Journal articles: 'Word-blindness'

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Lambon, Matthew A., Ralph Andrew W. Ellis, and Karen Sage. "WORD MEANING BLINDNESS REVISITED." Cognitive Neuropsychology 15, no. 4 (June 1998): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026432998381159.

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Fackelmann, K. A. "Dyslexia: New Twist on 'Word Blindness'." Science News 141, no. 3 (January 18, 1992): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976315.

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Kreindler, A. "A case of "pure" word blindness." Neurocase 1, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 139q—154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/1.2.139-q.

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Morris, Alison L., and Catherine L. Harris. "Sentence context, word recognition, and repetition blindness." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28, no. 5 (2002): 962–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.5.962.

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Benson, D. F. "Varieties of alexia. Word and letter blindness." Neurocase 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neucas/6.4.271.

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Buttle, H., C. K. Ball, J. Zhang, and J. E. Raymond. "Semantic repetition blindness: Picture versus word effects." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 18, 2010): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.592.

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Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon. "Word Meaning Blindness: A New Form of Acquired Dyslexia." Cognitive Neuropsychology 13, no. 5 (July 1996): 617–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026432996381863.

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Devyatko, D., and M. Falikman. "Would letters forming a word survive motion-induced blindness?" Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 19, 2010): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.1017.

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van Gijn, Jan. "A Patient With Word Blindness in the Seventeenth Century." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 24, no. 4 (March 16, 2015): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2014.1001697.

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Knickerbocker, Hugh, and Jeanette Altarriba. "Differential repetition blindness with emotion and emotion-laden word types." Visual Cognition 21, no. 5 (May 2013): 599–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2013.815297.

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Leggett, Jack M. I., Jennifer S. Burt, and Jo-Maree Ceccato. "Repetition priming and repetition blindness: Effects of an intervening distractor word." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 73, no. 2 (June 2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cep0000164.

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Parris, Benjamin A., Zoltan Dienes, and Timothy L. Hodgson. "Temporal constraints of the word blindness posthypnotic suggestion on Stroop task performance." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 38, no. 4 (2012): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028131.

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Parris, Benjamin A., Zoltan Dienes, and Timothy L. Hodgson. "Temporal constraints of the word blindness posthypnotic suggestion on Stroop task performance." Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 1, S (August 2013): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/2326-5523.1.s.160.

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Qadir, Muhammad Imran, Asma Rasheed, and Syed Bilal Hussain. "Cognizance of Color Blindness in University-Girls-Hostel Residents." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 06, no. 03 (2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2022.6305.

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The main purpose of the study was awareness about color blindness, its causes and impact on health in university-girls-hostel residents. Eighty students joined in this study. All the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Khadija hall girl’s hostel were involved in that study in which they were asked about color blindness it provides answers like is color blindness a viral infection or a bacterial disease, metabolic disease. Any one of you your family and friends have ever suffered from this disease? How can we treat it with the use of medicines or surgery? It is shifted genetically or by blood transfusion contact. Which they were asked about color blindness disease type and it’s diagnose and how it can be controlled either by surgery or medicines or no need of its treatment and how it spreads and family friends history of this disease. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. The statistical analysis was done by using MS word. Above study showed that majority of students said that AIDS is a bacterial disease rather than fungal disease. 67.5% of students claimed it as a bacterial disease but 36.25% said that it is not a genetically transferred disease. 53.75% of students had this disease.

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Al-Ageely, Teeba A., Mustafa Ismail, Noor M. Akar, Rokaya H. Abdalridha, Mohammed A. ALAli, Jaber H. Obaid, Muthanna N. Abdulqader, Samer S. Hoz, and Norberto Andaluz. "Complete bilateral blindness associated with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm: A literature review and illustrative case." Surgical Neurology International 13 (November 25, 2022): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_930_2022.

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Background: Anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms are considered one of the most common intracranial aneurysms, contributing to approximately 40% of the subarachnoid hemorrhages related to aneurysmal rupture. Aneurysms of the anterior circulation are commonly present with visual defects varying in their nature according to the aneurysmal site. However, complete bilateral vision loss associated with AcomA aneurysms is a significantly rare finding. We are reporting a case of complete bilateral blindness in a patient with a ruptured AcomA aneurysm with a literature review. Methods: We conducted a PubMed Medline database search by the following combined formula of subjects’ headings: (((Intracranial Aneurysm [MeSH Terms]) AND (AcomA Aneurysm [Title/Abstract])) AND [(Vision loss OR Blindness [Text Word])) AND (case reports [Filter]). Additional articles were searched through the reference lists of the included articles. Results: Our review yielded a total of five cases. All the present cases revealed unilateral blindness only, and their outcomes after treatment vary from recovery of vision to unchanged complete vision loss – none of the cases found in the literature presented with bilateral blindness. Conclusion: AcomA aneurysms can be associated with visual loss in some cases. However, usually, the defect is unilateral. Studies of the visual defects, including potential bilateral complete blindness associated with rupture inferiorly, directed AcomA aneurysm, should be highlighted.

