Finally, these results suggest that from a processing point of view, the Given/New partition is not enough to account for the information structure of a sentence, but a more fine-grained distinction is need, in keeping with some recent pragmatic theories (e.g. Prince 1981, 1992; Sgall et al. 1986). Finally, I investigate the production of different word orders from a developmental point of view. In particular I examine the relationship between age and the production of different word orders by Catalan children, ranging from 4;11 to 11;11 years. The results of an experiment run with these children show that a dislocated active is a construction already consolidated at age 5. In contrast, the passive clause is a construction still not fully acquired at age 11. These results seem to suggest that for Catalan children, a dislocated active is a syntactic structure that is available earlier than the passive structure. Conversely, the placement of a patient in subject position and the creation of a verbal passive voice occurs later than simple word order permutation. Finally, a comparison between these results and existing results from English children shows that there are cross-linguistic differences on the age of production of passive clauses: while English children already produce passives at age 5, Catalan children start producing passives at age 11. I suggest some possible explanations for the cross-linguistic differences in the production of different syntactic structures. Overall, the main aim for this study is to gain insight into the production of different syntactic structures and word orders from a psycholinguistic and developmental point of view.
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Shimasaki, Katsuomi. "Focus structure in Biblical Hebrew : a study of word order and information structure with special reference to Deuteronomy." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 1999. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3323/.
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This thesis examines the word order of Biblical Hebrew from the perspective of Information Structure, specifically in the articulation of a theory of focus structure. To focus is to mark an item as informationally prominent. The thesis proposes that 1) in Biblical Hebrew focus is expressed by word order and by pitch prominence; 2) the clause-initial position is marked for focus for both nominal and verbal clauses; 3) and Biblical Hebrew has three major clause types: (P represents predicate including verb; X represents an argument, a cover-ten-n for non-predicate elements. Capitals mark. focus indicated by word order and/or high pitch. ) a) Px Predicate-Focus Structure adds new information preferably to an active or accessible referent( commenting); b) Xp Argument-Focus Structure relates X with the missing argument of a presupposed proposition (identification); c) XP Clause-Focus Structure indicates that the clause has pragmatic implication(s) other than commenting and identification. These implications include (information level): activation of inactive referents; introduction of a brand-new referent; (inter-clausal level): exclamation/proclamation, contrast of the whole proposition, circumstantial clause; (text-unit level): onset functions, background information, climax and closure; and finally parallel construction and list structure. Most of these implications show non-sequentiality to or independence of the preceding texts informationally, temporally or logically. The thesis also explores the relationship between emphasis, intensification (loud voice), contrast, focus and word order. Emphasis is achieved through various means which include intensification (loud voice) and implicit contrast. Contrast is created not by fronting but only by the presence of the contrastive members (either explicit or implicit). Contrast belongs to contextual implicatures not to syntax. Intensification belongs to prosody not to syntax. Only focused constituents are contrasted or intensified. Detection of intensification (loud voice) in written texts is highly subjective.
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Grimm, Angela. "The development of word-prosodic structure in child German : simplex words and compounds." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4319/.
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Die Dissertation untersucht die Entwicklung der prosodischen Struktur von Simplizia und Komposita im Deutschen. Ausgewertet werden langzeitlich erhobene Produktionsdaten von vier monolingualen Kindern im Alter von 12 bis 26 Monaten.
Es werden vier Entwicklungsstufen angenommen, in denen jedoch keine einheitlichen Outputs produziert werden. Die Asymmetrien zwischen den verschiedenen Wörtern werden systematisch auf die Struktur des Zielwortes zurückgeführt. In einer optimalitätstheoretischen Analyse wird gezeigt, dass sich die Entwicklungsstufen aus der Umordnung von Constraints ergeben und dass dasselbe Ranking die Variation zwischen den Worttypen zu einer bestimmten Entwicklungsstufe vorhersagt.<br>The thesis investigates the development of the word-prosodic structure in child German. The database consists of longitudinal production data of four monolingal children aged between 12 and 26 months.
It is argued in the thesis that the children pass through four developmental stages which are characterized by non-uniform outputs. The asymmetries in the output pattern are attributed to the proosdic shape of the target word. The thesis provides an optimality-theoretic analysis showing that a single ranking of constraints accounts for the variation in the output at a given stage.
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Hall, A. R. "Automatic speech recognition using morpheme structure rules for word hypothesis and dictionary generation." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352963.
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Cooper, Andrew. "Regular Word Order in The Wanderer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64070.
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Background: Grammars of Old English held at least until the 1960s that word orderin Anglo-Saxon texts was essentially “free”, that is, determined entirely or primarily by stylistic choice rather than syntactic rules. Although prose word order has been shown to be regular in several models, the same cannot be said of poetry. This study uses Nils-Lennart Johannesson’s Old English syntax model, operating within the Government and Binding framework, to establish whether the phrase structure of The Wanderer can fit into this model as it stands, and if not, whether a reasonably small number of additional parameters can be established in order to establish whether “free” word order is in evidence, or whether the word order of Old English poetry is regular in the same way as prose. Results: A full clause analysis showed that the majority of the clauses fit Johannesson’s model. For those which did not, two modifications are recommended: non-compulsory movement of main verbs in main clauses from I to C; and the splitting and rightwards extraposition of the second part of coordinated NPs in which the first coordinated element is “light” and the second “heavy”. This leaves a small number of clauses featuring constructions which do not occur frequently enough in the text to allow rules to be induced to explain them. These must therefore be deemed irregular. Conclusions: While much of The Wanderer has been shown to be syntactically regular, some constructions could not be fitted into the existing model without the introduction of special parameters to excuse them. This paper is intended as a pilot study for a larger project which will incorporate the other poems in the heroic tradition with the hope of inducing a complete syntax for them. One part of that investigation will be to include these infrequent constructions in The Wanderer, to find comparable constructions in other poems and categorise them within the corpus.
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Peters, Sandra [Verfasser], and Jonathan [Akademischer Betreuer] Harrington. "The effects of syllable structure on consonantal timing and vowel compression in child and adult speakers of German / Sandra Peters. Betreuer: Jonathan Harrington." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/110537419X/34.
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