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MacKay, Donald G., and Michelle D. Miller. "Semantic Blindness: Repeated Concepts are Difficult to Encode and Recall under Time Pressure." Psychological Science 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00614.x.

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This study demonstrates a recently predicted cognitive phenomenon known as semantic blindness, an inhibitory effect attributable to concept repetition in the serial recall of rapidly presented sentences Proficient bilinguals read mixed, Spanish-English sentences, each including a target and a pretarget word Targets and pretargets were related in three ways They were identical (e g, like-like), semantically identical across languages (e g, gusta-like), and nonidentical within or across languages (e g, read-like) Equivalent repetition blindness was found for targets with identical and semantically identical pretargets, indicating that repetition deficits were occurring solely at the semantic level, rather than at orthographic or phonological levels

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Govindan, Susaritha, and Sughan Balaji. "A Study on Glaucoma Awareness and the Source of Health Information in a Rural Population of Tamil Nadu." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 01 (January 4, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/4.

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BACKGROUND Glaucoma causes progressive loss of vision and significantly affects the quality of life. In 2019 World Health Organization reported that glaucoma caused blindness in 4.5 million people and is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. In India, nearly 1.2 million people were blind due to glaucoma of whom 90 percent remain undiagnosed in the community. The aim of this study is to assess the level of glaucoma awareness and to analyse the source of information that created awareness in a rural community. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in a village which is an outreach field practice area of our institution in Tamil Nadu, during the month of October 2019. The total study participants were 196 and data was collected by interview method and analysed using SPSS 16v software. RESULTS Among 196 respondents 12.2 % were aware of glaucoma, 85 % were aware that it leads to blindness, 38 % had heard about glaucoma from close acquaintances through word of mouth and 3 had undergone glaucoma evaluation in an outreach camp. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that awareness of glaucoma among the rural population continues to be poor. Hospital based awareness activity and word of mouth were the major source of information in our study group. Patients with glaucoma had better knowledge and they would play an effective role in creating awareness. Our study shows that the social media and mass media awareness campaign did not reach the rural population. KEYWORDS Glaucoma Awareness, Health Information

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Horkovičová, Kristína, Elena Hájková, and Vladimír Krásnik. "PRES Syndrome." Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 76, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31348/2020/23.

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The aim of this review, as well as the case report, is to become familiar with the syndrome, although it is not very common, but may still be encountered by an ophthalmologist during clinical practice. It is also interesting to point out how the clinical unit can be independent and unchangeable in medicine and, on the other hand, in the context of the reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES syndrome), the name can be changed. As such, cortex blindness arises after complete destruction of the visual cortex of both occipital lobes, often as a result of vascular circulatory disorders. PRES syndrome is characterized by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, where bilateral irregular hypodensive arteries are present in the occipital lobes that cause transient cortex blindness within the syndrome, which in its name carries the word reversible. Case report: A patient who was hospitalized at the Pneumology Department in which PRES syndrome and transient cortex blindness were diagnosed.

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Mackay, Donald G., Christopher B. Hadley, and Joel H. Schwartz. "Relations between emotion, illusory word perception, and orthographic repetition blindness: Tests of binding theory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58, no. 8 (November 2005): 1514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000728.

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This study reports effects of meaning and emotion (taboo vs. neutral words) on an illusory word (IW) phenomenon linked to orthographic repetition blindness (RB). Participants immediately recalled rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) lists consisting of two critical words (C1 and C2) containing shared letters, followed by a word fragment: for example, lake (C1) brake (C2) ush (fragment). For neutral critical words, participants often recalled C1, but not C2 or the fragment, reporting instead a nonoccurring or illusory word: here, brush (a blend of C2 and the fragment). Forward RB (defined as reduced report of orthographically similar C2s) was more common for neutral than for taboo C2s, and taboo IWs were reported significantly more often than were neutral IWs. Moreover, when both C2 and the potential IW were taboo, a new phenomenon emerged: Participants reliably reported both the IW and the intact C2. These and other results supported a binding theory of the IW phenomenon and orthographic RB.

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Husain, M. "Congenital Word-Blindness—Making Sense of Wiring Diagrams and ‘Black Boxes’: Discussion Paper." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 79, no. 2 (February 1986): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688607900209.

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21

Ram, Shri. "“Word Blindness” (Dyslexia) : A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research in Last Fifty Years." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 38, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.38.4.12791.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Dyslexia (commonly known as word blindness) is a cognitive (learning) disorder characterised by an impaired ability to comprehend written and printed words or phrases despite of intact vision. A quantitative literature analysis was carried out on learning disorder - dyslexia from 1967 to 2016 (50 Year) for assessing the global research trends. The emphasis has been given to analyse the research progress in dyslexia using bibliometric methods. This literature-based study was carried out with the documents retrieved from the Scopus. There were 13455 articles on Dyslexia in SCOPUS, distributed in nine document types and twenty eight languages. These literature were grown at 6 per cent annually. Of ninety eight countries, USA shared highest contribution. India ranked 20th in terms of total publication. The most of the research areas are centered towards psychology, learning ability and linguistics. </span></p></div></div></div>

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Robson, Mark. "In the Bitter Letter (A Rendition of Othello)." Oxford Literary Review 34, no. 1 (July 2012): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.2012.0031.

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Through a series of ‘rents’, this article reads the interplay between Shakespeare's Othello and various senses of rendition. The strange relations of theatricality, desire, violence and the unknown that the play stages are read in the light of Jacques Derrida's thinking on strangers, inhabitation, pity and blindness. In offering a rendition of Othello, much hinges on the politics of the word ‘in’.

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Yunru, Chen. "AETIOLOGIES AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF MONOCULAR VISUAL AURA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (February 28, 2022): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14251.

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Monocular visual aura is an atypical form of visual disturbance that could be indicative of many different underlying causes, originating in either the vascular or nervous system. The word aura is used to refer to migraine aura, but the description of scintillations, scotoma and blindness can also suggest many other aetiologies. There has been a varied use of terminology to describe these visual symptoms, such as monocular blindness, monocular visual loss, phosphenes. This narrative literature review aims to summarise the aetiologies of these monocular visual symptoms and their pathophysiologies. Relevant articles were sourced using databases PubMed and ScienceDirect, and from the bibliography of the articles. 17 articles were selected in total. Monocular visual symptoms were found to be a possible result of benign retinal migraine, as well as vascular and neurological causes. More research is still needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each of the aetiologies.

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KERRIGAN, LUCY, MICHAEL S. C. THOMAS, PETER BRIGHT, and ROBERTO FILIPPI. "Evidence of an advantage in visuo-spatial memory for bilingual compared to monolingual speakers." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 3 (February 11, 2016): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000917.

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Previous research has indicated that bilinguals outperform monolinguals in cognitive tasks involving spatial working memory. The present study examines evidence for this claim using a different and arguably more ecologically valid method (the change blindness task). Bilingual and monolingual participants were presented with two versions of the same scenes and required to press a key as soon as they identified the alteration. They also completed the word and alpha span tasks, and the Corsi blocks task. The results in the change blindness task, controlled for group differences in non-verbal reasoning, indicated that bilinguals were faster and more accurate than monolinguals at detecting visual changes. Similar group differences were found on the Corsi block task. Unlike previous findings, no group differences were found on the verbal memory tasks. The results are discussed with reference to mechanisms of cognitive control as a locus of transfer between bilingualism and spatial working memory tasks.

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Parris, Benjamin A., Zoltan Dienes, Sarah Bate, and Stace Gothard. "Oxytocin impedes the effect of the word blindness post-hypnotic suggestion on Stroop task performance." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 9, no. 7 (May 29, 2013): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst063.

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Schelonka, Kathryn, Christian Graulty, Enriqueta Canseco-Gonzalez, and Michael A. Pitts. "ERP signatures of conscious and unconscious word and letter perception in an inattentional blindness paradigm." Consciousness and Cognition 54 (September 2017): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.04.009.

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WORNAR, EDWARD. "K ETYMOLOGIJI PSŁ. *SLĚPЪ/SLEPЪ." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 77/1 (June 15, 2020): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2020.77.11.

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This article explains the hitherto unexplained variation of the root *slep/slěp- ‘blind’ which results from an old opposition of the causative (lengthened grade) vs. regular root (regular grade). This indicates a connection with the Lithuanian silpnas as a zero-grade root for the Slavic word which previously had no convincing parallels in other languages. Semantically, a connection with words meaning ‘sticky’ (as postulated by Šewc 1978 and others) should be rejected: they are neither phonetically nor semantically convincing. The preference is for the interpretation of blindness as a special kind of weakness.

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Hoogenraad, T. U. "Right hemiparalexia vera: word blindness for the right part of words despite normal fields of vision." Neuro-Ophthalmology 23, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/0165-8107(200002)2311-dft021.

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Hoogenraad, T. U. "Right hemiparalexia vera: word blindness for the right part of words despite normal fields of vision." Neuro-Ophthalmology 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/0165-8107(200002)23:1;1-d;ft021.

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Shen, Guangyin, Ruiming Wang, Mengru Yang, and Jiushu Xie. "Chinese Children with Congenital and Acquired Blindness Represent Concrete Concepts in Vertical Space through Tactile Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 11055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711055.

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Many studies have tested perceptual symbols in conceptual processing and found that perceptual symbols contain experiences from multisensory channels. However, whether the disability of one sensory channel affects the processing of the perceptual symbols and then affects conceptual processing is still unknown. This line of research would extend the perceptual symbol theory and have implications for language rehabilitation and mental health for people with disabilities. Therefore, the present study filled in this gap and tested whether Chinese children with congenital and acquired blindness have difficulty in recruiting perceptual symbols in the processing of concrete concepts. Experiment 1 used the word-pair-matching paradigm to test whether blind children used vertical space information in understanding concrete word pairs. Experiment 2 used the word-card-pairing paradigm to test the role of tactile experiences in the processing of concrete concepts for blind children. Results found that blind children automatically activated the spatial information of referents in the processing of concepts through the tactile sensory channel even when the visual sensory channel was disabled. This finding supported the compensatory phenomenon of other sensory channels in conceptual representation. In addition, the difference between elementary school blind children and middle school blind children in judging the spatial position of concrete words also indicated the vital influence of perceptual experiences on perceptual symbols in conceptual representation. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between children with congenital or acquired blindness. This might suggest that the compensatory of other sensory channels did not have a sensitive period. This study not only provided new evidence for the perceptual symbol theory but also found that perceptual symbols could be developed by a compensatory mechanism. This compensatory mechanism can be used to develop a rehabilitation program for improving language learning in blind children. Improved language ability in blind children will also improve their mental health problems caused by difficulties in social interaction (e.g., social anxiety).

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Burt, Jennifer S., and Jessica Jolley. "Repetition blindness in priming in perceptual identification: Competitive effects of a word intervening between prime and target." Memory & Cognition 45, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-017-0726-z.

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Parris, Benjamin A., and Zoltan Dienes. "Hypnotic suggestibility predicts the magnitude of the imaginative word blindness suggestion effect in a non-hypnotic context." Consciousness and Cognition 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.05.009.

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Papadopoulos, Judith, Frank Domahs, and Christina Kauschke. "The Role of Sensory Perception, Emotionality and Lifeworld in Auditory Word Processing: Evidence from Congenital Blindness and Synesthesia." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 46, no. 6 (June 22, 2017): 1597–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9511-1.

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Ismandari, Fetty, and Helda Helda. "Kebutaan pada Pasien Glaukoma Primer di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 5, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v5i4.140.

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Glaukoma adalah penyebab kebutaan permanen nomor dua di Indonesia yang sering tidak disadari oleh penderita. Proporsi pasien baru glaukoma yang datang ke RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam kondisi buta cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui berbagai faktor yangberhubungan dengan kebutaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 420 pasien glaukoma primer yang berkunjung di poliklinik penyakit mata RSCM pada Januari 2007-Oktober 2009 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model untuk mendapatkan nilai prevalence ratio (PR). Penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara antara kebutaan akibat glaukoma primer tekanan intraokular (PR = 1,01; 95% CI = 1,01-1,02), jenis glaukoma, pengobatan sebelumnya dan interaksi antara jenis glaukoma dan pengobatan sebelumnya (PR 2,09 95% CI 1,36-3,22 ). Untuk sudut terbuka yang pernah mendapat pengobatan sebelumnya (PR = 1,72; 95% CI = 1,20-2,46) untuk sudut tertutup yang belum mendapat pengobatan; PR= 1,79 untuk sudut tertutup yang pernah mendapat pengobatan; dibandingkan sudut terbuka yang belum mendapat pengobatan) serta pendidikan (PR = 1,49; 95% CI = 1,06-2,08 untuk pendidikan rendah dan PR = 1,37; 95% CI = 0,97-1,92 dibandingkan dengan pendidikan tinggi). Kata kunci: Glaukoma, buta, mataAbstractGlaucoma is the second largest cause of blindness in Indonesia. Blindness caused by glaucoma is irreversible and most of the patients are unaware of the symptoms. The proportion of blindness in new glaucoma patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta was found high, resulting the need to explore factors related to it. The Study involved 420 samples consisted of new primary glaucoma patients visiting Eye Clinic of this hospital from January 2007 to October 2009, who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. To calculate the Prevalence Ratio (PR), Cox’s ProportionalHazard Model Analysis was used. As result, variables that is significantly associated with blindness among new patients with primary glaucoma at this hospital were intraocular pressure (PR = 1,01; 95% CI = 1,01-1,02), glaucoma type, treated patients, interaction between glaucoma type and treated patients (PR = 2,09; 95% CI = 1,36-3,22 for POAG-treated patients; PR = 1,72; 95% CI = 1,20-2,46 for PACG-untreated patients; PR = 1,79 for PACG-treated patiens; compared with POAG-untreated patients), and education level (PR = 1,49; 95% CI = 1,06-2,08 for low level education and PR = 1,37; 95% CI = 0,97-1,92 for no answer compared with high level education).Key word: Glaucoma, blindness, eyes

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Vardhan, Prabhakar, Sanjeev Sharma, and Shamsa Fiaz. "A Brief Review of Ophthalmology In Indian Classical Literature." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, no. 06 (2022): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5624.

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Shalakya Tantra existed from ancient times, however not clearly. In pre-Vedic India, copper and bronze rods (Shalaka)were used to apply Anjanas (collyria) to avoid eye problems. Even though Shalakya tantra isn't mentioned in Vedic literature, eye anatomy and illnesses were known and treated in that age. Rigveda, the oldest known treatise, mentions eye illness treatment. Yajurveda mentions various eyecomponents. Atharvaved addresses Netra's synonyms, eye disorders like akshi-yakshma, and their symptoms. In Brahmanas and Upanishadas, the eye and its functions are described, along with blindness, netrasrava, and blindness cure. Shalakya word isn't mentioned. Shalakya Tantra was defined in the Samhita period, when Ayurveda developed in eight branches. Eye illnesses induced by Vata, Pitta, Shleshma, and Sannipataare listed in Lalitvistara text of Buddhist literature. Panini calls Shalakya experts 'Shalakkii' and describes timira and arma.Eye illnesses aren't discussed in Agnivesha Tantra (Charak Samhita) in detail. In carak samhits Eye illnesses are characterised by doshicpredominance and their origin and therapy are outlined. First 19 chapters of Shalakya are on ophthalmology. Sushruta Samhita describes local ocular therapeutic measures such as Kriya kalpa (Tarpana, Putpaka, Seka, Aschyotana and Anjana) and surgical techniques for treating eye problems. His eye surgical contributions are impressive. He discovered cataract surgery perhaps first. Vagbhatta detailed newer therapy techniques as Vidalaka, Gudana, and Sandhavanjana, along with new formulations and procedures. Acharya Madhava characterised ocular ailments after Sushruta, adding Kunchana and Pakshmashata.Bhavaprakasha. Yog Ratnakar, etc. described ophthalmology similarly to Sushruta Samhita with formulations for their treatment.

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Ruz, María, Michael S. Worden, Pío Tudela, and Bruce D. McCandliss. "Inattentional Amnesia to Words in a High Attentional Load Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 5 (May 2005): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053747685.

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We investigated the dependence of visual word processes on attention by examining event-related potential (ERP) responses as subjects viewed words while their attention was engaged by a concurrent highly demanding task. We used a paradigm from a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment [Rees, G., Russel, C., Frith, C. D., & Driver, J. Inattentional blindness vs. inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science, 286, 2504–2506, 1999] in which participants attended either to drawings or to overlapping letters (words or nonwords) presented at a fast rate. Although previous fMRI results supported the notion that word processing was obliterated by attention withdrawal, the current electrophysiological results demonstrated that visual words are processed even under conditions in which attentional resources are engaged in a different task that does not involve reading. In two experiments, ERPs for attended words versus nonwords differed in the left frontal, left posterior, and medial scalp locations. However, in contrast to the previous fMRI results, ERPs responded differentially to ignored words and consonant strings in several regions. These results suggest that fMRI and ERPs may have differential sensitivity to some forms of neural activation. Moreover, they provide evidence to restore the notion that the brain analyzes words even when attention is tied to another dimension.

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Wollert, David. "The Fascinating & Controversial New Science of CRISPR." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.5.279.

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CRISPR (also known as CRISPR-Cas9) is a powerful biotechnology tool that gives scientists unprecedented access to the genetic makeup of all living organisms, including humans. It originally evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria to defend against viruses. When artificially harnessed in the laboratory it allows scientists to accurately and precisely edit genes, almost as if using a word processor. In mice, CRISPR has already been used to treat diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and blindness. CRISPR has made cultured human cells immune to HIV, and a variety of CRISPR experiments involving human embryos are well under way. But CRISPR is not limited to biomedical applications. It is also revolutionizing the food industry and many areas of biological research. This article provides science educators a broad and up-to-date overview of CRISPR, including its discovery, application, and bioethical challenges. It is imperative that science educators help prepare students, both majors and nonmajors, for this compelling new era of biology.

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Wollert, David. "Wet & Dry Lab Activities to Introduce Students to CRISPR-Based Gene Editing." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.5.315.

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CRISPR (also known as CRISPR-Cas9) is a powerful biotechnology tool that gives scientists unprecedented access to the genetic makeup of all living organisms, including humans. It originally evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria to defend against viruses. When artificially harnessed in the laboratory it allows scientists to accurately and precisely edit genes almost as if using a word processor. In mice, CRISPR has already been used to treat diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and blindness. CRISPR has made cultured human cells immune to HIV, and a variety of CRISPR experiments involving human embryos are well under way. But CRISPR is not limited to biomedical applications. It is also revolutionizing the food industry and many areas of biological research. It is imperative that science educators help prepare students for this compelling new era of biology. This article presents wet and dry lab simulations to help introduce high school and undergraduate students to CRISPR-based gene editing technology.

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Miller, Michelle D., and Donald G. MacKay. "Relations Between Language and Memory: The Case of Repetition Deafness." Psychological Science 7, no. 6 (November 1996): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00387.x.

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Immediate recall decreases for repeated relative to unrepeated words in rapidly presented spoken lists, a phenomenon known as repetition deafness (RD) The present study examines RD as a test case for a distributed memory account of relations between language and memory Within the distributed memory framework, general connection-formation processes required for language comprehension influence repetition deficits in sentences Thus, RD should increase as a function of factors, such as listlike sentence prosody, that disrupt the formation of word-to-phrase links Also under this account, repetition blindness and RD in sentences should display fundamentally similar characteristics (e.g., relative insensitivity to low-level sensory differences between the repeated words) Using innovative procedures for computer sound manipulation, the present study obtained data supporting both predictions RD increased for sentences generated with listlike versus normal prosody, but did not differ reliably for acoustically similar versus dissimilar repeated words Implications of these data for the general issue of relations between language and memory are discussed

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Parris, Benjamin A., Nabil Hasshim, and Zoltan Dienes. "Look into my eyes: Pupillometry reveals that a post‐hypnotic suggestion for word blindness reduces Stroop interference by marshalling greater effortful control." European Journal of Neuroscience 53, no. 8 (January 28, 2021): 2819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15105.

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Mustafa, Wan Azani, and Haniza Yazid. "Conversion of the Retinal Image Using Gray World Technique." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 36 (March 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.36.70.

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Retinal images are routinely acquired and assessed to provide diagnostic for many important diseases like diabetic retinopathy. People with proliferative retinopathy can reduce their risk of blindness by 95 percent with timely treatment and appropriate follow-up care. The color constancy is used in this context to define the ability of the visual system to estimate an object color transmitting an unpredictable spectrum to the eyes. In this paper, a Gray World method was proposed by assuming the average of the surface reflectance of a typical scene is some pre-specified value. The main idea based on illumination estimated using the statistical region data. The effectiveness of the Gray Word method and normal gray technique was calculated by using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The Gray World achieved the highest PSNR and lowest MSE proved that the image quality was improved. The proposed method can be used to help the ophthalmologist to detect a lesion in the retinal image automatically. Through the contrast variation in retinal images, the disease can be recognized very well.

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REX, RICHARD. "THE RELIGION OF HENRY VIII." Historical Journal 57, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x13000368.

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ABSTRACTThis article takes issue with the influential recent interpretation of Henry VIII's religious position as consistently ‘Erasmian’. Bringing to the discussion not only a re-evaluation of much familiar evidence but also a considerable quantity of hitherto unknown or little-known material, it proposes instead that Henry's religious position, until the 1530s, sat squarely within the parameters of ‘traditional religion’ and that the subsequent changes in his attitudes to the cult of the saints, monasticism, and papal primacy were so significant as to be understood and described by Henry himself in terms of a veritable religious ‘conversion’. This conversion, which was very much sui generis, is not easily to be fitted within the confessional frameworks of other sixteenth-century religious movements (though it was by no means unaffected by them). It hinged upon Henry's new understanding of kingship as a supreme spiritual responsibility entrusted to kings by the Word of God, but long hidden from them by the machinations of the papacy. His own providential deliverance from blindness was, he believed, but the beginning of a more general spiritual enlightenment.

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Ang, Leslie PS, and Leonard PK Ang. "Current Understanding of the Treatment and Outcome of Acute Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: An Asian Perspective." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 3 (March 15, 2008): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n3p210.

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Introduction: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness among Asians. A better understanding of the disease will improve the treatment and outcome of this condition. Methods: A literature review of all recent publications on PACG was carried out. Articles were retrieved using a key word search of MEDLINE, PubMed and Science Citation Index databases. Results: Following laser peripheral iritodomy for acute angle-closure, Asians were found to have a higher tendency to develop a subsequent rise in intraocular pressure compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, the extent and severity of visual field damage was more severe in Asians than Caucasians, particularly in eyes that presented insidiously with chronic PACG. Prophylactic laser iridotomy in the contralateral eye was found to be highly effective in preventing acute angle-closure attacks. Conclusion: PACG is more difficult to manage and is associated with more severe long-term visual morbidity in Asians than Caucasians. Regular follow-up of patients with PACG is important for the early detection of progression of the disease and visual field deterioration.

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Gupta, Richa, Steve Mannheimer, P. V. Madhusudan Rao, and Meenakshi Balakrishnan. "Evaluating the Use of Tactile Shapes in Associative Learning for People Who Are Blind." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 116, no. 4 (July 2022): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x221124867.

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Introduction: This work investigates if simple two-dimensional (2D) tactile shapes can facilitate encoding, retention, and retrieval of associated information in the form of one-word labels. It also questions the need for the resemblance of tactile graphics with respective visual referents. Methods: Four experiments were conducted using recall tasks with verbal and tactual triggers. Students who are blind from schools for blind students in Indianapolis, Indiana (USA) and New Delhi (India) participated in these experiments. Participants learned 12 shapes with assigned (two sets of) one-word labels categorized as consonant, dissonant, or abstract. Recall tasks were conducted after 1 week and after 4 months using verbal and tactual triggers. Results: The results of experiment 1 show that recall performance for consonant associations was higher than that for dissonant and abstract. Experiment 2 shows the recall performance using orally narrated verbal triggers, while experiments 3 and 4 use tactile triggers (both verbal and shape). Additionally, in experiment 4, the participants were observed recalling most associations after 4 months. Tactile verbal triggers (braille) invoked better recall accuracy as compared to tactile shape triggers. Discussion: The results and discussion with schema theory suggest that resemblance to visual referent (or similarity of tactile shape with real-life visual stimuli) is not necessary for learning associated labels. Additionally, simple 2D tactile shapes can support long-term retention of associated verbal information. The presence of primacy effect (better retention of first few associations) and distinctiveness effect (better retention of unique associations). Implications for Practitioners: The inferences of this work can influence the redesign of educational material and pedagogy for students with blindness by: (1) contributing to the development of a standardized set of symbols with associated meanings and using them for book annotation or indicating the genre of a graphic; (2) using simple tactile images instead of complex “visually correct” images.

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Al-Naggar, Redhwan Ahmed, Hisham Alshaikhli, R. R. Al-Rashidi, and Bahaa Saleh. "Glaucoma among the Malaysian Community." Scientific World Journal 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4859496.

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Background. According to the WHO, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. About 50% of the world’s glaucoma cases come from the Asian population, and in Malaysia itself, the prevalence of glaucoma is increasing. However, glaucoma is still a foreign word to our community despite the high prevalence. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the awareness of glaucoma among the community and its associated factors. Results. This study showed that only 25.2% of our respondents were aware of glaucoma and it is associated with ethnicity, religion, education, and household income. Besides, among those who were aware, they fall into the group of poor knowledge of glaucoma. On the other hand, the knowledge of glaucoma was associated with occupation and the awareness of glaucoma by definition. The validated questionnaire was distributed and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test. Conclusion. Awareness and knowledge of glaucoma in this population is low. These findings suggest that there is a need for an efficient information and education strategy to be designed and conducted to increase the awareness and knowledge of glaucoma so that early detection can be made and effective management of individuals with this condition can be delivered.

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Pattanayak, Raman Deep, Rajesh Sagar, and Manju Mehta. "Neurocognition in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Bipolar Disorder Type I From India." SAGE Open 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 215824401143635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244011436351.

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The study aims to evaluate the neuropsychological functions of unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder Type I (BD-I) in comparison with healthy controls. The method was a cross-sectional assessment of 20 first-degree relatives of patients with BD-I and 20 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for all participants included age between 18 and 55 years, ≥5 years of formal education, right-handedness as per Edinburgh handedness inventory, absence of color blindness as per Ishihara’s isochromatic charts, and a score of >24 on Hindi mental state examination. None of the participants had a current or lifetime diagnosis of a mental disorder on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Clinician Version. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted with Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop color and word test, N-Back Verbal Memory Test, and Post Graduate Institute (PGI) Memory Scale. Both the groups were comparable in age, gender distribution, and education. The unaffected first-degree relatives performed poorly on Trail Making Test B and (B-A), indicating a poor cognitive flexibility and set-shifting. The relative group also performed poorly on Mental Balance subtest of PGI Memory Scale. The unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with BD display certain impairments in dorsal prefrontal executive functions which can serve as vulnerability markers for BD.

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Dent, Kevin, and Geoff G. Cole. "Gatecrashing the visual cocktail party: How visual and semantic similarity modulate the own name benefit in the attentional blink." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 5 (June 5, 2018): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818778694.

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The “visual cocktail party effect” refers to superior report of a participant’s own name, under conditions of inattention. An early selection account suggests this advantage stems from enhanced visual processing. A late selection account suggests the advantage occurs when semantic information allowing identification as one’s own name is retrieved. In the context of inattentional blindness (IB), Mack and Rock showed that the advantage does not generalise to a minor modification of a participant’s own name, despite extensive visual similarity, supporting the late selection account. This study applied the name modification manipulation in the context of the attentional blink (AB). Participants were presented with rapid streams of names and identified a white target name, while also reporting the presence of one of two possible probes. The probe names appeared either close (the third item following the target: Lag 3) or far in time from the target (the eighth item following the target: Lag 8). The results revealed a robust AB; reports of the probe were reduced at Lag 3 relative to Lag 8. The AB was also greatly reduced for the own name compared to another name—a visual cocktail party effect. In contrast to the findings of Mack and Rock for IB, the reduced AB extended to the modified own name. The results suggest different loci for the visual cocktail party effect in the AB (word recognition) compared to IB (semantic processing).

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David, Hanna. "The Gifted Disabled Student in the Regular and the Special Classroom." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 51 (May 2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.51.19.

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The term "special education" is used, in most cases, for the education of children with learning disabilities, emotional problems, behavioral difficulties, severe physical limitations, or difficulties related to low cognitive abilities. "Gifted education", on the other hand, is used for educating the more able, children with high learning ability or special talents, creative children or children who had achieved highly in school-related or any other area, such as chess, music, painting, etc.However, many gifted children belong to both categories. Some suffer from problems or irregularities unrelated to their giftedness, for example – learning disabilities (e.g. dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, ADHD), or physical limitations, such as hearing loss, blindness, or paralysis. Some have to deal with issues directly or indirectly connected to their giftedness. For example: social acceptance has to do with conforming to the classroom norms, speaking about subjects considered age-appropriate, or being careful not to use "high level" vocabulary. A gifted child might find it difficult to participate in activities he or she has no interest in, not expressing feelings or ideas because they might seem odd to the peers, or thinking before using any rare or unconventional word or expression. A gifted child who is bored in the classroom might adopt behaviors such as abstention from activities, daydreaming or becoming the "classroom clown" and disturbing the teachers with voice-making, making jokes at others' expense or even at the teacher's. Such behaviors – not necessary a result of the child's giftedness but related to it – lead, in many cases, to labeling the child as "badly adjusted", "socially misfit", "isolated", or the like.In this article I intend to describe the social and the educational difficulties the gifted child has to deal with in the regular as well as in the gifted classroom and present techniques which might help overcoming them. I will present in detail four , all gifted with either learning disabilities or emotional problems, and the successful interventions they had gone through until reaching reasonable results.

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Lestari, Rizki Rahmawati, and Zurrahmi Z.R. "PENYULUHAN DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN LANSIA DI DESA SALO TIMUR." COVIT (Community Service of Health) 1, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/covit.v1i2.2138.

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Nowadays people are no stranger to hearing the word Hypertension. Hypertension is a disease that is commonly found in the community, and is a disease associated with the cardiovascular system. Hypertension is not a contagious disease, but we also cannot take it lightly, we should always be vigilant. High blood pressure or hypertension and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) are the two main conditions that underlie many forms of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for high blood pressure to also cause kidney problems. Until now, both efforts to prevent and treat hypertension have not been fully successful, this is due to many influencing factors such as lack of knowledge about hypertension (understanding, classification, signs and symptoms, causes and complications) and also its treatment. Currently, the death rate due to hypertension in Indonesia is very high. Hypertension is the number 3 cause of death after stroke and tuberculosis, which reaches 6.7% of the population of deaths at all ages in Indonesia. Hypertension is a circulatory system disorder that causes an increase in blood pressure above normal, which is 140/90 mmHg. The results of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) Balitbangkes in 2007 showed the prevalence of hypertension nationally reached 31.7% (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia). Of that amount, 60% of people with hypertension end up in a stroke. While the rest in the heart, kidney failure, and blindness. While in the Western world, hypertension actually causes kidney failure, because efforts need to be made to reduce the number of hypertension disease, especially for people with hypertension need to be given proper care and treatment so as not to cause complications that are getting worse. In addition, the importance of providing nursing care to hypertensive patients is also very necessary to carry out the correct implementation in hypertensive patients. It is hoped that with this community service about hypertension disorders,it can provide appropriate and correct nursing care for people with hypertension and can reduce morbidity and mortality due to hypertension in the community.

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Phelan, Peggy. "Lessons in Blindness from Samuel Beckett." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101749.

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Reading samuel beckett made me want to link literary and visual studies, although when i first began to love his work, I did not understand that these were different disciplines. A graduate student in the English department at Rutgers University, I read Waiting for Godot while sitting on the floor of my dorm room. I remember really squinting at the pages, trying both to read every word of the play and to see it on a stage in my mind. When I finished, I was convinced I had read the dialogue to a painting. What confused me was whether the painting existed before the play or whether Beckett was trying to create it in the play's performance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Word-blindness'

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